Taxonomic Revision of the Tribe Danaini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danainae) from Myanmar

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55 HOSTED BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect 56 57 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 58 59 60 journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/japb 61 62 63 Original article 64 65 1 Taxonomic revision of the tribe Danaini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: 66 2 67 3 Danainae) from Myanmar 68 4 69 a a a b a,* 5 Q4 Nan Zarchi Win , Eun Young Choi , Jong Bong Choi , Jinyoung Park , Jong Kyun Park 70 6 a 71 7 College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea b Department of Nature Survey, National Institute of Ecology, Seocheon, Republic of Korea 72 8 73 9 74 10 article info abstract 75 11 76 12 Article history: The tribe Danaini is reviewed for the first time from Myanmar. Ten species of four genera belonging to 77 13 Received 29 September 2016 two subtribes are taxonomically described. Identification keys for the subtribes, the genera, and all 78 14 Received in revised form species are provided. The adult illustrations for all examined species are also presented. 79 8 November 2016 15 Copyright Ó 2017, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). 80 Accepted 11 November 2016 16 Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// Available online xxx 81 17 creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 82 18 Keywords: 83 19 butterfly 84 20 Danaini 85 Danainae 21 86 Myanmar 22 87 23 88 24 89 25 Introduction Myanmar is one of the biologically diverse countries in main- 90 26 land Southeast Asia and rich in biodiversity. However, the butterfly 91 27 Danainae (milkweed butterfly) is a small subfamily in the is a poorly studied group in the fauna of Myanmar (Win et al. 2015, 92 28 diverse family Nymphalidae. It comprises 504 species belongings to 2016). As a part of British India, some species of Danaini butterflies 93 29 about 60 genera and three tribes, according to the latest version of of Myanmar had been studied during colonial time by Marshall and 94 30 the classification of Nymphalidae (Nymphalidae Systematics Group de Niceville (1882), Bingham (1905), and Talbot (1947). However, 95 31 2016). They are large and mainly tropical butterflies with a more recently, little is known about butterflies of Myanmar despite 96 32 disagreeable taste that protect them from predators (Byun and Kim being estimated to have 1197 species of butterflies (Kinyon 2004). 97 33 2015). In the past, owing to several distinct characteristics, espe- Likewise, there is no detailed taxonomic study of Danainae but- 98 34 cially in scent organs, acrid juices, general wing pattern, and host of terflies of Myanmar. In the present review of the tribe Danaini, 10 99 35 larvae, some authors had placed Danainae as a separate family species were recognized, namely, Danaus chrysippus chrysippus 100 36 Danaidae. However according to certain characters in common, Linnaeus, Danaus genutia genutia Cramer, Tirumala limniace lim- 101 37 they are now classified as a subfamily within the family Nympha- niace Cramer, Tirumala septentrionis septentrionis Butler, Parantica 102 38 lidae. The subfamily Danainae is divisible into three tribes: Danaini, aglea melanoides Moore, Parantica melaneus plataniston Fruhstorfer, 103 39 Tellervini, and Ithomiini (Wahlberg and Brower 2008) and only one Parantica sita sita Kollar, Euploea core godortii Lacus, Euploea klugii 104 40 tribe, Danaini, is found in Myanmar. This tribe is also the type tribe klugii Horsfield & Moore, and Euploea mulciber mulciber Cramer. 