2648 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1970 poses," to provide for accelerated payment of By Mr. SATI'ERFIELD (for himself, Maria Zahaniacz (nee Bojkiwska); to the certain housing loans in cases of discrimina­ and Mr. MARSH) : Committee on the Judiciary. tion by the loan recipient: to the Committee H. Res. 826. Resolution calling for support By Mr. BOB WILSON: on the Judiciary. of policy of direct face-to-face negotiations H.R. 15768. A b111 for the relief of Katsu By Mr. WYMAN: for peace between nations in the Middle East; Asage Whetstine; to the Committee on the H.R. 15758. A b111 relaittng to taxation by a to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. Judiciary. Staite of income received by nonresidents of By Mr. TUNNEY: By Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON: that State for services performed in a Fed­ H. Res. 826. Resolution to express the sense H.R. 15769. A bill to authorize and direct eral area: to the Committee on the Judiciary. of the House against the persecution of per­ the Secretary of the Interior to relinquish By Mr. FASCELL: sons by Soviet Russia because of their re­ and quitclaim any title it may heretofore H.J. Res. 1077. Joint resolution to amend ligion; to the Committee on Foreign Affalrs. claim to certain lands situated in the county the joint resolution authorizing appropria­ By Mr. BOB WILSON: of San Bernardino, State of California; to tions for the payment by the United States H. Res. 827. Resolution to create a Select the Committee on Interior and Insular of its share of the expenses of the Pan Ameri­ Committee on the Investigation of Porno­ Affairs. can Railways Congress Association: to the graphic Enterprises; to the Committee on Committee on Foreign Affairs. Rules. By Mr. GALLAGHER: MEM:ORIALS H.J. Res. 1078. Joint resolution estab­ PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memorials lishing the Commission on United States Par­ were presented and referred as follows: ticipaition in the United Nations, and for Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private 279. By the SPEAKER: A memorial of the other purposes: to the Committee on Foreign bills and resolutions were introduced and House of Representatives of the Common­ Affairs. By Mr. GIAIMO: severally referred as follows: wealth of Massachusetts, relative to over­ H.J. Res. 1079. Joint resolution to amend By Mr. BRADEMAS: riding the presidential veto of the Health, the Constitution to provide for representa­ H.R. 15769. A bill for the relief of Yi­ Education, and Welfare Appropriation b111; tion of the District of Columbia in the Con­ chuan Pan and Yi-jen Yu (maiden name: to the Committee on Appropriations. gress; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Yu); to the Committee on the Judiciary. 280. Also, a memorial of the Legislature of By Mr. MINSHALL: By Mr. DONOHUE: the State of California, relative to agricul­ H. Con. Res. 498. Concurrent resolution to H.R. 16760. A bill for the relief of Dr. tural labor-management relations; to the express the sense of the Congress with re­ Anthony S. Mastrian; to the Committee on Committee on Education and Labor. spect to peace in the Middle East; to the the Judiciary. 281. Also, a memorial of the House of Committee on Foreign Affairs. By Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama: Representatives of the Commonwealth of By Mr. RIVERS: H.R. 16761. A bill for the relief of Albert Massachusetts, relative to continuing cer­ H. Con. Res. 499. Concurrent resolution, H. Quarles; to the Committee on the Judi­ tain airline operations; to the Committee on Paris peace conference on prisoners of war; ciary. Interstate and Foreign Commerce. to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. By Mr. FISHER: 282. Also, a memorial of the general court By Mr. WOLFF: H.R. 16762. A bill for the relief of Lottie of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, rela­ H. Con. Res. 500. Concurrent resolution ex­ Emerson; to the Committee on the Judiciary. tive to a Federal welfare system, to the Com­ pressing the sense of Congress that the By Mr. FOLEY: mittee on Ways and Means. United States should sell Israel aircraft H.R. 16763. A bill for the relief of Rogelio 283. Also, a memorial of the general court necesary for Israel's defense; to the Commit­ Candanoza-Leza; to the Committee on the of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, rela­ tee on Foreign Affairs. Judiciary. tive to expanding the medics.re program to By Mr. MATSUNAGA (for himself, Mr. By Mr. MATSUNAGA: include the permanently and totally dis­ abled; to the Committee on Ways and Mea.ns. DENNIS, and Mr. WILLIAM D. FORD): H.R. 15764. A bill for the relief of Celia G. H. Res. 823. Resolution to provide for Debs; to the Committee on the Judiciary. record voting in the Committee on the By Mr. MOSS: PETITIONS, ETC. Whole House upon the assent of one-fourth H.R. 16765. A bill for the relief of Milton of the Members present: to the Committee E. Nix; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, on Rules. By Mr.POWELL: 386. The SPEAKER presented a petition By Mr. NELSON: H.R. 16766. A bill for the relief of Campbell of the chairman, Realtors' Washington Com­ H. Res. 824. A resolution affirming U.S. Glenallen Emanuel, wife Daphne Olive I. mittee, National Association of Real Estate policy calling for face-to-face negotiations Emanuel, and son Calvin Roger Emanuel; to Boards, Washington, D.C., relative to the between the governments of the nations in­ the Oommlttee on the Judiciary. residential mortc;a.ge market, which was re­ volved in the Middle East crisis; to the Com­ By Mr. WATKINS: ferred to the Committee on Banking and mittee on Foreign Affairs. H.R. 15767. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Currency.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS "CAPTAIN EASY" RETIRES-HELPED Sentinel, Orlando, F!a., November 23. In one 1949 sequence, Turner's heroes NATIONAL GOALS 1969: helped an alcoholic win his fight to redeem himself through Alcoholics Anonymous. AA LES TURNER, PRODUCER OF COMIC STRIP, members praised Turner's understanding and HON. LOUIS FREY, JR. RETIRES his contribution to their efforts. One mem­ Les Turner, artist-writer who has produced ber wrote: OF FLORIDA the "Captain Easy" comic strip since 1943, "I know of at least five hopeless alcoholics IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will retire next Sunday. who have been saved through your comic Thursday, February 5, 1970 "Captain Easy," appearing in more than strip." 600 daily and Sunday newspapers and dis­ A 1950 news bulletin of the Stanford Re­ Mr. FREY. Mr. Speaker, Les Turner tributed by Newspaper Enterprise Associa­ search Institute reproduced a strip in which of Orlando, Fla., in the congressional dis­ tion, will continue to be produced by Turner's Turner showed the use of the Poulter Seismic trict which I represent, has produced associat e, Bill Crooks, and writer Jim Law­ Method of Geophysical Exploration to dis­ for 36 years the comic strip "Captain rence. Crooks has been working with Turner cover oil deposits. Captain Easy had explained since 1945. the technical marvel in language simple Easy." "Captain Easy" appears in more Turner started on the strip as an assistant enough for the youngest of his readers. than 600 daily and Sunday newspapers in 1937. It was ;then carried in hundreds of Living in Orlando, Turner kept abreast of across the country and has contributed newspapers as "Wash Tubbs" and its title rocket and space developments and re­ greatly to better public understanding of was changed to Captain Easy in 1949. ported-and sometimes foretold-them in his national problems and goals. As the Turner's already completed strips will con­ comic strip. When the Army launched Jupiter creator of the comic strip, Les Turner tinue to appear in newspapers until early II from Cape Canaveral March 5, 1958, Tur­ has used his mind and ability to make 1970, being su cceeded by Crook'S' and Law­ ner's story which appeared in newspapers the national space program more under­ rence's work in mid-January. that day showed a fictitious Cyclops rocket During his many years with Wash Tubbs carrying the first man into space. standable to all Americans. I congratu­ and Capt ain Easy, Turner brought many His accurate backgrounds and on-the­ late Mr. TUrner on his ::::etirement, and unique situations to the comic pages. He scene research continually gave readers dra- also his associates, Bill Crooks and Jim pioneersed educational, sociological and scien­ matic stories as current as today. · Lawrence, who will continue the comic tific subjects in his strips and received praise A 1962 continuity explaining the Binary strip. I would like to place in the RECORD from professionals in all fields for his ac­ number system used in computers was re­ a portion of an article from the Orlando curacy and timeliness. quested in reprint by many schools because February 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2649

it gave a clear explanation of a complex math [From the Wa..shington Star, Feb. 2, 1970] House, the first family, and those first system. Captain Easy had discovered spies ABM's PHAsE Two families who will follow. employing Binary numbers to pass informa­ tion on America's antimissile program ... One distinct surprise which emerged from In the same spirit of public service, the and appropriately, using the comic pages to the President's press conference was an­ White House and the RIAA will make transmit the secret data. nouncement of the decision to go ahead available a duplicate collection of the with the seoond phase of the Safeguard anti­ records and the equipment in Washing­ ballistic missile system. That decision is one with which this newspaper is in no position ton so that all might enjoy them. to quarrel. I ask unanimous consent the New York THE ABM-PHASE TWO Mr. Nixon said the second phase, which is Times article of January 20, detailing exipected to add a.bout $600 million to the this event, be printed in the RECORD. $900 million already allocated to the ABM There being no objection, the article HON. HUGH SCOTT program in the 1971 budget, will be for "area was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, OF PENNSYLVANYA defense." He said such a. defense was "abso­ as follows: IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES lutely essential" to guard against attack from a "minor power . . . like Communist China." [From the New York Times, Jan. 30, 1970] Thursday, February 5, 1970 The President added that "within the time PRESIDENT To GET A MUSIC LIBRARY; INDUS- span of perhaps 10 years" such a system TRY TO GIVE COLLECTION OF CLASSICS AND Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, I ask unan­ ROCK imous consent to have printed in the would be necessary to prevent Chinese "nu­ clear blackmail" against the U.S., the Philip­ (By Nan Robertson) Extensions of Remarks an excerpt from pines and Ja.pa.n, and to give Washington "a WASHINGTON, January 29.-The first offi­ President Nixon's press conference of credible foreign policy in the Pacific." cial White House music library for this and January 30, 1970, and an editorial en­ Having just vetoed a politically popular. future Presidents and their families, "per­ titled "ABM's Phase Two," published in bill because it involved $1.3 billion in exces­ haps the fl.nest ever assembled," was an­ the Washington Star of February 2, sive spending on social services, it seems to nounced today. 1970. us highly unlikely that the President, many It will be selected by a commission of ex­ There being no objection, the material of whose congressional supporters must seek perts in fields ranging from classical through was ordered to be printed in the RECORD re-election this year, would coi:mmt this rock and country music and the spoken word, who are aiming to complete their choices of as follows: country to additional defense spending un­ less he felt it to be absolutely necessary. "several thousand" records by mid-March. THE ABM AND AREA DEFENSE Talks with the Communist Chinese a.re The Recording Industry Association of Question. Sir, in connection with the ABM, under wa.y in Warsaw. Negotiations to limit America will donate the records and the there have been suggestions that expanding the strategic arms race are in train with sound system to the White House. A dupli­ the ABM from a protective system for the Russians. But progress-much less agree­ cate collection will also be presented later to Minutemen into an area defense of cities ment-is in both instances problematical some institution in Washington, such as the might raise problems in connection with the and a long way off. Smithsonian or the John F. Kennedy Center negotiations on arms oonitrol. No one can say what the shape of the for the Performing Arts, to be used by the Without going into too much detail, can world will be a decade from now. It is right public free. you tell us whether your decision to proceed to seek political solutions to our problems UNDER AU~ICES OF MRS. NIXON with the second phase involves area defense with Russia. alld China through negotiations. or simply an additional defense of Minute­ The commission, approved by the White But it would be criminally wrong for any House under the auspices of Mrs. Richard M. men like the fir&t phase? American president to base his defense Nixon, consists of: The PRESIDENT. Mr. Bailey, our deoision strategy on the supposition that co-existence involve!:! area defense. The Minutemen de­ Classical music: Irving Kolodin, music will be the policy of the leaders of China critic and associate editor of Saturday Re­ fense is only effective insofar as an attack by and Russia a decade from now. a m1:1.jor power, taking out our retaliatory view, and a record critic for 40 years. Regrettable as it is in terms of fiscal Popular: Johnny Mercer, songwriter and capacity. policy and the fight against inflation, the The area defense, on the other hand, is lyricist and four-time winner of Academy President's decision seems prudent and may Awards for his songs. His credits include absolutely essential as against any minor have been the only possible and responsible power, a power, for example, like Communist "Moon River," "Blues in the Night," "Black one he could have made. Better Safeguard Magic," "Come Rain or Come Shine" and China. I don't anticipate an attack by Com­ than sorry. munist China, but if such a power had some "Laura." caipa,bility with ICBM's to reach the United Jazz: Willis Conover, jazz broadcaster for the Voice of America, concert producer, and States, an area defense, according to the in­ RECORD LIBRARY IN THE formation we have received, is virtually in­ producer of the White House birthday pro­ fallible against that kind of potential attack, WHITE HOUSE gram last April honoring Duke Ellington. and, therefore, gives the United States a Folk and country: Paul Ackerman, music credible foreign policy in the Pacific area editor of Billboard, executive director of the which it otherwise would not have. HON. JACOB K. JAVITS Songwriters Hall of Fame and recipient of the Question. Mr. President, you said a minute OF NEW YORK Connie B. Gay President's Award for out­ ago that your expansion of the ABM system IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES standing service to the Country Music Asso­ ciation. would provide a credible defense in the Pa­ Thursday, February 5, 1970 cific. Do you mean in part by that it will The spoken word: Helen Roach, former expand your options in the war in Vietnam Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, the Sen­ professor at Brooklyn College of the Univer­ sity of the City of New York, founder and and the war in Laos in the event of unantici­ ate Subcommittee on the Arts and the pated difficulties? supervisor of the listening room and spoken Humanities on Tuesday concluded its record collection at Brooklyn College. The PRESIDENT. No, what I was referring to hearings on legislation to extend the was the time span of perhaps 10 years from now, and we must do now those things that National Foundation on the Arts and we may be confronted with 10 years from Humanities Act. Witnesses from all seg­ A WHITE HOUSE COMIC OPERA now, to deal with those things. ments of the arts displayed enthusiasm Ten years from now the Communist Chi­ for the administration's proposal and nese, for example, among others, may have the interest in the arts that has been HON. JAMES G. O'HARA a significant nuclear capability. They will evinced by the President. I am very much OF MICHIGAN not be a major nuclear power, but they will pleased to note' that last week further IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES have a significant nuclear capability. By evidence of this interest has come from that time the war in Vietnam will be over. Thursday, February 5, 1970 By that time, I would trust, also, the Laotian the White House. Last Thursday, Mrs. war may be resolved. Nixon announced the formation of a Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, those of But, on the ot her hand, with a significant commission to select the best available us who have felt that the Nixon admin­ nuclear capability, assuming that we have records to form the White House Record istration is devoid of a sense of humor not made a breakthrough-and we are going Library. may have been proven wrong. At least, to try to make the breakthrough in some The Committee on the Preservation of I hope so. A careful examination of the normalization of our rel'clitionships with Com­ the White House has endorsed this idea proposed new ceremonial uniform for munist China-then it will be very impor­ and the distinguished Americans who the White House Hussars and of the tant for the United States to have some kind of defense so that nuclea.r blackmail could will select the discs for inclusion. From nationwide editorial response would tend not be used against the -United States or time to time these will be updated. The to indicate that the entire proposition against those nations like the Philippines Recording Industry Association of was a put-on from the start. Only a with which the United States is allied in the America will make the records as well President with a deep and incredibly Pacific, not to mention Ja,pan. as equipment available to the White subtle sense of the ridiculous could have 2650 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1970 so unerringly hit the national funny torial entitled "Foreign Policy Mistake,'' cent G. Kling. I ask unanimous consent bone. published in the Dallas. Tex., Times­ that the article be printed in the RECORD. In a time when the news is so somber, Herald of December 28, 1969. There being no objection, the article in a time when the President sorrow­ There being no objection, the editorial was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, fully but unmovingly decides that we was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: cannot afford to educate our children as follows: VINCENT G. KLING AND AsSOCIATES--THE OF· and must reduce our efforts to wipe out [From the Dallas (Tex.) Times-Herald FICE OF AN ARCHITECT WHO FOCUSES 300 disease, in a time when the national Dec. 28, 1969] ARCHITECTS, PLANNERS, AND ENGINEERS ON budget seeks to portray a nation which FOREIGN POLICY MISTAKE DISTINCTIVE BUILDING DESIGN AND THE is simply fiscally unable to cope with The fact that Rhodesia has completed, as TOTAL OWNER PRODUCT problems affecting its very survival, it of last month, four years of independence The practice of architecture always seemed is, I suppose, heartening to have leader­ from Great Britain calls to mind once again to require, classically, and, at its best, the ship that can give us, if not bread, at our unusual relationship with that small dominance of one creative man. Today, an country. This relationship, it becomes more architectural firm, motivated still by that least comic opera. and more apparent, involves a foreign policy ideal, while handling substantial and com­ In my view, Mr. Speaker, an editorial miscalculation of no small proportion on the plex contemporary architecture, is Vincent G. in the Detroit News provides the most part of the United States. Kling and (his) Associates. Their distinctive definitive comment yet on the Pennsyl­ Though this was strictly a private dispute work is the result of a man blessed with suf­ vania Avenue Praetorians. I commend it between Great Britain and Rhodesia, the ficient drive to guide, almost personally, the to your attention: Untted States at Great Britain's urging joined work of a staff grown to nearly 300 in its 23rd the latter in seeking U.N. economic sanctions year. A WHITE HOUSE COMIC OPEKA against Rhodesia. The U.N., after a partial If you ask Vincent Kllng to characterize his One could almost hear Jeanette MacDon­ boycott against certain strategic materials firm, he starts at the beginning with ald ibeltlng away at a Rudolf Friml lullaby in failed, decreed a total embargo on trade with orderliness: the wings while center stage lacked only Rhodesia. "When we build, we are telling the world Nelson Eddy as the White House policemen Though this embargo, supported by the what we stand for. Our structures will in­ came on parade. After the initial stupefac­ U.S., has now been in effect for the past three fluence our lives for a very long time. The tion, those of us who recall the movies of years, Rhodesia still has not bowed to British choices we have with which to achieve this the '80's were smugly satisfied that the gen­ demands and is showing no signs of doing so influence are legion; no longer is it a simple eration gap had at last done itself proud. in the future. matter of bricks and mortar, windows and It had gone into reverse. Thus the situation seems to be in indefi­ doors. The new methods, new systems, and a. Wha.t Her Britannic Majesty's prime min­ nite stalemate unless the U.N. decides to seemingly endless demand from more and ister, Harold Wilson, thought when the resort to force to bring Rhodesia to its knees. more people, give the designer fascinating op­ chorus line of armed rockettes strutted onto The use of armed force seems highly doubt­ portunities at every turn, as we enter a build­ the White House lawn at President Nixon's ful. Certainly, in such an event, indignation ing surge which, in 80 years, will witness the ceremonies of welcome is probably classified in this country would be so widespread as to certain doubling of our shelters. information. But it must have struck a fel­ preclude the U.S. carrying its support of "The architect, a generalist by training and low reared in a land where the fashion is Great Britain that far. practice, plays the major role in the concep­ tradition and ceremony, graced by royalty The peculiar position we are now in re­ tion and execution of the design of spaces, against a background of coroneted peers, garding Rhodesia was emphasized recently by places, and enclosures. He leads and directs scarlet-tuniced guards and beefeaters, that Sen. Harry F. Byrd, Jr. a wide spectrum of specialists." those upstart American colonials were try­ "The reason given," he said, "for our policy Noting the particular demands of today, ing to steal a march on England in this in­ toward Rhodesia is that she has not con­ Kling states, "Our fundamental conviction ternational sport of one-upmanship. stitutionally provided for an 'orderly transi­ in approaching the design of every project Camelot written and staged by Americans tion to majority rule.' Yet recent figures show is that architecture is for people, not just had been a warning, oome to think of it, 87 member nations of the U.N. do not have architects. With increasing urban concentra­ and then there was that white knight on a a form of government based on majority rule, tion and megalopolitan sprawl, the greatest white charger cavorting around suburban and the adherence to that principle is ques­ challenge to the architect is to recreate en­ homes to the ecstatic delight of housewives. tionable in 23 others." vironments for people, within and around The British had been alerted that America Sen. Byrd also pointed out that "prior to his structures. Elegance, grace, style, func­ was ready to turn on. the U.N. sanctions, Rhodesia was our major tional efficiency, economy and durability are There they stood in phalanx, a little self­ source of chromium ore. Now we are in the still as important to owners as ever, but today conscious in their parade debut, immaculate strange position of having to purchase the most pressing need is for humane spaces in white double-breasted tunics trimmed chrome from the Soviet Union who supplies in which people can live and breathe. with gold braid and buttons and sporting the bulk of the raw materials for the North "This, of course, makes our task more shakos emblazoned with the White House Vietnamese war efforts.'' complex. Our office offers a comprehensive crest. They looked like policemen in their Fonner secretary of State Dean Acheson service from researeh, programming and Sunday best after a Saturday to111ng over also has deplored the U.S. policy toward planning, land utilization, and movement the washer-dryer to prove white could be Rhodesia, terming the U.N. economic sanc­ systems to finished engineering, design, con­ whiter than white. tions "barefaced aggression, unprovoked and struction and final inspection. This includes Those shakos may have been loaned only unjustified by a. single legal or moral prin­ landscape and site preparation, interior de­ temporarily by a corps of baton twirlers ciple.'' sign, space planning, communications, cost from a high school band. But the composite Just how it can be done, we do not presume analysis and budgeting." effect wa.s not only unusual but ghastly. to know, but somehow the U.S. should find A more classical recital of the role of the Elizabeth and her beefeaters and the Pope a way to acknowledge that we made a major architect for these years could hardly be and his Swiss guards need not worry about foreign policy mistake in siding with Great composed. It could serve, of course, for any a threat to their ceremonial supremacy. Britain in this private fuss and change our sophisticated full-service team of men, but We think Mr. Nixon was 111 advised to per­ policy toward Rhodesia. for the Kling office, in particular, it describes mit this comic opera. There may be no busi­ .really the thrust of Vincent Kling himself. ness like show business, but this was a Here is one of the few architectural sole camp at the highest level. It is polltlcally in­ THE CHALLENGE OF AN ARCIDTECT proprietors of today with such a tremendous ept when everyone is asked to tighten his talent for personal organization and with belt to let out your shakos. You should not such command of his staff, that he is able veto one day and parade your fancy-cos­ HON. HUGH SCOTT to reach deeply into the critical decision­ tumed commandos the next. What did it all OF PENNSYLVANIA making on any project, and earn the right cost? The silent majority would like to to point to most of his buildings and say, know. