DOCSLIB.ORG

Phytochimie-Chimie Organique Biologique

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phytochimie-Chimie Organique Biologique N° d’ordre : 2015AGUY0858 Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Naturelles de Guadeloupe Ecole doctorale pluridisciplinaire THESE En vue de l’obtention du DOCTORAT Discipline : chimie Spécialité : phytochimie-chimie organique biologique Présentée par Josianny JOSEPH-ANGELIQUE CONTRIBUTION A LA CONNAISSANCE CHIMIQUE ET VALORISATION BIOLOGIQUE DE Nectandra membranacea (Swartz) Grisebach de Guadeloupe Soutenue le 23 juillet 2015 COMPOSITION DU JURY Pr André PICHETTE Laboratoire d’Analyse et de Séparation Rapporteur des Essences VEgétales (LASEVE) Université du Québec à Chicoutimi Pr Laila SALMEN Laboratorie de Farmacognosia Rapporteur ESPINDOLA DARVENNE Universidade de Brasília Pr Jacqueline ABAUL Université des Antilles et de la Guyane Examinateur Pr Joëlle LEVALOIS Université des Antilles et de la Guyane Directeur de GRÜTZMACHER thèse ii REMERCIEMENTS Ce travail a été effectué à l'Unité Mixte de Recherche de la Qualité et Valorisation des produits végétaux tropicaux (UMR QUALITROP 1270) de l'Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Pôle Guadeloupe, sous la direction de Madame Le Professeur Joëlle LEVALOIS- GRÜTZMACHER. Je tiens à la remercier pour m'avoir accueillie au sein du laboratoire et de m’avoir donné l’opportunité de poursuivre ma formation en phytochimie. Je tiens également à remercier Madame Sylvie BERCION, directrice du laboratoire QualiTrop et Maître de conférence-HDR en Chimie, pour ses conseils, son soutien et ses encouragements. Je remercie également mes responsables de thèse, à l’origine du projet sur lequel est basé cette thèse, Madame Lyn UDINO et Madame Muriel SYLVESTRE, Maîtres de conférences en Chimie, pour leurs efforts, leurs conseils et leur positivité, tout au long de ces années de travail. J'aimerais également exprimer ma gratitude à Madame Le Professeur Jacqueline ABAUL, Directrice de l'Ecole Doctorale et Professeur en Chimie, pour ses encouragements et sa compréhension. Je remercie Monsieur JOVIAL, de m'avoir permis de récolter sur son terrain, l'objet de mon étude, sans lui ce travail n'aurait pas pu être réalisé. Mes remerciements vont également aux rapporteurs les Professeurs Laila SALMEN ESPINDOLA DARVENNE et André PICHETTE qui ont accepté de juger ce travail. Je remercie également les personnes dont la collaboration a été essentielle pour plusieurs aspects de ce travail : Les Professeurs André PICHETTE et Jean LEGAULT, de l’Université du Québec à Chicoutimi et Directeurs du Laboratoire d’Analyse et de Séparation des Essences Végétales (LASEVE) de m’avoir accueillie et permis de réaliser sur leur site diverses analyses et tests biologiques sur mes échantillons. iii Monsieur Le Professeur, Hanszork GRÜTZMACHER m'a accueillie dans son laboratoire à l’Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Zurich, ETH. Je remercie toute son équipe pour leur convivialité et leur gentillesse. J'y ai passé de très bons moments. Monsieur Le Professeur Etienne HIRSCH, neurobiologiste, et Directeur de recherche au CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) et à l’INSERM (Institut National de La Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) qui a réalisé les tests neuroprotecteurs pour la maladie d'Alzheimer sur mes extraits. Je suis aussi très reconnaissante envers Monsieur Serge LAVOIE pour avoir partagé avec moi ses connaissances et pour sa disponibilité. Ce travail n'aurait pas pu être mené à bien sans une équipe de collègues : Une mention particulière pour Madame Francine LAVOIE-NAGAU qui m’a énormément soutenue, conseillée, aidée dans ce travail et merci pour sa bonne humeur au quotidien. Merci beaucoup Francine! Je remercie tous mes collègues de bureau, particulièrement Grégory LEGRAVE pour m'avoir encouragée, pour sa disponibilité et pour m'avoir supportée durant cette thèse. Corine, Laurent, Axelle, Lisa et Sabin pour tout leur soutien, leurs conseils et leur bonne humeur. Merci à ma famille de cœur, Madame Novelta MALINUR dit Tata, Monsieur Serge Malinur, à Denise, Marie-Line, Fulbert, Stacy, Shannie, Allan et Nicolas pour leur soutien et les bons moments passés ensemble. Un merci particulier pour Jocelyn et François pour m'avoir aidée lors de mes nombreuses récoltes, et pour leurs encouragements. Je remercie également toute l'équipe de