105 41 of the subfamily Danainae. Host of larva of this tribe are usually The present paper provides keys to the subtribe, genera and species 106 42 species of Asclepiadaceae (milkweeds), and Moraceae (figs) and of the tribe Danaini, and information on the taxonomic description, 107 43 Apcynaceae. Several species in this tribe are famous as models for synonymic lists and distribution of the tribe Danaini in Myanmar. 108 44 mimicry. 109 45 Systematic accounts 110 46 111 47 Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758 112 fi 48 Family Nymphalidae Ra nesque, 1815 113 Subfamily Danainae Boisduval, 1833 49 * Corresponding author. Tel.: þ82 42 530 1215; fax: þ82 42 530 1218. 114 50 E-mail address: [email protected] (J.K. Park). Tribe Danaini Boisduval, 1833 115 51 Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and 116 Korea National Arboretum (KNA). The tribe Daniani comprises two subtribes: Danaina, Euploeina. 52 117 53 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.11.001 118 54 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Copyright Ó 2017, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Production and hosting by Elsevier. 119 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Please cite this article in press as: Win NZ, et al., Taxonomic revision of the tribe Danaini (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Danainae) from Myanmar, Journal of Asia-Paciﬁc Biodiversity (2017), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.11.001 JAPB191_proof ■ 5 February 2017 ■ 2/5

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1 Key to subtribe of tribe Danaini in Myanmar Description (Figure 1B). Wingspan: 74e95 mm._\. Upper side 66 2 1. Claws without paronychia or pulvilli ...... Danaina dark fuliginous yellowish brown. Forewing with costal and dorsal 67 3 e Claws furnished with paronychia and pulvilli....Euploeina margins and apical half of wing black; the greater portion of In- 68 4 terspaces 1 and 2, a spot at the base of Interspace 3 and cell tawny; 69 Subtribe Danaina Boisduval, 1833 5 veins with broad black margins; three small white costal spots 70 6 Key to genera of subtribe Danaina in Myanmar beyond the cell, followed by an oblique series subapical white large 71 7 1. Forewing tawny, with black margins and white spots crossed by the veins; an irregular submarginal and marginal 72 8 spots...... Danaus series of small white spots. Hindwing tawny, the veins broadly 73 9 e Forewing fuliginous black, with subhyaline streaks and spots of bordered with black; terminal margin black, bearing two more or 74 10 bluish white...... 2 less complete rows of white spots. Underside similar; forewing 75 11 2. Lower discocellular of hind wing bent inwards at an angle with with dusky brown beyond the subapical white spots; hindwing 76 12 middle discocellular ...... Parantica with paler ground color than on the upper side, and white borders 77 13 e Lower discocellular of hind wing not bent inwards at an angle to all veins; the white spots on both fore and hind wings distinct. _ 78 14 with middle discocellular ...... Tirumala with sex mark of a small patch near base of Vein 2. Antennae black; 79 15 head and thorax black and spotted with white; abdomen dusky 80 Genus Danaus Kluk, 1780 (Monarchs and Queens) 16 tawny, with white markings beneath. 81 ¼Danaida Latreille, 1804. 17 Material examined. Myanmar: 3_,5\, Mt. Popa, 23 ii 2013 (J. K. 82 ¼Danais Latreille, 1807. 18 Park leg.); 2_,5\, Mt. Popa, 24 ii 2013 (J. K. Park leg.); 4_,2\, 83 ¼Danaus Latreille, 1809. 19 Natmataung, 9 i 2015 (J. K. Park leg.); 6\, Mt. Popa, 26 ii 2014 (J. K. 84 ¼Anosia Hübner, 1816. 20 Park leg.)-coll. KNU. 85 ¼Festivus Crotch, 1872. 21 Distribution. Myanmar, Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, 86 ¼Salatura Moore, 1880. 22 Hainan, China, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Andamans. 87 ¼Nasuma Moore, 1883. 23 88 ¼Tasitia Moore, 1883. 24 Genus Tirumala Moore, 1880 (Blue Glassy Tigers) 89 ¼Danaomorpha Kremky, 1925. 25 ¼Melinda Moore, 1883. 90 ¼Panlymnas Bryk, 1937. 