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Home , East Pool mine, History of Cornwall, John Opie, John Passmore Edwards, King Edward Mine, Laneast

A History of 2 A History of in 100 objects Pears Soap Tamar Valley ProtectionSociety, Shop Elliot’s Museum

Perranzabuloe Museum, Surfboards Inspired by, andpartof,theBBC’s sites, artgalleriesandhistorichouses. in thecounty’s museums,heritage the manyfascinatingobjectshoused explores Cornwall’s heritagethrough 100 Objects, 100 Further informationcanbefoundat: toseetheseobjectsondisplay.whole ofCornwall During 2011,visitorscangointomuseumsacross the county. 100 objectsexplore thepeople, placesandstoriesofthe objects large andsmallfrom theirhistoriccollections.The unexpected and quintessentially Cornish objects. unexpected andquintessentially Cornish Development Team. Ithasbrought tolightsomewonderful, The project hasbeenco-ordinated byCornwall’s Museum www.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk a From totheTamar, Porthcurno -gonisogethdresKernow antreth Cornwall -culturebeyondthebeach in 100 Objects 100 in Cornwall of History over 60 venues in Cornwall havecontributed over60venuesinCornwall History of the World in in World the of History

A Histo ry of

3 a history of cornwall in 100 objects 4 West Cornwall

TR19 6JX www.geevor.com TR19 7SXwww.nationaltrust.org.uk TR19 6JXwww.porthcurno.org.uk 3. ‘Viva Geevor’ T-shirt 01736 786156 regularly beseensteaming. engine inexistenceandstilloperates!Itcan mine Skip Shaft.ThisistheoldestCornish house atLevantMinetohaultheore outof Harvey’s ofHayleandinstalledinanengine This enginewasbuiltaround 1840by 2. MineEngine 01736 810966 until 1900. kept thisfascinatingdiaryfrom 1870 Spratt, AssistantSuperintendent, underwater telegraphcables.George world through 150,000milesof connected Britaintotherest ofthe TelegraphPorthcurno Station Once the‘NerveCentre of theEmpire’, Diary Spratt’s 1. 01736 788662 help andthemineclosedin 1990. to DowningStreet, didnot butthegovernment In 1986theminersandtheir supportersmarched campaign tohelpsavethe mine. tinmines–launched a‘VivaCornish Geevor’ Geevor TinMine–oneofthelastremaining In 1985theworldpriceoftincollapsedand

Levant Mine, nearPendeen Porthcurno Telegraph Museum Geevor Mine, Pendeen

TR18 5PZwww.newlynartgallery.co.uk TR19 7SXwww.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk TR19 6JXwww.geevor.com 01736 363716 on theoutsideofNewlynArt Gallery. Earth, Air, Water andFire were installed These copperplaques,representing and artisticpiecesfrom localcopper. fishing communitytocreate employment . Theyworkedwiththelocal community ofBritishartistsexistedin From the1880suntil1920sa 6. NewlynCopperPlaques 5. Quernstones 01736 788662 height. and hadanextendablelegforextra 1970s and80s.Itwaslighterthanothers ‘silver stoper’wasusedatGeevorinthe engineeringfirmHolman’s,Cornish this bythe MadeinCamborne Cornwall. ore-bearing rock from minesallover Stoping drillswere usedin extracting Drill Stoping 4. from thecovebelow. stone wouldhavebeensourced from theparishofZennor- These threecome quernstones -AgeCornish kitchen. and were avitalpartof andothergrains grinding corn werequernstones usedfor Over twothousandyearsago, 01736 796964

Wayside Museum, Zennor Museum, Wayside Geevor Tin Mine, Pendeen Pendeen Mine, Tin Geevor

5 West Cornwall 6 West Cornwall

Penlee House Gallery & Museum, Penzance Museum, & Gallery House Penlee TR18 4HE www.penleehouse.org.uk TR18 4HEwww.penleehouse.org.uk TR18 4HEwww.penleehouse.org.uk 9. FisherwomanonaBeach 01736 363625 1817. example ofhissafetylamp,manufactured around and rarelymines.Thisisanearly usedinCornish an inventionmadeprimarilytohelpcoalminers Davy, inPenzance,isbestknowntodayfor born It isstrangethatrenowned chemistHumphrey 8. DavySafetyLamp 01736 363625 play’. translates as‘PaulParish-fairplayisgood which ball isinscribedinCornish applewood withasilverouterskin.This1704 are thesizeofcricketballsandare madeof rugby andisstillplayedtoday. Hurlingballs Hurling wasCornwall’s nationalsportbefore Ball Hurling 7. 01736 363625 Beach of1885. iconic painting,FishSaleonaCornish early preparatory workleadingtohis British art.Thisimportantstudy isan painting, whichchangedthe courseof founder oftheNewlynSchool of The artistStanhopeForbeswasa Gallery & Museum, Penzance Penzance Museum, & Gallery House Penlee Penlee House Gallery & Museum, Penzance Penzance Museum, & Gallery House Penlee

