DOCSLIB.ORG

Game Theory Relaunched

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Game Theory Relaunched GAME THEORY RELAUNCHED Edited by Hardy Hanappi Game Theory Relaunched http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/2563 Edited by Hardy Hanappi Contributors Hardy Hanappi, Riccardo Alberti, Atulya K. Nagar, Eizo Akiyama, Ryuichiro Ishikawa, Mamoru Kaneko, J. Jude Kline, Naima Saeed, Odd I. Larsen, Sheng Zeng, Emmanuel Fernandez, Alberto Garcia-Diaz, Dong-Ju Lee, Mohamed Baslam, Rachid El-Azouzi, Essaid Sabir, Loubna Echabbi, El-Houssine Bouyakhf, Senka Hadzic, Shahid Mumtaz, Jonathan Rodriguez, Hisao Kameda, Anjiao Wang, Zhongxing Ye, Yucan Liu, Dariusz G. Mikulski, Antoniou Josephina, Lesta Papadopoulou Vicky, Libman Lavy, Pitsillides Andreas, David Schneider, A.M. Kowalski, A. Plastino, M. Casas, Alireza Chakeri, Nasser Sadati, Guy A. Dumont, Paul A. Wagner Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2013 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Oliver Kurelic Typesetting InTech Prepress, Novi Sad Cover InTech Design Team First published March, 2013 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected] Game Theory Relaunched, Edited by Hardy Hanappi p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-1078-1 Contents Preface IX Section 1 Game Theory in the Social Sciences 1 Chapter 1 The Neumann-Morgenstern Project – Game Theory as a Formal Language for the Social Sciences 3 Hardy Hanappi Chapter 2 Can Deterrence Lead to Fairness? 27 Riccardo Alberti and Atulya K. Nagar Chapter 3 Inductive Game Theory: A Simulation Study of Learning a Social Situation 55 Eizo Akiyama, Ryuichiro Ishikawa, Mamoru Kaneko and J. Jude Kline Chapter 4 A Tale of Two Ports: Extending the Bertrand Model Along the Needs of a Case Study 77 Naima Saeed and Odd I. Larsen Section 2 Game Theory in Engineering 105 Chapter 5 A Game Theoretic Approach Based Adaptive Control Design for Sequentially Interconnected SISO Linear Systems 107 Sheng Zeng and Emmanuel Fernandez Chapter 6 Models for Highway Cost Allocation 135 Alberto Garcia-Diaz and Dong-Ju Lee Chapter 7 A Game Theoretic Analysis of Price-QoS Market Share in Presence of Adversarial Service Providers 157 Mohamed Baslam, Rachid El-Azouzi, Essaid Sabir, Loubna Echabbi and El-Houssine Bouyakhf VI Contents Chapter 8 Cooperative Game Theory and Its Application in Localization Algorithms 173 Senka Hadzic, Shahid Mumtaz and Jonathan Rodriguez Section 3 Game-Theoretic Mathematics 189 Chapter 9 Models of Paradoxical Coincident Cost Degradation in Noncooperative Networks 191 Hisao Kameda Chapter 10 On the Long-Run Equilibria of a Class of Large Supergames 215 Anjiao Wang, Zhongxing Ye and Yucan Liu Chapter 11 Cooperative Trust Games 233 Dariusz G. Mikulski Chapter 12 A Graphical Game for Cooperative Neighbourhoods of Selfishly Oriented Entities 251 Antoniou Josephina, Lesta Papadopoulou Vicky, Libman Lavy and Pitsillides Andreas Section 4 Game Theory in Transdisciplinary Contexts 269 Chapter 13 Geometrical Exploration of Quantum Games 271 David Schneider Chapter 14 Physical Realization of a Quantum Game 293 A.M. Kowalski, A. Plastino and M. Casas Chapter 15 Nash Equilibrium Strategies in Fuzzy Games 309 Alireza Chakeri, Nasser Sadati and Guy A. Dumont Chapter 16 Game Theory as Psychological Investigation 325 Paul A. Wagner Preface The scientific discipline called game theory has now reached the age of 71, the age which reminds ordinary human individuals of retirement. Fortunately enough, profound scientific achievements do not lose their powers at the same speed as their human creators. If they provide exciting new ideas and are able to stimulate a broader scientific community, then they can become a public good, a precious intellectual heritage, which is passed on from generation to generation of researchers. And even if such theories are proven to be only special cases of a more general approach, or are even falsified, their preliminary impasses or mistakes are usually acknowledged as necessary steps towards state-of-the art knowledge. There is no need for a pension system; such a theory lives on as an ingredient of ever expanding human knowledge. When game theory entered the scientific arena in the 40s of the last century, it was a highly acclaimed new star. A star launched by one of the most admired mathematical geniuses of the century, John von Neumann. In contrast to these high aspirations, the name of the new discipline - ‘Game Theory’ – at first sight suggested that it might be not really a serious scientific project. It reminded of playing games, of card games like poker, or board games like chess, or even of children not being able to understand how to spend time in serious activities and thus having to train their abilities in metaphorical game play. The tension between the most stern and most abstract scientific discipline, mathematics, on the