26 ¼Elsa Honrath, 1892. 91 27 Key to species of Danaus in Myanmar 92 Key to species of Tirumala in Myanmar 28 1. Vein not highly bordered by black. Hindwing without a row of 93 1. The two bluish-white streaks in Interspace 1 are coalescent 29 white spots on black terminal margin- 94 ...... T. limniace limniace 30 ...... D. chrysippus chrysippus 95 e The two streaks in Interspace 1 are never coalescent ..... 31 e Vein not highly bordered by black. Hindwing with a row of 96 T. septentrionis septentrionis 32 white spots on black terminal margin 97 33 ...... D. genutia genutia Tirumala limniace limniace Cramer, 1775 (Blue tiger) 98 34 Tirumala limniace limniace Morishita, 1970: 64. 99 Danaus chrysippus chrysippus Linnaeus, 1758 (Oriental Plain 35 100 Tiger) 36 Description (Figure 1C). Wingspan 94e106 mm. _\. Upper side 101 Panlymnas chrysippus chrysippus Morishita, 1970: 64. 37 black, with bluish-white semihyaline spots and streaks. Forewing: 102 Danaus alcippus Marshall & de Nicéville, 1883: 51. 38 Interspace 1a with two streaks, sometimes coalescent, with a spot 103 Limnas alcippoides Moore, 1890: 41. 39 beyond; cell with a streak from base and an outwardly indented 104 40 spot at its apex; a large oval spot at base of Interspace 2, another 105 Q1 Description (Figure 1A). Wingspan: 66e80 mm. _\. Termen of 41 spot at base of Interspace 3, with a smaller spot beyond it towards 106 forewing concave near the middle. Upperside: forewing tawny, 42 termen; ﬁve obliquely placed subapical streaks, and somewhat 107 darkening towards the costal margin; costa narrowly, and the 43 irregular submarginal and marginal series of spots, the latter the 108 apical third of the wing black; one or two white spots beyond and 44 smaller. Hindwing: Interspaces 1a, 1b, and 1c with streaks from 109 above apex of cell; four small irregular white spots beyond upper 45 base, double in the latter two, cell with a forked broad streak, the 110 margin of tawny ground color; followed by a subapical, white, 46 lower branch with a hook, or spur-like short projection, at base of 111 oblique band, with one small short bar on the costa and one sub- 47 Interspaces 2 and 3 a slender loop, at base of Interspaces 4 and 5 a 112 marginal white spot below its lower end; a more or less complete 48 broad elongate streak, and at base of Interspace 6 a quadrate spot; 113 series of marginal white spots and dots of varying size. Hindwing: 49 beyond these an irregular series of scattered unequal submarginal 114 ground-color paler; termen somewhat narrowly black, with an 50 and marginal spots, the latter the smaller. Underside: markings 115 incomplete series of white spots; three black marks on the dis- 51 much as on the upper side; forewing with basal two-thirds dusky 116 cocellulars. Underside similar, paler; ground color of the hindwing 52 black, the apex and hind wing olive brown. Antennae, head and 117 and a triangular area at apex of forewing ochraceous; white 53 thorax black, the latter two spotted and streaked with, white; 118 markings and spots more distinct. Antennae black; head and thorax 54 abdomen dusky above, ochraceous spotted with white beneath. _. 119 black spotted with white; abdomen ochraceous above, whitish 55 secondary sex mark in a small patch near base of Vein 2. 120 below. Male with secondary sex mark: a small patch near base of 56 Material examined. Myanmar: 1_, Mt. Victoria, 21 ii 2012, (J. K. 121 Vein 2. 57 Park leg.); 2_,1\, Mt. Popa, 24 ii 2013 (J. K. Park leg.); 2_,2\, Mt. 122 Material examined. Myanmar: 5_,3\, Mt. Popa, 26 ii 2013 (J. K. 58 Popa, 12 iii 2014, (J. K. Park leg.)-coll. KNU. 123 Park leg.); 7_,2\, Yezin, 18 ii 2014 (N. Z. Win leg.); 6_,6\, Natma- 59 Distribution. Myanmar, Andamans, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, 124 taung, 9 i 2015 (J. K. Park leg.)-coll. KNU. 60 Hainan, China. 125 Distribution. Myanmar, India, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Hainan, 61 126 China, Japan, Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Borneo, Philippines. 62 Tirumala septentrionis septentrionis Butler, 1874 (Oriental Dark 127 63 Blue Tiger) 128 Danaus genutia genutia Cramer, 1779 (Oriental Striped Tiger) 64 Tirumala hamata septentrionis Morishita, 1970: 65. 129 Salatura genutia genutia Morishita, 1970: 64. 65 130