TR17 0AP www.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk TR17 0HTwww.stmichaelsmount.co.uk TR17 0HTwww.stmichaelsmount.co.uk 01736 719411 owned. merchant wouldhave object thatarichMarazion It isexactlythesortof dates from the1690s. distances. MadeinSomerset,thisrare pot household itemsandtradedoverlong Brass cookingpotswere practical 12. CookingPot 01736 710507 took almost3yearstocomplete. It iscarvedfrom champagnecorksand this modelinthe1930s. St ’s Mountfor49yearsandmade St Aubyns.HenryLeewasthebutleron 350 years,thefamilyhomeof It hasbeenanabbey, afortress, andfor St Michael’s icon. MountisaCornish 11. CorkModel 01736 710507 fashionable portraitpainterfrom Cornwall. It waspaintedinthe1770sbyJohnOpie,a speaker,Cornish thoughopinionisdivided. gained thereputation ofbeingthelastnative fishwifewho . DollywasaCornish This portraitshowsDollyPentreath of 10. DollyPentreath

St Michael’s Mount Museum St Michael’s Mount

7 West Cornwall 8 West Cornwall

TR26 1PR www.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk TR26 1ADwww.tate.org.uk/stives/hepworth TR20 9DQwww.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk 01736 796226 beautifully carvedpieceofpolishedwalnutwood. (September),created1975. SingleForm in1961,isa from herstudioinStIvesfrom 1949untilherdeathin one ofBritain’s mostinfluentialsculptorsandworked acclaimedas Barbara Hepworthisinternationally 14. SingleForm 01736 710229 BBC radio. its ChristmasBethlehemplay, broadcast annuallyon the 1920swhenStHilarywasnationallyknownfor Christ astheGoodShepherd andprobably datesfrom by CaptainWillieHopesofStHilary. ItshowsJesus This paintedpanel,inthestyleoffolkart,wasmade HeritageCentre St Hilary Plaque Art Folk 13. Barbara HepworthSculptureGallery 01736 796005 fishermen where theshoalwas. bushes toindicatewaiting andsemaphoreand usehorns the cliff a‘huer’wouldcry‘Heva’ From agoodvantagepointon industryandpilchardsCornish were exportedworldwide. Until theearly1900spilchard fishingwasamajor Museum Ives St Bushes & Horn Huer’s 15.

Tate StIves

TR13 9RE www.nationaltrust.org.uk TR27 4DUwww.haylearchive.org.uk TR26 2HEwww.leachpottery.com 01736 763194 enjoyed thefashionsof day. fortune from tinminingandclearly coat ofarms.TheGodolphins madetheir and features thedolphinfrom thefamily Dutch tileisfrom oneoftheir48fireplaces the largest This 1690 houseinCornwall. In thelate17thcenturyGodolphinwas 18. Delft Tile 17. ScoriaBlock 01736 799703 Pottery. on displayattheLeach Leach’s potter’s wheel, The smallerpicture shows studio potteryintheworld. certainly themostinfluential the mostfamousand Hamada, theLeachPotteryinStIvesisprobably Founded in1920byBernardLeachandShoji 16. Leach’s Wheel the town. used toconstructmanybuildingsin at Haylewasshapedintoblocksand scoria from the Foundry called scoria.Until it closed in 1820, This process created awasteproduct smelted toproduce metals. Copper ores frommineswere Cornish 01736 753962

Godolphin House Community Archive Archive Community Hayle Leach Pottery, StIves

9 West Cornwall 10 West Cornwall

TR13 0ES www.poldark-mine.co.uk TR13 8THwww.cornwall.gov.uk TR13 0RU crew andpassengersonachair. wrecked shipandbrought ashore the fired betweenthecliffs andthe A rocket carrying a strong rope was lives ofmanythousands of people. Henry Trengrouse’s designsavedthe 01326 573173 a minerfrom . in 1902.ItwaswonbyJ.M. Rule, from footballgame thefirstinternational football toMexicoandthis medalis and gold.Theseminersintroduced communities inMexico,miningforsilver established thrivingCornish By 1874emigratingminershad 21. FootballMedal 01326 564027 HMS Inspired bywitnessing the wreck of 20. Trengrouse’s Rocket 01326 574274 grandfather’s invention. 1874 from theproceeds ofhis grandson bought Trevarno in became a global lifesaver. Bickford’s of injuries in Cornish mines and This greatly reduced the number steady rate to detonate explosives. In 1831 William Bickford patented the ‘safety furze’; a fuse which burned at a 19. Anson Bickford’s SafetyFuse

www.trevarno.co.uk in 1807, man , nearHelston

Helston Museum Museum Helston

Trevarno Estate, nearHelston

TR15 3ED www.nationaltrust.org.uk TR14 9DP TR14 9DP 01209 315027 315027 01209 24. MineEngineBoiler 01209 614681 the 1840s. minersin – apopulardestinationforCornish box isfrom MineralPointinWisconsin,USA culture.Cornish Thispasty-shapedmoney world, theytookwiththemelementsoftheir newly-discovered miningareas around the minersemigratedtoworkin When Cornish 23. MoneyBox 22. Tin Stamps 01209 614681 bytheendof19thcentury.Cornwall stamps. Theywere introduced into improvement onearlyCornish in Americathe1840s,were an developed duringthegoldrush stamps, mines. Californian used tocrushore from Cornish Stamps were large noisymachines boiler isfrom amineengineofthe1820s. than earlierdesigns.Thisearly Trevithick developed afarmore efficientsteamengine deeper. inventorRichard Cornish Trevithick 18th and19thcenturiesas mineswent mines becameagreat challengeinthe copper Pumping wateroutofCornish

www.kingedwardmine.co.uk www.kingedwardmine.co.uk

(formerly Cornish Minesand Engines) (formerly Cornish , near Camborne Camborne near Mine, Edward King