l'UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles. Je tiens à remercier aussi Rod DABRIOU, Harry MEPHON pour leur soutien ainsi que Rio, Constant, Véronique, Jean-Jacques, Daniel et tout le personnel du centre hospitalier du Carbet. Enfin mes remerciements vont aussi à Roberto, Lulu, Julien, Jean-Claude et Norbert pour m’avoir soutenue moralement, encouragée à surmonter ces épreuves difficiles. Et également au Dr Carra pour avoir contribué à la présentation de ce travail. A toute ma famille, mes parents, Alex BENGON dit Lailai et tous mes amis Didier, Christelle, Constance et Eve, merci. iv Résumé Contribution à la connaissance chimique et à la valorisation biologique de Nectandra membranacea (Swartz) Grisebach Nectandra membranacea (Lauraceae) est une plante très commune aux Petites Antilles. Aucune utilisation traditionnelle de cette plante n’est connue mais le genre Nectandra, qui représente le deuxième plus important de la famille des Lauraceae avec 114 espèces reconnues, présente des propriétés analgésiques, anti-inflammatoires et énergétiques (Le Quesne et al 1980). Nectandra a également démontré une activité antitumorale (Silva-Filho, 2004). Les nombreuses propriétés du genre et le peu de connaissance chimique sur cette espèce nous ont incités à réaliser une étude phytochimique et à évaluer le potentiel biologique des différentes parties de cette plante. L’analyse des lipides a été effectuée, et les principales classes de métabolites secondaires (terpènes, flavonoïdes, alcaloïdes) ont été recherchées dans les feuilles, les écorces et les fruits de Nectandra membranacea. Afin de suivre les variations de la composition chimique en fonction du cycle de vie du végétal, l’étude a été réalisée sur des échantillons (feuilles, écorces et fruits), récoltés à deux stades du cycle de la plante : la germination (stade A) et la fructification (stade B). N. membranacea, grâce à la présence de nombreuses familles chimiques, possède des activités biologiques intéressantes. Les huiles essentielles ont montré des activités anticancéreuses, anti-inflammatoires, antioxydantes et antiherpétiques. Les extraits polyphénoliques issus des différentes parties de la plante ont montré une très grande activité antioxydante (ORAC et DPPH) et in vitro (cellules saines) ainsi que des propriétés anti-inflammatoires notables. Les extraits d’alcaloïdes totaux issus des trois parties ont été évalués pour la maladie d’Alzheimer et ont révélé de très bons effets neuroprotecteurs, plus particulièrement pour les extraits de feuilles récoltées lors de la germination. Ce travail a permis d’élargir la connaissance des huiles essentielles de l’espèce (composition pour plusieurs parties et activité biologique). Des flavonoïdes ont été identifiés, mais la plante s’est révélée particulièrement riche en alcaloïdes (une quinzaine) de type isoquinoliques et indoliques. N. membranacea se révèle être une plante aux nombreuses propriétés, au regard de ses activités biologiques intéressantes. Des extraits pourraient être utilisés comme principes actifs dans des médicaments mais également en industrie cosmétique. Mots clés : Nectandra membranacea, Lauraceae, étude phytochimique, activité biologique, cytotoxique, anti-inflammatoire, antioxydant, antiviral. v Abstract Contribution to chemical knowledge and biological recovery of Nectandra membranacea (Swartz) Grisebach Nectandra membranacea (Lauraceae) is a very common plant in the French West Indies. No traditional use of this plant is known, but the genus Nectandra, which represents the second most important of Lauraceae family with 114 recognized species, has got analgesic, anti-inflammatory and energizing activities (Le Quesne et al 1980). Nectandra was also identified as a potential antitumor agent (Silva-Filho, 2004). Many properties of the genus, and some chemical knowledge of this species, have prompted us to perform phytochemical and biological study of different parts of the plant. Lipids and the main classes of secondary metabolites (terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids) were investigated in leaves, bark and fruits of Nectandra membranacea. To determine the monitoring changes in the chemical composition, according to the life cycle of the plant, the study was carried out on samples (leaves, bark and fruits) harvested at two stages of the cycle plant : germination (stage A) and fruit stage (stage B). N. membranacea, thanks to the presence of many chemical families, has