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1 66 2 67 3 68 4 69 5 70 6 71 7 72 8 73 9 74 10 75 11 76 12 77 13 78 14 79 15 80 16 81 17 82 18 83 19 84 20 85 21 86 22 87 23 88 24 89 25 90 26 91 27 92 28 93 29 94 30 95 31 96 32 97 33 98 34 99 35 100 36 101 37 102 38 103 39 104 40 105 41 106 42 107 43 108 44 109 45 110 46 111 47 112 48 113 49 114 50 115 51 116 52 117 53 118 54 119 55 120 56 121 57 122 58 123 59 124 60 125 61 126 62 127 Figure 1. Butterﬂy species of the tribe Danaini in Myanmar. A, Danaus chrysippus chrysippus Linnaeus. B, Danaus genutia genutia Cramer. C, Tirumala limniace limniace Cramer. D, 63 128 Tirumala septentrionis septentrionis Butler. E, Parantica aglea melanoides Moore. F, Parantica sita sita Kollar. G, Parantica melaneus plataniston Fruhstorfer. H, Euploea klugii klugii 64 Horsﬁeld & Moore. I, Euploea core godortii Lacus. J Euploea mulciber mulciber Cramer. 129 65 130

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1 Description (Figure 1D). Wingspan: 99 mm. Closely resembles through the patch. Underside similar, the markings and spots 66 2 D. limniace Cramer, but is always sufficiently distinct to be easily sometimes poorly defined and blurred. Antennae black; head and 67 3 recognized, even on the wing. Upper side: the ground color darker thorax black spotted with white; abdomen blackish brown, whit- 68 4 and the semihyaline markings narrower, more distinct, and of a isheochraceous beneath. 69 5 bluer tint than in D. limniace. Forewing, the two streaks in the Material examined. Myanmar: 1\, Natmataung, 23 ii 2012 (J. K. 70 6 Interspace 1 are narrower, never coalescent, the upper one forming Park leg.); 5_,6\, Mt. Popa, 12 iii 2014 (J. K. Park leg.); 1_, Mt. Popa, 71 7 an oval detached spot; the short streaks above Vein 5 are outwardly 21 ii 2013 (J. K. Park leg.); 3\, Mt. Popa, 24 ii 2013 (J. K. Park leg.); 1_, 72 8 never truncate, always acute. Hind wing with the two streaks in the 3\, Mt. Popa, 25 ii 2013 (J. K. Park leg.)-coll. KNU. 73 9 discoidal cell united at base are wide apart at their apices, the lower Distribution. Myanmar, India, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Viet- 74 10 one never formed into a hook. Underside generally darker than nam, Hainan, China, Malaysia. 75 11 D. limniace, the apex of the forewing and the whole of the ground 76 12 color of the hind wing not being of the conspicuous golden brown. Parantica sita sita Kollar, 1844 (Chestnut Tiger) 77 13 Material examined. Myanmar: 1_, Mt. Popa, 23 ii 2013 (J. K. Park Danaus sita sita f. pedonga Talbot, 1943: 141 78 14 leg.)-coll. KNU. Parantica sita sita Morishita, 1970: 65. 79 15 Distribution. Myanmar, India, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Viet- 80 16 nam, Hainan, China, Sumatra, Malaysia. Description (Figure 1F). Wingspan: 91e102 mm. Upper side of 81 17 forewing black or fuliginous black, with the following bluish-white 82 18 Genus Parantica Moore, 1880 (The Glassy-Winged Tigers) subhyaline markings; a streak from base in Interspace 1a, broad 83 19 ¼Chittira Moore, 1880. streaks filling the basal three-fourths of Interspace 1b, and the 84 20 ¼Lintorata Moore, 1883. whole of the cell; five large quadrate discal spots; two long sub- 85 21 ¼Caduga Moore, 1882. apical streaks; three shorter streaks above them; a submarginal 86 22 ¼Ravadeba Moore, 1883. series of more- or less-rounded spots decreasing in size anteriorly 87 23 ¼Phirdana Moore, 