one hand, and on the other hand, the reference to the homo ludens, the fun of exploring reality by acting in sheltered simulated contexts, explains to some extent why game theory immediately was attractive to many young scientists on both sides of the Atlantic. It also explains why any attempt to change this name (some more ‘serious’ researchers have proposed to call it Theory of Strategic Behavior) should be avoided. Game theory still thrives on its ability to be sufficiently rigorous and open to a wide range of metaphorical game play at the same time. This is why it is so charming. Additional profile came from the science onto which its two creators, John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern, decided to graft the new apparatus: economic theory. After the Great Depression of the world economy in the 30s, few scientific disciplines were visibly in a more disastrous state than economics. In tight cooperation with the trained economist Morgenstern, the extremely ambitious John von Neumann jumped on this subject to revolutionize it. But in doing so, the two underestimated the X Preface resistance against deep changes, which is an unavoidable characteristic of established researchers trying to defend their own, with life-long great difficulties acquired, intellectual capital. The relatively sudden dismissal of game theory as a scientific fashion, immediately after John von Neumann’s death in the 50s, certainly has another root in the long-run upswing of a reconstructing world economy, which seemed to need no revolutionized economic theory. Some piece-meal social engineering based on Keynes ideas, plus the mathematical framework of Paul Samuelson’s ‘Neoclassical Synthesis’, seemed to be good enough to run the show. In economic theory, game theory was out, and left to some mathematical ‘nerds’ who were mainly elaborating refinements along the lines of John Nash’s equilibrium approach to game-theoretic questions. But ignorance of the economic mainstream could not kill the beast. The last three decades saw a slowly starting, but exponentially rising influence of game theory in surprisingly different fields of science. In its old domain, the social sciences (mainly political economy), it is now hard to imagine that an innovative paper can succeed without at least apologizing for why it doesn't use a more appropriate game-theoretic approach. But in many other areas – from biology via abstract network theory to ICT engineering – game-theoretic modeling has reappeared as an indispensable tool. This is the very reason why this book is called ‘Game Theory Relaunched’. Which parts of game theory are used, and which kind of further development is contributed to game theory by the respective research, does, of course, assume different forms, which in turn depends on the respective discipline. Game theory is still not a finalized body of knowledge – and (as chapter 1 argues) will not be for a very long time to come. Many existing textbooks on game theory therefore spend most of their pages on describing the very specific history of refinements of Nash’s equilibrium concept – and mention the actually happening renaissance of game-theoretic thought across different disciplines and engineering activities as an exotic outlier at best. The collection in this book takes a different perspective; it proceeds along the lines of currently developed game-theoretic work. At the current stage of the renaissance of game theory, all that can be done is to collect and to structure the diverse contributions: The book thus consists of four parts containing (1) social science oriented chapters, (2) chapters related to engineering problems, (3) chapters enhancing the mathematics of game theory, and (4) chapters that stress the transdisciplinary character of game theory. By working through this mosaic of building blocks of game theory, the reader can hopefully get an impression of the breadth and depth of the intellectual potential, which the founders of this theory had envisaged. All the chapters have been written by different authors spread all over the globe, and thus showing how international the game theoretic community already is these days.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Demographics and Development in the 21 Century Initiative Technical