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES "I was the architect." To be sure, without Thursday, February 5, 1970 a. certain pattern of capable, understanding, and supporting associates, he would be pow· FOREIGN POLICY MISTAKE Mr. SCOT!'. Mr. President, I invite erless. Yet, to them, he remains their ulti­ attention to a Philadelphia architect who mate source of unique directionru power. has designed Philadelphia institutions Kling can point to a surprising number of HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. and whose work has been recognized all buildings right in the front yard of his of­ OF VIRGINL\ over the Nation. While he has designed fice which is in the heart of Philadelphia ( al· though his work spreads over the states of IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES projects outside his home city, Vincent Kling recently reached the pinnacle when eastern U.S.): the Municipal services build­ Thursday, February 5, 1970 ing across from the venerable old City Hall, he was selected to design the new Fed­ the realty of Penn Center, the mM ·build­ Mr. BYRD of Virginia. Mr. President, eral Triangle here in the Nation's Capital. ing, John F. Kennedy Plaza, and eight other I ask unanimous consent to have printed Building Construction magazine's latest buildings or courts. Upcoming are the twin 1n the Extensions of Remarks an edi- issue contains a complete pro.fie of Vin- towers of Center Square, and not far away February 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2651 is the new U.S. Mint. In a city noted for its Speaking of his own role, Kling is quick to load and men. Each Director is responsible pride in Independence Hall, its traditions, state that he exercises no arbitrary veto for not only job progress, but for satisfactory and its cultural attainments, ;this mani!es­ power. To him, design is a two-way street, a on-going client relations, holding to client tation of confidence is enviable indeed. process of asking, exploring, and listening, budgets, and timing of client progress pay­ BEAUTY STILL SUPREME "letting outside forces impinge on your own ments. In addition, Directors carry the prime mind." His concern ls to .aiSsure that no fac­ responsibility for the morale of the men, At the heart of Kling's strength is a.n in­ tors which should be obvious are overlooked. including recommendations for promotion tense dedication to design. In these archi­ And, he insists on much thinking bef9re de­ and compensation. In general, the Studio tectural years, when exploding technology finitive lines appear on paper. "Too many de­ Director is responsible for the administra­ in structure, materials, and methods has al­ signers begin to talk a language before they tion of the jobs, while Roth carries design most stolen the prime attention of archi­ have something to say." responsib1Uty. tects and engineers, when client demands as Working with his architects, Kling dis­ Traditionally, the office goes outside for well as labor has upped the oost of buildings, plays a fascin.a.ting talent for holding up its structural engineering, and under the di­ Kling still insists that while these demands targets of design possibility, and parcels of rection of Al Huber, the firm maintains con­ are being met skillfully, ea.ch building must study, that excite the imagination and in­ tact with about six structural consultants. be composed overall to have a special humane spires the best efforts of his men. There is For mechanical engineering the firm also appeal-in short, to be beautiful. Every also the talent for judging the fitness of a engages appropriate outside consultants, ex­ building from his office is conceived as an direction of study and sensing intuitively its cept that just last July the office asked the example of quality in architectural design. consummation. "I hold no one's pencil; I c.an firm of Charles S. Leopold, Inc., mechanical His beauty is of the 1970's however; not indicate where a study should go, but I tell and electrical engineers to merge with Vin­ the classical beauty of visible form alone. no one how to get there." The true magni­ cent G. Kling and Associates. This firm, It is the beauty of the artful blending of all tude of his talent for this kind of controlled founded in 1923, is now a corporation under the impacts of a building on the senses-­ concentration comes through when you learn the direction of James Bricker, operating lighting, air-conditioning, sound, materials, that there may be more than a dozen sub­ as Kling-Leopold, Inc. This was a step in scale and proportion as they induce a re­ stantial projects in the office at one time in the direction of greater in-house capability sponse of better human well being. this critical stage of development. And, when for full range service. Kling's work calls no­ The challenge to his men has resulted in representatives are made to a client, several ticeably for a thorough distribution of ter­ superior performance, and they have earned of the project's men are present, but the minal units and control devices integrated commissions and rewards in growing and man who leads the session ls Kling. sensitively with the architecture of the fullsome measure. Whereas 10 years ago, In short, his mastery of a project is the building. Kling could refer to e. staff of 85 men who result of an arrangement of men who are. For overall office continuity, and coordi­ had earned 55 honor citations for excellence, able to help him handle the major aspects of nation, Kling and the twelve associates, today with a staff approaching 300 men, the design which he feels must reflect his judg­ which includes the five Studio Directors, meet office has been honored by over 150 citations ment and direction, while his associates con­ every two weeks, ( alternating with the Di­ nationally and locally. trol the total job for the sake of the project rector's weeks). With Roth, Huber, the Fi­ To implement the work, the staff is di­ and the welfare of the office. Those major as­ nancial Officer, W. C. Taylor, the Director of vided into five offices or Studios, each with pects include those features which the client Communications, Gerre Jones, and the Per­ a Studio Director, and each with sufficient has been assured will reflect Kling's own sonnel Manager, R. Bauer, the group dis­ man-power to handle a project from con­ interpretation. cusses job progress and current firmwide ception to final inspection. Each Studio car­ Coming along in this spirit is his son, welfare. Then monthly, the Studio Directors ries a variety of projects in various stages Vincent Kling, Jr., who, following recent and all the staff architects meet with Kling of design or construction, and currently the degrees in architeature and planning, is and Roth to be updated on new technologies, total value of the work in any one office has working on a new civic center project. And, construction procedures, findings in urban been running from $100 to $250 million. a brother of Kling senior, Paul Kling, is development, cost trends, etc. For a renewal One studio is exceeding $300 million with a managing field work at the new and inter­ of spirits, the associates, department heads, very large airport project. esting Philadelphia International Airport and Kling get awa.y from the office two or HOW HE WORKS project. three times a year for a short retreat from the phones and the office tensions. The sessions arottnd the conference table PROGRESS THROUGH A STUDIO with the client representaitives are extremely SPECIFICATIONS AND MATERIALS significant. Kling makes them man-to-man Ea.ch Studio Director operates with a fixed exchanges, thought-starting explorations, group of nine or ten staff architects plus a Specifications are also handled in the tra­ supporting group of draftsmen. There may ditional manner. As soon as specific materials which, before he is through, are thorough and methods evolve in the design process, and conclusive. For these, he marshals a be five to eight active projects going along at any one time, each under a staff architect­ the specifications chief is asked to prepare three-man front. Kling zeros in, on center, trial paragraphs. These are reviewed with on the parameters and opportuntties of the in-charge. A staff architect of one Studio may be loaned to another as Studio work the staff' architect and the Studio Director, total situation-the functions and spaces and there are additions and refinements 1n and client ambitions. loads and architect aptitudes may Justify. There is no competition among Studios ex­ in a running series of exchanges with the While absorbing and revealing in this di­ specification department. When materials rection, the other two men keep embryo ideas cept for performance that issues in under­ standable pride. No Studio ls allowed to critical to exterior or interior architectural under control. On his right sits Frederick G. design are under consideration, Kling him­ Roth, Director of Design; architect, designer, become a specialist in any one building type. Each one, like the total firm, has developed self becomes involved in the material char­ active in the fine arts, he is responsible for acteristics and even in brand considerations. the design of all projects. With Kling since design experience. Under Jack Rutkowski, senior Director, his Samples, displays, and mock-ups are subject 1952, he is ready with observations in depth to Kling's approval, and many times he has about structure, materials, vital equipment, Studio is active on: two office buildings, a medical/dental school, a laboratory, college had preconceived preferences for a. certain configurations and feasibillty generally. At brand, based on research and field experience. Kling's left is Albert L. Huber, Director of campus, and a private hospital, for a total Production; architect, experienced in con­ of $136.5 million. Other Studios have a similar MATERIALS RESEARCH struction supervision, with Kling since 1953. variety though the total work loads may not To expedite the inquiries into the grow­ He is responsible for the control of docu­ always be in balance. ing complexity of the materials applicable mentation of all projects in the office and All projects are considered to pass through to the office projects, the firm set up a short their staitus during construction. He is ready five stages of production: Programing, Sche­ time ago a Research Office with an architec­ with observations in depth about scheduling matics, Preliminary Drawings, Working Draw­ tural engineer, R. Lowden, well experienced of studies, drawings, engineering consult­ ings, and Construction. Drawing techniques with the ways of the office. To control the ants, and office costs. In addition, he is there and organization are still in accord with work load, he meets office inquiries by dig­ with direction about construction methods, traditional practices. With Kling, they are ging up who has the answers to problems and procedures, and project time. And, as an part of the design process, which is never where he is rather than developing the tech­ added strength, he can discuss project costs completed till the final drawings are issued. nical answers himself. Then, again, he may iand pattern of client financing. There ls a continual striving for refinement-­ assist in the run down of alternates, like the When a project, or any phase of it, is ready a heavying up of a window section, the light­ study that determined that the best roof for studies, the work is assigned to a Studio ening of mill profiles for a wood celling, surface for the unusual Richmond Coliseum and a staff architect, who will be in charge another offset in a Joint for better weather­ would be aluminum sheets with a porce­ for the life of the project. In the drafting ing. In fact, the number of hours budgeted lainlzed flnlsh. In policy, Kling insists on rooms, that a.a.me trio of Kling, Roth, and for the working drawings is substantially an exploration of what is available and then, Huber convene each Monday to analyze the greater than that allowed 1n most offices. a knowledge of its application. development of all projects in the program­ Kling and Roth are involved to the very end, And, research for a project does not stop ming, schematic, and design development. and drawing time ls a Vital factor 1n the on the day of dedication. It includes check­ Obviously, each m-an has learned to know presentation of their fee structure. ing back on the completed building to ap­ how the other two think-both in the con­ praise performance and client satisfaction. ference room and the drafting room, and the TO PRESERVE CONTINUITY The high ratio of repeat clients which the result is a finely tuned trio of complemen­ For continuity of production, the five Di­ office enjoys can be traced, in part, to this tary abilities. rectors meet every two weeks to discuss work post-occupancy client contact. 2652 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1970 CONTROLLING OFFICE COSTS best with what you have, rega.rdless of the ized our treatment of the black minority. As a result CY! a management consultant's budget ... I advocate showing that we ca.re it can only be viewed as opportunistic analysis several years ago, Walter Taylor was (for education, for commerce) and for our community." politics to nominate a Harrold Carswell brought in for financial supervision. From a immediately af·ter the rejection of a background of law and finance, he has grad­ ually intitituted certain controls, but his Clement Haynsworth. greatest contribution is a. policy CY! continual OPPOSITION TO THE APPOINTMENT It has been suggested by the dean of survemance in the drafting room. When a OF G. HARROLD CARSWELL Massachusett's commentators, Louis M. staff architect wants to enlarge on an avenue Lyons, that it should be possible for the of study that wm probably take "extra" President to find "a judge without flaw time, there is a short discussion of its merits HON. MICHAEL J. HARRINGTON to wear the mantle of the Court as befits and cost and a balancing against the possi­ OF MASSACHUSETTS a Justice of the United States." bility of other suoh extras. Because of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I share this view. I urge our colleagues Taylor's unusual ca.pa.city for empathy with the architects in continual man-to-man dis­ Thursday, February 5, 1970 in the upper body to reject the nomina­ cussions, he has been able to avoid any really tion of Harrold carswell for the Supreme Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I Court. serious compromise in their moOd CY! creative wish to protest the nomination by the freedom. Nixon administration of G. Harrold CONTROLLING PROJECT COSTS Carswell to the U.S. Supreme Court. ALCOHOLISM AND CHRONIC LIVER For the task of cost planning, for budget­ ing and definitive estimating, there is an Earilier ithis week one of the distin­ DISEASE Estimating Group which serves the entire guished scholars testifying before the fl.rm. The chief estlmator, aided by four or Senate Judiciary Committee, Dean Louis HON. JACOB K. JA VITS five other estimators, is one of three activi­ Pollak of the Yale Law School, charac­ ties operating under the manager of Con­ terized Judge Carswell as "the most OF NEW YORK struction and Research. The other two a.re poorly qualified nominee in this cen­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Field Inspection-which consists of ten or tury." Thursday, February 5, 1970 eleven construction-experienced field repre­ sentatives, and the Research Office. Under the Dean Pollak came to this conclusion Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, an article direction CY! the manager, there is a continual after examining the credentials of some entitled "The Social Impact of Liver playback from the field men of conditions of the 40 judges going back to Oliver Disease," and published in the New affecting not only material unit costs and Wendell Holmes who was nominated to England Journal of Medicine of De­ labor, but regional practices that affect gen­ the Court from the Supreme Bench of eral conditions items. This, and an exchange cember 25, 1969, represents a statemen~ my State in 1902. of the steering committee of the Ameri­ with the research manager, on cost factors It is ironic that Judge Carswell has revealed in current material inquiries, en­ can Association for the Study of Liver ables the estimators to be quite current and been nominated to fill the very seat oc­ Disease which I commend to the at­ accurate about total job cost. Kling is proud cupied by Mr. Justice Holmes for more tention of the Senate. The chairman of of the office's record of estimates which have than 30 years and before him by a suc­ the committee is Hans Popper, M.D., been typically within about 2 percent CY! cession of great New England jurists dean for academic affairs, Given Foun­ contract figures. who are part of the history of American dation professor and chairman, Depart­ Going at a pace that would do away most constitutional jurisprudence--Cushing, men in three months, and even with the Story, and Gray to name only the best ment of Pathology, Mount Sinai School travel flexibility of his own plane, a seven of Medicine of the City University of passenger Oessna. #421A, Kling decided, known. Needless to say, I do not claim New York. The members of the com­ a.bout a year ago, to bring in a. man to coordi­ this seat for my State, but I do claim it mittee are Charles S. Davidson, M.D., nate prospect development. Now, Gerre Jones, for scholarship and wisdom, for judg­ professor of medicine, Thorndike Me­ as Director of Communications, develops ment and gentleness, and for the high­ morial Laboratory, Harvard Medical presentations to prospeots as well as oppor­ est aspirations of the Republic. tunities for work. Fortunately, much of the School, Boston; Carroll M. Leevy, M.D., I do not condemn Judge Carswell to­ professor of medicine, New Jersey Col­ work comes from the former clients and re­ day for his words of more than 20 years ferrals. As for pure sales, Kling is convinced lege of Medicine and Dentistry, Jersey that by insisting on quality in client rela­ ago-bigoted and insulting as they were City; and Fenton Schaffner, M.D., pro­ tions as well as buildings he has freed him­ to Americans who will be standing before fessor of pathology and medicine, self from time-consuming promotion. the bench on which he is nominated to Mount Sinai School of Medicine of the THE PROFESSION AND THE INDUSTRY sit. As Justice Frankfurter observed: City University of New York. Over ten yea.rs ago, Kling began to enunci­ Wisdom too often never comes, and so one The American Association for the ate convictions about the profession. Today, ought not to reject it merely because it comes late. Study of Liver Disease was founded 20 he declares, even more fervently: years ago as an academic society to deal Architects must concentrate, not so much But Judge Carswell's record, other on profes:,ional pride, as on "the product" of with the scientific aspects of liver dis­ their efforts-the constructed building, the than his own self-serving statement that eases and in the last 2 years has added procedures by which it was realized, the cli­ he has changed his views since 1948, does to its goals the improvement of the ent's total experience. The architect must not reflect that he has indeed acquired medical care of patients with liver dis­ present himself as being responsible for aJl the wisdom which would make more pos­ ease and has thus become concerned of it, and he must prove it. sible his consideration for the Supreme with the delivery of medical care. The architects in offices must a,:sume ag­ Court. Rather to the contrary, some dis­ An abstract of how the steering com­ gressively the responsibility for the training turbing indications have been brought of the younger men-the upcoming archi­ mittee has dealt in the question of de­ tects and technicians. Kling projects them to light before the Senate Judiciary livery of medical care follows: into experiences that will make a young man Committee suggesting that neither in his Although knowledge of hepatic biology and a "total architect." Kling invites the men private life nor in his conduct as a judge, pathology is advanced, the prevention and to client sessions and their completed build­ has he effected the growth toward wis­ treatment of liver disease lag sadly. This dis­ ings. "The men love it," he says. "They don't dom which the ·Nation has every right to crepancy is attributable to lack of facilities understand all that goes on in the give and expect of a Supreme Court nominee. and trained personnel. Morbidity and mor­ take. but they come along fast." Last fall when the Nation was watch­ tality of liver disease a.re increasing in fre­ Kling aJso declares that the building in­ ing consideration of Judge Haynsworth quency because of alcoholism, adverse re­ dustry ls struggling under chaotic practices. actions from drug use and abuse, and viral The architects as a group must take the for the same seat on the Supreme Court, hepatitis are more prevalent. As the nature lead, by study and research, in bringing new I stated that his appointment would have of these factors suggests, the disadvantaged efficiencies into building procedures. They a negating impact on the historic deci­ are particularly at risk. To promote the ap­ have the training, but they must act, and sions rendered by the Court in recent plication of scientific knowledge to the con­ soon, or others will steal the show from years. Clearly, the nomination of Judge trol of liver disease, clinical centers devel­ them. Clients today are more sophisticated Carswell is no improvement over the oped with community participation and de­ about design and management of the work. earlier administration nomination and voted to the management of liver disease are The architect must have construction man­ proposed. These would improve hospital and agement capacity. may indeed represent a backsliding. ambulatory care for a disease that is often Overall, beauty in a building shows re­ At this time in our history when jus­ curable; provide medical and paramedical spect for its function-"Beauty is a matter tice is making discernible effort to cor­ personnel with the specialized knowledge of simplifying the complexities, of doing the rect the imbalance which has character- needed for the management of a debilitaJt- February 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2653 1ng disease, including its psychiatric over­ plication of molecular biology a.nd pathology of therapeutic attempts of limited success. tones; facilitate further research; and en­ to mammalian tissue has been to a large ex­ This is more effective in centers where pre­ sure community participation in controlling tent carried out on the llver. The wealth cipitating factors, such as electrolyte im­ a serious socio-economic burden. of information that has been obtained in balance, renal failure and infection, are rec­ basic functional and structural studies on the ognized earlier. Most important, however, The second problem, as viewed by the liver oontrasts with a relative dearth of are iatrogenic causes. When therapeutic steering committee, concerns the need established information concerning liver dis­ guidelines are not established, the experience for including in the national and local ease. The social revolution in mecllcine calls of the physician in recognizing the subtleties efforts directed against alcoholism a con­ for reassessment of medical service, educa­ of many physiologic details and the varia­ sideration of chronic liver disease. Alco­ tion and research in liver disease, which now tions in the response of patients and in the holic liver disease is not only an impor­ represents a quantitatively important cause disease determine the fate of the patient. or morbidity in the population. Since liver Specific indications a.nd contraindications tant part of the problem of alcoholism disease, especially cirrhosis, is a common for available therapeutic approaches must in view of rising mortality rate, pro­ cause of death preceded by prolonged mor­ be based on controlled studies that are miss­ longed morbidity, high cost to society bidity requiring frequent hospitalizations, it ing. Such information will be necessary even and inadequate treatment facilities but it is a serious economic problem for society. A for extra.corporeal assistance or for liver is also the first manifestation of injury device combining service, education and re­ transplantation. The gaps in knowledge dif­ from alcoholism in many persons who search and providing the necessary co-opera­ fer in the various diseases because of specific have no previous policy or psychiatric tion with the community would be centers problems. devoted to the management of liver diseases Of the liver diseases, the one 1n the alco­ record and are socially well functioning. as part of the national programs for im­ holic is the most important economic and These persons are particularly promis­ provement of health care. social problem since alcoholism is such a ma­ ing candidates for medical as well as Cirrhosis is increasing in frequency among jor health problem in the United States and alchohol withdrawal therapy. Neverthe­ the causes of death. At present, it is listed in the Western world. Approximately 6,500,- less, the doctors point out, most of the as the fourth or fifth cause of death in pa­ 000 persons a.re affected by alcoholism in the efforts are today directed almost entirely tients above 40 years of a.ge,1 and the death United States, with an increase of 1,500,000 rate from cirrhosis rose more than that from within the last decade.e This figure is con­ toward the behavioral problem. other causes in the last decade in the servative. When the relatives of patients are I believe the recommendations of Dr. United States.i1 Recent surveys indicate that included, at least 20,000,000 Americans suffer Popper and the members of the steer­ the disease is also on the rise in Europe. A from consequences of alcoholism. The major ing committee of the American Associa­ death rate from cirrhosis in France of 34.2 problems usually cited and supported hand­ tion for the Study of Liver Disease merit per 100,000 and in