King Edward Mine, near Camborne Camborne near Mine, Edward King

11 West Cornwall 12 West Cornwall

TR16 4HN www.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk TR16 4HNwww.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk TR16 4HNwww.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk TR16 4HNwww.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk 01209 215084 defences. Hediariesrecord lifeinthetrenches. theGerman ‘sapper’. Hisjobwastotunnelunderneath miner, joined theFirstWorld War inFrance1915asa OldCornwallSociety. JohnFrench, Redruth-born Redruth Town Museum, nearRedruth Diaries French’s John 27. 01209 215084 minesandinventedhouseholdgaslighting. in Cornish inventor, heimproved theefficiencyofsteamenginesused William Murdoch cametoworkinRedruth.Aprolific Redruth OldCornwallSociety. In1779Scottishengineer Redruth Town Museum, nearRedruth 26. William MurdochBust 01209 215084 periodbetween3700and3400BC. have beendiscoveredBrea, atCarn datingfrom the Brea.stands thehillofCarn Hundreds offlintarrowheads Redruth OldCornwallSociety. SouthwestofRedruth Redruth Town Museum, nearRedruth Arrowheads 25. 01209 215084 black andgold. Twickenham ‘army’turned Championship andtheCornish shirt datesfrom wontheCounty 1991whenCornwall RugbyUnion ThisRoyalCornwall sport ofCornwall. Redruth OldCornwallSociety. Rugbyisthenowmain 28. RugbyShirt

Redruth Town Museum, nearRedruth

TR11 4LP www.englishheritage.org.uk TR11 5AAwww.constantineheritage.org.uk TR11 5AAwww.constantineheritage.org.uk 31. Wartime Cartoon 01326 340404 sculpture. In 2000AnnieMulaly, alocalartist,madethis the footballer, wasagraniteworkerallhislife. Harry Phillips,nicknamedDixafterDixieDean and bridgesofLondonexportedworldwide. Constantine; itwasshippedoutforthestreets Granite quarryingwasamajorindustryin 30. Dix 01326 340404 Centre. The chapelnowincludesConstantine’s Heritage used inthechapelatConstantineforbaptisms. moveable font,datingfrom about1880,was more thananyothercounty. This tookto in the18thcenturyandCornish introduced MethodismtoCornwall Constantine HeritageCentre Font Methodist 29. 01326 316594 is nowhousedatPendennnis. wartime cartoonsbyGeorge Butterworth harbour ofStNazaire. Thiscollectionof to destroy theGerman-occupiedFrench major assault was launched from Falmouth Second World War. In1942asuccessful playedasignificant partinthe Cornwall Constantine HeritageCentre

Pendennis Castle, Falmouth

13 MID Cornwall West Cornwall 14 MID Cornwall

TR11 3QY TR11 3QY TR11 3QY 34. Ellen MacArthur’s Food Food MacArthur’s Ellen 34. 01326 313388 as Curlew, servicedthesebiggerships. cargoes forthebestprice.Quaypunts,such ‘for orders’ tofindoutwhere totaketheir the world.ShipswouldcallintoFalmouth with consulatesandlanguagesfrom allaround In 1881Falmouthwasacosmopolitantown 33. Curlew 01326 313388 on aFalmouthpacketship. It maybeoneofthelastevercarried ‘HMS CraneLettersforEngland’. Empire. Thiscanvasmailbagreads ships ranregular mailservicestothe was theworld’s postofficeandpacket years, untilaround 1850, Falmouth For more thanahundred andfifty 32. MailBag 01326 313388 beyond the71days;thisone isforday74. solo voyage.DameEllenhad driedfoodtolastwell after arecord breaking 71-dayaround-the-world over 8000peoplewelcomed homeEllenMacArthur last portforshipsandadventuring sailors.In2005 Falmouth hasaplaceinhistoryforbeingthefirstor National Maritime Museum Cornwall, Falmouth

www.nmmc.co.uk www.nmmc.co.uk www.nmmc.co.uk National MaritimeMuseumCornwall, Falmouth National MaritimeMuseumCornwall, Falmouth

TR10 8LT www.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk TR10 8LT www.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk TR11 2RT 01326 372158 local clothingshop. Head oncestared outfrom thedoorofLavin’s, the off coastatthis time.ThisSaracen’s theCornish to piratesfrom NorthAfricawhooperated been thesymbolofPenryn town.Itisthoughttorefer Since theearly17thcentury, theSaracen’s Headhas Penryn Museum 37. Saracen’s Head Crest 01326 372158 stonework. tiles andpiecesofarchitectural in 2003revealed thesesignificant plays.Anexcavation many Cornish years anditwasthebirthplaceof dominated Penrynforalmost300 important ofCornwall’s religious institutions.Itschurch ,foundedin1265,wasoneofthemost 36. GlasneyCollegeFinds 01326 313863 of colour–inthiscasethered hat. He enlivenedhispictures withasplash became acelebratedmarineartist. of hisworkinglifeinFalmouthand Lighthouse. Hemylivedthelasthalf on hisfloatingstudiooff StAnthony picture in1890from sketchesmade Charles NapierHemypaintedthis 35. Along ShoreFishermen