    Demographics and Development in the 21st Century Initiative Technical Background Paper How Demographic Change Affects Development By Rachel Nugent and Barbara Seligman Abstract Demographics are of key importance to development, but this link is often ignored. Debates about population policy are stirring, with columnists and academics arguing about what lies ahead if global population challenges aren’t actively integrated into policy and planning processes. Population—the study of people using the tool of demography—is now appearing across development discourse, with policy implications that reach far beyond family planning and reproductive health. Population IS undeniably important—but how, for whom, and with what consequences is a complex story. Two things are certain: 1. Population issues in the 21st century are different from those in the last century. 2. With the development world midway through an uncertain effort to reach the Millennium Development Goals by 2015, population issues will be central to the success or failure of six of the eight goals. CGD has launched an initiative to examine the role of population in development that, through a series of lectures, will recast the current development agenda to include the broad implications of demographic change. This paper presents an overview of the impact that demographic changes will have on development over the first half of the 21st century by taking a close look at three demographic trends: fertility, mortality, and immigration; and examining how these will touch policy issues including poverty, public finance and infrastructure, and climate change. The Center for Global Development is an independent, nonprofit policy research organization that is dedicated to reducing global poverty and inequality and to making globalization work for the poor.
    [Show full text]
  • Participatory Research with Cambodian Refugee Women After Repatriation
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 1-1-1997 Whose oppression is this? : participatory research with Cambodian refugee women after repatriation. Phyllis Robinson University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 Recommended Citation Robinson, Phyllis, "Whose oppression is this? : participatory research with Cambodian refugee women after repatriation." (1997). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 2303. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/2303 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WHOSE OPPRESSION IS THIS? PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH WITH CAMBODIAN REFUGEE WOMEN AFTER REPATRIATION A Dissertation Presented by PHYLLIS ROBINSON Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION May 1997 School of Education Copyright 1997 by Phyllis Robinson All Rights Reserved WHOSE OPPRESSION IS THIS? PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH WITH CAMBODIAN REFUGEE WOMEN AFTER REPATRIATION A Dissertation Presented by PHYLLIS ROBINSON Approved as to style and content by: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS As I reflect on the embracing sense of community and empowerment that I experienced during my time at the Center for International Education (CIE) , I wish to express deep gratitude for the professors, staff and fellow students who made it possible. In particular, I want thank my long-time advisor and the chair of my dissertation committee, Bob Miltz. Throughout these six years his grounding in tangible field experience, coupled with patient guidance and care, has made this sometimes arduous undertaking not only bearable but uplifting.
    [Show full text]
  • A Farewell to Alms
    A Farewell to Alms: A Brief Economic History of the World Draft, 1 October 2006 Forthcoming, Princeton University Press, 2007 He is a benefactor of mankind who contracts the great rules of life into short sentences, that may be easily impressed on the memory, and so recur habitually to the mind --Samuel Johnson Gregory Clark University of California Davis, CA 95616 ([email protected]) 1. Introduction…………………………………….. 1-13 The Malthusian Trap: Economic Life to 1800 2. The Logic of the Malthusian Economy…………. 15-39 3. Material Living Standards……………………….. 40-76 4. Fertility………………………………………….. 78-99 5. Mortality………………………………………… 100-131 6. Malthus and Darwin: Survival of the Richest……. 132-152 7. Technological Advance…………………………..153-179 8. Preference Changes………………………………180-207 The Industrial Revolution 9. Modern Growth: the Wealth of Nations………… 208-227 10. The Problem of the Industrial Revolution……….. 228-256 11. The Industrial Revolution in Britain, 1760-1860…. 257-293 12 Social Consequences of the Industrial Revolution.. 294-330 The Great Divergence 13. The Great Divergence: World Growth since 1800.. 331-364 14. The Proximate Sources of Divergence…………... 365-394 15. Why Isn’t the Whole World Developed?.................. 395-420 16. Conclusion: Strange New World………………… 421-422 Technical Appendix……………………………... 423-427 References……………………………………….. 428-451 ii 1 Introduction The basic outline of world economic history is surprisingly simple. Indeed it can be summarized in one diagram: figure 1.1. Before 1800 income per person – the food, clothing, heat, light, housing, and furnishings available per head - varied across socie- ties and epochs. But there was no upward trend. A simple but powerful mechanism explained in this book, the Malthusian Trap, kept incomes within a range narrow by modern standards.