Portugal of 30.4 per 100,000 somely by governmental and other agencies serious consideration by the people and population has been reported.a are those handled by psychiatrists a.nd so­ Clinical recognition and management of ciologists. The prolonged high cost to society particularly by those concerned in na­ liver disease varies considerably, depending incurred by the individual alcoholic results tional and local efforts directed against on the training and interest of the physician from chronic liver disease rather than from alcoholism. I ask unanimous consent and the availability of appropriate facilities. mental disorders, which are more frequently that the article be printed in the RECORD. The concern of the physician and his in­ acute than chronic. By contra.st, the alco­ There being no objection, the article terest in the somatic welfare of the patient holic with cirrhosis presents the problem not was ordered to be printed in the REC­ is of particular importance in the alcoholic, only of absenteeism but also of long-term ORD, as follows: who is probably more effectively persuaded disability entailing expensive hospitalization to abstain from alcohol by the interested and medical care. This is borne out by the THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF L!VER DISEASE physician taking care of his physical mness available mortality statistics, which under­ (By Hans Popper, M.D., Charles s. Davidson, than by the psychiatrist or social worker. state the case since reluctance exists to list M.D., Carroll M. Leevy, M.D., and Fenton The same thing may be true for the drug ad­ alcoholic cirrhosis on a death certificate. In­ Schaffner, M.D.) dict when he seeks medical care for hepatitis. stead, the complications or consequences of (Statement of the Steering Oommittee of Prevention and proper therapy require basic cirrhosis, such as infection and hemorrhage, the American Association for the Study of knowledge of etiology and epidemiology and a.re listed. In 1964, 11,000 deaths in the Liver Disease. From the Mount Sinai School the recognition of persons at risk of chronic United States were attributed to alcoholic of Medicine of the City University of New disease. This is largely lacking for hepatic disorders.7 Three fourths of these were from York, the Thorndike Memorial Laboratory, disease. The causative agent of the most fre­ cirrhosis, a :fifth from alcoholism itself, and Boston City Hospital, and the New Jersey quent acute liver disease in adults, viral hep­ the rest from psychosis related to alcoholism. College of Medicine and Dentistry, East atitis, has not been isolated, and the eti­ The death rate from alcoholic disorders had Orange, N.J. (address reprint requests to Dr. ology of cirrhosis, except the one related to risen from 5.5 per 100,000 in 1950 to 8.7 in Popper at Mount Sinai School of Medicine, chronic alcohol abuse, has not been estab­ 1964. This increase is entirely the result of Fifth Ave., and lOOth, New Yorl<:, N.Y. 10029). lished. Even with alcohol abuse, factors re­ cirrhosis. This rise involves 30 per cent of sponsible for the known variation in suscep­ white males and 90 per cent of nonwhite ABSTRACT tibility to cirrhosis have not been identified. males. In females, the increase was 75 per Although knowledge of hepatic biology and Moreover, chronologic events 1n the conver­ cent in white and 150 per cent 1n nonwhite. pathology is advanced, the prevention and sion of a liver from normal to cirrhotic in In the nonwhite group, the increase occurred treatment of liver disease la.g sadly. This dis­ both alcoholic and nonalcoholic persons re­ in the fourth decade, whereas in whites, it is crepancy is attributable to lack of facili­ quire documentation. The problem is com­ in the 50's and 60's.2 Life-insurance statistics ties and trained personnel. Morbidity and plicated by the need to delineate further the dealing only with the American white popu­ mortality of liver disease are increasing in role in chronic liver injury of toxic agents lation suggest that the increase was much frequency because alooholism, adverse reac­ in the environment and particularly in foods greater at the lower than at the higher eco­ tions from drug use and abuse, and viral and beverages. nomic levels, the lower ones being industrial hepatitis are more prevalent. As the nature Inadequacy of our knowledge ls also re­ policy holders who are members of the urban of these factors suggests, the d1sadvan­ flected in the unavailability of specific wage-earning, lower-income families, and ta.ged are particularly at risk. therapy for liver disease, except for bacterial not including the indigent.8 In another To promote the application of scientific and parasitic infections. We have been suc­ study, the death rate attributed to cirrhosis knowledge to the control of liver disease, cessful in treating the complications of liver was compared between 1957-58 and 1965-66 clinical centers developed with community diseases such as bleeding esophageal varices, in Baltimore. An increase of 47.4 per cent participation and devoted to the management ascites, coma and renal failure rather than was found in white men, one of 76.3 per cent of liver disease are proposed. These would in treating the sick liver itself. Asymptomatic in white women, one of 162.7 per cent in improve hospital and ambulatory care for a cirrhosis is found at autopsy rather fre­ Negro men, and one of 259.7 per cent in disease that is often cur.able; provide medical quently. The spontaneous regulation of fac­ Negro women.9 The authors also point out and paramedical personnel with the spe­ tors making cirrhosis sometimes almost in­ that fatty liver even without cirrhosis is a cialized knowledge needed for the manage­ nocuous could be imitated by proper therapy com:rnon finding in otherwise unexplained ment of a debilitating disease, including its if instituted at the right time. That manage­ sudden death. psychiatric overtones; facilitate further re­ ment .may have an effect is also indicated by Fatty liver, alooholic hepaititis or cirrhosis search; and ensure community participation the change of the clinical and pathological may occur in alcoholics who are socially in controlling a serious socio-economic features of cirrhosis in recent years. Later functioning. As yet unsettled is the rel.ative burden. stages of the post-necrotic or macronodular role of alcohol toxicity a.nd malnutrition to The social revolution in medicine chal­ types appear to be more frequent now than the development of liver disease 1n alco­ lenges the relevance of the present service the previously more common Laennec or holics. Natural-history studies have not to the sick from the points of view of the micronodular cirrhosis.' & clearly shown the transition of fatty liver total society, of the information taught The management of acute hepatic failure into cirrhosis. Alcoholic hepatitis with or medical students e.nd physicians and of the ln cirrhosis as well as in acute hepatic disease, without central hyaline sclerosis10 seems to direction of research. The liver has been a like viral hepatitis or pernicious drug re­ be an intermediary stage, in the develop­ target of many clinical and ~le-science in­ actions, by medical therapy remains a target ment of cirrhosis,11 although it is not estab­ vestigations because of its size, homogeneity lished whether it is a necessary one. The and prominent role in metabolism. The ap- Footnotes at end of article. roles of genetic predisposition, the total 2654 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1970 a.mount of alcohol taken a.nd the pattern of eral level with involvement of the private patients with biopsy proven fatty liver and a intake may explain why some alcoholics are sector ais well as tax-supported local hospitals, review of the terature. Medicine (Balt) 41: spared from cirrhosis. When alcoholic hepa­ the regional medical program, the Public 249-276,1962 titis develops, transition to cirrhosis is prob­ Health Service and the Veterans Administra­ 12 Powell WJ Jr, Klatskln G: Duration of able if alcohol abuse oontinues.11 Even in tion. ·survival in patients with Laennec's cirrhosis: fully developed cirrhosis of the alcoholic, ar­ The size of the problem of liver diseases influence of alcohol withdrawal, and possible rest with prolonged survival ls possible with and the lack of knowledge, more of clinical effects in recent changes in general manage­ sustained abstinence.12 This points to the ne­ factors than of basic ones, represent ele­ ment of the disease. Amer J Med 44:406-420, cessity of rehabilltatlon programs to reduce ments of need. Mea.ns to answer these needs 1968 morbidity and mortality.13 Their effectiveness are available, but progress is hampered by 1s Leevy CM, CUnniff CL, Walton D, et al: depends upon the co-operation with commu­ the following items: the lack of interest on Organization and function of a clinic for the nity groups. The total social cost of cirrhosis the part of practitioners, hospital officials alcoholic patient with liver disease. I. Effect in alcoholics has been estimated to be higher and the public at large in a disease that in of rehabilitation on hepatic abnormalities. than $2,000,000,000 per year.'l Thus, preven­ the past has been linked to alcoholism; the Quart J Stud Alcohol 15: 537-544, 1954 tion by recognition of the asympoomatic per­ inadequate facillties available for diagnosis u Senior JR: Reflections upon the incidence sons at risk, treatment of hepatic failure re­ and chronic care of patients with liver of posttransfusion hepatitis in various parts sulting from cirrhosis and long-term man­ disease; and the relatively small number of of the world. Amer J Gastroent 49:298-303, agement are high-priority health problems. physicians and clinical scientists devoting 1968 Although cirrhosis in the alcohollc ls the themselves primarily to liver diseases as 15 Shimizu Y, Kitamoto O: The incidence most important fraction responsible for the contrasted to the many experimentalists of viral hepatitis after blood transfusions. rise of the death rate from cirrhosis, the studying basic aspects of the liver. Avail­ Gastroenterology 44: 740-744, 1963 death rate from other types of cirrhosis also ability of special centers for liver disease 18 Sutnick Al, London WT, Blumberg BS: seems to be tncreaslngJ.i Viral hepatitis ts would permit the immediate application of Australia antigen and the quest for a hepa­ possibly the main etiology of nonalcoholic currently available knowledge to a larger titis virus. Amer J Dig Dis 14:189-194, 1969 cirrhosis, at least in the Western world. The segment of the population. 17 National Research Council, Division of size of the problem of viral hepatitis ls un­ Liver centers would facilitate further Medical Sciences, Committee on Plasma and known, however, because the frequency of clinical as well as basic research in an ap­ Plasma Substitutes. The Incidence, MortaU.ty the anicteric variety of both the serum and propriate environment and permit rapid in­ and Prevention of Posttransfusion Hepatitis. infectious forms is not established. The lc­ crease of medical and paramedical personnel Edited by GF Grady. Washington, DC, Na­ teric form may represent as little as 10 per with special expertise in liver diseases. They tional Academy of Sciences, 1965 cent and as much as 50 per cent of all could dissem1nate the knowledge acquired by 18 Trey C, Lipworth L, Chalmers TC, et al: cases.i. 15 This ls complicated by ignorance demonstration to the referring physicians on Fulminant hepatic failure: presumable con­ about the fate of anlcteric hepatitis. The their own patient material. Such centers tribution of halothane. New Eng J Med 279: problem of chroniclty and its relation to im­ would permit development of a medical and 798-801, 1968 munologic and flbrogenlc factors is a.n ex­ social team approach that would extend into 19 Newberne PM, Butler WM: Acute and perimental and clinical problem that might the community to help prevent and recog­ chronic effects of aflatoxin on the liver of be solved with presently available technics nize hepatic injury and provide continuous domestic and laboratory animals: a review. and by epldemlologic investigation establish­ ambulatory follow-up observation of pa­ Cancer Res 29:236--250, 1969 ing the persons at risk even without a spe­ tients with chronic liver disease. They would cific virologic test to determine etiology. The also assist in the rehabilitation of patients immediate future will tell whether the dem­ with alcoholic hepatitis, in whom the risk of onstration of Australia antigen 1e will be the development of cirrhosis ls great. These cen­ THE PLASTIC BAG MENACE etiologic test long searched for. Research on ters could be affiliated with existing centers viral hepatitis involves virologic investiga­ for control of alcohol or of drug abuse or tions, the study of the immunology, the could be made part of the Regional Medical HON. ABNER J. MIKVA management of acute hepatic failure in the Program. By these mechanisms, the centers OF ILLINOIS patients in whom massive necrosis develops would become part of a community effort in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ( approximately 4000 fatali ties per year in the view of the built-in community advisory United States) 11 a.nd the prevention of committees. The activities of the profes­ Thursday, February 5, 1970 transition into cirrhosis. A special problem in sional medical and paramedical personnel would be woven together with those of lay Mr. /MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, during the viral hepatitis ls its frequent development last decade, over 300 infants have died in in youths using drugs by injection nonthera­ groups to provide broad coverage for case peutically. detection, maintenance of therapeutic America from suffocation, their breaths The increasing number and sophistication supervision in chronic disease and ma.na.ge­ stopped short by the thin film of plastic of therapeutic agents has led to a rising num­ ment of drug or alcohol withdrawal. bags. This needless loss of life can be ber of hepatic adverse drug reactions, some of FOOTNOTES prevented by adequate safety measures. which threaten life, particularly if they re­ 1 United States Department of Health, Edu­ Al though there has been some improve­ sult in .acute massive necrosis. Drug-induced cation and Welfare. Vital Statistics of the ment in recent years-thinner material, hepatic reactions make up a considerable United States, 1967. Vol 2--Mortality. Wash­ providing perforation-more needs to be fraction of persons with massive necrotic ington, DC, Government Printing Office, 1969 18 done. Today, I am introducing a bill hepatitis with high mortality rate. The 2 Cirrhosis of the liver and socioeconomic which will help curb the dangerous de­ problem in most of the hepatic drug reac­ status. Statist Bull Metrop Life Insur Co tions that involve only a small number of sign and uses of plastic sheeting, in the 49:4-6,1968 hope that other children will not die patients taking the drug in an unpredictable a Cirrhosis of the liver and alcoholism. fashion lies in identifying the persons at risk World Health Statistics Report 21(11) :629- and that other families will not have to rather than only in toxicologic studies in 688, 1968 suffer like the infants described above animals. This requires recognition of either 'Popper H, Rubin E, Krus S, et al: Post­ and their families. genetic abnormalities of drug metabolism or necrotic cirrhosis in alcoholics. Gastroenter­ The bill I am introducing today would immunologic factors as the basis of the dis­ ology 39: 699-685, 1960 give the Secretary of Health, Education, ease. The study of the patient with the re­ II action is therefore most promising. Popper H, Schaffner F: Hepatic cirrhosis: and Welfare specific statutory authori­ The list of diseases could be lengthened by a problem in communication. Israel J Med zation to set safety standards covering Sci 4:1-7, 1968 the design of plastic bags and other com­ inclusion of liver disease in children and by 8 exploration of environmental factors produc­ Strachan JG; Alcoholism: Trea.taible ill­ mercial articles utilizing plastic sheeting ing hidden intoxications in food or from pes­ ness. Vancouver, Canada, Mitchell Press, 1968 with dangerous adhesive characteristics. ticides. The recent success in isolating the 1 Terris M: Epidemiology of cirrhosis of the liver: national mortality data. Amer J Pub I realize that last year Congress passed mycotoxin aflatoxln 10 ls an example. the Child Protection and Toy Safety Act Liver disease in general is more frequent Health 57: 2076-2088, 1967 in impoverished and disadvantaged peoples in 8 Alcoholism: a growing medical-social of 1969, Public Law No. 91-113, as an both prosperous and underdeveloped nations. problem. Statist Bull Metrop Life Insur Co amendment to the Federal Hazardous This ls related to increased chance of expo­ 48:7-10, 1967 Substances Act. But there is some ques­ sure to infectious agents, greater prevalence 9 Kramer K, Kuller L, Fisher R: The in­ tion whether the provisions of that act o! nutritional deficiencies of various types creasing mortality attributed to cirrhosis and will in fact provide adequate authority and delayed recogni tlon and receipt of proper fatty liver, in Baltimore (1957-1006). Ann for regulation of the manufacture and treatment for initial phases of liver injury. Intern Med 69 :273-282, 1968 use of plastic bags and plastic sheeting. The current effort to deliver better medical 10 Edmondson HA, Peters RL, Reynolds TB, care to the disadvantaged Americans em­ et al: Sclerosing hyallne necrosis of the liver The bill I introduce today would specifi­ phasizes the urgent need to bring biology of in the chronic alcoholic: a recognizable clin­ cally insure that the Secretary has such the liver and medical care of liver disease to­ ical syndrome. Ann Intern Med 59:646-673, authority. In doing so, it would help to gether at this time. This requires program 1963 prevent further accidental deaths result­ planning at the community, state and fed- 11 Leevy CM: Fatty liver: a study of 270 ing from such products. February 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2655 UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY of their real independence-the inde­ H.R. 15631, A Bll.L TO INCORPORATE pendence of their souls and hearts. As THE NATIONAL RIVER ACADEMY long as they possess this spirit, they will OF THE UNITED STATES HON. LEONARD FARBSTEIN never give up their resistance to the Red OF NEW YORK tyrants. On the observance of the 52d IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES anniversary of the Ukrainian In­ HON. BILL ALEXANDER OF ARKANSAS Thursday, February 5, 1970 dependence Day I wish the people of Ukraine fortitude and luck in their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. FARBSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, more national struggle. than 50 years ago when a band of brave Thursday, February 5, 1970 and patriotic Ukrainians unfurled the Mr. ALEXANDER. Mr. Speaker, I have banner of revolt against their oppressors introduced a bill, H.R. 15631, to incorpo­ and proclaimed their national independ­ AMERICA'S MOBILE MINORITY rate the National River Academy of the ence, they were attaining the cherished United States. This bill is an outgrowth dream of all their compatriots. As a re­ of a great deal of work in the past few sult of the Russian revolution, czarist HON. J. HERBERT BURKE months on behalf of myself and many, autocracy was shattered and it was only OF FLORIDA many people throughout this country natural that the largest non-Russian IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES who are interested in the orderly and ethnic element in Russia's polyglot em­ Thursday, February 5, 1970 rapid growth of the inland waterways pire should be the first to assert its free­ industry and the continued development dom and independence. But wartime Mr. BURKE of Florida. Mr. Speaker, and utilization of our rivers' resources. events, over which Ukrainians had no we are increasingly hearing the voices of Several months ago I proposed the control, and unforeseen postwar inter­ so many differing groups of Americans, establishment of a National River Acad­ national convulsions, proved too costly who have pooled their resources, banded emy to be located at Helena, Ark. At the and disastrous to the newly proclaimed together, and have organized, in lairge time I made this proposal, I said: independent state. Even before the end numbers and small, to demand the rights, The growing need for trained personnel of the war it was attacked by the Poles in opportunities and benefits of this great to operate our waterways tra.nsportation net­ the north, and at the end of the war, it land to which they feel they are entitled work of barges, d,am!; and ports is going to was altogether too weak to withstand the as citizens. Undoubtedly, many are mushroom in the next fifty years. At the deadly onslaught of the Red army. The justified. present time, there are not any schools sad result was that a little more than And yet, ironically, one group of Amer­ which have been specifically established to icans which is unequivocally the most train inland waterways personnel to operate 2 years after its national independence towboats on the rivers and canals. This Ukraine was forced to surrender its in­ forgotten, the neediest, and the least Situaition exists even though the vessels ha.ve dependence to the Red army in Novem­ served of the widely differing peoples been more technologically sophisticated and ber of 1920. comprising our country, has not been the traffic more dense. Today Ukraine is the second largest heard from. With the purposes for industrial expansion socialist republic in the Soviet Union, I refer to many of our migrant farm­ along the banks of our waterways and with second only in importance and popula­ workers today, who each year come forth · the present need that exists for trained per­ tion to the Russian Socialist Republic. from all parts of rural America to the sonnel to operate and maintain the tows and agricultural scene, offering their vital barges on the inland waterways of the United Some 45 million Ukrainians constitute States, there appears to be a present demand about a fifth of the Soviet Union's total services in assuring an adequate agrarian for the establishment of a training academy population. The Ukraine has always been working force to reap the harvest of na­ for river personnel. one of the most fertile grain-producing ture's 1bounty which helps to nurture all areas in Europe. As a matter of fact, the of us. Too often the lives of many of Discussions with leaders in the inland whole Soviet Union is dependent to a these workers are characterized by waterways industry throughout the coun­ great extent for its grain supply and for wholly inadequate housing facilities, a try in recent months has only served to a large variety of other foodstuffs on the shameful lack of educational opportuni­ confirm this prediction. The case for es­ Ukraine. ties for their children, and a genuine tablishing such a training institution can It is tragic that so many million need for meaningful health services. be easily made. At the present time, there Ukrainians, constituting such an im­ The Congress has at times recognized are six academies in this country to train portant segment of Europe, do not enjoy that it has a responsibility to these the 40,000 persons employed on our many of the elemental privileges and workers and it has taken some important ocean-going vessels. And, yet, there are amenities of life which are considered first steps in recognizing and fulfilling its no formal training facilities to train the in free societies in the free world as the responsibility for the improvement of the 80,000 persons who are employed on the birthright of all human beings. If the lives of migratory agricultural workers-­ Nation's inland waterways. Ukrainians were living under normal these steps being the appropriation of In the coming years, we hope to see a conditions, and if they were in a position funds for improving primary and sec­ dramatic growth and development in the to realize their aspirations, they would ondary schools; advances in health care inland waterways industry. It is esti­ gladly seize the opportunity to establish services; child protection; and other mated that waterborne tonnage will in­ a democratic government in their home­ similar programs. crease 450 percent during the coming 50 land. Unfortunately, however, for more Yet, so much more remains to be done. years. At the same time, more sophisti­ than five decades conditions have not The migrant farmworkers often travel in cated equipment and technology is con­ been normal in the Ukraine, and are not family groups, working side by side in stantly being introduced onto the Na­ normal now. the fields of America's farmland, to help tion's 23,000 miles of inland waterways. Since 1920 these sturdy people have to bring about abundance to Americans, These factors add up to a challenge, in not known freedom in their native land. but reaping few harvests, :financially or the name of both efficiency and safety, to There is, however, one encouraging ligbt otherwise, for their own benefits from offer the best possible training programs in this rather gloomy present. The innate their labors. and opportunities to the people employed and inborn desire of the Ukrainian peo­ It is my hope that in the months ahead in this key industry. ple to regain their freedom is an undying we in the Congress will not fail to direct The leaders of this industry have told and living force in today's Ukraine. our attention and our energies to the me that this is a project they want. They, Neither the tyrants of Moscow, nor their task of ultimately eliminating this gross too, see the advantage of using the lat­ minions in the Ukraine, can extinguish est techniques and tools available to pro­ this spirit of freedom and independence error of omission of our society to our vide their personnel with the best train­ which all liberty-loving Ukrainians claim migrant farmworkers. ing available. They, too, recognize that as their inalienable birthright. As long We must insure them and their fam­ on-the-job training, while offering expe­ as that noble spirit is kept alive, and as ilies that they will have the opportunity rience that is absolutely essential, does long as the ideal of national freedom is to fully participate in the prosperity to not offer the efficient training or the ef­ cherished by the people of Ukraine, no which they themselves have nobly con­ fective instruction that is necessary in dictatorship or tyranny can rob them tributed. a dynamic industry. 