www.falmouthartgallery.com Penryn Museum

Falmouth Art Gallery

15 MID Cornwall 16 MID Cornwall

TR6 0BW www.perranzabuloemuseum.co.uk TR6 0BWwww.perranzabuloemuseum.co.uk TR5 0PA www.stagnesmuseum.org.uk TR5 0PA www.stagnesmuseum.org.uk 01872 573321 the 9thArmyofUnitedStates,basedatPerranporth. the 3 year-old mascot of the 224th Battalion 29th Division of D-Day landings. This uniform belonged to Jacqueline Fewins, wasoneofthemain traininggrounds Cornwall forthe 1944 Perranzabuloe Museum, Perranporth 40. D-DayMascotUniform 01872 553228 centenary ofhisdeath. as wellmanymore around thecountry. 2011marksthe funded theconstructionoftwentypublicbuildingsinCornwall philanthropist. atBlackwaterandinhislifetime Hewasborn wasCornwall’s bestknown 39. PassmoreEdwardsBust 01872 553228 Professor ofPaintingattheRoyalAcademy. with thewealthyupperclasses.In1806,hewasappointed where hisstyleofportraitpaintingsoonbecamepopular nearStAgnesbutleftforLondon .Hewasborn This mahoganypaintboxbelongedtorenowned artist 38. Opie’s Paintbox 01872 573321 from thisfactorywhenitclosedin1918. founder oftheNobelPeace Prize.Thiswoodenstoolcame exported worldwide,andwas laterownedbyAlfred Nobel, It produced and dynamite,usedinminesCornwall In 1889anexplosivesfactory openednearPerranporth. 41. Stool Perranzabuloe Museum, Perranporth St. Agnes Museum St. Agnes Museum

TR8 4PG www.nationaltrust.org.uk TR8 5AAwww.dairylandfarmworld.com TR5 0PA www.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk TR6 0BW 01637 875404 from apubinNewquayandare overa100yearsold. skittles, often in pubs. These kayles probably came played nine-pin kayles, also known as keels or bowling onimmaculatelawns. Theworkingclasses Cornish gentry, like the Arundells of Trerice, enjoyed 45. CornishKayles 510246 01872 at Lostwithielandproduced 315gallonsofciderperhour. today. Thisapplemillandhorseround camefrom PillFarm and appleorchards were farmore commonthan theyare farmworkers Cider wasoncethestapledrinkofCornish 44. CiderMill 01637 873064 this souvenirchinaminiature. postcards ofNewquaywere showingbathinghuts,like became apopularholidaydestination.By1893 started runningpassengerservicesin1876, Newquay OldCornwallSociety. Whenthemineralrailway 43. SouvenirBeachHut 01872 573321 Tremewan, localbuilderandcoffinmaker. and early‘coffinboards’ were madeby Tom popular atPerranporthintheearly1920s in thecountry. Bellyboard surfingbecame hassomeofthebestsurfingbeaches Cornwall 42. Surfboards www.perranzabuloemuseum.co.uk Dairyland, nearNewquay Perranzabuloe Museum, Perranporth Trerice, nearNewquay Dairyland, nearNewquay

17 MID Cornwall 18 MID Cornwall

TR1 2SJ www.royalcornwallmuseum.org.uk TR1 2SJwww.royalcornwallmuseum.org.uk TR1 2SJwww.royalcornwallmuseum.org.uk 48. Rashleigh’s Mineral Collection 272205 01872 of Cornwall. quantities ofgoldhavebeenfoundinotherparts Sir ChristopherHawkinsofTrewithen. Small 1802. Itwaspresented towealthylandowner found intinstream worksnearLadockChurch in This necklacewasmadefromgold Cornish 47. GoldNecklace 272205 01872 2nd centuryAD. woman whodiedatTregony inthe cremated ashesofanelderyRoman recycled cookingpotscontainthe centres ofRomanBritain.Thesetwo was stillratherremote from themain trade intinandcopper, Cornwall With theexceptionofaflourishing 46. BurialUrns 01872 272205 272205 01872 1760s andcontinueduntil his deathin1811. near . Hestartedtocollectmineralsinthe collections belongedtoPhilip RashleighofMenabilly many mineralcollectors.Oneofthemostsignificant Cornwall’s richanddiversemineralwealthattracted Museum, Cornwall Royal Royal Cornwall Museum, Truro Truro Museum, Cornwall Royal Royal Cornwall Museum, Truro Truro Museum, Cornwall Royal

was wrecked atPortscatho. commemorative chinaset, TR2 4QS www..org.uk/heritage_project TR2 5EFwww.gerransheritage.co.uk TR2 5EFwww.gerransheritage.co.uk 01726 882734 Croggon’s shopdisplay. These children’s bootscomefrom tannery.traditional Cornish 2002 andwasthelastsurviving Grampound workedfrom 1712to and exportedleatherworldwide.Croggon’s Tannery in Grampound wasonceahubforproducing leatherinCornwall 51. Croggon’s Boots 580588 01872 Hirschberg Carl many shipswere sunk.The by freak snowstorms,and Trains andlivestockwere buried was hitby‘TheGreat Blizzard’. In March 1891theWest Country 50. SouvenirChina 580588 01872 made intwopieces. . Unlikehorseshoes,oxshoeswere was foundatTregaire Farmintheparishof horses andtractors.Thispairofoxshoes the 1850s,whentheywere replaced by farmsfromCornish medievaltimesuntil Oxen were themainbeast ofburden on 49. OxShoes , shownonthis