    [Show full text]
  • William Easterly's the Elusive Quest for Growth
    The Elusive Quest for Growth Economists’ Adventures and Misadventures in the Tropics William Easterly The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England 0 2001 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. Lyrics from ”God Bless the Child,” Arthur Herzog, Jr., Billie Holiday 0 1941, Edward B. Marks Music Company.Copyright renewed. Used by permission. All rights reserved. This book was set in Palatino by Asco Typesetters, Hong Kong, in ’3B2’ Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Easterly, William. The elusive quest for growth :economists’ adventures and misadventures in the tropics /William Easterly. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-262-05065-X (hc. :alk. paper) 1. Poor-Developing countries. 2. Poverty-Developing countries. 3. Developing countries-Economic policy. I. Title. HC59.72.P6 E172001 338.9’009172’4-dc21 00-068382 To Debbie, Rachel, Caleb, and Grace This Page Intentionally Left Blank Contents Acknowledgments ix Prologue: The Quest xi I Why Growth Matters 1 1 To Help the Poor 5 Intermezzo: In Search of a River 16 I1 Panaceas That Failed 21 2 Aid for Investment 25 Zntermezzo: Parmila 45 3 Solow’s Surprise: Investment Is Not the Key to Growth 47 Intermezzo: DryCornstalks 70 4 Educated for What? 71 Intermezzo: Withouta
    [Show full text]
  • English Selection 2018
    ISSN 2409-2274 NATIONAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY HIGHER SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS ENGLISH SELECTION 2018 CONTENTS HERBERT SPENCER: THE UNRECOGNIZED FATHER OF THE THEORY OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION ANATOLY VISHNEVSKY RETHINKING THE CONTEMPORARY HISTORY OF FERTILITY: FAMILY, STATE, AND THE WORLD SYSTEM MIKHAIL KLUPT GENERATIONAL ACCOUNTS AND DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND IN RUSSIA MIKHAIL DENISENKO, VLADIMIR KOZLOV CITIES OF OVER A MILLION PEOPLE ON THE MORTALITY MAP OF RUSSIA ALEKSEI SHCHUR ARMENIANS OF RUSSIA: GEO-DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS OF THE PAST, MODERN REALITIES AND PROSPECTS SERGEI SUSHCHIY AN EVALUATION OF THE PREVALENCE OF MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS IN RUSSIA USING INCIDENCE-MORTALITY MODEL RUSTAM TURSUN-ZADE • DEMOGRAPHIC REVIEW • EDITORIAL BOARD: INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL COUNCIL: E. ANDREEV V. MUKOMEL B. ANDERSON (USA) T. MALEVA M. DENISSENKO L. OVCHAROVA O. GAGAUZ (Moldova) F. MESLÉ (France) V. ELIZAROV P. POLIAN I. ELISEEVA B. MIRONOV S. IVANOV A. PYANKOVA Z. ZAYONCHKOVSKAYA S. NIKITINA A. IVANOVA M. SAVOSKUL N. ZUBAREVICH Z. PAVLIK (Czech Republic) I. KALABIKHINA S. TIMONIN V. IONTSEV V. STANKUNIENE (Lithuania) M. KLUPT A. TREIVISCH E. LIBANOVA (Ukraine) M. TOLTS (Israel) A. MIKHEYEVA A. VISHNEVSKY M. LIVI BACCI (Italy) V. SHKOLNIKOV (Germany) N. MKRTCHYAN V. VLASOV T. MAKSIMOVA S. SCHERBOV (Austria) S. ZAKHAROV EDITORIAL OFFICE: Editor-in-Chief - Anatoly G. VISHNEVSKY Deputy Editor-in-Chief - Sergey A. TIMONIN Deputy Editor-in-Chief - Nikita V. MKRTCHYAN Managing Editor – Anastasia I. PYANKOVA Proofreader - Natalia S. ZHULEVA Design and Making-up - Kirill V. RESHETNIKOV English translation – Christopher SCHMICH The journal is registered on October 13, 2016 in the Federal Service for Supervision of Communications, Information Technology, and Mass Media. Certificate of Mass Media Registration ЭЛ № ФС77-67362.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Uncertainty and Family Dynamics in Europe: Introduction