1883. and curved inwards opposite apex, and an another incomplete 88 24 ¼Bahora Moore, 1883. submarginal series of smaller spots. Hindwing chestnutered, with 89 25 ¼Asthipa Moore, 1883. subhyaline streaks and spots as follows: streaks from base, not 90 26 ¼Mangalisa Moore, 1883. reaching the margin in Interspaces 1a and 1b; two broad streaks 91 27 ¼Badacara Moore, 1890. united to near their apex in Interspace 1c; a streak filling the cell; 92 28 ¼Chlorochropsis Rothschild, 1892. and a discal series of large inwardly pointed elongate spots; and 93 29 incomplete ill-defined submarginal and marginal series of spots. 94 Key for Parantica of Myanmar 30 Underside similar, the markings clearer and more complete. _ with 95 1. Ground color of fore- and hindwings brown and the same color 31 secondary sex mark: patches of peculiar scent-producing scales 96 .... P. aglea melanoide 32 near apices of Veins 1a, 1, and 2 on hindwing, with a thickening of 97 e Ground color of fore- and hindwings bright and not the same 33 Veins 1a and 1 where they pass through the patch. Antennae black; 98 color ...... 2 34 head and thorax black, spotted with white; abdomen from brown 99 2. Hind wing upper side marginal border bright chestnutered 35 to bright ochraceous, beneath whitish. 100 color, obscurely spotted...... 36 Material examined. Myanmar: 1_, Mt. Popa, 23 ii 2013 (J. K. Park 101 ...... P. sita sita 37 leg.); 1_, Mt. Popa, 12 iii 2014 (J. K. Park leg.)-coll. KNU. 102 e Hindwing upper side marginal border bright chocolate color, 38 Distribution. Myanmar, India, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Hainan, 103 prominently spotted white ...... 39 China, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Tibet. 104 ...... P. melaneus plataniston 40 105 41 Parantica aglea melanoides Moore, 1883 (Glassy Tiger) Parantica melaneus plataniston Fruhstorfer, 1910 (Chocolate 106 42 Parantica melanoides Moore, 1883: 247. Tiger) 107 43 Parantica melanoides Moore, 1890: 54. Danaida melaneus plataniston Fruhstorfer, 1910: 210. 108 44 Parantica aglea melanoides Morishita, 1970: 65. Parantica melaneus plataniston Morishita, 1970: 65. 109 45 110 46 Description (Figure 1E). Wingspan: 65e90 mm. _\. Upper side: Description (Figure 1G). Wingspan: 98 mm. Closely resembles 111 47 ground color fuliginous black with subhyaline bluish-white streaks P. aglea Cramer. However, it differs with the following characters: 112 48 and spots. Forewing: Vein 11 anastomosed with Vein 12; Upper side upper side, the ground color of both fore- and hindwings is darker, 113 49 of forewing in Interspace 1c, two comparatively long, broad streaks almost black; the subhyaline streaks and spots appear more 114 50 united at base, truncate exteriorly; cell with a broad, clavate streak transparent and white. Underside of the forewing black, the apex 115 51 traversed by two fine black lines; large rectangular spots in base of broadly suffused with bright chestnut brown, with a costal patch, 116 52 Interspaces 2 and 3; an irregular discal series of three spots; two and a portion of the disc and outer margin, much darker. Male sex 117 53 elongated streaks and three small spots in Interspaces 8e10 below mark as in P. aglea. 118 54 the costa; a submarginal series of spots; a marginal row of more Material examined. Myanmar: 1_, Mt. Popa, 23 ii 2013 (J. K. Park 119 55 obscure and smaller spots placed in pairs in the interspaces; the leg.)-coll. KNU. 120 56 two series of spots curved inwards opposite the apex of the wing; a Distribution. Myanmar, India, Western Yunnan, Indo-China. 121 57 slender streak along the basal half of the costa; a streak in Inter- 122 58 space 1a. Hindwing: Interspaces la and lb with broad long streaks Subtribe Euploeina Moore, 1880 123 59 from base; Interspace 1 and cell with two streaks, each pair united Genus Euploea Fabricius, 1807. 