Gerrans Heritage Centre Centre Heritage Gerrans Gerrans Heritage Centre Centre Heritage Gerrans Grampound withCreedHeritageCentre

19 MID Cornwall 20 MID Cornwall

PL26 6QR www.mevagisseymuseum.co.uk PL26 6QRwww.mevagisseymuseum.co.uk PL26 6LY www.caerhays.co.uk TR2 4DDwww.trewithengardens.co.uk 01726 843568 843568 01726 it toJohnwhomadeintoacoverforstool. City, USA.John’s motherembroidered thiseagleandsent builder, setupasuccessfulbuildingbusinessinKansas in search ofabetterlife.JohnVarcoe, a Mevagissey In the19thcentury, itwasnotonlyminerswholeftCornwall 54. FootStool 01872 501310 plants forJ.C.WilliamsofCaerhays. George Forrest whilsttravelling theworldcollecting HenryWilsonand by noted‘planthunters’Ernest inthe19thandearly20thcenturies.Thisboxwasused1900s Cornwall New andexoticvarietiesoftrees andplantswere beingintroduced into 53. Tree Box 01726 882763 fashionable HawkinsfamilyofTrewithen. 18th century. Itoncereflected thecolourfullivesof original placeatTrewithen Houseanddatesfrom theearly This Georgian mirror isoneofapairthatstillhangsinits 52. Mirror 01726 843568 Soap whichsoonbecame ahouseholdname. making rouges, creams and soaps.HeinventedPears to seekhisfortuneandbegan toexperimentwith as ahairdresser inFowey in1789.HewenttoLondon Andrew in Mevagisseyandapprenticed Pearswasborn 55. PearsSoap Trewithen House, nearGrampound , near Gorran Gorran near Castle, Caerhays Mevagissey Museum Mevagissey Museum

PL26 6EN 58. CornishPorcelain 0845 2411122 and chinaclayworkers. set upbyWalter Hicksin1851toserveminers were alsoneededwhenStAustellBrewery was pilchards andchinaclay. Askilledtrade,coopers products,the exportofmanyCornish including The barrel-making skillsofacooperwere vitalfor 57. Cooperand Tools 56. Wine Bottle 845100 01726 pioneers. The Tremaynes were Victorian garden to prevent thewinebecoming‘corked’. Tremayne familyandwouldhavebeenstored onitsside Dating from thelate18th century, ithasthecrest ofthe This typeofglasswinebottleiswellknowninCornwall. 01726 850362 industry.is stillamajorCornish porcelain. Alongsidetourism,chinaclay very importantinthecreation ofEnglish These earlyexperimentalpieces were between 1768and1780. chinaclay,one ofthefirstmadeCornish This blueandwhitechinacupsaucerwas PL26 8XG PL25 4BYwww.staustellbrewery.co.uk

www.wheal-martyn.com www.heligan.com

Heligan Gardens, nearPentewan Brewery , nearSt Austell

21 MID Cornwall 22 MID Cornwall

PL25 3NJ www.shipwreckcharlestown.com PL26 8XG from thewreck ofthe life-saving device.Thisbeam support Henry Trengrouse, toinventaglobal lives. Thewreck inspired awitness, near Helstonwiththelossofover100 recently restored. PL26 8XG 61. HMS Anson Beam Support Support Beam Anson HMS 61. 850362 01726 today. founded in1848andstillplaying comes from theBugleSilverBand, the 19thcentury. cornet Thismodern and brassbandsbecamepopularin china clayandminingareas, silver In theindustrialheartlandsof lifeandculture.Music hasalwaysbeenamainstayofCornish 60. Cornet 01726 850362 clay from thechinaclayindustry. some were madefrom wastesandand with thenameofbrickworksand bricks.BrickswereCornish stamped houseswereCornish alsobuiltof the 16thto20thcenturies,many butfrombuilding stoneofCornwall, Granite haslongsincebeentheiconic 59. CornishBricks 01726 69897 In 1807theSailingShipHMS Shipwreck&Heritage Centre Charlestown

www.wheal-martyn.com www.wheal-martyn.com

Wheal Martyn, nearSt Austell Anson was Anson Wheal Martyn, nearSt Austell ranaground

PL22 0BW www.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk PL22 0BWwww.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk PL23 1AT www.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk PL23 1AT www.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk 01208 873341 celebrated the800thanniversary ofLostwithiel. Mr R.Santo,wereat the1989Gorseddwhich worn language. TheseGorsedd robes, whichbelongedto throughspirit ofCornwall literature, music,historyand Gorseddexiststomaintainthenationalceltic The Cornish 65. GorseddRobes 64. Crucifixion Figure 63. Turpin’s Caulking Tools 01726 852458 filled upwithotherinteresting rubbish. menusoftheday!Overtime,thishas Cornish analysis provides afascinatinginsightintothe of amedievalgarderobe –atoilet!Scientific During arecent excavation inFowey, archaeologists discovered thecontents 62. ContentsofaGarderobe 01726 852458 the timberplankswere fullywaterproofed. building process, ensuringthatthegapsbetween and chinaclay. Caulkingwasapartoftheboat- were ingreat demandtoexportCornwall’s copper, tin Mr Turpin wasaboatbuilderinFoweythe19thcenturyattimewhenships 01208 873341 again until1994,hiddeninadesk. It wasfoundinafieldnearLostwithiel1894andthen lost important exampleofmedievalartandreligion inCornwall. crucified JesusChrist,from thelate12thcentury, isan Although therightarmismissing,thisgildedfigure ofthe Museum Lostwithiel Museum Fowey Museum Fowey Museum