2656 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1970 In other words, Mr. Speaker, the de­ want to insure the best college oppor­ power a.nd abusing power, in their ceaseless gree and quality of training and instruc­ tunity they can get. attempts to achieve their purposes. mstory tion that the National River Academy thus reveals the ways of men when they Clearly, a break is needed by these are free, for freedom, in its most profound will off er is something that is needed and families, and just as clearly, there must sense, is the capacity of men to shape their wanted, by the inland waterways indus­ be financial help for our ~olleagues if own world. If history is taught as dead facts, try throughout this country. This acad­ they are to serve as adequately through it is being badly taught. If it ls taught to in­ emy will be national in scope, it will be the decade. This bill, with minimal jeop­ culcate "obedience" and "docility," it has national in emphasis, and it will produce ardy to any party-students, colleges or been perverted into propaganda. results that will be felt nationally. the Government-can provide that As for the social sciences themselves, the It is for these reasons that I have in­ assistance. one thing they ca.n never do ls replace his­ troduced H.R. 15631, a bill to incorpo­ I urge my colleague.:, to consider the tory. By their very nature, the social sciences show us men when they are not free. Psy­ rate the National River Academy under need for and wisdom of the solution pro­ chology describes us insofar as we are bound the acts of Congress. This is a project posed today. by behavioral "laws." Sociology describes and a goal that should be recognized us insofar as we are bound by social "forces." publicly by this Congress. It is a project Anthropology describes us insofar as we a.re that should have the backing of this THE ATTACK ON IDSTORY bound by inherited "custom." These sciences Congress. do depict mankind, but it is a partial pic­ I am hopeful that early hearings and HON. RICHARD BOLLING ture. If all we knew of ourselves were de­ consideration of this propasal can be rived from social science, men would know scheduled, and that my colleagues in the OF MISSOURI themselves only as passive creatures of iron­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES clad laws and circumstance. Only the study Congress will join me in recognizing the of history can rectify a. view of ma.n so dan­ inland waterways industry as one which Thursday, February 5, 1970 gerously one-sided; can show us not only is vital to the future development of this Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, the "At­ as passive creatures, which we are, but as country and which needs and deserves tack on History" is the subject of a timely active creators and lawmakers, which we our support. also are. editorial in the current issue of Horizon To answer the teachers' demand for a. pre­ magazine. Contributing Editor Walter cise "objective" in studying history, de­ Karp finds his answers to the attack in fenders of history might well turn to Jeffer­ TAX INCENTIVES FOR COLLEGE Thomas Jefferson's memorable writings son's words. In a republic, he said, the pur­ EDUCATION FUNDS on the purpose of studying history. I pose of history is to "enable every man to call to the attention of my colleagues the judge for himself what will secure or endan­ editorial, which appears in the 1970 win­ ger his freedom." Surely that is "precise" HON. ABNER J. MIKVA enough and "relevant" enough to satisfy OF ILLINOIS ter edition of Horizon. It follows: anyone. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THE ATl'ACK ON HlsTORY It is seldom that alarming news emerges Thursday, February 5, 1970 from learned journals of eduCSltlon and the A TRIBUTE TO JUDGE DAVID Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, any family decisions of educational committees. Such, HOLMAN putting a child through college today however, ls the case today, a.nd the news is knows what a thoroughly frustrating well worth pondering. It ls simply that the teaching of history is being seriously under­ HON. LESTER L. WOLFF burden that can be. Each year tuition mined. Atta.eked by teachers, by educational and housing costs jump again, as do the leaders, a.nd by academic scholars, the his­ OF NEW YORK costs of books and a young person's social tory currlculums in the nation's schools a.re IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES life. It is often discouraging for 1:1, student in the process of being cut to the bare min­ Thursday, February 5, 1970 to look forward to years more of such a imum prescribed by state laws. It ls high marginal existence, or for his parents to ti.me to sa.y something in history's defense. Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, although try to prepare for a future of increasing Of criticism, the teaching of history suffers his death came immediately before the college costs for the rest of their no lack. Most of the criticism is harsh and recent congressional recess, it would be curiously contradictory. On the one hand, a grave injustice not to take time to children. history courses a.re accused of being mere But colleges, in view of a tripling stu­ compilations of dead facts. On the other note the passing of David Holman, who, dent population in the next decade, are hand, they are criticized for being mere at the time of his death, was a New York also reaching for funds to maintain and packages of "pieties," designed to each obe­ State supreme court justice. expand their academic capacities. For dience, docility, humility, according to one Judge Holman, in a long career that everyone, then, the prospect of investing diStingui.shed American educator, Edgar spanned four decades, was a public serv­ in education seems insurmountable-it Bruce Wesley. The famous Harvard historian ant who epitomized the ideals of service Oscar Handlin says that history should be and dedication to the public good. is difficult enough now to find resources taught only in college because it is too diffi­ and any later payoff only promises to be cult for the average student. Mr. Wesley, on While we were from different parties inadequate. the other hand, faults history precisely be­ there was never any lack of respect for In an attempt to ameliorate this dilem­ cause "any reasonably normal student can Dave Holman's honest commitment to ma, I am introducing a bill today which learn any kind of history at any grade level." those principles in which he believed. can offer an immediate as well as a long­ Lastly and most significantly, history is His record of public service is a long term solution. scornfully compared to the social sciences, one demonstrating that he possessed with their "exacting standards." Indeed, it great energy and interest in his fellow First, as an immediate aid to families is looked upon by many educators as a senti­ supporting college students, this bill mental relic that must be replaced by the man. At the time he took his place on would provide for a $100 yearly tax credit more "relevant" social sciences. Dr. Charles the bench he was president of the Nas­ for each full-time student, and a propor­ G. Sellers, a. member of a. California. panel sau County Bar Association. During his tional credit for part-time students. charged with drawing up a. program of so­ career he was, at different times, an as­ Second, as an incentive for families to cial studies for the state's public schools, re­ sistant district attorney, counsel to a invest in the future education of their ported recently that only the panel's his­ joint legislative committee, attorney for children, as well as ct source of develop­ torians "sa.w much value in retaining history many local jurisdictions, and counsel for in the curriculum at all." ment capital for colleges, this bill would Can the study of history be defended-to the New Hyde Park School Board, where establish a special educational invest­ quote Dr. Sellers-"in the face of the teach­ he lived for many years. ment fund. A $50 yearly tax credit would ers' hardheaded insistence on precision in Dave Holman's charitable activities be granted the families of any potential defining the objectives" of teaching history? were as diverse as his legal undertakings. college student for deposits in a restrict­ We think it can be, and must be. Far more Among the many philanthropic causes ed fund, which would be available only is at stake than the outcome of an academic to which he devoted his time were the as loans to colleges. squabble. United Jewish Appeal, CARE, Cerebral The study of history, Thomas Jefferson long Palsy, and the Long Island Committee It is estimated that this fund over the ago insisted, is the very heart of education. next 18 years would provide $25 billion History, broadly speaking, is our record of for the U.S. Olympic Team. for educational development, and at the the actions taken by men in the past that One did not have to share all Dave same time ease some of the burden on have ma.de us what we are today. It is the Holman's political views to appreciate millions of parents and students who record of men deciding and aspiring, using his sincere desi!e to serve his community February 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2657 and leave a positive contribution to Be it resolved by the House of Representa­ pend a very minimal amount of the funds man's well-being. He left such a legacy tives of the State of Fllorida, the Senaite con­ to recover, protect, and preserve the data curring: when it was sienificant and had been and his widow, Ethel, and his son and Thalt on behalf of the people of the State daughter, Gary and Sandra, may be of Flor.id.a this Legislature does pause to pay called to their attention. The bill only au­ justly proud of the long and purposeful tribute to the life and memory of Father thorizes expenditures; it does not demand career of Dave Holman. Jerome, whose death in 1966 has removed them. It is people such as David Holman that from our midst a man of rare ,abiUties, whose Much information about the past still have made our country great. He will be contrl.butlons to the people of our state and lies buried in the ground awaiting inves­ missed. our country will continue to live for the tigations by scientists to recreate a mean­ benefirt of aill of us, and that his memory be ingful picture of the lives of those who accorded our respect and gratitude; Be it further resolved that a copy of this lived in this land before us. From the ST. LEO COLLEGE ACTIVATES POL­ Resolution, signed by the Speaker and at­ objects and other information in the ISH STUDY CENTER IN MEMORY tested to by the Clerk of the House of Repre­ ground, the past can be brought to life OF FATHER JEROME WISNIEWSKI sentatives and by the President and Secretary again and can become a part of the edu­ of the Senate, be forwarded to the St. Leo cation of our children. Our children can­ College library to be plaoed with the his­ not preserve the past for their children HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI torica.1. collection left to the library by Faither unless we help preserve it for them. We OF NEW JERSEY Jerome. who are alive today possess the last op­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES portunity to save, preserve or record a Thursday, February 5, 1970 NEED HISTORICAL, ARCHEOLOGI­ portion of the long record of man's ex­ Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, a Pol­ CAL PRESERVATION BILL perience and achievement in the United ish priest, Father Jerome Wisniewski, States. The choice is ours whether we O.S.B., who spent most of his '1if etime at will preserve the manuscripts, objects, St. Leo Abbey and was recognized as a HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT and other sources of information from foremost authority on Florida history OF FLORIDA which future generations may learn IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES about those who preceded us, or whether will be honored at St. Leo College with intentionally or through neglect, we will the creation of a Polish Study Center Thursday, February 5, 1970 to be dedicated in his memory. allow our heritage from the past to be Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, with the destroyed. If we do not preserve the in­ The Polish Study Center will be a re­ changing environment, expanding popu­ formation, all future generations will pository for books and manuscripts on lation, and increased technology, our Na­ have lost forever the ability to experience Polish history, music, literature, edu­ tion is facing- a possible "archeological and profit fully from the past. cation, arts, and the governments. Here gap." There is a definite threat that a The bill presented here is an important students from St. Leo College and St. majority of our scientific, prehistorical, conservation measure designed to facili­ Leo Abbey and interested citizens will historical, and archeological data will not tate and promote protection and re­ be encouraged to pursue studies and be available for study in the next few covery of one of America's great non­ research and where documents will be decades. renewable resources, the evidences of the preserved, reproduced, and distributed Legislation I have introduced in the past. The need for action is urgent for for educational purposes as a public House of Representatives, along with 60 it is estimated that a majority of our service. cosponsors will help to remedy this situa­ archeological and historical sites will be Father Jerome, a great educator and tion and preserve historical objects, damaged or destroyed within the next 25 historian, was also an accomplished poet which might be damaged or permanently years. and a noted horticulturist. He was the lost to history because of Federal public The House cosponsors of the bill are: recipient of Peace River Valley Histori­ works projects. H.R. 15453: BENNETT, BERRY, BURLISON cal Association's first Florida History This bill, which has been introduced in of Missouri, CARTER, FuQUA, HAMMER­ Award. the Senate by its chief sponsor, Senator SCHMIDT, and Mrs. MAY. The Florida House of Representatives FRANK E. Moss of Utah, has 28 co­ H.R. 15522; STEPHENS, TIERNAN, TuN­ and the Florida Senate have passed a sponsors. It is supported by the Society of NEY, UDALL, WALDIE, WYATT, and VANIK. joint resolution paying well-deserved Historical Archeology. H.R. 15521: BROCK, BROOMFIELD, CHAP­ tribute to the late Father Jerome, O.S.B. This bill amends the act, Public Law PELL, CLEVELAND, DADDARIO, DULSKI, ED­ of St. Leo Abbey. 86-523 of June 27, 1960, which provides MONDSON, FOLEY, HELSTOSKl, HULL, 'KEE, The resolution follows: for the salvage only of those historical KUYKENDALL, McCLOSKEY, MIKVA, Mrs. HCR 1081-A Concurrent resolution ex­ and archeological remains being flooded MINK, OLSEN' PRYOR of Arkansas, PUR­ pressing sympathy and regret over the death or destroyed by dams constructed by or CELL, RARICK, REIFEL, RUPPE, SAYLOR, of Father Jerome and paying tribute to his with the assistance of the Federal Gov­ ScHERLE, and SKUBITZ. accompldshments during his life a.nd to hds ernment, by extending the coverage to all The bill will be introduced Thursday, memory. Federal and federally assisted or licensed Whereas, it is approprlalte to record for February 5, with the following cospon­ posterity the life and works of a dedJlcated programs which alter the terrain and sors: educator, run aC1COmplis'hed poet, a noted thus potentially cause loss of archeologi­ ANDERSON of Illinois, ANDREWS of North horticulturist, a great studenrt of hi&tory and cal and historical data. The bill makes it Dakota, ANNUNZIO, BYRNES of Wiscon­ a holy man, for whom Florida history was clear that agencies may take the neces­ sin, DORN, HALEY, HORTON, KYL, KYROS, the most fascinating subject of the ma.ny sary steps to conserve scientific, arche­ MATSUNAGA, MEEDS, MELCHER, MINISH, subjects in whioh he was interested; and ological, and historical resources within Whereas, Father Jerome, O.S.B., born the framework of their own administra­ MURPHY of New York, O'NEAL, OrTINGER, Jerome Wisniewski, of St. Leo Abbey, who tive procedures rather than being re­ PRICE, REES, SIKES, SPRINGER, STOKES, was small in staiture burt who stood tall in quired al ways to work through the WHITEHURST' and YATES. intellect, spil"it and aiccompliS!hments, oon­ tributed so grea,t,ly to the study of Florida. Secretary of the Interior. It further pro­ history; and vides that if an agency wishes to utilize Whereas, the efforts of Fla.ther Jerome in the resources of the Secretary of the A UNIVERSAL INSTINCT FOR PEACE the study of Florida history have resulted in Interior, it is authorized to transfer an outstandmg library of rare historical funds, not to exceed 1 percent of its total volumes and documents on Florida history program, to that Secretary to cover HON. ANCHER NELSEN and ,a wealth of original treaitises from his salvage costs. OF MINNESOTA own pen, all of whioh have preserved the his­ The concept of the bill is that the cost IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tory and lore of thl.s great state for the study of the salvage of the data would be re­ and enjoyment of future generations of Thursday, February 5, 1970 Floridians and Americruns; and lated directly to the destruction or Whereas, Father Jerome, the recipient of threatened destruction of irreplaceable Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, in a recent the Peace River Valley Hlstor.lcal Associaitlon's scientific, archeological, and historical editorial, Ken Berg, editor of the Man­ first Florida. History A ward, has lef't to us St. resources. Agency programs threatening kato Free Press in Mankato, Minn., chose Leo College which grew and prospered be­ the destruction of the nonrenewable re­ to philosophize a bit about the deeper cause of his efforts and zeal, now therefore, sources would have the authority to ex- nature of man. It is a pleasure to share 2658 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1970 his viewpoint with readers of the CON­ "For 30 days during January when litter If Justice Douglas, whom the taxpayers GRESSIONAL RECORD. disposal is considered the highest in the year. are subsidizing at $60,000 a year for life, I collected litter each day on a designated UNIVERAL INSTINCT FOR PEACE highway section ( on Hasty road, not one really believes his own drivel, he should About the commonest observation on the of the heaviest travelled roads), converted resign from the Court and spend his time part of those who are well-traveled is that my figures to the mile and applied this to hiking down the pointless paths tread by people ... human beings ... everywhere are the 445 miles of paved highways in Scot­ the rest of the anarchists. The biggest basically kind. land County. point in his book, "Points of Rebellion," Some go a step further and suggest that "Unbelievably, Scotland County averaged rests on top of the distinguished jurist's generally speaking, these human beings de­ 578 tin cans, 263 glass bottles and 1,630 shoulders. serve something better in the way of govern­ pieces of paper per mile per month." Rich­ EVERY LITTER BIT ment than they are receiving. ard concluded during this project (he was This thought is prompted by a report on working on a conservation merit badge) that The taxpayers paid $30 million to clean a visit to the Iron Curtain countries by during a given month over a quarter of a up the 4.3 billion pieces of litter that Harry L. Page, assistant superintendent of million cans, 117,000 bottles and nearly three­ Americans dumped on their major high­ public instruction for the State of Illinois. quarters of a million pieces of paper are ways last year alone. These figures cover It contailned the following: dumped along our roads. And this he judges only the 270,000 miles of main arteries, "I discovered that peoples living in other is below average for the count was done and do not include the 3.4 million miles lands, even those under a totalitarian in cold weather wrum car windows are up of secondary roads and city streets. The regime, even under a hammer and sickle yoke most of the time and riders are not apt to . . . are just like our next door neighbors make as frequent deposits as during the true cost of cleaning up all the debris when you get them alone on a one-on-one summer. Also he did not include the 95 tossed out on our roads by thoughtless basis. miles of unpaved roads in the county's sys­ drivers is undoubtedly much higher. This "I am convinced that the hardnosed citi­ tem. is a terrific price to clean up our own zen_of Russia, bred to believe that Ameri­ HEAVY COST mess. cans are their perpetual enemy, can sit down "The county highway department filled Litter is one of the chief polluters of and talk to us, when we get away from gov­ two pickup trucks with litter in the short our environment and almost everyone ernment, about our children and what we distance of 2.4 miles from the Scotland contributes to it in one form or another. want in life." County line on the west side of Maxton and Discarded paper accounts for 59 percent "They are every bit as compatible in a the east end of Number 74 bypass," Richard of all highway litter, plastic wrappers for discussion as our next door neighbors," the reports. "This included 13 cases of soft Illlnois educator concluded on this point. drink bottles and was done during the same 6 percent, bottles another 6 percent, cans Our own over-riding impression, conversely time I was doing my study." 15 percent, and miscellany the remain­ bred as we were to believe that Russians are This persevering and concerned scout ing 14 percent. While it is easier to pin­ our perpetual enemy, is that humans calls attention to the cost this is to the point the derelictions of the large-scale wherever you find them hold the same as­ taxpayer. He has figured that if the mini­ industrial polluters, the cumulative effect pirations and dream the same dreams as our mum wage of $1.60 per hour is paid, it would of individuals littering highways adds up own. cost $7,000 in wages for the highway de­ to a staggering pile of costly and un­ Despite an impressive amount of evidence partment t.o pick up all the litter along to the contrary at this moment in history, the paved roads of Scotland County Just once sightly debris. Youthful offenders are the we are convinced that the instinct for peace a year. worst, but affluence tends to make litter­ is the one most deeply embedded in man­ "Some of our complaints about high taxes bugs of us all. Even children are not in­ kind. is our own making through poor steward­ terested in returning bottles to the store We reject the commonly held assumption ship," Scout Williams charges. "If each per­ today-the trip would not be worth the that man is a fighting animal and that wars son would do his part in the control of few cents it would bring. are inevitable. litter the taxes would be lower than what To cope with this problem, a battery they are now. So I ask everybody to try to of new antipollution laws have been pro­ do their part in the control of litter." posed at the State and Federal level. It is worth noting, however, that most cities SCOUT AT WORK and States already have strong antilitter laws, with fines up to $100. They are HON. EARL B. RUTH REPORTS FROM WASHINGTON rarely enforced. Therefore, before we OF NORTH CAROLINA plunge into new elaborate and expensive antipollution programs at the Federal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE OF IOWA level, we should use the weapons which Thursday, February 5, 1970 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES now exist to fight pollution at the local level. Mr. RUTH. Mr. Speaker, in his state Thursday, February 5, 1970 of the union message, President Nixon The problem is one of persuasion and proposed that each individual should Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, Supreme education as well. No matter how vigor­ enlist in the fight against pollution. He Court Justice William O. Douglas, self­ ous the enforcement of laws, no pollce suggested that each person resolve to appointed messiah of the hippies and force can hope to catch every offender. "leave his home, his property, the public yippies, is at it again. This time the aging People must be made to realize how much places of his city or town a little cleaner, Lothario practically invites his long­ their own thoughtlessness is costing them a little better, a little more pleasant for haired mental midgets to thumb their not only in dollars but in the deteriora­ himself and those around him." noses at the law enforcement agencies of tion of the quality of life. As President Even before the President spoke these this country and obey only the laws Nixon pointed out in his state of the words, a Laurinburg, N.C., Boy Scout which agree with their naive philosophy. Union address: named Richard Williams, undertook a In his soon-to-be-published book, We have been much too tolerant of our local project to determine the extent of "Points of Rebellion,'' the 71-year-old surroundings and too willing to leave it to litter in his small part of the Nation dur­ swinger with a penchant for wives a half­ others to clean up our environment.... Each century younger than he, endlessly ti­ of us must resolve that each day he will ing the month of January. On Febru­ leave . . . the public plaees of his city or ary 2, 1970, the Laurinburg Exchange rades against the FBI, CIA, local police town a little cleaner, a little better, a little in the Odds and Ends column reported officials, educators, and every other or­ more pleasant for himself and those a.round the findings of Scout Williams: ganization or person with a semblance of him. SCOUT AT WORK dignified authority. He heaps praise upon BOXCAR SHORTAGE Richard Williams is a Boy Scout who lives the degenerate disciples of disorder while A major problem that has habitually on Hasty Road and has recently oonducted strongly hinting that the philosophy of plagued the grain farmers of this Nation an interesting survey. At the suggestion of citizens concerned about rampant crime has been the critical shortage of railroad his advisor in Troop 447, Alvin Hafer, Rich­ and riotous behavior parallels that of freight cars during peak harvest periods. ard undertook a litter project. He set out Adolf Hitler. In fact, one of the very first petitions of to determine how much actual litter is de­ The Justice, an obvious student of the posited on Scotland County roadsides, and complaint received by the Interstate how much it is costing taxpayers. No at­ extracurricular activities of Henry vm, Commerce Commission after it was cre­ tempt was made to determine the degree of attempts to draw the ridiculous compari­ ated in 1887 dealt specifically with this unsightliness, but this is the more obvious son between George II and what he de­ subject. The farmers' Grain Dealers As­ part of it. scribes as today's "establishment." sociation of Iowa reported that the asso- February 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2659 ciation suffered a net loss of $125,792 President's budget. I think even a quick [In millions) last year, largely because of the freight glance at the summary I am including car shortage. as a part of my remarks will refute that 1970 1971 Change In order to ease this century-old bur­ contention. In fact, considering the tight budget situation and the need hold Farm ownership loans.