    Demographic Research a free, expedited, online journal of peer-reviewed research and commentary in the population sciences published by the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Konrad-Zuse Str. 1, D-18057 Rostock · GERMANY www.demographic-research.org DEMOGRAPHIC RESEARCH VOLUME 27, ARTICLE 28, PAGES 835-852 PUBLISHED 20 DECEMBER 2012 http://www.demographic-research.org/Volumes/Vol27/28/ DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2012.27.28 Research Article Economic uncertainty and family dynamics in Europe: Introduction Michaela Kreyenfeld Gunnar Andersson Ariane Pailhé © 2012 Kreyenfeld, Andersson & Pailhé. This open-access work is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 2.0 Germany, which permits use, reproduction & distribution in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author(s) and source are given credit. See http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/de/ Table of Contents Contributions to the Special Collection on Economic Uncertainty and 836 Family Dynamics in Europe 1 Background 837 2 Historical perspectives on economic conditions and family dynamics 837 3 Economic uncertainty and fertility during the 20th century 838 4 Is economic uncertainty a major cause of fertility change in the new 842 millennium? 5 Different uncertainties, different contexts 843 6 Review of contributions to the special collection 844 7 Conclusions 847 8 Acknowledgements 849 References 850 Demographic Research: Volume 27, Article 28 Research Article Economic uncertainty and family dynamics in Europe: Introduction Michaela Kreyenfeld1 Gunnar Andersson2 Ariane Pailhé3 Abstract Background Economic uncertainty has become an increasingly important factor in explanations of declining fertility and postponed family formation across Europe. Yet the micro-level evidence on this topic is still limited.
    [Show full text]
  • How Much Does Household Income Matter for Fertility Intentions in Bulgaria?
    How Much Does Household Income Matter for Fertility Intentions in Bulgaria? Christoph Bühler Rostock, March 1, 2005 To be presented at the 2005 Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, Session ‘Change and Continuity in Fertility Preferences’ Philadelphia, April 2, 2005 Christoph Buehler Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research Konrad Zuse Str. 1 D-18057 Rostock, Germany Tel: +49 (0)381/2081-174 Fax: +49 (0)381/2081-474 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Using data from the Bulgarian survey ‘The Impact of Social Capital and Coping Strategies on Reproduc- tive and Marital Behavior’ from 2002, the influence of households’ economic situations, measured by their monetary income and the share of income spent for food, on fertility intentions of individuals and couples is explored. The results show that men’s quantum related intentions to have a child and women’s tempo related reproductive plans are sensitive to the economic situations of their households. However, males and females from high-income households intend to postpone the birth of a first child. Higher levels of income and lower shares of income spent for food also increase the probability that both partners intend to have a second child in general. According to the timing of a second child however, a better economic situation of the household supports primarily males’ intentions to have this child soon. 2 1. Introduction Similar to other Central and Eastern European countries, Bulgaria went through a significant decline of fertility after the breakdown of the socialist regime in 1989. The Total Fertility Rate (TFR) decreased be- tween 1989 and 1997 from 1.90 to 1.09 and after a temporary increase it remains on a constant level of around 1.2 since 2000 (see figure 1a).