23 MID Cornwall 24

PL28 8RP PL28 8ALwww.padstowmuseum.co.uk PL28 8ALwww.padstowmuseum.co.uk 68. BevilGrenville 01841 532752 This osswasusedfrom 1948until1975. ‘osses’ inthecelebrations,onered andoneblue. the arrivalofsummer. There are nowtwohorsesor most famousandenduringfolkcustoms,celebrating May DayfestivitiesinPadstoware oneofCornwall’s 67. ObbyOss 01841 532752 skeletons were found. and pins,severalcompletehuman onwards. Aswellasadagger, brooches peoplefromCornish theBronze Age insight intothelivesanddeathsof This cemeteryprovides aninteresting discovered atHarlynBay nearPadstow. In 1900anancientcemeterywas Finds 66. HarlynBayCemetery 01841 532411 family homeinNorthCornwall. The portraitcametoPrideaux Placefrom theGrenville the battlesofBraddockDown andStratton. 1643 nearBathafterremarkablesuccesses at Cornish Cornwall’s best-lovedRoyalistleader. Hewaskilledin During theEnglishCivilWar, BevilGrenville was

www.prideauxplace.co.uk

Padstow Museum Museum PrideauxPlace, Padstow Padstow Museum

PL31 2HQ www.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk PL31 2HQwww.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk PL31 2HQwww.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk 01208 77067 the 1890s,wastypicalfor a femalepatient. mental healthhavechanged. Thisdress, from men andwomen.Thankfully, todayattitudesto enough tostrikefearintotheheartsofCornish Lunatic Asylum,laterStLawrence’s Hospital,was Once themere whisperofthenameBodmin’s 71. Asylum Dress 01208 77067 Bellings livedandworkedinBodmin. Fivegenerationsof became athrivingtradeinCornwall. first JohnBellingatBodminin1753andclock-making brand.Thisclockwasmadebythe an international From clockstoBabyBellingcookers,isnow 70. BellingClock 77067 01208 . arms comesfrom theoldFlamankhomenear – hung,drawnandquartered. Thiscoatof Defeated, theysuffered thedeathoftraitors rebelLondon attheheadofaCornish army. Flamank andMichaelAnGofmarched on In 1497,outragedbytaxincreases, Thomas 69. FlamankCoatof Arms Bodmin Town Museum Museum Town Bodmin Bodmin Town Museum Bodmin Town Museum

25 NORTH Cornwall 26 NORTH Cornwall

Cornwall’s RegimentalMuseum, Bodmin PL30 5AD PL31 1AQwww.bodminandwenfordrailway.co.uk PL31 1EGwww.cornwalls-regimentalmuseums.org 74. Atlas 01208 73555 andPadstow. Express Servicefrom Waterloo to in 1899,workedtheAtlanticCoast This DrummondT9locomotive,built asatouristdestination. Cornwall end ofthe19thcenturyopenedup The comingoftherailwayat 73. SteamLocomotive 72810 01208 be madefrom theuniformsoffallensoldiers. damage tothiscradleoccurred andthequiltissaidto During this‘SiegeofLucknow’,itisreputed that trapped forfivemonthsinsideaBritishCompound. Regiment ofFootdefended510womenandchildren In 1857, during the Indian Rebellion, the 32nd Cornwall (formerly DukeofCornwall’s LightInfantryMuseum) Quilt Patchwork and Cradle 72. 01208 265950 parishes inCornwall. owned landinoverhalfthe House. Atthattime,thefamily Robartes familyofLanhydrock belonging tothewealthy dates from themid1690sandshowsland The Lanhydrockaccurately mapCornwall. Atlas Joel Gascoynewasoneofthefirstpeopleto

www.nationaltrust.org.uk

Lanhydrock House Bodmin and Wenford Railway

PL34 0BD www.nationaltrust.org.uk PL34 0BDwww.nationaltrust.org.uk PL32 9PLwww.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk 01840 770024 770024 01840 cakes andbread. again andusedtobake oven isnowbeingfired up Office inTintagel,thecloam until the1930s.AtOld Post kitchen fireplaces inCornwall were astandard fittingformany Cloam orearthenware ovens 77. CloamOven 770024 01840 could beboughtfor£150. only nineortenvotersandvotes hall atTintagel.There were usually MPs andheldelectionsintheoldtown the Borough ofBossiney(BB)hadtwo than anyotherEnglishcounty. Until1832, had44MPs-moreAt onetimeCornwall OldPost Office 76. ElectionDecanterandGlasses 212954 01840 employer. The quarryisstillthemainlocal in theproduction of78RPMrecords. other itemsincludingrolling pinsand used onroofs, slatewasusedfor around theworld.Aswellasbeing quarried atDelaboleandexported For hundreds ofyears,slate hasbeen 75. DelaboleSlate Tintagel OldPost Office North Cornwall Museum, Camelford Museum, Cornwall North