interesting biological activities. Essential oils have shown anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities. They revealed antiviral activity on the herpes virus. The polyphenolic extracts from different parts of the plant showed a high antioxidant activity (ORAC and DPPH tests) and in vitro (healthy cells) and significant anti-inflammatory properties. The total alkaloids extracted from the three parts were evaluated for Alzheimer’s disease and were found to have very good protective effects, especially the leaves’ extracts collected during germination. This work has expanded knowledge of the essential oil of the species (composition of several parts and biological activity). Flavonoids have been identified, but the plant was shown to be particularly rich in alkaloids (fifteen were identified) of indolic and isoquinolic type. N. membranacea presents many properties. In view of its interesting biological activities, it could
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Lauraceae
    PHYLOGENY Andre'S. Chanderbali,2'3Henk van der AND HISTORICAL Werff,3 and Susanne S. Renner3 BIOGEOGRAPHY OF LAURACEAE: EVIDENCE FROM THE CHLOROPLAST AND NUCLEAR GENOMES1 ABSTRACT Phylogenetic relationships among 122 species of Lauraceae representing 44 of the 55 currentlyrecognized genera are inferredfrom sequence variation in the chloroplast and nuclear genomes. The trnL-trnF,trnT-trnL, psbA-trnH, and rpll6 regions of cpDNA, and the 5' end of 26S rDNA resolved major lineages, while the ITS/5.8S region of rDNA resolved a large terminal lade. The phylogenetic estimate is used to assess morphology-based views of relationships and, with a temporal dimension added, to reconstructthe biogeographic historyof the family.Results suggest Lauraceae radiated when trans-Tethyeanmigration was relatively easy, and basal lineages are established on either Gondwanan or Laurasian terrains by the Late Cretaceous. Most genera with Gondwanan histories place in Cryptocaryeae, but a small group of South American genera, the Chlorocardium-Mezilauruls lade, represent a separate Gondwanan lineage. Caryodaphnopsis and Neocinnamomum may be the only extant representatives of the ancient Lauraceae flora docu- mented in Mid- to Late Cretaceous Laurasian strata. Remaining genera place in a terminal Perseeae-Laureae lade that radiated in Early Eocene Laurasia. Therein, non-cupulate genera associate as the Persea group, and cupuliferous genera sort to Laureae of most classifications or Cinnamomeae sensu Kostermans. Laureae are Laurasian relicts in Asia. The Persea group
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Inventory and Analysis National Core Field Guide
    National Core Field Guide, Version 5.1 October, 2011 FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS NATIONAL CORE FIELD GUIDE VOLUME I: FIELD DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES FOR PHASE 2 PLOTS Version 5.1 National Core Field Guide, Version 5.1 October, 2011 Changes from the Phase 2 Field Guide version 5.0 to version 5.1 Changes documented in change proposals are indicated in bold type. The corresponding proposal name can be seen using the comments feature in the electronic file. • Section 8. Phase 2 (P2) Vegetation Profile (Core Optional). Corrected several figure numbers and figure references in the text. • 8.2. General definitions. NRCS PLANTS database. Changed text from: “USDA, NRCS. 2000. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 1 January 2000). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. FIA currently uses a stable codeset downloaded in January of 2000.” To: “USDA, NRCS. 2010. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov, 1 January 2010). National Plant Data Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA. FIA currently uses a stable codeset downloaded in January of 2010”. • 8.6.2. SPECIES CODE. Changed the text in the first paragraph from: “Record a code for each sampled vascular plant species found rooted in or overhanging the sampled condition of the subplot at any height. Species codes must be the standardized codes in the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) PLANTS database (currently January 2000 version). Identification to species only is expected. However, if subspecies information is known, enter the appropriate NRCS code. For graminoids, genus and unknown codes are acceptable, but do not lump species of the same genera or unknown code.