    [Show full text]
  • Agenda, Volume 11, Number 1, 2004, Pages 3-20
    Agenda, Volume 11, Number 1, 2004, pages 3-20 Ageing Economics: Human Capital, Productivity and Fertility Creina Day and Steve Dowrick long with many other advanced economies, Australia faces an ageing population as a result of declining fertility over the last few decades and A increasing longevity. The OECD (2003:1) is sounding the alarm on the economic effects of ageing, predicting falling living standards unless remedial policy action is taken. If nothing is done quickly to extend working lives, living standards will fall in the course of the coming decades. We know, because of the ageing of our population, that there will be fewer and fewer persons of working age to support more and more older people. For the OECD as a whole, the dependence ratio of older people (i.e. those aged 65 and over as a proportion of those aged 20-64) will rise from the current figure of 22 per cent to 46 per cent in 2050. Given current policy commitments to government funding of pensions and health and aged-care, the ageing of the population over the next fifty years is predicted to increase demands on the public purses of OECD countries by, on average, between six and seven percent of GDP (OECD, 2001b). The demographic changes facing Australia are likely to be slightly less severe than the OECD average. This is partly because the fertility rate amongst Australian women has not fallen as low as it has in many European countries, and also because Australia runs a relatively large immigration program. Projections in the inaugural Intergenerational Report (Commonwealth of Australia, 2002) suggest that the most likely outcome is a doubling in the aged dependency ratio (defined as the population aged over 64 relative to the population aged 15-64) from 19 per cent to 40 per cent over the next forty years.
    [Show full text]
  • Fertility and Prosperity: Links Between Demography and Economic Growth
    F42.qxp 14.10.2008 16:06 Seite 1 42 ifo Forschungsberichte Fertility and Prosperity: Links Between Demography and Economic Growth by Martin Werding Sonja Munz Vera Gács Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich Department of Social Policy and Labour Markets Fertility and Prosperity: Links Between Demography and Economic Growth by Martin Werding Sonja Munz Vera Gács Munich, October 2006 Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich Department of Social Policy and Labour Markets Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar ISBN-13: 978-3-88512-477-1 ISBN-10: 978-3-88512-477-7 Alle Rechte, insbesondere das der Übersetzung in fremde Sprachen, vorbehalten. Ohne ausdrückliche Genehmigung des Verlags ist es auch nicht gestattet, dieses Buch oder Teile daraus auf photomechanischem Wege (Photokopie, Mikrokopie) oder auf andere Art zu vervielfältigen. © by ifo Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, München 2008 Druck: ifo Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, München ifo Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung im Internet: http://www.ifo.de Foreword The present study reports on results emerging from the research project «Fertility and Prosperity: Links between Demography and Growth» that was commissioned to the Ifo Institute by Deutscher Arbeitskreis für Familienhilfe e.V., Kirchzarten, in December 2003. The study adopts a two-stage research strategy, comprising (a) a broad-based econometric investigation regarding potential long-term consequences of demographic change for the economic performance in developed as well as developing countries and (b) a survey of fertility outcomes and family policies in a limited number of developed countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Sharelatex Example
    Colonial Origins and Fertility: Can the Market Overcome History?∗ David Canning Marie Christelle Mabeu Roland Pongou December 24, 2019 Abstract Can market incentives overcome the long-term impact of historical institutions? We address this question by focusing on the role of colonial reproductive laws in shaping fertility behavior in Africa. Exploiting the arbitrary division of ancestral ethnic homelands and the resulting discontinuity in institutions across the British- French colonial borders, we find that women in former British areas are more likely to delay sexual debut and marriage, and that they have fewer children. However, these effects disappear in areas with exogenously high market access, where the op- portunity cost of childbearing appears to be high irrespective of colonizer identity. They are only present in areas with low market access, where economic