27 NORTH Cornwall 28 NORTH Cornwall

PL15 8BA www.lawrencehousemuseum.org.uk PL32 9YFwww.cornwallatwarmuseum.co.uk PL35 0HDwww.museumofwitchcraft.com 80. SilverPenny 01208 816311 time served-onediamondperyear. coloured armbandwasawarded for during bothWorld Wars. Abrightly onfarmsinCornwall Cornishwomen Women from citiesworkedalongside replace themenwhohadgonetowar. as ‘LandGirls’,workedinfarmingto The Women’s LandArmy, alsoknow 79. Armbands 01840 250111 superstitious. the weather for Cornish fishermen, who were very 1905. She earned money by using it to forecast used byawisewomanlivinginPenzanceabout small bottle of mercury and its ring of shells, was mystical metal, beloved of witches and sages. This Mercury, or quicksilver, was regarded as a living Museum of Witchcraft, Bottle78. Mercury 01566 773277 773277 01566 Cornish. a castleinLauncestontosubdue the this across thewholeofEnglandandbuilt William theConquerer issuedcoinslike Launceston. Followinghisvictoryin1066, its owncoins.Thispennywasmadein minted A thousandyearsagoCornwall Airfield Airfield Davidstow Lawrence HouseMuseum, Launceston

PL15 8BA www.lawrencehousemuseum.org.uk PL15 8BAwww.lawrencehousemuseum.org.uk PL15 8BAwww.lawrencehousemuseum.org.uk 01566 773277 sculptorofthetime. Cornish was madebyNevilleNorthey Burnard,awell-known discovery oftheplanetNeptune in1846.Thisbust near Launceston,wasjointlycredited withthe The astronomer JohnCouchAdams,from Lawrence HouseMuseum, Launceston Bust Adams Couch John 83. 773277 01566 model. such asthisverydetailedship made itemsfrom animalbone, a littlemoney, themenoften To passthetimeandtoearn French prisonersofwarwere heldatLawrence HouseinLaunceston. The Napoleonicwarsoftheearly1800shadagreatand impactonCornwall Bone ShipModel 82. 01566 773277 the lion. Launceston Priory, showshiscoatofarms– was atLauncestonandthisfloortile,from King HenryIII.Richard’s base Cornish in andtheyoungerbrother of 1272, wasoneofthemostpowerfulmen Richard, from EarlofCornwall 1227until 81. Floor Tile Lawrence HouseMuseum, Launceston Lawrence HouseMuseum,Launceston

29 NORTH Cornwall 30 NORTH Cornwall

fish isfoundnowhere elseintheworld. EX23 8LGwww.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk EX23 8LGwww.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk EX23 8LG www.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk 86. SouvenirChina 01288 357300/2 House ofCommonsfor60years. end ofthe19thcenturyandlit used toilluminatetheatres untilthe bright light,‘limelight’.Limelightwas oxy-hydrogen blowpipeproduced a Gurney, inBude1793,this born of thescientistSirGoldsworthy One of the remarkable achievements 85. Oxy-hydrogenBlowpipe 357300/2 01288 Budensis Cornuboniscus classified asauniquenewspecies, old, were discovered nearBudeand a fishoverthree hundred millionyears In the1930s,fossilizedremains of 84. FossilFish 01288 357300/2 made inGermany. of thesepieceswere actually selling thesekeepsakes.Many was athrivinglocalindustry resorts,as inotherCornish there By thelate19thcenturyin , with thenameoftheirholidaylocation. taking homesouvenirchinadecorated The Victorians andEdwardians enjoyed . Bude’s fossil Castle HeritageCentre, Bude Castle HeritageCentre, Bude Castle HeritageCentre, Bude

PL13 1BP www.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk PL13 2RBwww.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk PL13 2RBwww.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk 01503 262070 about 2,000yearsold. this tiningotisthoughtto be from theseabedoff Island, wine. Recovered byalocaldiver and importedluxurygoods suchas copper throughout theRomanEmpire traded tinand early tintrade.Cornwall This ingotisevidenceofCornwall’s 89. Ingotof Tin 01503 272427 body wasfound. that anymanlostatseacouldbeidentifiedifhis so Each familyhadtheirowndedicatedpattern employed inthevillageasknitters. the mid19thcentury, 28womenandgirlswere style ofknittedjumpersknownas‘knitfrocks’. In The fishingvillageofPolperro hadtheirveryown MuseumofSmugglingandFishing 88. PolperroKnitfrock 01503 272427 contraband off Polperro in1802. from acustom’s shipwhilstunloading Mark, whowaskilledbyacannonball tobacco. Thissword belongedtoRobert for bringingashore contrabandgoodssuchasbrandy, teaand the late1700sandPolperro’s isolatedpositionmadeitideal smugglingreachedDue toheavytaxes,Cornish itspeakin Polperro MuseumofSmugglingandFishing 87. Smuggler’s Sword

Looe Museum

31 south east Cornwall 32 south east Cornwall

PL14 3JE www.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk PL14 3JEwww.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk PL14 3JEwww.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk 92. Miner’s Hat& Balmaiden’s Clogs 01579 346087 of thepoor. insanitary, over-crowded conditions he recorded hisinspectionsofthe In notebookscalled‘nuisancebooks’, town anddesigningmanynewbuildings. , bringingpipedwaterandsewerstothe In the 1800s, social campaigner Henry Rice transformed 91. Rice’s NuisanceBook 01579 346087 is alsostillinplace. which madeitmore comfortabletowear, off themetal,hassurvived.Thepadding, camouflage, whichprevented thelight reflecting The helmetisunusualbecausethecloth battle ofBraddockDownin1643. a Parliamentariansoldierwhofoughtatthe This helmetbelongedtoMajorThomasJohnson, 90. Civil War Helmet 01579 346087 minesandrequiredCornish heavy-dutyfootwear. girls calledbalmaidensworked onthesurfaceof these hardened felthats,or‘tulls’.Women and early 19thcentury. Forprotection, minerswore copperminingwas atitspeakinthe Cornish Liskeard andDistrictMuseum