    [Show full text]
  • The University of British Columbia
    The University of British Columbia Department of Botany #3529 – 6270 University Boulevard Vancouver, B.C. Canada V6T 1Z4 Tel: (604) 822-2133 Fax: (604) 822-6089 March 14, 2019 BSA Council Dear Council Members, It is with great pleasure that I nominate Professor Richard Abbott to be a Corresponding Member of the Botanical Society of America. I view Professor Abbott as an international leader in the areas of plant hybridization and phylogeography. His work is notable for its high quality, thoroughness, and careful and nuanced interpretations of results. Also, included in this nomination package is a letter of support from Corresponding Member Dianne Edwards CBE FRS, who is a Distinguished Research Professor at Cardiff University, along with Richard’s CV. Below I highlight several of Prof. Abbott’s most important contributions, as well as the characteristics of his work that I particularly admire. Prof. Abbott is probably best known for his careful elucidation of the reticulate history of Senecio (ragworts and groundsels) of the British Isles. His studies of the Senecio system have combined careful analyses of historical plant distribution records in the UK, with data from ecological experiments, developmental genetics, and population genetic and genomic analyses. This multidisciplinary approach is powerful, and Prof. Abbot’s work has revealed several examples of plant speciation in real time (and there aren’t very many of these). Key findings include (1) the discovery and careful documentation of the homoploid hybrid origin of the Oxford
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Identification of Cyclic Polyketides From
    ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CYCLIC POLYKETIDES FROM ENDIANDRA KINGIANA GAMBLE (LAURACEAE), AS BCL-XL/BAK AND MCL-1/BID DUAL INHIBITORS, AND APPROACHES TOWARD THE SYNTHESIS OF KINGIANINS Mohamad Nurul Azmi Mohamad Taib, Yvan Six, Marc Litaudon, Khalijah Awang To cite this version: Mohamad Nurul Azmi Mohamad Taib, Yvan Six, Marc Litaudon, Khalijah Awang. ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CYCLIC POLYKETIDES FROM ENDIANDRA KINGIANA GAMBLE (LAURACEAE), AS BCL-XL/BAK AND MCL-1/BID DUAL INHIBITORS, AND APPROACHES TOWARD THE SYNTHESIS OF KINGIANINS . Chemical Sciences. Ecole Doctorale Polytechnique; Laboratoires de Synthase Organique (LSO), 2015. English. tel-01260359 HAL Id: tel-01260359 https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01260359 Submitted on 22 Jan 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CYCLIC POLYKETIDES FROM ENDIANDRA KINGIANA GAMBLE (LAURACEAE), AS BCL-XL/BAK AND MCL-1/BID DUAL INHIBITORS, AND APPROACHES TOWARD THE SYNTHESIS OF KINGIANINS MOHAMAD NURUL AZMI BIN MOHAMAD TAIB FACULTY OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Inventory and Analysis National Core Field Guide Volume I: Field Data Collection Procedures for Phase 2 Plots
    National Core Field Guide, Version 6.0 October, 2012 FOREST INVENTORY AND ANALYSIS NATIONAL CORE FIELD GUIDE VOLUME I: FIELD DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES FOR PHASE 2 PLOTS Version 6.0 National Core Field Guide, Version 6.0 October, 2012 Changes from the Phase 2 Field Guide version 5.1 to version 6.0 Changes documented in change proposals are indicated in bold type. The corresponding proposal name can be seen using the comments feature in the electronic file. These change pages are intended to highlight significant changes to the field guide and do not contain all of the details or minor changes. Introduction. Field Guide Layout. Made the following changes: Old text New text 0 General Description 0 General Description 1 Plot 1 Plot Level Data 2 Condition 2 Condition Class 3 Subplot 3 Subplot Information 4 Boundary 4 Boundary References 5 Tree Measurements 5 Tree Measurements and Sapling Data 6 Seedling 6 Seedling Data 7 Site Tree 7 Site Tree Information 8 Phase 2 Vegetation Profile (core 8 Phase 2 (P2) Vegetation Profile (core optional) optional) 9 Invasive Plants 9 Invasive Plants 10 Down Woody Materials 0.0 General Description. Paragraph 5, Defined NIMS (the National Information Management System). Also Figure 1. Figure 1 was replaced by a plot diagram including the annular ring. 0.2 Plot Integrity. Copied the following paragraph (as it appears in chapter 9) to the end of the section: “Note: Avoid becoming part of the problem! There is a risk that field crews walking into plot locations could pick up seeds along roadsides or other patches of invasive plants and spread them through the forest and on to the plot.