124 60 at base, the pair in the cell with a short streak obliquely at the apex, ¼Crastia Hübner, 1816. 125 61 an irregular series of broad, elongate, inwardly pointed spots in ¼Trepsichrois Hübner, 1816. 126 62 base of Interspaces 2e8, followed by irregular rows of submarginal ¼Salpinx Hübner, 1819. 127 63 and marginal spots. _ with secondary sex mark: patches of peculiar ¼Calliploea Butler, 1875. 128 64 scent-producing scales near apices of Veins 1a, 1, and 2 on ¼Macroploea Butler, 1878. 129 65 hindwing, with a thickening of Veins 1a and 1 where they pass ¼Stictoploea Butler, 1878. 130

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1 ¼Isamia Moore, 1880. Euploea mulciber mulciber Cramer, 1777 (Bengal Striped Blue 66 2 ¼Narmada Moore, 1880. Crow) 67 3 ¼Bibisana Moore, 1883. Euploea mulciber mulciber Morishita, 1970: 69. 68 4 ¼Andasena Moore, 1883. 69 5 ¼Glinama Moore, 1883. Description (Figure 1J). Wingspan. 106e110 mm_. Upper side: 70 6 dark brown entirely glossed with brilliant blue; the following vio- 71 Key to the species of Euploea in Myanmar 7 lescent white spots e a spot in apex of cell, a curved series of five or 72 1. Forewing with a recurrent vein in the cell ...... 8 six discal spots, a submarginal sinuous row of larger spots and an 73 ...... 2 9 incomplete marginal series of dots. Hindwing uniform, unmarked 74 e Forewing without a recurrent vein in the cell...... 10 except for a large patch of light-brown, densely set hair-like scales 75 ...... E. klugii klugii 11 on the outer upper third of the wing. The \ is a lighter brown, the 76 2. Hindwing upper side without a pale raised patch in the cell area 12 forewing only glossed with blue on the disc; spots white, and more 77 ...... E. core godartii 13 or less similar to those on the forewing of the _, but larger and 78 e Hindwing upper side with a small pale yellow or buff raised 14 purer white; in addition an obscure streak in cell and another 79 patch in the cell area ...... E. mulciber mulciber 15 curved streak in Interspace 1 showing through faintly from the 80 16 Euploea klugii klugii Horsfield & Moore, 1857 (Blue King Crow) underside. Hindwing: narrow white streaks in cell and in the in- 81 17 terspaces beyond and a marginal row of white spots. Underside, 82 18 Description (Figure 1H). Wingspan: 96 mm. _. Upper side of the _\similar to the upper side in each, but the markings broader, 83 19 forewing dark brown, suffused from base to outer margin with a larger and more distinct; in the _ besides a small white apex of cell, 84 20 blue gloss; a small costal spot; two short streaks beyond apex of there are spots of discal and incomplete submarginal and marginal 85 21 cell; submarginal series of spots incomplete; subterminal spots series of white dots. Antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen dark 86 22 smaller. All the spots bluish white in color. A single short and brown velvety brown, the abdomen glossed with greenish blue above; 87 23 brand in Area 1b. Hindwing umber-brown, the center glossed with beneath, the head and thorax spotted, the abdomen transversely 88 24 blue; a prominent pale yellow raised patch extending into the cell; banded with white. 89 25 submarginal and marginal rows of spots more or less complete. Material examined.Myanmar:4_,2\, Natmataung, 9 i 2015 (J. K. 90 26 Underside similar, paler brown, not glossed with blue; spots more Park leg.); 1_, Mt. Popa, 23 ii 2013 (J. K. Park leg.); 1_, Mt. Popa, 24 ii 91 27 clearly defined, submarginal and marginal series more or less 2013, (J. K. Park leg.); 1\, Mt. Popa, 11 viii 2011 (J. K. Park leg.)-coll. 92 28 complete. Antenna black; head, thorax and abdomen velvety KNU. 93 29 brown; head and thorax speckled with bluish white. Distribution. India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Hainan, 94 30 Material examined. Myanmar: 1_, Mt. Popa, 24 ii 2013 (J. K. Park China. 