~------$205 $205 ------den, I introduced a bill in Congress last to Operating loans ______275 275 ------week that would amend the Interstate down total Federal spending, I believe Water and sewer grants ______28 24 -$4 the President showed in his budget rec­ Water and sewer loans ______144 126 -18 Commerce Act in order to give the Com­ Housing programs ______853 1, 489 +636 mission additional authority to alleviate ommendations for agriculture both Other loan and grant programs ____ _ 95 101 +6 freight car shortages. The provisions of awareness and concern for the serious Operating expenses, FHA ______72 85 +13 the bill attack the per diem system estab­ problems of American farmers. The sum­ lished by the ICC in 1968, which is based mary follows: Tota'------1, 672 2, 305 +633 on time used and mileage of freight cars. SUMMARY OF BUDGET FOR THE FisCAL YEAR 3. Rural Electrification Administration-­ The present ICC mileage basis results 1971 These loan programs are being continued in in the retention of empty boxcars on for­ The Department's activities in FY 1971 1971 at the same level as in 1970, i.e., $845 eign lines until a load is obtained to pay will be directed toward the major goals of million for electrification loans and $125 mil­ their way back to their owner's railroad (a) maintaining farm income and providing lion for telephone loans, for a total of $470 lines. This policy has been challenged by food and fiber for all Americans, (b) assisting million. The request for new loan funds ls 20 railroads and 21 States on the grounds in the development of our rural communities, $18.5 million less than 1970 primarily be­ that it does not encourage the movement including the provision of better housing, cause of the use of prior year balances car­ ( c) protecting consumers from unwholesome ried forward. of freight cars to the west to carry west­ food and dangerous pesticides, and (d) pro­ 4. Agricultural Conservation Program--The ern grain. My proposal provides that per viding additional food assistance. budget does not include a request for a diem charges on empty cars would be Following are the overall totals of the 1971 program. The necessity to hold down doubled in order to prevent the reten­ Department's budget: the budget has made it necessary to elim­ tion of empty boxcars. Therefore, a 1- inate this item. year-old boxcar costing $18,000 would, if [In millions) 5. Food for Peace-The budget next year allowed to sit unused, incur a per diem contemplates a program of $1,133 million for 1970 1971 Change P.L. 480 activities. It reflects the anticipated charge of $10.50, where the present daily needs of other countries needing additional charge under current ICC rates would food and fiber, given the need to hold the New obligations or com- be $4.93. This measure would encourage mitments ______$8, 796. 6 $8, 576. 7 -$219. 9 budget as low as possible. This iS distributed the rapid movement of empty freight Expenditures (before ad- by program as follows: cars to distant points of shipment. justments for increased Although additional work on a long­ sale of insured FHA loans)_ 8, 407. 4 1 9, 268. 4 +• 861. 0 (In millions) term solution still needs to be done, such 1970 1971 Change as building new freight cars and proper 1 The budget proposes increases sales to private investors of maintenance of present cars, this bill Farmers Home Administration insured loans in 1971 over 1970. This has the effect of increasing receipts in 1971, thus reducing Sales for foreign currencies and would encourage the rapid movement of net expenditures. Such actions have no effect on program long-term credit sales for dollars levels. Net expenditures after reflecting this increase in receipts empty freight cars and expedite the en­ (title 1)------$894 $782 -$112 are: Donations abroad (title II)______357 351 -6 tire procedure. [In millions) Compounding the present situation is TotaL______1, 251 1, 133 -118 the curtailment of loans by the Depart­ ment of Agriculture to build adequate mt======$~m: 6. Payments to States-The Cooperaitive storage facilities for newly harvested The following items are the major changes~ in the budget for 1971 : Extension Service and the Sta.te Experiment grain. The food producer finds himself 1. Commodity Credit Corporation-The Stations of our Land-Grant Colleges will squeezed between inadequate storage fa­ major program for helping farmers maintain carry a greater sJmre of the responsibility cilities and inefficient use of the trans­ their incomes, CCC is the largest item in for improving conditions in rural areas. They portation system which hampers the the Department's budget. The appropriation will emphasize aotivities to carry out rural movement of grains to the marketplace. requested will restore all losses through June development programs involving leadership, 30, 1969 and will provide ample borrowing resea,rch and technical assistance to help Secretary of Agriculture Clifford M. local people help themselves. For all of these Hardin should reevaluate the present authority to enable the Corporation to meet and other related purposes the budget pro­ policy on storage and dryer loans and its commitments next year and still have poses increases totaling $49.8 million, as a balance of over $2 billion. Expenditures follows: ease the restrictions to encourage more totaling about $3.8 blllion are based on the farm storage facilities. latest projections of production, utilization, [In millions) STICKY SUBJECT and exports expected next year. However, Admitting to countless complaints there are many uncontrollable factors in­ 1970 1971 Change about glueless stamps, Postmaster Gen­ volved in this estimate. Following is a summary of estimated ex­ Extension Service (increases for eral Winton Blount says the Post Office penditures for OCC price support and re­ nutrition education, +$20 Department is determined to lick the million; rural community de­ lated activities in 1970 and 1971 for the prin­ velopment, +$10.4 million; problem. cipal commodities (including diversion and increased operating costs and price support payments where applicable) : retirement contributions, +$9.5 million) ______$132. 0 $172. 0 +$39.9 [In millions) Cooperative State Research Serv­ THE 1971 AGRICULTURAL BUDGET ice (increased payments for rural community development 1970 1971 research, increased operating HON. THOMAS S. KLEPPE costs and fa res try research; no funds requested for con- OF NORTH DAKOTA Feed grains _____ ------_ $1, 393 $1,403 struction of facilities)______62. 6 72. 5 +9. 9 WheaL ______------733 647 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Cotton, upland ______---·· 787 945 Thursday, February 5, 1970 Dairy products ______------____ _ 26 181 7. Food programs-The budget includes a All other commodities, interest, storage and handling costs, and administra- total of $2,274 million for food assistance Mr. KLEPPE. Mr. Speaker, I believe tive expenses______707 603 programs, including commodity dona,tions. my colleagues will be interested in a ------This consists of $1,250 million for the Food "Summary of the Budget for the. Fiscal TotaL______3, 646 3, 779 Stamp Program, an increase of $640 mlllion Year 1971," as it relates to agriculture. above 1970. This was prepared by the U.S. Depart­ 2. Farmers Home Administration--The A total of $685 million is ·proposed for the ment of Agriculture at my request. It is wtal progra.m. for the Farmers Home Admin­ Child Nutrition Program, including commod­ a handy reference for all of us who find istration, mcluding loans (·booh direct and ity donations and special feeding assistance insured), gran~ and re'lated admin1stratbive under Section 82 funds. This is an increase wading through the complicated budget elCJ)enses, totail $2.3 billion next year, as shown of $133.3 million above 1970. a difficult and often frustrating chore. in the taibulatlion below. The a.mounts for No funds are requested in the budget for Some charges are already being cir­ 1970 are less than originally planned due to the Spec:ial Mille Program for which $84 mil­ culated to the effect that farm programs (1) need rto hold down budget outlays, (2) lion was appropriated in 1970. Expanded got the "meat ax" treatment in the high interest costs, alild (8) other faotors. lunch and break.fast programs at schools and 2660 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1970 increased milk consumption under the larger under present law. The present formula the cities crime problems, and that more Food Stamp Program are expected to offset gives 85 percent to the State agency and direct grants to the agencies with the the decline in milk consumption under the only 15 percent to local governments. biggest crime problems are essential. Special Mille Program. Commodity donations for distribution to My bill would allow a State to receive Section 2 of this bill would take a families are estimated at $313 million next 20 percent additional funds if its com­ giant step to remedy this political bottle­ year, an increase of $17.5 million above 1970. prehensive anticrime plan was adjudged neck while at the same time giving State 8. Forest Service-To continue the accel­ to deal adequately with the problems of agencies a financial incentive to do bet­ eration begun in 1970 to accelerate timber urban high crime areas and a second ter than the record shows they have in production from the national forests, nn ad­ 20 percent bonus if the State helped the the past. ditional increase of $5.3 million is requested city and local governments with their If we are going to use the block grant for timber sales administration and $2.9 mil­ portion of the non-Federal sharing. approach in distributing anticrime funds lion for reforestation and timber stand im­ provement. The total estimate for Forest land Finally, section 3 would authorize ap­ to States and local agencies, then the management, Forest research, and State and propriations for 3 years instead of 1 year Congress must guarantee that the large private forestry cooperation is $278.6 million, and at a rising level of funding. It would cities, which have the highest crime a net increase of $10.9 million over 1970. In provide $8 million for fiscal 1970, $1 bil­ rates, get the most money to fight crime. addition, an increase of $21 million is pro­ lion for fiscal 1972, and $1.2 billion for Increasing the amounts to be granted for posed for timber access roads, making a total fiscal 1973. The State's added shares un­ this anticrime fight is also essential, thus program for roads and trails of $176.4 million. der section 2 are provided for from dis­ the higher amounts provided in succeed­ 9. Other changes in 1971 budget-There are a number of other changes in the budget. cretionary Federal funds. ing years in this bill. The principal ones are: Let me discuss these sections in more We must do even more in future years detail. The effectiveness of better light­ and not let this program fail. No magic Fiscal year 1971 ing in curbing crime is well documented. formula is going to wipe out all crime. (In millions) A study by the National League of Cities, But money, not rhetoric, will do the most Agricultural Research Service: reported in the January 1970 issue of toward that obective. Contrary to Presi­ Research ------+$2. 1 Imported fl.re ant program ______-f-2.0 FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, indicated dent Nixon's campaign promises, his Hog cholera eradication______-f-2. 0 that criminal assaults dropped 70 per­ election has not been sufficient to restore Pesticides regulation______-f-2. 4 cent and robberies b;y 60 percent in one law and order in this land. To achieve Elimination of relatively lower pri- midwestern city after a new lighting sys­ that we must put more money where the ority plant pest control programs tem was installed. Overall crime rates crime is-in the streets of our major (European chafer, sweet potato in a major southern city showed a simi­ cities and not into more bureaucratic weevil, soybean cyst nematode, lar drastic decline in a 12-block area. mechanisms. · phony peach and peach mosaic)_ -2. 2 The need to change the funds formula Soil Conservation Service: Watershed works of improvement to allow cities more direct grants is like­ (P.L. 566 small watersheds)----- + 8. 3 wise strongly indicated by two basic VIETNAM: OUR STAKE IN Watershed planning (to achieve a studies of Crime Control and Safe Streets THE PACIFIC better balance between planning since passage in 1968. These studies in­ and installation of measures)___ -1. 3 dicate that the primary purpose of Con­ Resource conservation and develop- gress in passing this law; namely, to curb HON. JAMES A. BURKE ment projects (no new projects crime in the streets of high-crime urban OF MASSACHUSETTS are planned for 1971)------f-3.1 Economic Research Service (prin- areas, simply is not being met under the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cipally economic analyses of for- present provisions. Thursday, February 5, 1970 eign and domestic economic de­ A study conducted by the National velopment)------f-1. 6 League of Cities, based on a survey of Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. Statistical Reporting Service (prin­ 31 State law enforcement plans comes Speaker, I urge the Members of the cipally for improvement of live- to the following conclusion: House of Representatives to review J. stock statistics)______-f-1. 2 Instead of focusing dollars on critical Richard Lamere's exclusive interview Consumer and Marketing Service with Adm. John S. McCain, Jr., com­ (principally meat and poultry problems of crime in the streets, local plan­ ning funds are being dissipaited broadly with­ mander in chief, Pacific Command. inspecition) ------f-9.5 Foreign Agricultural Service (for out regard to need and are being used to I noted with grave concern Admiral market development activities)__ -f-0. 7 finance third levels of bureaucracy as a McCain's comments on the danger that Conservation Reserve Program matter of state administrative convenience. the U.S. Navy is losing its supremacy on (sufficient funds are available to This report notes that 28 of these 31 the high seas. The expansion and rise of complete payments under exist- State plans include regional planning the Soviet navy is a fact. The vital neces­ ing contracts) ------37.2 agencies which, together, outnumber the sity for our action in rebuilding our own 370 cities with more than 50,000 popula­ sea power is crucial. tion in the Nation. The Boston Herald interview follows: EXPLANATION OF H.R. 15676, TO Funds appear to be going to plan ad­ [From the Boston Herald Traveler, AMEND THE OMNIBUS CRIME ministration instead of direct anticrime Jan. 18, 1970] CONTROL AND SAFE STREETS programs in the cities and towns where VIETNAM: OUR STAKE IN THE PACIFIC ACT OF 1968 most crime is found. (By J. Richard Lamere) There is also some indication, the NLC Question. Admini.l McCain, to what extent HON. SAM GIBBONS report concludes, that no crime incidence do you think the end of the Vietnam War index is included in the State plans dis­ will affect U.S. strategy in the Pacific? OF FLORIDA Answer. An end to the major hostilities will IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tribution formula, thus reducing the pro­ portionate funds going to the high-crime be only one step toward peace and security Thursday, February 5, 1970 in the Pacific Command area. The vital ne­ cities. cessity for maintaining a m111tary deterrent Mr. GIBBONS. Mr. Speaker, yester­ A second analytical survey of the Safe posture will remain. This ranges from mis­ day, I introduced H.R. 15676, to amend streets Act by Dr. B. Douglas Harman, siles afloat and ashore to lesser forces. It the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe assistant professor at American Univer­ could mean troops ,a.irli.fted to a trouble spot, Streets Act of 1968. This bill has three sity's School of Government and Public or a carrier task force hundreds of miles off­ shore, or a. heavy bonlber squadron withln a sections, which would do the following: Administration, dwells on the flaw in the few hours flight time, or an interceptor force Section 1 adds a new type of action distribution formula of the present act ,poised ready to take off. Or it could mean a grant program: crime prevention, in­ whereby the State gets 85 percent of the fleet af submarines deployed in areas un­ cluding improved lighting of high crime Federal grants. Dr. Harm.an highlights known. Or even a combat-ready marine bat­ areas and development of laws and or­ the fact that crime control is primarily talion cruising in sight of the beach. We can­ dinances and building designs to better a big city problem while the administra­ not afford to let our :military presence melt cope with crime. tive bias is in the program toward State away should there be an early cessation of hostilities in South Vietnam. Section 2 would change the sharing administration. Three times we have not only sheathed, formula so that cities would get 50 per­ My own conclusion is that there are but thrown away our sword when the fight­ cent of crime-fighting Federal funds in serious political obstacles to any State ing stopped. We did this after World War direct grants instead of 15 percent as program which will adequately deal with I, we did it a.gain after World War II and February 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2661 to a large extent iafter the Korean War. Each which was signed on December 2, 1954. The fense of Japan although further expansion time we were called upon to rearm under ANZUS Treaty links us closely with Aus­ and modernization would be desirable. The crisis cond1tions because we had let slip tralia. a.nd New Zealand. U.S. will, of course, continue to have to pro­ through our fingers the great deterrent force The United States has also entered into vide the nuclear deterrence forces for Japan's of presence. I trust that we have learned bilateral mutual defense treaties with the defense. our lesson. Philippines, Japan and Korea. Question. At least one foreign correspond­ Question. How many troops do the Com­ SEATO is the major multilateral treaty de­ ent has indicated that a major drawback to munists have available in the Far East and signed to halt aggression in Southeast Asia. Japan's assumption of a leading role in Asia Southeast Asia? In addition to the signatory powers, the is the fear among small nations that Japan Answer. The Communists in Asia have treaty includes under its protective shield may achieve by military means the economic some 3.8 million men under arms, comprising the Republic of Vietnam. Another major domination of Asia. Do you agree with this approx.lmately 200 divisions and very sub­ element in the strategy in the Pacific is the theory? stantial air and naval forces. military assistance program. Th.ls increases Answer. While there may still be some While communist China's military forces the a.b1lity of free nations to defend them­ latent fears, it is clear that Asia of today is are largely defensive in character at present, selves and helps to create forces which can greatly different from that of 25 to 30 years China presents a major potential threat in support a common effort. The program cur­ ago. Japan's military power is not great and tha.t it possesses nuclear weapons and soon rently includes countries throughout the the Japanese public is opposed to any foreign will have missiles to deliver them. They have world. adventures. Japan is a great economic power more than two and one-quarter million men Military assistance program agreements and is providing economic assistance to a in their ground force, which is a formidable are separate from the mutual defense number of East Asian countries. force in itself. There is, in addition, the ever treaties. The mutual defense treaties gen­ I believe that cooperation with Japan will increasing naval and air strength. Commu­ erally call for some degree of military re­ continue and that Japan will figure in re­ nist China now has the fourth largest sub­ sponse by the United States with Congres­ gional arrangements in an increasingly im­ marine force in the world and the third sional approval in the event of aggression portant way-primarily those dealing with largest air force. or attack on an allied nation. economic and cultural aspects 9f the region. Question. What is the size of American The mill tary assistance program agree­ Question. Some Japanese fear that because military presence in the Pacific? ments set forth the conditions under which the bases in Japan are not used solely for Answer. The Pacific Command covers some the U.S. will provide military assistance in the defense of Japan, there is danger of 85 million square miles of ocean, islands and the form of equipment, training advisory Japan being drawn into a war against her mainland, or about two-fifths of the entire functions and-or related support in accord­ will. Is this possible? surface of the earth. It reaches from the ance with the requirements of United States Answer. Such a possibility is highly re­ California coast to the Eastern Indian Ocean security foreign policy and contingent upon mote. A 1960 exchange of notes between the and from the Aleutians to the South Pole. the necessary authorization and appropria­ government of Japan and the U.S. which The East-West span is 9,000 miles and the tion action by the Congress. supplement the security treaty provides for North-South span 10,000 miles. Even the Question. What military action would the prior consultation if we are to use our bases fastest Jets require about 19 hours to cover U.S. or SEATO nations take in the event the in Japan for combat purposes other than the route from the West Coast of America to Oommunist.5 shift aggressive actions from defense of Japan against attack. Saigon, and sea transport from 13 to 18 days. Question. Does the reversion of Okinawa South Vietnam to Laos? detract from our military posture in the Tb.ere are 24 different flags in addition to Answer. I wouldn't want to speculate on our own flown in this vast segment of our Pacific? a hypothetical question of this kind. It's an Answer. Okinawa's importance to the stra­ pfanet. Of these, nine can be considered acknowledged fact, however, that North tegic balance of East Asia cannot be over­ firm, consistent friends of our country. The Vietnamese Army forces are operating in Laos stated. It is centrally located in an arc of alignments of the remainder are either def­ in violation of the Geneva Accords of 1962. mutually supporting defensive bases con­ initely hostile to our interests or vary be­ In the event they should decide to substan­ structed by the United States and her allies. tween latent hostility and non-alignment. tially increase their aggressive activities in From these bases, forces can respond The composition of our force in the area Laos, any U.S. decision would have to be made promptly to all foreseeable threats; the loss varies, but in a typical period we will have at national level. of any of these bases would reduce our ca­ approximately 7,400 aircraft which includes Question. What is the estimated North pablllty to be immediately responsive. bombers, fighters, special purpose aircraft Vietnamese strength in Laos and cambodia? Further, Okinawa represents an enormous and combat support aircraft such as trans­ Answer. In Laos, strength of NVA forces investment in time and money and repre­ ports and helicopters operated by the Army, is estimated at approximately 50,000. The sents a built-in flexibil1ty for the deploy­ Navy and Marines as well as Air Force. There Royal Cambodian Government has an­ ment and supports of military units or weap­ are 560 ships operational which include car­ nounced recently that there are up to 40,000 ons. However, the reversion of Okinawa does riers, cruisers, destroyer types, submarines, NV A forces which have violated Cambodian not entail the loss of any bases there. amphibious vessels, and special purpose territorial integrity by crossing Cambodia Question. As a military specialist, what do ships. from South Vietnam. you think about the military situation on In addition, approximately 300 merchant Question. Is SEATO dying? the Korean peninsula? vessels carry supplies to Vietnam carriers, Answer. President Nixon reaffirmed last Answer. The preservation of the right.a and tanks, trucks, bulldozers and other equip­ May 7th the U.S. resolve to continue its liberties of the people of the Republic of ment are operating. our total military per­ contributions to the "security and progress Korea is vital to the continued peace and sonnel active in the Pacific command is well in both the Pacific area and in Southeast growing prosperity of the Western Pacific over a million, of whom about half serve in Asia." The U.S. considers SEATO fundamen­ and Asia areas. Vietnam. tal to our. strategy and position in Southeast Question. A primary objective of Kim II Question. What is the significance of the Asia. Sung's regime is the reunification of the two Pacific Command? Question. Admiral McCain, President Korea.s, by force if necessary, and North Answer. The mission of the Pacific com­ Nixon has been quoted as stating he will de­ Korea continues to prepare for this eventu­ mand is to defend the United States against mand Japanese participation in Asian se­ ality. With possible peace in Vietnam in the attack through the Pacific Ocean Area and curity. What are your views on this position? near future, a.re you considering reposition­ to support and advance the national poli­ Answer. As you are aware, the realm of ing your forces to counter any aggressive cies and interests of the United States. foreign policy is not within my purview of efforts North Korea may make in pursuing CINCPAC is responsible for preparing plans, responsibility. I might say the Japanese and the objectives? conducting operations and coordinating the United States Governments have continually Answer. The President has emphasized that activities of the Army, Navy, Marines and the cooperated in matters concerning their mu­ the United States is awaiting positive steps Air Force in the Pacific. It is the largest of tual security. from the North Vietnamese government to seven U.S. unified military commands and Question. There is considerable talk in indicate their good faith in negotiating a encompasses as I said, approximately two­ Japan about assuming more responsibility peaceful settlement to the Vietnam conflict. fifths of the world's surface. for the defense of her shores. In your opinion The avenue for a peaceful settlement is open. The United States has undertaken to help ls the Japan Self Defense Force capable of Any discussion concerning re-positioning of protect and strengthen the free Asian and assuming such responsibilities, and what U.S. forces is premature. However, we have Pacific nations. PACOM discharges responsi­ would be needed to provide an adequate de­ already taken measures to counter North bilities through a series of collective se­ fense? Korean aggressive,actions, and support of our curity and defensive arrangements. We have Answer. We would like to see all of our ally, the Republic of Korea, continues in this linked our strength to the security of the allies increase their caipab1lities for self­ regard. free nations in the Far East. defense and assist in the collective security Question. It ls general knowledge that the The treaties with our principal allies re­ of the Free World to the extent possible. As North Korean Armed Forces a.re continuing main highly important to the security and you know, the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation to improve and modernize. What are we do­ stability of the area. Bilateral treaties pro­ and Security between Japan and the U.S. ing to increase the capability of the Republic vide for U.S. support to key free nations in provides that the U.S. will assist Japan in of Korea Armed Forces to cope with this the Pacific. its defense. threat? I'm assuming that you are familiar with In this context, Japanese self-defense Answer. With our support, the South the provisions of the agreement between forces are balanced, well trained and orga­ Koreans are adding a number of new units to the Republic of China. and the United States nized, and could a.ct effectively in the de- their force structure. 