    [Show full text]
  • Guillermo Bañares De Dios
    TESIS DOCTORAL Determinants of taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity that explain the distribution of woody plants in tropical Andean montane forests along altitudinal gradients Autor: Guillermo Bañares de Dios Directores: Luis Cayuela Delgado Manuel Juan Macía Barco Programa de Doctorado en Conservación de Recursos Naturales Escuela Internacional de Doctorado 2020 © Photographs: Guillermo Bañares de Dios © Figures: Guillermo Bañares de Dios and collaborators Total or partial reproduction, distribution, public communication or transformation of the photographs and/or illustrations is prohibited without the express authorization of the author. Queda prohibida cualquier forma de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública o transformación de las fotografías y/o figuras sin autorización expresa del autor. A mi madre. A mi padre. A mi hermano. A mis abuelos. A Julissa. “Entre todo lo que el hombre mortal puede obtener en esta vida efímera por concesión divina, lo más importante es que, disipada la tenebrosa oscuridad de la ignorancia mediante el estudio continuo, logre alcanzar el tesoro de la ciencia, por el cual se muestra el camino hacia la vida buena y dichosa, se conoce la verdad, se practica la justicia, y se iluminan las restantes virtudes […].” Fragmento de la carta bulada que el Papa Alejandro VI envió al cardenal Cisneros en 1499 autorizándole a crear una Universidad en Alcalá de Henares TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 | SUMMARY___________________________________________1 2 | RESUMEN____________________________________________4
    [Show full text]
  • An Evaluation of Classification By
    AN EVALUATION OF Sachiko Nishida2 and Henk van der Werff 3 CLASSIFICATION BY CUTICULAR CHARACTERS OF THE LAURACEAE: A COMPARISON TO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY1 AN EVALUATION OF Sachiko Nishida2 and Henk van der Werff 3 CLASSIFICATION BY CUTICULAR CHARACTERS OF THE LAURACEAE: A COMPARISON TO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY1 ABSTRACT Cuticular characters are epidermal or stomatal characters and are often used in the taxonomy and classification of fossil or extant Lauraceae. However, there is no consensus on their usefulness, especially as to which characters take priority and at which taxonomic level. This study compared the cuticular characters of species within the Neotropical genera of the Ocotea Aubl. complex to the reported molecular phylogeny. Species of the following genera are included in this study: Aiouea Aubl., Aniba Aubl., Dicypellium Nees & Mart., Endlicheria Nees, Kubitzkia van der Werff, Licaria Aubl., Nectandra Rol. ex Rottb., Ocotea, Paraia Rohwer, H. G. Richt. & van der Werff, Pleurothyrium Nees, Rhodostemonodaphne Rohwer & Kubitzki, Umbellularia (Nees) Nutt., and Urbanodendron Mez. Species groups based on cuticular characters, especially characters of the stomata, agreed well with the various clades in the molecular phylogeny, but did not agree with species grouped according to the traditional generic concepts. Stomata characters showed little or no variation within the clades found in the molecular phylogeny. Because the number of character states is limited, cuticular features by themselves cannot be used to define genera or clades or will not allow the identification of specimens. Key words: Aiouea, Aniba, classification, cuticle, Dicypellium, Endlicheria, epidermis, Kubitzkia, Lauraceae, Licaria, Nectandra, Ocotea, Paraia, Pleurothyrium, Rhodostemonodaphne, stomata, Umbellularia, Urbanodendron. The pantropical family Lauraceae, which consists Rowett, 1996; Nishida & Christophel, 1999; Nishida of about 50 genera comprising 2500 to 3000 species, & van der Werff, 2007; Carpenter et al., 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny, Molecular Dating, and Floral Evolution of Magnoliidae (Angiospermae)
    UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SUD ÉCOLE DOCTORALE : SCIENCES DU VÉGÉTAL Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution DISCIPLINE : BIOLOGIE THÈSE DE DOCTORAT Soutenue le 11/04/2014 par Julien MASSONI Phylogeny, molecular dating, and floral evolution of Magnoliidae (Angiospermae) Composition du jury : Directeur de thèse : Hervé SAUQUET Maître de Conférences (Université Paris-Sud) Rapporteurs : Susanna MAGALLÓN Professeur (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) Thomas HAEVERMANS Maître de Conférences (Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle) Examinateurs : Catherine DAMERVAL Directeur de Recherche (CNRS, INRA) Michel LAURIN Directeur de Recherche (CNRS, Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle) Florian JABBOUR Maître de Conférences (Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle) Michael PIRIE Maître de Conférences (Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz) Membres invités : Hervé SAUQUET Maître de Conférences (Université Paris-Sud) Remerciements Je tiens tout particulièrement à remercier mon directeur de thèse et ami Hervé Sauquet pour son encadrement, sa gentillesse, sa franchise et la confiance qu’il m’a accordée. Cette relation a immanquablement contribuée à ma progression humaine et scientifique. La pratique d’une science sans frontière est la plus belle chose qu’il m’ait apportée. Ce fut enthousiasmant, très fructueux, et au-delà de mes espérances. Ce mode de travail sera le mien pour la suite de ma carrière. Je tiens également à remercier ma copine Anne-Louise dont le soutien immense a contribué à la réalisation de ce travail. Elle a vécu avec patience et attention les moments d’enthousiasmes et de doutes. Par la même occasion, je remercie ma fille qui a eu l’heureuse idée de ne pas naître avant la fin de la rédaction de ce manuscrit.
    [Show full text]
  • Enriquecimiento De Una Purma Baja Con Plantaciones De Rhodostemonodaphne Kunthiana (Nees) Rohwer Utilizando Cuatro Modalidades D
    Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Enriquecimiento de una purma baja con plantaciones de Rhodostemonodaphne kunthiana (Nees) Rohwer utilizando cuatro modalidades de tratamientos de plántulas en la zona de Satipo Bastidas Casas, Joyer Oscar Huancayo 2009 ____________________________________________________________________________________ Chavez, J. (2009). Enriquecimiento de una purma baja con plantaciones de Rhodostemonodaphne kunthiana (Nees) Rohwer utilizando cuatro modalidades de tratamientos de plántulas en la zona de Satipo (Tesis para optar el Título Profesional de Ingeniero en Ciencias Agrarias - Especialidad Ingeniería Forestal) Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú – Facultad de Ciencias Agraria – Huancayo – Perú. Enriquecimiento de una purma baja con plantaciones de Rhodostemonodaphne kunthiana (Nees) Rohwer utilizando cuatro modalidades de tratamientos de plántulas en la zona de Satipo Esta obra está bajo una licencia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Repositorio Institucional - UNCP ENRIQUECIMIENTO DE UNA PURMA BAJA CON PLANTACIONES DE Rhodostemonodaphne kunthiana (Nees) Rohwer UTILIZANDO CUATRO MODALIDADES DE TRATAMIENTOS DE PLÁNTULAS EN LA ZONA DE SATIPO Presentado por: Bach. BASTIDAS CASAS, Joyer Oscar Para optar el título profesional de: INGENIERO EN CIENCIAS AGRARIAS ESPECIALIDAD INGENIERIA FORESTAL SATIPO, PERÚ 2009 1 ASESOR ING. RUBÉN GELACIO CABALLERO SALAS 2 A mis Padres con todo cariño, con gratitud por sus consejos y apoyo desinteresado en mi superación 3 AGRADECIMIENTO Al Ing. Rubén Gelacio Caballero Salas,
    [Show full text]
  • Env Profile Nlstatia-07-2015-In Revision Oct 2015
    BEST III - Working document Remark: This document gathers information from the list of references previously validated for the island. It is a working document that will be implemented following your comments and corrections. It will be used as a guide during the consultation process that will involve local governments, institutions and organizations. The objectives are to identify and map Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) in order to define conservation outcomes. KBAs are defined at 3 ecological levels: (1) species, including: globally threatened species, restricted-range species, and species gathering in important number during their life cycle; (2) sites: habitats that are home to the species previously identified; habitats and ecosystems that play important ecological processes and contribute to the persistence of biodiversity ; (3) ecological corridors: inter-connected landscapes of sites. Regarding the information and references cited hereafter, a list of "potential KBAs" is proposed in App.2. This is a working process that will be validated through the consultation of local actors. Ecosystem profile draft -St. Eustatius IBA, Marine and Terrestrial National Parks Policy and Socioeconomic context Ø Political Status - St. Eustatius (also called "Statia") is located in the northern Lesser Antilles (17°30'N, 62°56'W), situated 25 km south-east from Saba and 13 km north-west of St. Kitts and Nevis islands. St. Eustatius, with the islands of St. Maarten and Saba, formed the Windward Islands of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Together with the islands of St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Eustatius lies on a sub-marine bank with a maximum of 180 m that constitute the St.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1 Introduction
    CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 General Natural products could be any biological molecule, but the term is usually reserved for secondary metabolites or small molecules produced by an organism.1 They are not strictly necessary for the survival of the organism but they could be for the basic machinery of the fundamental processes of life.2 Many phytochemicals have been used as medicines such as for cardiovascular drugs, reserpine and digitoxin which were isolated from Rauwolfia serpentine and Digitalis purpurea.3,4 The natural antimalarial drug, quinine from Cinchona species together with the synthetic drugs, chloroquine and antabrin are still widely used until today to treat malaria.5 Plants are of great importance to many local communities in Malaysia and Asia, either used as health supplements or for therapeutic purposes. Concoctions of several species in the form of jamu are consumed daily. Herbal medicine is now becoming more popular as alternative to western medicine and is now available in many forms. As a result, there has been rapid development of herbal industries utilizing locally available plants, either wild or introduced.6 Malaysian tropical forest is home to a large number of plants and considered to be one of the oldest and richest in the world. The rich Malaysian flora provides opportunities for the discovery of novel compounds, some of which could have useful bioactivities. The use of plant extracts and phytochemicals, both with known biological activities, can be of great significance in therapeutic treatments. Lauraceae plants are known to be prolific producers of many interesting alkaloids such as the rare proaporphine-tryptamine dimers; phoebegrandines A-B and (-)-phoebescortechiniine isolated from Phoebe grandis and Phoebe scortechinii, and bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids; oxoperakensimines A-C and 3, 4-dihydronorstephasubine isolated from Alseodaphne perakensis and Alseodaphne corneri 1 Chapter 1: Introduction respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Diversity and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Licaria, Nectrandra and Ocotea Species (Lauraceae) with Occurrence in Brazilian Biomes
    biomolecules Review Chemical Diversity and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Licaria, Nectrandra and Ocotea Species (Lauraceae) with Occurrence in Brazilian Biomes Júlia Karla A. M. Xavier 1 , Nayara Sabrina F. Alves 2, William N. Setzer 3,4 and Joyce Kelly R. da Silva 1,2,* 1 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-900, Brazil; [email protected] 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-900, Brazil; [email protected] 3 Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; [email protected] 4 Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 102, Lehi, UT 84043, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-91-3201-7297 Received: 26 April 2020; Accepted: 28 May 2020; Published: 5 June 2020 Abstract: Lauraceae species are known as excellent essential oil (EO) producers, and their taxa are distributed throughout the territory of Brazil. This study presents a systematic review of chemical composition, seasonal studies, occurrence of chemical profiles, and biological activities to EOs of species of Licaria, Nectandra, and Ocotea genera collected in different Brazilian biomes. Based on our survey, 39 species were studied, with a total of 86 oils extracted from seeds, leaves, stem barks, and twigs. The most representative geographic area in specimens was the Atlantic Forest (14 spp., 30 samples) followed by the Amazon (13 spp., 30 samples), Cerrado (6 spp., 14 samples), Pampa (4 spp., 10 samples), and Caatinga (2 spp., 2 samples) forests.
    [Show full text]