95 31 leg.)-coll. KNU. 96 32 Distribution. Myanmar, North- East India Conflict of interest 97 33 98 34 Euploea core godartii Lacus, 1853 (Violet-tipped Crow) All authors were participated in this study and were aware of Q2 99 35 Euploea godartii Lucas, 1853: 319. this submission. This study was studied with supported by National 100 36 Crastia godartii Moore, 1890: 85. Institute of Biological Resources. We were expressed the institute in 101 37 Euploea godartii Moore, 1878: 824. acknowledgements. 102 38 Crastia circuita Swinhoe, 1903: 499. 103 39 Euploea core godartii Morishita, 1970: 68. Acknowledgments 104 40 105 e _\ 41 Description (Figure 1I). Wingspan: 84 110 mm. . Upper side This work was supported by the National Institute of Biological Q3 106 42 dark brown, broadly paler along the outer margins, especially on Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of 107 43 the forewing. Forewing with more or less incomplete and obso- the Republic of Korea (2016). 108 44 lescent series of submarginal and marginal small white spots; 109 45 apical area dusted with violaceous white, varying considerably in References 110 46 extent from a mere trace of violaceous between the veins, to a large 111 47 and conspicuous patch occupying the whole of the apex. Hindwing Bingham CT. 1905. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, butterflies. 112 48 with a submarginal series of oval, or inwardly conical spots, and a Volume I. London: Taylor and Francis. 113 Byun BK, Kim DS. 2015. Review of genus Olethreutes (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from 49 marginal series of more rounded white spots. Underside paler North Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 8:95e101. 114 50 brown, the white spots larger, more clearly denned. Forewing not Kinyon S. 2004. A Field guide to the butterflies of Myanmar, Smithsonian Institution. 115 51 violaceous at apex, a spot (sometimes absent) in apex of cell, and 1st ed. Yangon: National Wildlife Conservation Department. 116 fl 52 Marshall GFL, de Niceville L. 1882. The butter ies of India, Burmah and Ceylon. Volume 117 two or three discal spots. Hindwing: a spot in apex of cell, also I. Kolkata: Caluttta Central Press. 53 sometimes absent, and a discal series of five small spots beyond. Nymphalidae Systematics Group. 2016. The subfamily Danainae. Available at: http:// 118 54 Antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown, and sparsely www.nymphalidae.net/Nymphalidae/Danainae/Danainae.htm [Date accessed: 119 55 spotted with white. _ Forewing with a single, short brand in 20 September 2016]. 120 Talbot G. 1947. The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Butterflies. 56 Interspace 1. Volume II. London: Taylor and Francis. 121 57 Material examined. Myanmar: 1\, Mt. Popa, 10 ii 2012 (J. K. Park Wahlberg N, Brower AVZ. 2008. Danainae Boisduval 1833. Version 27 October 2008 Q5 122 _ \ _ \ (under construction). Available at: http://tolweb.org/Danainae/12187/2008.10. 58 leg.); 10 ,7 , Mt. Popa, 24 ii 2013 (J. K. Park leg.); 31 ,16 , Mt. Popa, . 123 _ \ 27 in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/. [Date accessed: ]. 59 10 iii 2014, (J. K. Park leg.); 29 ,17 , Mt. Popa, 12 iii 2014 (J. K. Park Win NZ, Choi EY, Jang DJ, Park JY, Park JK. 2015. Molecular comparison of the genus 124 60 leg.); 33_,14\, Mt. Popa, 13 iii 2014, (J. K. Park leg.); 16_,10\, Mt. Junonia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Myanmar. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodi- 125 61 Popa, 24 iii 2014, (J. K. Park leg.)-coll. KNU. versity 8:287e294. 126 Win NZ, Choi EY, Park JY, Park JK. 2016. Taxonomic review of the tribe Junoniini 62 Distribution. Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Nymphalinae) from Myanmar. Journal of Asia- 127 63 India. Pacific Biodiversity 9:383e388. 128 64 129 65 130