2662 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1970 In addition, much equipment required for sovereign of the Dominion of Ceylon, but than doubled from $202 million to $440 modernization of their current forces and for the British sovereign does not interfere million, an increase of 118 percent. This counter-infiltration purposes is being pro­ in the affairs of the self-governing may seem large but even it is inadequate vided the Republic of Korea by the United States. This includes special counter-inflltra­ Dominion. to meet proven needs and like every :fig­ tion equipment (such as night vision equip­ The people of Ceylon, guided by their ure recommended by the President, is in ment), communications equipment, vehicles, politically mature leaders and under my opinion substantially below that for weapons, run.munition and other ii.terns. their democratic government, have done which the vast majority of Democrats Question. In the event a sucecssful settle­ well during more than two decades of are going to :fight. ment is reached in Paris, would an Asian their independence. Ceylon is a member Mr. Speaker, I stated during the de­ Peace-keeping Force be feasible? of the United Nations Organizations as a bate on the veto that I believed that this Answer. Yes, it would be feasible in this event for such a force to be brought into sovereign state, is a valued member of the was going to happen and that if it did being. How successful it might be would de­ British Commonwealth of Nations, and happen, the administration would be pend upon the political basis on which it its some 10 million inhabitants value guilty of cynical double dealing. It has would be constituted. their self-governing political status. happened and I now reiterate that Question. Is the U.S. Navy in danger of We salute the people of Ceylon on their charge-the administration is guilty of losing is supremacy on the seas to the soviet approaching 22d independence day. cynical double dealing. Union and the Communist-controlled part of the world? Answer. To quote Admiral Thomas Moorer, the Chief of Naval Operations, "Today the "COMPROMISE" PROPOSAL BY UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE threat to U .s. supremacy at sea is real. I ex­ PRESIDENT NIXON ON LABOR­ pect it to increase in the years ahead." HEW APPROPRIATION BILL Rear Admiral F. J. Harlflnger, director of HON. MARIO BIAGGI Naval Intelligence, testifying before the OF NEW YORK House Armed Services Subcommittee on HON. CARL ALBERT IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Seapower, also said, "There is an unmistak­ OF OKLAHOMA Thursday, February 5, 1970 able dynamism about all Soviet maritime en­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES terprises today-from research through so­ Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, on Janu­ phisticated operations. We see nothing on Wednesday, February 4, 1970 the horizon to inhibit the current expansion ary 22, 1970, people throughout the of the Soviet Navy, indeed the entire Soviet Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, President world who treasure freedom paused to maritime investment." Nixon in his televised address to the celebrate the 52d anniversary of Ukrain­ The subcommittee issued a report stating American people on the veto of the ian Independence Day. A proud and that although the U.S. is aware of the SOviet Departments of Labor, and Health, Edu­ brave pepale, 47 million Ukrainian citi­ Union's desire to unseat it as the world's cation, and Welfare appropriation bill zens remain in Soviet bondage, denied leading sea power, America. is having diffl.cul­ made the impacted area aid program the simple liberties that we too often ties in meeting this challenge. the villain of the increases which Con­ The U.S. Navy, the subcommittee reported, take for granted. is an aging collection of warships older and gress had voted for education. He was It is :fitting to honor these courageous smaller than the Soviet Navy and unfit for sharply critical of this program con­ people, Mr. Speaker, for theirs was a battle. American ships are so old, the sub­ tending that it benefited many areas of hard-won and short-lived freedom. They committee reported, that in some cases crews the country which did not need Federal def ended their homeland for 3 % years have difficulties in obtaining spare parts be­ assistance and that its continuation at a before the Bolshevik government, with cause the original suppliers have either high level of funding would make im­ its Communist hordes, overwhelmed stopped making the item or gone out of busi­ possible the development and adequate their embryo republic in 1920. Still, 52 ness. :financing of quality education programs. Two-thirds of the U.S. fleet was built more years later, the lamp of hope burns than 20 years ago. Even with costly overhauls The Congress has now received from brightly in the hearts of those who re­ a.nd rebuilding, the life expectancy of these the President a so-called "compromise" main captive through the brute strength vessels is not great, the subcommittee said. proposal recommending new :figures for of the Soviet Union. Because of the complexity of new sea warfare the various items in the Departments of Oppression is a tragedy. But, it does systems, involving demands for complicated Labor, and Health, Education, and Wel­ not stamp out a subjugated peoples' de­ electronics, the old seagoing platforms are fare appropriation bill which are in con­ sire for freedom and national independ­ ill-fitted for modernization. The problem of is age faced by the U.S. Navy is in marked troversy. It obvious from those :figures ence. Nor does it absolve us of our moral contrast to the situation in the Soviet Navy that the rumors which immediatley pre­ duty to sustain this desire for freedom where only 10 per cent of its warships is ceded the House vote on the veto were through words and deeds and action. over 20 years old. well founded. At that time we heard that We must not deny others, because of our Question. What steps are needed for the White House spokesmen had informed forgetfulness, the basic freedoms and U.S. to cope with the Communist buildup on Republican Members, whose districts liberties that each American is blessed the seas? received impacted aid, that if they would with as his birthright. Answer. What is needed is a major buildup vote to sustain the President's veto, the of U.S. seapower. According to the Naval Bal­ Neither tyranny, political oppression, ance Report published by the House Armed President would propase substantially in­ nor religious persecution has swayed the Services Committee, "If the United States creased aid for the impacted area pro­ Ukrainian people from their quest for proceeds at full speed to augment its naval gram. Undoubtedly, innumerable Re­ self-determination. Therefore, we, as free forces, the Soviet Union will not be able to publican Members, who might have Americans, must do our part to help in wrest the trident from America's grasp." otherwise voted to override on the basis this quest. of these assurances, were pursuaded to We must reaffirm mankind's right to vote to sustain the veto. freedom. We must rededicate ourselves to INDEPENDENT CEYLON: SELF-GOV­ The President has more than made the task of supporting, in whatever ap­ ERNING DOMINION WITHIN BRIT­ good on the debt incurred by his lieu­ propriate manner we can, the struggle of ISH COMMONWEALTH tenants in rounding up the necessary Re­ the people of the Ukraine to regain con­ publican votes required to uphold his trol of their own destinies. To all those HON. ADAM C. POWELL veto. Programs which clearly would fall in bondage let us give hope. OF NEW YORK within the President's classification of Let us chastise, in 1970, those who IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES quality education are to receive but would strip liberty and freedom from all nominal increases over his original budg­ mankind. Thursday, February 5, 1970 et recommendations. For example, title Independence 1s not a casual thing. It Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, the people I of the Elementary and Secondary Edu­ is molded from a dream by the blood of of Ceylon attained their independence cation Act would be increased by less patriots and maintained by hard work on February 4, 1948. From the begin­ than 12 percent, grants for vocational and sacrifice. Keep it we must, and help, ning a parliamentary form of govern­ education by 30 percent, and education we must, the cause of freedom through­ ment with two houses was set up. The for handicapped by a token amount of 7 out the world. leaders of Ceylon chose to remain within percent. Federal assistance in federally Let us, therefore, work to keep the the British Commonwealth of Nations as impacted areas, the object of so much of lamp of hope burning in the hearts of a self-governing dominion. Thus the the President's indignation and rhetori­ millions of Ukrainians who yearn for the Queen of the United Kingdom is also the cal ire, on the other hand, would be more liberation of their lives and homeland. February 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2663 DRUG ABUSE EDUCATION line form some of the dangerous drugs, nar­ ing and Construction Trades Council. It cotics and volatile chemicals that a.re being shows that on-site labor costs on a typical used by some of our teenagers and pre-teen­ three bedroom home in the Milwaukee area HON. CHARLES ff. WILSON agers. It also describes some of the harm that during 1969 amounted to only 16% of the OF CALIFORNIA results. total cost of the home. Mayor Page, the need for parents, teen­ We hope this information will be helpful IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES agers, and pre-teens to learn the truth a.bout to you in answering any inquiries you may Thursday, February 5, 1970 the substances that seem to be readily avatl­ have from constituents concerning the low­ able in every urban area. in the nation is ering of housing construction costs. It is our Mr. CHARLES H. WILSON. Mr. Speak­ great. It is therefore with deep sincerity firm belief that an attack must be mounted er, I think all of us realize that, while we that I com.mend to you Whitey Gellibra.nd, against the real culprits: land costs, money can be effective at the Federal level on Jim Crace, Dick Giles, Gene Gores, Richard costs and material costs. many critical issues, it is vital that action Pennock and Robert Wald for the outstand­ With kindest regards, I am, on the local level play a significant role ing job they have done in protecting the lives Sincerely, in our Nation's problem-solving activi­ of the children of Hawthorne. The Kiwanis C. J, HAGGERTY, ties. Nowhere is local cooperation more Club must be congraitula.ted for establish­ President. ing their Operation Drug Alert Committee important than in the crucial area of and encouraged to continue in this most drug abuse education. beneficial and needed aotivity. The spiralling statistics on drug abuse, With best personal regards, OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND especially among young people today, Very sincerely yours, SAFETY are proof enough that we must do more CHARLES H. WILSON. on the Federal, State, and local levels to effectively combat the problem. For HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER this reason, I would like to call to the OF WISCONSIN attention of my colleagues an outstand­ THE MYTH OF HOUSING COSTS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing project recently completed in the city EXPLODED of Hawthorne, Calif. Thursday, February 5, 1970 The Operation Drug Alert Commit­ Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. tee of the Kiwanis Club of Hawthorne HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA Speaker, the Select Labor Subcommittee organized and directed the distribution OF HAWAII has completed its hearings on proposed by 300 young people of 20,000 drug abuse IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES occupational health and safety legisla­ pamphlets titled "A Summary for Par­ Thursday, February 5, 1970 tion and will begin marking up the bill ents and Students on the Subject of Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, what in the near future. Teenage Drug Abuse". some "experts" on housing have been try­ One of the major questions raised dur­ I regret that I cannot include this pam­ ing to tell the Congress about the high ing the hearings was the use of con­ phlet, created by Linda Lamb, in my re­ cost of labor being the biggest factor in sensus standards which have been de­ marks; it is an outstanding piece of work slowing down home construction turns veloped over the years on a voluntary utilizing many imaginative and informa­ out to be a myth. basis by the private sector as a base for tive drawings and illustrations and, A recent study conducted by a na­ Federal occupaitional health and safety therefore, impossible to reproduce here. tionally renowned economist, Nathaniel standards. I would, however, like to include at this Goldfinger, for the AFL-CIO American Patrick F. Cestrone, Chief, Program­ point in the RECORD a letter of commen­ Federationist shows that the propor­ ing and Research Division of the Office dation which I have sent to the Honor­ tional cost of labor in housing construc­ of Occupational Safety, Bureau of Labor able Gregory Page, Hawthorne's out­ tion is far less than it was 20 years ago: Standards, U.S. Department of Labor standing mayor, citing those responsible In 1949 onsite labor costs accounted for has written an excellent article outlin­ for Operation Drug Alert for their ex­ 33 percent of the total housing construc­ ing the Labor Department's involve­ cellent work. ment and experience in the use and ap­ FEBRUARY 3, 1970. tion costs; in 1969, the average onsite labor costs amounted to only 18 percent. plication of voluntary standards, and the Hon. GREGORY PAGE, work that is now going on to revise ex­ Mayor, City of Hawthorne, Mr. C. J. Haggerty, the very able presi­ isting standards. Hawthorne, Calif. dent of the Building and Construction DEAR MAYOR PAGE: At a time when drug Trades Department-AFL-CIO-brought I commend the article to my colleagues abuse is infecting our homes and schools, a,t and include it at this point as part of these facts, and additional pertinent in­ my remarks: a time when youngsters ten and eleven years formation relating to labor costs on home of age are getting hooked on heroin, and ex­ construction, to my attention in a letter SHOULD THE F'EDEH.AL GOVERNMENT DEVELOP posed to marijuana, the activLties of con­ dated January 26, 1970. SAFETY STANDARDS cerned citizen groups becomes of pa.ram.aunt (By Patrick F. Cestrone, chief, programming importance !ln succesfully combatting the I believe that my colleagues and others and research division, Office of Occupa­ problem. As a co-sponsor of the recently concerned with meeting America's hous­ tional Sa.fety, Bureau of Labor Standards, passed Drug Abuse Education Act, as chief ing needs should read Mr. Haggerty's U.S. Depa.r.tment of Labor, Washington, sponsor of the Comprehensive Narcotic Ad­ letter, which I submit for insertion at D.C.) 1 diction and Drug Abuse Care and Control this DOint in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: Ac,t and as author of a bill to create a com­ The question of whether the federal gov­ mission to study marijuana and other hal­ BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION ernment should develop safety standards is lucinogenic drugs, I am. quite familiar and TRADES DEPARTMENT, quite complex and involved. On the surfa{:e, qui.te disturbed by the magnitude and Washington, D.C., January 26, 1970. it appears to be unencumbered, but the severity of the drug situation. Consequently, Hon. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA, answer being sought really revolves around I was most heartened to learn of the out­ U.S. House of Representatives, the question as to whether we should sta.n.ding endeavors in this area of the Oper­ Washington, D.C. "chuck" voluntary safety standards, or di­ ation Drug Alert Committee of the Kiwanis DEAR CONGRESSMAN MATSUNAGA: It has been minish their role a.nd go the federal route. Club of Hawthorne. alleged by some so-called experts that one Any answer as to the role of the govern­ Under the Chairmanship of Whitey Gell1- of the greatest causes of our present hous­ ment must be influenced by one's own ex­ brand and ·ably supported by Jim Crace, Dick ing shortage is labor costs. This charge is perience, exposure, and degree of involvement Giles, Gene Gores, Richard Pennock and completely erroneous and is no doubt anti­ in the utilization of safety standards. It is Robert Wald, the Committee organized 300 labor in derivation. quite difficult to maintain a cool and objec­ tive position with all that's going on. Many youngsters in Hawthorne to dis,triburte 20,000 Knowing of your desire for the true facts concerning the relationship between labor are quick to overlook the contributions, the drug abuse education pamphlets that they capability, and the important role played by had developed. One of the greatest causes of and housing costs, we are enclosing infor­ mation on this vital subject. One of the en­ voluntary standards during the past 50 the rise in drug a.buses is ignorance. The Ki­ closures is an article entitled "The Myths years. wanis Club of Hawthorne has provided our of Housing Costs". It is pointed out that in The position of many today seems to be: community With a service the true value of 1949 on-site laibor costs accounted for 33 % "What have you done for me lately? which can never be determined, for how can of the total housing construction costs; in "What can you do for me now?" one estimate the worth of the llfe of even 1969 on-site labor only accounted for 18%, on one of our children. The brochure, "A Sum.­ an average, of housing costs. 1 EDITOR'S NoTE.-This article has been pre­ mary for Parents and Students on the Sub­ The other enclosure is a. fact sheet pre­ pared from a talk given by Cestrone at the ject of Teenage Drug Abuse," provides in out- pared by our Milwaukee Wisconsin Build- 57th Naitional Safety Con~ess. 2664 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1970 For the past three years, voluntary stand­ lations were promulgated under the McNa­ est and participation in helping to upgrade ards have received unparalleled exposure and mara-O'Hara Service Contract Act by adopt­ the status o! the voluntary standards it has publicity-some good, some not too good. ing standards developed by nationally recog­ served its purpose well. The press, congress, trade publications, wage nized professional organizations and those From all indications that is the case. earners, and consumers are all pushing for published by the federal government. This On Jan. 27, 1969 Donald Peyton, managing greater safeguards. The "standards syn­ concept, that is the mix, of utilizing volun­ director, ANSI, called a special meeting at drome,'' no doubt, originated with the de­ tary standards where they existed and fed­ Chica.go to discuss the report, its findings, mand for auto safety, meat safety, product eral standards to fill the gaps was very and the need for some serious commitments. safety, mine safety, plpline safety, radiation favorably received. There was little or no It was concluded that a problem existed safety, and others. over 1,000 safety bills were opposition to this approach. and that there was a need to establish some introduced in the first session of the 9lst In September 1968, using the Service con­ realistic priorities and goals for safety stand- Congress ( 160 by the senate and 886 by the tract Act (SCA) approach, the department . ards. Also needed were more effective time house)-some major, but most having some proposed a revision of the Walsh-Healey tables and rigid monitoring of the time peripheral safety involvement. All of this, Safety and Health Standards, again adopting schedules set. The need for more active co­ coupled with legislative hearings and plenty consensus standards wherever they existed operation and participation on the part of of press exposure, has truly made this an era and federal government standards to fill the sponsors and committees was also highlight­ of standards. gaps. Hearings were held, wrinkles ironed out, ed. A series of actions and commitments The private sector maintains that 1t has and standards were promulgated, to become were outlined: the know-how and the capability to do the effective January 1969. With a change of ad­ (1) Set up a task force immediately to job--voluntarily, Others say they can't do it ministration, the new Secretary of Labor review outdated standards with a view to­ and that the job can best be done by the delayed the effective date of the new PCA ward revising or reaffirming them by the federal government. standards. This gave the secretary and his end of 1969 or dropping them; The statements ma.de and the questions safety advisory committee an opportunity to (2) Establish a list of new priorities for asked at recent hearings on H.R. 13373- review the new standards, the testimony of the new safety standards' projects under­ the Occupational Safety and Health Blll (see the hearings, and other appeals and consid­ way-this would involve a review of all work "Wire from Washington," January issue)­ eratlons brought to his attention. After they on current projects, and a "speed up'• or a a.re indicative of the fa.ct that there is some were very carefully reviewed, with a high "drop action" would be directed to those degree of disenchantment with the consensus degree of involvement by the Advisory Com­ projects making no progress; of voluntary standards. The reasons why as mittee and some very significant changes, the (3) Review existing procedures or develop well as the total answer ls ha.rd to determine. new PCA regulations, permitting adoption of new ones, if necessary, to produce standards Perhaps the Labor Department's involve­ consensus standards, were promulgated and on a more timely basis; ment and experience in the use and applica­ became effective May 1969. (4) Establish specific goals and time tab­ tion of voluntary standards may shed some It was obvious early in 1968 that volun­ - les for the development of new projects; light on the problem. tary standards were going to be adopted, (6) Set up necessary communication to The U.S. Department of Labor is very where possible, for the bulk of the secretary's reach sponsors, committees, and, all con­ much involved in this area. In eight laws and safety responsibilities. Consequently, it be­ cerned to advise them of these actions. one executive order, the Secretary of Labor came imperative to take a very close !ook Then on Jan. 30, 1969, the special a4 hoc is charged with the responsibility of safe­ at the safety standards resources available committee for the safety standards held its guarding some 36 million workers. Recently to the department in the voluntary private first meeting. The ANSI staff was directed added to this list was the responsibility for sector. A study was started. to develop a current action report on all the safety of another 2.6 million workers in­ The first phase of this study was to de­ ANSI safety projects. The Bureau of Labor volved in federally financed construction. termine the "state of the art." This effort was Standards was requested to provide a real­ Chief among the department's legal tools directed toward determining what was avail­ istic listing of standards it urgently needed a.re the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act, able, reviewing the age or vintage of the standards, relationship of their age to current for its regulatory program. (Other needs McNamara-O'Hara Service Contract Act, and would be covered later.) the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' applicability, the frequency with which standards were being revised or reaffirmed; On Feb. 20, 1969, the Safety Standards Compensation Act. Committee of the Industrial Conference, The