Liskeard andDistrictMuseum Liskeard andDistrictMuseum

PL12 6TA PL17 7HAwww.callingtonheritage.org.uk PL14 3JEwww.visitcornwallmuseums.co.uk 01579 351346 twelve Apostles. hand stitchedandshowsJesus andthe 16th century. Ithasbeenpainstakingly which survivedtheReformation ofthemid and isarare exampleofanaltarfrontal Edgcumbe FamilyofCotehelearound 1500 This intricatetextilepiecewasmadeforthe 95. Edgcumbe Altar Frontal 01208 821215 social occasion. sports usuallyfollowed,makingforagrand Methodist chapel’s ownchina.Gamesor and ahighteawasservedusingthelocal 19th century. Everyonewore theirbestclothes inthe anticipated daysoftheyearinCornwall Chapel teasor‘teatreats’ were oneofthemost 94. Tea Treat China 01579 346087 business toLiskeard. who subsequentlyrelocated their and SonofStAustellin1870 backs. ItwasfirstusedbyMichell studio prop andhadinterchangeable emigrated overseas.Thischairwasa an importantwayofstayingintouchasmore people andbecame Photography startedearlyinCornwall 93. Photographer’s Chair

www.nationaltrust.org.uk HeritageCentre

Liskeard andDistrictMuseum House

33 south east Cornwall 34 south east Cornwall

PL12 6JQ PL12 6JQwww.saltash-heritage.org.uk PL12 6TA Plymouth. and operatingasasalvagevesselin prospecting fortininStIvesbay life includingtransportingfertiliser, and hadacolourful70yearworking Tamar barge. Shewasbuiltin1899 98. Elliot’s Shop 01752 848466 buttons andchildren’s toys. marbles, claypipeends,coins, such asbeads,broken china, 1913. Sweptupwiththemanure were items fertiliser inthefieldsaround SaltashandCalstockuntil farmersandusedas was muchsoughtafterbyCornish Horse dungfrom thestreets around DevonportDock Centre Saltash HeritageMuseumandLocalHistory 97. DockDung 01579 351346 Shamrock 96. Shamrock 01752 843388 high businessrates. shopkeeper, blameddecimalization and 70 yearsoftrading;Frank Elliot, thelast It finallycloseditsdoorsin 1973after products stirfondmemories. be. Frozen intime,thesebrandsand usedto us howshoppinginCornwall Elliot’s shop–nowamuseumreminds

isthelastsurvivingRiver www.nationaltrust.org.uk www.tamarprotectionsociety.org.uk

Cotehele Quay Tamar Valley ProtectionSociety, Saltash

PL10 1HZwww.plymouth.gov.uk/mountedgcumbe PL11 2QAwww.nationaltrust.org.uk 01752 822236 and anotheroftheservants,around 1840. of MountEdgumbeestate,includingthisone artist NicholasCondypaintedmanypictures but were seldomshowninpaintings.Noted workforce onthelarge estates inCornwall domestic servantswere asignificant In the19thcentury, estateworkersand Mount Edgcumbe, near Kitchen a in Workers Estate 100. 812191 01752 Cornwall. one ofthemostimportantstudieshistory and recreations ofitsinhabitants.Thisisthefirstand landscapeandtheoccupations in detailtheCornish Antony Housein1555.His1602Surveydescribes Elizabethan gentlemanRichard Carewat wasborn 99. RichardCarew Some objectsmaybeviewedbyappointmentonlyout ofseason. Bernie Petterson,TheNational TrustBernie Picture Libraryandindividualmuseums. Please checkopeningtimesdirectly witheachvenue. Cornwall’s Museum Development Team on on Team Development Museum Cornwall’s [email protected] [email protected]

For further informationpleasecontact Image copyright Antony House,Antony near Torpoint :

35 south east Cornwall Zennor

Porthcurno Pendeen Zennor Newlyn Bude A History of Penzance St Michael’s Mount Marazion Boscastle St Hilary Davidstow Tintagel St Ives Camelford Launceston Haylyle Godolphin Padstow HelstoHelston Camborne Callington Bodmin PPoolool Lanhydrock Cotehele Newquay Liskeard RRedrutedruth Lostwithiel Saltash CConstantineonstantine Perranporth St Austell Torpoint Charlestown FFalmouthalmouth St Agnes Grampound Looe PPenrynenryn Truro Polperro Fowey St AAgneAgnesgnes St Ives Redruth Mevagissey Pool Gorran PPerranportherranporth Zennor Camborne NNewquayewquay Pendeen Hayle Gerrans Penryn Truro Marazion Godolphin St Hilary Falmouth GGerranserrans Penzance Constantine Newlyn St Michael’s Helston Grampound Mount GGorraGorranorrann Porthcurno MMevagisseyevagissey PPentewanentewan SStt Austell CCharlestownharlestown FFoweyowey LLostwithielostwithiel PPadstowadstow BodBodmiBodminmin LLanhydranhydroockck CCamelforamelford Tintagel Boscastlecastlecastle Davidstostotow Launcestontonton Bude Polperro Looe Liskeard Callington Cotehele Saltash Torpoint