opportuni- ties are scarcer. This heterogeneous impact of colonial origins remarkably extends to various measures of local economic development and household welfare. Examin- ing causal mechanisms, we find that the fertility effect of colonial origins is directly linked to colonial reproductive laws and their impact on the use of modern meth- ods of birth control. We rule out the impact of British colonization on income and women's human capital as the primary channels through which its fertility effect operates. By uncovering novel findings on the heterogeneous nature of the colonial origins of comparative fertility behavior and economic development, our analysis implies that appropriately designed economic incentives can overcome the bonds of historical determinism. Keywords: Fertility, Colonial Origins, Colonial Reproductive Laws, Market Access, Economic Development, Human Capital, Historical Determinism, Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Behavior and Some Thoughts on the Consequences on the Age Structure
    Evidences of further decline in Latin America - Reproductive behavior and some thoughts on the consequences on the age structure Laura L. Rodríguez Wong 1 Paper presented at the XXVI IUSSP International Population Conference (Marrakech, September, 2009) 1 Demographer of CEDEPLAR (Center for Development and Reginal Planning) / Department of Demography at the Federal University of Minas Gerais/Brazil - [email protected] The author have the support of the Brazilian National Council of Research and Technology (CNPq). Preliminary Version – Please do not cite or quote 1 CONTENTS ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION 1. THE SIZE OF THE NEW GENERATIONS IN LATIN AMERICA (2010-2050) 2. FERTILITY ESTIMATES 3. REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR AND PERSPECTIVES OF CHANGE IN THE FERTILITY TRENDS IN LATIN AMERICA. 3.1. The young fertility age pattern and early motherhood trends 3.2. Contraception and reproductive preferences 3. 3. Unsafe Abortion 3.4 Towards very low fertility levels in Latin America -Summing up evidences 4. VARIATIONS IN THE AGE STRUCTURE A CONSEQUENCE OF LOWER FERTILITY LEVELS BIBLIOGRAPHY ANNEXES 1 - Latin America and The Caribbean, 1985 -2005 - Human Development Index (HDI) , Total Fertility Rate and Gini Index 2 - The Caribbean, Central America and South America (1970-2050) - Relative variation of the size of population aged 0-4 according two hypothesis (1970=100%) 3 - Selected Latin American Countries: Proportion of childless women at ages 25-29 and 30-34 (Circa 2000-2005) 4 - World Health Organization estimates of annual incidence of unsafe abortion (circa 2003) 2 Abstract Fertility levels in Latin America have sustained a decline trend that started by early seventies in most of the countries in the Region.
    [Show full text]
  • Fertility in Advanced Societies: a Review of Research La Fe´Condite´ Dans Les Socie´Te´S Avance´Es: Un Examen Des Recherches
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Springer - Publisher Connector Eur J Population (2013) 29:1–38 DOI 10.1007/s10680-012-9277-y Fertility in Advanced Societies: A Review of Research La fe´condite´ dans les socie´te´s avance´es: un examen des recherches Nicoletta Balbo • Francesco C. Billari • Melinda Mills Received: 20 September 2011 / Accepted: 14 August 2012 / Published online: 12 September 2012 Ó The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract This paper provides a review of fertility research in advanced societies, societies in which birth control is the default option. The central aim is to provide a comprehensive review that summarizes how contemporary research has explained ongoing and expected fertility changes across time and space (i.e., cross- and within-country heterogeneity). A secondary aim is to provide an analytical synthesis of the core determinants of fertility, grouping them within the analytical level in which they operate. Determinants are positioned at the individual and/or couple level (micro-level), social relationships and social networks (meso-level); and, by cultural and institutional settings (macro-level). The focus is both on the quantum and on the tempo of fertility, with a particular focus on the postponement of childbearing. The review incorporates both theoretical and empirical contributions, with attention placed on empirically tested research and whether results support or falsify existing theoretical expectations. Attention is also devoted to causality and endogeneity issues. The paper concludes with an outline of the current challenges and opportunities for future research.
    [Show full text]