department seeks to meet its responsi­ determining the cause or causes for the de­ lay in updating the older standards; and National Safety Council, volunteered to bility by, among other things, promulgating work up several pilot projects with a view and administering effective safety and health - identifying the need for new standards (that is, with respect to the program needs of the toward broadening the scope of standards standards. Such standards then constitute a to permit wider application. master link between expression of public department). The 1969 phase of our evalu­ ations was to be directed toward a quali­ On March 6, 1969, the ad hoc committee policy and congress and in its realization at . received its detailed report on all committee the workplace. tative evaluation of the standards and the quality of their safeguards. actions. Identified were actions being taken, Why is the department so interested in the In September 1968, we completed the first lagging actions, reports of sponsors failing use of voluntary safety standards? phase of the study and were requested to to initiate action over a number of years, Or better: publish a report of our findings. The report and a report of committees that were dor­ How has the department become so in­ was entitled, Status of Safety Standards­ mant. As requested, the Bureau of Labor volved in the use of safety standards pro­ A Review of Occupational Safety and Health Standards presented a realistic listing of duced under the consensus principle by Standards, 1968. some 83 standards, both old and new, it felt voluntary groups? With 234 ANSI standards as a base the was essential to its programing needs. A The Public Contract Act (PCA) (Walsh­ results of this study revealed that: critical review was made of each standard, Hea.ley) hearings, held in 1964, to promul­ Some 40 percent were less than 6 yea.rs old and priority actions assigned by the ad hoc gate or modify the PCA Safety and Health and considered to be current under the ex­ group. Sponsors, committees, and working Standards five yea.rs ago, served as a. catalyst isting ANSI review procedures; groups were to be contacted by special let­ to bring on the "standards syndrome." Nearly 60 percent of these consensus stand­ ters, telegrams, telephone calls, and personal Briefly, the 1964 hearings resulted in two ards were five years old or more-28 percent contacts. major conclusions: were more than five years old, but less than The a.cl hoc group held several subsequent (1) Nearly all, including management and 10 yea.rs old and 32 per cent were 10 years meetings in April, May, July, and September labor, recommended that the Secretary of old or more. of 1969 to monitor the various actions it had Labor get away from writing his own specifi­ Th1s first report did not in any way deal set in motion. cation type standards and move toward adop­ with the quality of a standard, nor did it Many constructive ideas and actions have tion of consensus type standards; report that a standard is bad or obsolete. emerged from the group to date. Some of {2) The other recommendation, supported The prime concern of it was to identify what the more significant ones dealt with the quite strenuously by the National Safety was available, how old it was, and point out modification of rules to permit faster ap­ Council, National Association of Manufac­ needed standards for the department's pro­ proval actions. A management machinery is turers, American Society of Safety Engineers, grams. Based upon research, it was quite evi­ being developed by ANSI's hierarchy to meet and others was for the Secretary of Labor to dent that there was a need to speed up the the current need for standards on a more establish a safety advisory committee. updating of older standards and the system timely basis; more staff help is being pro­ Late in 1966, the Secretary of Labor ap­ for developing the new standards. It should vided at the ANSI headquarters. Other sug­ pointed a 12-man ad hoc advisory committee. also be noted that for every criticism made, gestions dealt with the examination of the This committee met in March 1966, and its the report contained an alternate suggestion five-year cycle, establishing permanent com­ recommendations were essentially the same as to how the situation might be improved. mittees, changing the balloting rules, assign- as those that emerged from the hearings. The Status Report outlined the many ways ing new and broader technical responsiblli­ Consequently, the Secretary of Labor estab­ an effective voluntary system can be advanta­ ties to standards boards members, and· giving lished a policy of adopting safety standards, geous to both government and industry. more time to ANSI staff to keep pace with developed by voluntary groups, wherever ap­ Some felt that the status report was too the more current needs. Suggestions were plicable standards existed. Subsequently, the critical and served only as a fault finder. made by the National Safety Council for secretary formed the National Safety Ad­ Actually, it served as a pathfinder. And if speeding up new projects, application of visory Committee. this report helped to communicate, moti­ PERT systems to speed up the production of In December 1967, safety and health regu- vate, and generate a higher degree of inter- standards, the use of critical review patterns, February 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2665 and a production flow chart for monitoring remain fairly static and that certain stand­ ference between being able to safely work on time tables. Many new concepts and ideas ards have common a,ppllca.tion. a platform constructed of heavy timbers or have emerged as a result of the very serious For example: steel, but not on one constructed of tissue effort being put forth to move some of these Part 1-Preoperational will treat walk­ paper. standards' projects off dead center. ing and working surfaces, generaJ illumina­ Conflicts and questionable requirements An interim report of what is happening tion, fire suppression systems, heating and were found in both the NFPA and ANSI on the prodluction end of the project as a general ventilation, pressure vessels and codes, and they, too, need a closer look. result of the special efforts of the ANSI ad piping, sanitation, electrical wiring appa­ A certain number of conflicts will be in­ hoc group has been prepared. ratus and equipment, persona.I service rooms, evitable. Perhaps, the esta:blishment of a The first series of priority actions were in stairs, ladders, exits, permanen.t building joint clearinghouse mechanism within the direct response to the 83 actions requested structures, and appurtenances thereto; standards organizations may help to reduce by the Bureau of Labor Standards. Part 2 of the system will treat the opera­ the number. The 83 actions involved: tional safety requirements in situations in­ There are areas of vulnerability in the sys­ Review of actions since March 1969- volving material handling equipment, cranes, tem. We would rather air them for construc­ ( l) Category A-Standards 10 years old derricks, hoists, a multiple variety of ma­ tive purposes than have others do it for or more, chinery and IllialChinery guarding, Local ex­ destructive purposes. (2) Category B--5 years or older, haust, ventilation, surfa,ce preparation and The Bureau of Labor Standards is doing (3) Category C-New standards, finishing, welding, burning, electrical all it can to make the voluntary system (4) Summary of the 83 actions, grounding of machinery and equipment, work. There is no reason for it not to work ( 5) Actions since June 30 ( checked on occupational health exposures, flammable if all interested parties participate. October 20), liquids, and other environmental controls. Based upon the department's actions to (a) Four of the 12 standards under review Every situation or hazard category will date, both legislative and regulatory, it is have been moved by subcommittees to full not be covered in the first issue, nor subse­ quite apparent that the department is doing committees for final ballot; quent issues. There will always be something all it can to give the private system an op­ (b) Three projects, which were absolutely to add. This document will be a live docu­ portunity to work effectively. But where they dormant in June, have been moved into a. ment, and additional sections will be added fail, the government is obligated to take review action; as they are developed. Special industry re­ action. (c) Three additional standards have been quirements or situaitions will be handled on Do you want the federal government to balloted since June, approved, and sent to an individual basis and issued subsequently develop safety standards? the sponsors for approval; as an appendix to the original document. We don't want to. (d) Five standards have been finalized ln "searching out" the applicable safety But we can, if we have to! and sent to ANSI for approvial action; standar& to fit selected hazard categories, ( e) Four projects still remain with no we have gained an excellent insight on the action at an. makeup of the standards. Where no action is imminent, ANSI has The exercise reveals that many standards ADLAI E. STEVENSON been requested to appeal to get action or are good, valuable, and useful. However, to ask the sponsors to withdraw from the woven into the f&bric of the standard are project. many paragraphs of extraneous informa­ HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD Many sponsors and committees, who tion-rhetoric on separability, legislative OF PENNSYLVANIA and exclusionary clauses--all tending to worked diligently to meet the December 31 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES deadline, and working groups requested an confuse, rather than improve, the standard extension of time. per se. Loosening requirements and conflicts Thursday, February 5, 1970 of requirements have also been found to ex­ These productive actions are indicators of Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, today, concern and evidence of the fact that many ist within and between the NFPA and ANSI in the voluntary sectors can be motivated standards. These tend to create addition.al February 5, 1970, would have been the to act when the need is pressing. Perhaps problems for us in our work and use of these 70th birthday of the late Gov. Adlai some day, similar efforts will be in direct standards. Ewing Stevenson, of Illinois. Twice the response to the current needs, and thereby One of the problems encountered was limi­ Democratic Party nominated him for obviate the need for taking on a firefighting tation of coverage. Some standards just that exalted honor he termed "the role everytime someone lights a fire under don't go far enough. Coverage normally ex­ highest office within the gift of the the voluntary system. pected to be found in a selected standard is not there. As the search continues, the cov­ American people." Thus far, the answer to the big ques,tion erage may ultimately be found in some oth­ In tribute to him we need not be re­ still hangs in the balance: er standard-usually a special industry minded of what we have lost. That hurt Should the federal government develop standard. is deep-and no one of us is too old to safety standards? Our policy for the inspection survey sys­ Working on phase two of the standards cry. We may better, then, give thanks for tem wi11 be, " ... whenever a position or re­ what we have had and rejoice in our evaluation project, together with the devel­ quirement in one standard has application opment of guidelines for the application of in other like situations, the principle involved recollections of how our good fortune voluntary standards in the new PCA safety will apply.'' One example of this was the came to be. Adlai Stevenson stood in the ,and health regulations, has been very re­ search for specific dimensions for aisle spaces aristocratic tradition of American poli­ vealing. Guidelines will be developed into a used by industrial trucks. We were unable tics. His name is recorded With the reference handbook, containing an Inspec­ to find the specific details in one standard, Adamses and the Roosevelts. He had the tion Survey System to be used by our field but subsequently found them in another. staff in determining compliance. The hand­ instinct for public service, he knew that We have found conflicting requirements in the greatest opportunities for effective book will also be made available to the con­ both NFPA and the ANSI standards. These tractor subject to the PCA-SCA regulations, will be spelled out in detail and brought to public service lie in elective office. The and thereby make him aware of what he the attention of both the ANSI and the disappointments were his in cruel meas­ can expect to be checked for during the NFPA organizations as soon as the project ure but as one who was privileged to call course of a plant survey. Working on these is finished. him a friend let me testify that the satis­ two projects concurrently has enabled us Most interesting of a,11 findings was the factions were his as well. We need not to evaluate the standards more thoroughly proliferation of terms used in characteriz­ fear that he ever looked back With des­ with respect to coverage, content, applica­ ing safety factors and loading. bility, conflicts, limitations, gaps and other pairing regret at the way the final bal­ Terms used to characterize loading range ance was struck. shortcomings. from meaningless or nebulous-terms such This fl.ow of information oomes to light as ample, substantial, safely, substantially It was appropriate that the Republic as we identify the hazard category and de­ strong enough, to the more meaningful and should have paid its final tribute to him velop a capsule version of the requirements speoific terms that spell out explicit safety when he died in July of 1965 in the Na­ contained in the applicable standard. factors, pounds per square foot with deforma­ tional Cathedral in Washington, D.C. It In keeping with one of the major recom­ tion tolerances, pounds per square foot with is here that Woodrow Wilson is buried. mendations made in last year's status report, a safety factor of four, etc. Adlai Stevenson came of that generation thls inspection system ts being structured Granted, a variety of techniques for ex­ of Princeton students who thrilled to the according to "Hazard Categories." pressing safety factors are essentia.l, but The inspection system has been developed standards writers should really take a closer Wilson saga-that figure in our history into two major parts. The first part will cover look at these requirements. In some stand­ in whom the contrasting worlds of uni­ the preoperation.al safety and health require­ ards, specific factors of safety are cited and versity and precinct have had their most ments and treat the conditions normally in others, it is merely expressed in number dramatic conjunction. That day in the checked or looked for prior t,o the start of of pounds. I am certain thait; we Will find the cathedral we realized the youthfuI ad­ any operational process. Our studies reveal difference between "pounds" and "pounds­ mirer had completed the course with that there exists a series of situations that per-square-inch" vital. It may make the dif- honor and was at rest with the admired. CXVI--168--Part 2 2666 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1970 Those who are concerned with the fate reputation as perhaps the most imaginative, (A bank itself is not allowed to take a of America in the 1970's can find a blue­ and certainly the most colorful banker in second mortgage.) print for action if they reread the the country. "We don't take ourselves seri­ The CDC has another function as well: to ously here," he says. "But we're dead serious lend equity capital to capable ghetto resi­ speeches that Adlai Stevenson delivered about banking." dents eager to go into business. SO far, 28 in the forties, the fifties, and the sixties. Part missionary, part hardheaded business­ business loans have been made in Savannah Surely history will place his speeches and man, Lane prefers to call himself a promoter alone, all but two to blacks. A restaurant, a his writings among the great state rather than a banker. He is a bald, round­ dry-cleaning establishment, an electrical papers of the Republic. faced, bulky man, carrying a 220-pound load contracting business, a used-car agency have As Judge Carl McGowan said in the on his five-foot, 8Y2-inch frame, whose cloth been among the new businesses. These are funeral oration: often look slept-in after he's worn them for high-risk loans, but none of them is in an hour. His taste runs to loud sports jackets default. That voice is stilled now but its echoes in the office, a beret when he's behind the So far, the bank has lent over $2.5 million a.re likely to be sounding down the corridors wheel of his car. He is exuberance person­ for "Georgia Plan" projects. "And we've done of history for a long time. For it is the ified, a quality not appreciated by everyone it all on our own, without any government essence of faith to believe that the world in whose back he slaps. His standard greeting money or guarantees," says Lane. its advancing age will set no less store than is a booming, "It's a wonderful world!" He Lane is a third-generation banker. His we have upon reason, upon intelligence, wears ties inscribed with the same message, father, Mills Lane, Sr., an austere banker of upon gaiety, upon charity and compassion and has given away 4000 of them to em­ the old school, became president of the Citi­ and grace-- in all these things, and more, of ployes and friends. A colleague once asked zens Bank of Savannah, one of the two prede­ and with which this voice has spoken to us him whether the world was indeed so won­ cessors of C & s. back in 1901, and laid solid so often and so clearly in the past. • • • He derful. "Of course," said Lane. "That's com­ foundations for its present empire. Mills died as he would have wished, engaged in his pany policy." Jr. went to work in his father's bank in 1934, country's business and mankind's. Everything is a bit offbeat about Lane. He at $85 a month, after graduation from Yale. wears rimless eyeglasses with wire ear loops-­ When his father died in 1945, Lane was a style popular 30 years ago. He is up by C & S's first vice president. 6: 30 a.m., breakfasts on fruit juice and tea, The president was H. Lane Young, a cousin, THE IRREPRESSIBLE MILLS B. and is in the office soon after 7. He is usually with whom Mills Jr. had many clashes. LANE at home again by 4:45 p.m., and in bed by Young was an elderly, conservative banker 8:30 or 9 p.m. who often boasted that he had never made Lane prides himself on his accessibility. a bad loan. Lane saw such a record as a re­ HON. G. ELLIOTT HAGAN His office is just off the main banking room; flection of excessive caution. He wanted to OF GEORGIA the door is open, and visitors often duck in move, to innovate, to accept reasonable risks. to see him. He also answers his own phone, Their difference came to a climax in 1946 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and is a superb performer when fielding over an auto-financing scheme which Lane Thursday, February 5, 1970 calls--cordial, hearty, but businesslike and worked out but which Young rejected. Lane very fast. "Mills Lane," he says, in a musical resigned but was not away for long. Control Mr. HAGAN. Mr. Speaker, oftentimes upbeat tone as he lifts the receiver; then, of the bank was held by his family and the good thS1t people accomplish in their "You know, it's a wonderful world!" within a few weeks Lane was back-at 34 one lives is not given recognition until they Lane has built Citizens and Southern to of the youngest bank presidents in the pass on. Fortunately, in the case of Mills its pre-eminent position in the South country. B. Lane, this is not so as his endeavors through a dazzling display of speed, flexi­ With his optimism and flair for publicity, have been widely known and admired for bility and imagination. At C & S, a customer Lane has always been the talk of the town. who applies for a loan can generally get an To attract more savings, the bank was the quite some time. answer within 24 hours. Lane's speed in ap­ first in the country to sell "Savings Bonds"­ The February 1970 issue of Reader's proving loans is legendary. on one occasion, a certificates of deposit, in modest denomina­ Digest has an interesting article on this local trade publication needed half a. mil­ tions, which yield more than the normal in­ outstanding Savannahian, and I wish to lion dollars to buy out another publishing terest rate when held to maturity. Another commend it to the attention of my col­ house. Two other Atlanta banks dithered first, in 1959, was "instant money"-a cash leagues: about for days with the loan application. loan upon present ation of the bank's credit THE IRREPRESSIBLE MILLS B. LANE Lane was approached. He listened for five card to any teller. "We've been showmen," minutes--and committed C & S for the full he says today, "but not damn fools. The (By Irwin Ross) half million. banking business needed humanizing." When the Atlanta officers of the Citizens Lane has been equally willing to go out on Another novelty is his fleet of helicopters, and Southern Bank arrived for their regular a. limb for community projects-like the to fly paperwork from outlying branches to Wednesday meeting, they found a huge tar­ "Georgia Plan," a bank-sponsored effort to the 1bank's computer center in downtown At­ get hung on the wall. Its bull's-eye was a improve the living conditions of Georgia's lanta, saving many hours in clearing checks. fl.ashing red light, the only thing visible urban poor, most of them black. The scheme When making their rounds, the helicopters when the room suddenly went dark. A mo­ has several features. The most dramatic is an do not always land but scoop up canvas ment later came a blast of gunfire then the annual spring clean-up day, in which volun­ bags hoisted atop flagpoles on the roofs of light.s went on agaJ.n, revealing five men teers scoop up debris, clean vacant lots, haul banks. dressed in hunting costumes, brandishing a.way abandoned cars. In May 1968, Lane or­ Lane firmly believes in youth. The bank has shotguns. "We're taking dead aim at new g.a.nized the first such drive in his native for years had an aggressive recruitment pro­ savings bonds!" shouted their leader, Mills Savannah. The C & S bank bought 5000 new gram in the nation's colleges; currently 150 B. Lane, Jr., the irrepressible 58-year-old garbage cans--one for every resident who co­ college trainees are enrolled. C & S already president of the bank. It was Lane's way of operated-and 50,000 feet of new fencing. has a substantial "youth movement" among announcing a competition among bank em­ After a drumbeat of publicity that lasted for its seasoned executives. Richard L. Kat­ ployes to see who could sell the most savings days, 10,000 Negro and white volunteers tel, an executive vice president who runs bonds. poured out into the streets with trucks, the $150 million Savannah operation, is 33; The incident is typical of the zany gim­ shovels and brooms. In 1969, the drive en­ William E. Green, Jr., the bank's comptrol­ micks with which Lane enlivens the working rolled nearly 75,000 Georgians in 12 cities. ler, is 34; Eugen~ M. Rackley, III, the vice day-and get cascades of publicity for his Lane's bank has pledged $1 million a year president for personnel, 33. bank. He once rolled into an officer's meet­ for five years for such efforts, as well as for In no area has Lane so dramat ically upset ing top a toy automobile, to emphasize the the building of playgrounds and swimming banking tradition as in his involvement in need for speed in a bank promotion. Another pools, and paving streets. politics. Most bankers remain aloof from the time, touting teamwork, he and his chief The "Georgia Plan" also includes an am­ political arena, for fear of offending custom­ officers appeared at a meeting in football bitious program to improve ghetto dwellings ers. Lane has plunged right in. In 1961, he uniforms, complete with helmets. Most bank­ and encourage home ownership. In Savannah, helped spark Ivan Allen's successful mayor­ ers blanch at such stunts, but they find it where the program has been under way for alty boom. The next year, Lane got behind hard to argue with success. In his 23 years over a year, the bank has made more than a Carl Sanders, an enlightened young legisla­ as it s president, Lane has built Citizens and t housand home-improvement loans, averag­ tor who won the governorship by out polling sout hern int o t h e largest bank in the south, ing $1600 each, to citizens who have rarely, a bitter-end segregationist. But Lane does with over $1.3 b1llion in deposits and 70 1f ever, been able to borrow funds from a not win them all. He backed the loser in offices covering the state. Among m a jor bank. In addition, nearly 100 residents have Atlanta's recent mayoralty race. banks, C & S is the second most profitable been lent an average of $9000 each to become Win or lose, he plows ahead, heedless of in the nation, earning a 14.4 percent return homeowners. Many applicants lacked even convention or personal popularity, an­ on equity capital. the money for a down payment. Lane there­ nouncing "It's a. wonderful world!" to all Over the years, these high profits h ave fore set up a wholly owned subsidiary, the comers, even if they grimace in response. been matched by a quality of leadership and Community Development Corporation, to "I may be an eccentric," he concedes, "but community identification unexcelled among provide the necessary down payments in re­ I'm no clown." He is correct. And few states American banks. Lane himself has won a turn for second mortgages on the dwellings. are more in debt to a banker. February 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2667 About 500 guests, including five past com­ Clausen, second vice president of the ADMIRAL DORNIN RETIRES mandants of the 11th Nava.I District, at­ League of Women Voters of the United tended the ceremonies at the Na.val Train­ ing Center in which Rear Adm. Joseph W. States has offered some sugg·estions which HON. BOB WILSON Williams Jr., assumed the commandant's du­ I think will prove beneficial to both the OF CALIFORNIA ties from Dornin. general public and my colleagues. The essay follows: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ADMIRALS ATTEND THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR-MOBILIZING Thursday, February 5, 1970 The past commandants attending, all re­ tired rear admirals, were C. C. Hartman, Al­ PEOPLE POWER Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker, Ad­ mon E. Looinis, M. W. White, Walter H. (By Mrs. Donald Clausen) miral Dornin, known to all of us as Price and Frank A. Brandley. It is no longer difficult to point to sub­ "Mush" Domin, was formerly head of Williams ca.me to San Diego from the post stantial evidence that achieving a quality the Congressional Liaison Office of the of inspector general of the Pacific Fleet environment depends in a large and increas­ Navy, and is a friend of many of my With headquarters in Hawaii, a transfer jok­ ing measure upon public awareness, interest, colleagues. They will be interested to ingly characterized by Shinn as "a change of support, and participation. If the "public" hardship posts." (as we in the private sector are usually learn of his retirement in San Diego W1lliams, a veteran submariner and a for­ called) is to be more than an unthinking tool after 40 years of distinguished service mer commander of the U.S. 7th Fleet, also in the hands of the professionals in resource to our Nation. We San Diegans are served as commander of naval forces in Korea management, or the pressure groups repre­ pleased that Admiral Domin has chosen and as assistant chief of naval operations. senting single purpose interests, or the poli­ our fine community as his retirement He wears the Navy Cross----5econd highest ticians who make the final decisions, we need home, but know the Navy will sorely award for heroism-the Silver Star, Legion to become more astute a.bout what motivates miss him. I would like to share the fol­ of Merit with four gold stars and the Bronze us and how to gain strength. Obviously the lowing San Diego Union article which Star Medal with combat V. challenge in mobilizing people is twofold: DORNIN'S DAY (1) catch their interest, and (2) channel this outlines a few of Mush's many accom­ interest into some productive action. plishments during his Navy career: "This is Admiral Dornin's day," Will1ams said in a short speech, "and I don't want to Capturing the interest of people in any ADMmAL RETmES AFTER 40 YEARS detract from the honors that are rightly his." cause has become a highly competitive and (By Kip Cooper) However, warned Williams, "I want to re­ scientific discipline. In spite of this, those Cutting into the bone and muscle of the mind those critics of the military-industrial who desire to bring people together in behalf military forces by budget conscious admin­ complex that it is the civilian-military team of environmental causes do not always dem­ istrators has three times caused this nation that for 200 years has been providing the onstrate much awareness of how to go about to be militarily unprepared for war, the re­ men and the equipment that have kept this this feat. During the last 50 years, the League tiring commandant of the 11th Naval Dis­ nation free." of Women Voters has learned a little about trict said here yesterday. The United States, Williams said, "truly this process, and during the nearly 14 years Rear Adm. Marshall E. Dornin identified is the land of the free but only because of of our involvement in water resource prob­ these occasions as the Washington Naval the brave." lems, some thoughtful attention has been Disarmament Conference of 1921-22 leading The Dornins will live in San Diego after given to this very problem. It seems to us that to a naval limitations treaty between the retirement. those who share environmental concern must United States, England, France and Japan, recognize some important factors: and the post-World War II and post-Korea ( 1) The need to reach new elements in scrapping of m111tary equipment and ships. our society, i.e. urban dwellers, young people, "The Washington conference cut our Navy and minority groups. The decisions on the COUNTRY NEEDS TO PURSUE important environmental questions of this down," Dornin said. "And after World War ENVIRONMENT II, the fat was going to be cut from the generation and the next are going to be made military forces but the bone and the muscle in a large measure by those who fall into one were cut into so we were 111-prepared for HON. JAMES H. SCHEUER or all of these groups. If we fail to demon­ hootilities in Korea. strate sufficient concern for the urban en­ OF NEW YORK vironment, or to help city dwellers to recog­ REDUCED AGAIN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nize their physical problems as environ­ Dornin said after Korea, military forces mental problems, or to show a renewed in­ were reduced again and we were not too Thursday, February 5, 1970 terest in the city and its problems, we will well prepared for hostilities in Vietnam. Mr. SCHEUER. Mr. Speaker, President lose a large percentage of the population as "I honestly hope that our leaders today backers for conservation causes. The money, don't cut into the bone and muscle of our Nixon has recognized the danger to our the votes, the legislative representation, the defense establishment to the extent that envirorunent. In his state of the Union bargaining power is becoming increasingly this nation cannot meet its international address he said: concentrated in cities and suburbs. Failure treaty commitments, that the nation's secu­ The great question of the seventies is: to recognize that we have really done very rity is jeopardized and that our diplomats shall we surrender to our surroundings, or little to appeal to a large portion of our are forced to deal from a position of weak­ shall we make our peace with nature and population could be disastrous in future ness," he said. begin to make reparations for the damage decision-ma.king. It is not difficult to point "Of course, we need a nuclear detettent we have done to our air, our land, and our to selected programs involving young peo­ and intercontinental ballistic missiles," he water? ple and environmental awareness which saiid. "But we also need the tools of con­ could be termed successful, but we have ventional warfare as we have seen in Viet- Mr. Nixon has gone on record with hardly scratched the surface when it comes nam." the belief that we must act soon to make to making most of the next generation aware DORNIN RETIRES those reparations. The U.S. Commis­ of the difficult decisions they wm need to Dornin, 62, retired yesterday, ending over sioner of Education, Dr. James Allen, make if man is to survive on this planet. 40 years of milltary service which span the has also seen the great dangers facing Until environmental decisions are as hotly eras from coal to nuclear propulsion in naval the environment. Recently, he declared debated as the war in Vietnam, until young vessels. people identify as closely with this spectrum that it was essential for students to of problems as they do with drugs and the President Nixon awarded him the Legion "know the basic facts about environ­ of Merit, his third, for exceptionally meri­ draft, until they are as willing to support torious service here as commandant of the ment." Along with my colleagues, Con­ funds for massive protection and clean-up three-state 11th Naval District from August gressmen BRADEMAS, REID, and HANSEN, in our environment, we wlll continue to lose who joined me in sponsoring the Envi­ the battle for attention and awareness of the 1967 to January 1970. young. In the citation, which was read by Vice ronmental Quality Education Act, I am Adm. A. M. Shinn, Pacific Fleet Naval Air very pleased that the President and his (2) The need to see the interest and in­ Force commander, Dornin was commended volvement of more people in environmental leading expert in education have decided concerns, not as winning adherents to a for his outstanding community work in San to act in behalf of the environment. Diego and for inducing 98 per cent of the cause, but as involving more people in the city's landlords to subscribe to non-discrim­ And if this country is to preserve its decision-making process which should pre­ inatory housing policies. environment, an active informed public cede solutions. It would be a mistake for us The popular admiral also was commended is a necessity. It was for this purpose to think 1n terms of wanting to axouse large that the Environmental Quality Educa­ numbers of people to concern and action on for his successful efforts as the Navy's prin­ a broad range of problems as raising an army cipal contact with 11 community and civic tion Act was drawn up. Yet, in order for which will defend every ounce of waiter, ev·ery organizations and for ensuring that all com­ these informed citizens to wield political mands in the area. worked together to pro­ inch of ground and every cubicle of sky power they should have helpful guide­ against the misuse of the uniformed. If we vide outstanding service to the fleet. lines. In a short essay, Mrs. Donald are to involve large numbers of people in the 2668 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1970 choices to be made, then we must be preps.red MORTGAGING THE OLD HOME­ disease against which there would be no nat­ to give people the facts, show them how to STEAD ural immunity; iby "generate" is meant that express their wishes, and be prepared to ac­ even 1! the perpetrators inoculated them­ cept the fact that the people's choices may selves protectively, the disease in spreading not always coincide with those of the pure HON. JEFFERY COHELAN round the world could assume a. virulence of its own and involve them, too. When a British conservationist. We must not make the mis­ OF CALIFORNIA take of assuming that "right" and "wrong" bacteriologist died of the bug he had in­ of environmental choices is so obvious that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vented, a distinguished scientist said, the decisions will always be what we would Thursday, February 5, 1970 "Thank God he didn't sneeze, he could have like them to be. What is important is that started a pandemic against which there we, who because of our involvement in Mr. COHELAN. Mr. Speaker, I submit would have been no immunity." citizen-based organizations, have learned for the attention of my colleagues a most Modern Man can outboast the Ancients, quite a. bit about how to be politically effec­ illuminating article on the environmen­ who in the arrogance of their material tive, share this knowledge of technique with tal crisis we find our society in. "Mort­ achievements built pyramids as the grave­ others without apprehension that it will not gaging the Old Homestead" by Lord stones of their civilizations. We can blast our be used to support unfortunate choices. pyramids into space to orbit through all There would be little purpose to trying to Ritchie-Calder is a clear and comprehen­ eternity round a planet which perished by bring into the decision-making process larger sive account of the ever-increasing prob­ our neglect. numbers of people from previously-un­ lem of pollution. Lord Ritchie-Calder's A hundred years ago Claude Bernard, the reached parts of society unless we also focus analysis is frightening. He depicts en­ famous French physiologist, enjoined his col­ on how to channel this interest into some vironmental pollution as a manmade leagues, "True science teaches us to doubt productive and satisfying action. To over­ disease with untold effects upon all of and in ignorance to refrain." What he meant simplify and surely to eliminate many pos­ mankind. Something must be done be­ was that the scientist must proceed from one sibilities, I should like to suggest a few tested foothold to the next (like going into guidelines for those who seek to arouse the fore it reaches uncontrollable epidemic a. minefield with a mine detector). Today we public to action. proportions. are using the biosphere, the living space, as (1) Have well-defined goals for what you I recommend this article as additional an experimental laboratory. When the mad want to accomplish. Many a good idea goes testimony for the need for stricter anti­ scientist of fiction blows himself and his floundering for lack of the ability to see it pollution legislation. It follows: laboratory skyhigh, that is all right, but when as a part of the whole or to articulate it MORTGAGING THE OLD HOMESTEAD scientists and decisionma.kers a.ct out of to laymen. People do not like to waste their ignorance and pretend that it is knowledge, time in meetings where the nature of the (NoTE.-The destruction of the environ­ they are putting the whole world in hazard. problem and the aims of the group are never ment, the erosion of the "quality of life," has Anyway, science at best is not wisdom; it is set forth in explicit terms. become the foremost issue of the day. Making knowledge, while wisdom is knowledge tem­ (2) Include those whom you want to reach "our peace with nature," said President pered with judgment. Because of over­ in the planning process, i.e., in the selection Nixon in his State of the Union Message la.st specialization, most scientists are disabled of goals and in the strategy sessions. Action week, is "the great question of the '70s." As from exercising judgments beyond their own by citizen organizations and individuals is public awareness increases and indignation sphere. not a commodity which can be turned on mounts, a torrent of words pours forth con­ A classic example was the atomic bomb. at the convenience of officials or lay leaders. cerning the necessities and priorities of our It was the Physicists' Bomb. When the de­ ( 3) Be prepared to show how the doer will environmental dilemma. But nowhere has vice exploded at Alamogordo on July 16, 1945, benefit from the action. An important prin­ rthe issue been faced as succinctly and provoc­ and made a notch mark in history from ciple of opinion building-the identification atlvely as in the following article, written which Man's future would be dated, the principle--is involved. To accept an idea or for the current edition of the quarterly safebreakers had cracked the lock of the a point of view, the people we are trying to "Foreign Affairs" by the eminent British sci­ nucleus before the locksmiths knew how it reach must see clearly that it affeots them. entific author and United Nations science worked. (The evidence of this is the billions (4) Be ready and willing to provide suf­ adviser, Lord Ritchie-Calder. Though Lord of dollars which have been spent since 1945 ficient information and assistance to those Ritchie-Calder considers some questions that on gargantuan machines to study the fun­ whom you want to take action. One of the are normally outside the scope of our edi­ damental particles, the components of the biggest blocks to more citizen action on re­ torial interest, he deals with others that cer­ nucleus; and they still do not know how they source problems is the feeling the average tainly are not. And one point is clear: if the interrelate.) citizen has that he is incompetent to ex­ matters he discusses are not resolved, there Prime Minister Clement Attlee, who con­ press opinions on scientific and technological will be no sporting life, no leisure life, no curred with President Truman's decision to matters. contemplative life-perhaps no life at all. drop the bomb on Hiroshima, later said: "We (5 ) Identify those you want to reach and "These [smog, pollu+Jon, noise, etc.] are not knew nothing whatever at that time about tailor your plans to fit. As in any other effort the great questions that concern world lead­ the genetic effects of an atomic explosion. I to reach people, you will need to identify ers at summit conferences," said the Presi­ knew nothing about fallout and all the rest the audience and adapt requests for action to dent. But Lord Ritchie-Calder a convinced of what emerged after Hiroshima. As far as what they can and will do. internationalist, says this is the summit is­ I know, President Truman and Winston (6) Be clear about what you want people to sue, that man's last chance lies in planned Churchill knew nothing of those things do. People do not buy ideas separated from cooperation between nations at the highest either, nor did Sir John Anderson, who co­ action. Unless a means of action is provided, level. In the belief that this article deserves ordinated research on our side. Whether the people tend to shrug off appeals for support. the widest readership, it is reprinted here in scientists directly concerned knew or guessed, (7) Keep the channels of communication full.-The EDITORS.) I do not know. But if they did, then so far as open. Once individuals or organizations have (By Lord Ritchle-Oalder) I am a.ware, they said nothing of it to those been enlisted it ls important to keep in Past civilizations are buried in the grave­ who had to make the decision." contact in order to maintain interest. yards of their own mistakes, but as each That sounds absurd, since as long before ( 8) Make the doer feel he is not alone died of its greed, its carelessness or its effete­ as 1927, Herman J. Muller had been studying but a participant in a large effort. Don't be ness another took its place. That was because the genetic effects of radiation, work for negative about the outlook, or the numbers such civilizations took their character from which he was later a.warded the Nobel Prize. of people, or the effect of citizen efforts, if a locality or region. Today ours is a. global But it is true that in the whole documenta· you want to encourage more of the same. civilization; it is not bounded by the Tigris tion of the British effort before it merged (9) Praise the efforts of others--and pub­ and the Euphrates nor even the Hellespont in the Manhattan Project, there is only one licize their names and/or their organizations. and the Indus; it is the whole world. Its reference to genetic effects-a Medical Re­ Subjugation of personality and organiza­ planet has shrunk to a neighborhood round search Council minute which was not con­ tional identity is often necessary. which a man-made satellite can patrol 16 neoted with the bomb they were intending (10) Be realistic about what can be ac­ times a day, riding the gravitational fences of to make; it concerned the possibility that the complished and be frank. It is better to de­ Man's family estate. It is a. community so Germans might, short of the bomb, pro­ cide to do something that has a reasonable interdependent that our mistakes are exag­ duce radioactive isotopes as a form of bio­ chance of success-at least in the beginning. gerated on a world scale. logical warfare. In the Franck Report, the People become disenchanted if they never For the first time in history, Man has most statesmanlike document ever produced see any measurable progress. the power of veto over the evolution of his by scientists, with its percipience of the mil­ In summary, to get action from people, own species through a nuclear holocaust. The itary and political consequences of unilateral they must be helped to see in the dry and overkill is enough to wipe out every man, use of the bomb (presented to Secretary of often technical reports of basic data, a larger woman and child on earth, together with our War Henry L. Stimson even before the test view. People must be helped to the point fellow lodgers, the animals, the birds and the bomb exploded) , no reference is made to the where they are willing to accept the incon­ inSects, and to reduce our planet to a radio­ biological effects, although one would have veniences, the regulations, and the expense active wilderness. Or the Doomsday Machine supposed that to have been a very powerful of the solutions to the nation's environment­ could be replaced by the Doomsday Bug. By argument. The explanation, of course, was al problems because they are fully committed gene manipulation and man-made muta­ that it was the Physicists' Bomb and military to the final goals and objectives. tions, it is possible to produce, or generate, a security restricted information and discus- February 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2669 sion to the bomb-makers, which excluded the biggest of which is at Hanford, Wash. The Bermuda. She was registered under the Li­ biologists. Hanford "farm" encloses a. stretch of the berian flag of convenience and her captain The same kind of breakdown in interdis­ Columbia River in a. tract covering 575 and crew were Italians recruited in Genoa. ciplinary consultation was manifest in the square miles where no one is allowed to live Just to complicate the international tangle, subsequent testing of fission and fusion or to trespass. she was under charter to the British petro­ bombs. Categorical assurances were given There, in the 20th-century Giza., it has leum Tanker Company to bring 118,000 tons that the fallout would be confined to the oost more, much more, to bury live atoms of crude oil from Kuwait to Milford Haven in testing area, but the Japanese fishing boat than it cost to entomb the sungod kings of Wales, via. the Cape of Good Hope. Approach­ Lucky Dragon was "dusted" well outside the Egypt. The capital outlay runs into hundreds ing Lands End, the Italian captain was in­ predicted range. Then we got the story of of millions of dollars and the maintenance formed that if he did not reach Milford radiostrontium. Radiostrontium is an ana­ of the U.S. sepulchers is more than $6 million Haven by 11 p.m. Saturday night he would log of calcium. Therefore in bone-formation a year. {Add to that the buried waste of the miss high water and would not be able to an atom of natural strontium can take the U.S.S.R., Britain, Canada, France and China, ·enter the harbor for another five days, which place of calcium and the radioactive version and one can see what it costs to bury live would have annoyed his employers. He took a can do likewise. For all practical purposes atoms.) And they are very much alive. At shortcut, setting course between Seven Stones radiostrontium did not exist in the world Hanford they are kept in million-gallon rocks and the Scilly Isles, and he finished up before 1945; it is a man-made element. Today carbon-steel tanks. Their radioactive vitality on Pollard Rock, in an area where no ship of every young person, anywhere in the world, keeps the accompanying acids boiling like a that size should ever have been. whose bones were forming during the mas­ witch's cauldron. A cooling system has to be Her ruptured tanks began ,to vomit oil and sive bomb-testing in the atmosphere, carries maintained continuously. The vapors from great slicks appeared over the sea in the di­ this brand mark of the Atomic Age. The the self-boiling tanks have to be condensed rection of the Cornish holiday beaches. A radiostrontium in their bones is medically and "scrubbed" (radioactive atoms removed); Dutch tug made a dash for the stranded ship, insignificant, but, if the test ban (belated otherwise a radioactive miasma would escape gambling on the salvage money. (Where the recognition) had not prevented the escala­ from the vents. The tanks will not endure as salvaged ship could have been taken one tion of atmospheric testing, it might not long as the pyramids and certainly not for cannot imagine, since no place would offer have been. the hundreds of thousands of years of the harborage to a leaking tanker.) After delays Every young person everywhere was af­ long-lived atoms. The acids and the atomic and a death in the futile salvage effort, the fected, and why? Because those responsible ferments erode the toughest metal, so the British Government moved in with the navy, for H-bomb testing miscalculated. They as­ tanks have to be periodically decanted. An­ the air force and, on the beaches, the army. sumed that the upthrust of the H-bomb other method is to entomb them in disused They tried to set fire to the floating oil which, would punch a hole in the stratosphere and salt mines. Another is to embed them in of course, woUld not volatilize. They covered that the gaseous radioactivity would dissi­ ceramics, lock them up in glass beads. An· the slicks with detergents (supplied at a pate itself. One of those gases was radioac­ other is what is known as "hydraulic frac­ price by the oil companies) , and then the tive krypton, which quickly decays into ra­ tion": a hole is drilled into a shale formation bombers moved in to try to cut open the diostrontium, which is a particulate. The {below the subsoil water); liquid is piped deck and, with incendiaries, to set fire to the technicians had been wrongly briefed about down under pressure and causes the shale to remaining oil in the tanks. Finally the ship the nature of the troposphere, the climatic split laterally. Hence the atoms in liquid foundered and divers confirmed that the oil ceiling which would, they maintained, pre­ cement can be injected under enormous pres­ had been effectively consumed. vent the fallback. But between the equa­ sure and spread into the fissures to set like Nevertheless the resUlt was havoc. All meas­ torial troposphere and the polar troposphere a radioactive sandwich. ures had had to be improvised. Twelve thou­ there is a gap, and the radiostrontium ca.me This accumulating waste from fission sand tons of detergent went into the sea. back through this fanlight into the climatic plants will persist until the promise, st ill far Later marine biologists found that the cure jet streams. It was swept all round the from fulfilled, of peaceful thermonuclear had been worse than the complaint. The oil world to come to earth as radioactive rain, power comes about. With the multiplication was disastrous for seabirds, but marine or­ to be deposited on food crops and pastures, of power reactors, the wastes will increase. It ganic life was destroyed by the detergents. to be ingested by animals and to get into is calcUlated that by the year 2000, the num­ By arduous physical efforts, with bulldozers milk and into babies and children and ado­ ber of six-ton nuclear "hearses" in transit and flamethrowers and, again, more deter­ lescents whose growing bones were hungry to "burial grounds" at any given time on the gents, the beaches were cleaned up for the for calcium or its equivalent strontium, in highways of the United States will be well holiday-makers. Northerly winds swept the this case radioactive. Incidentally, radio­ over 3,000 and the amount of radioactive oil slicks down the Channel to the French strontium was known to the biologists be­ products will be about a billion curies, which coast with even more serious consequences, fore it "hit the headlines." They had found is a mighty lot of curies to be roaming around particularly to the valuaible shellfish indus­ it in the skin burns of animals exposed on a populated country. try. With even bigger tankers being launched, the Nevada testing ranges and they knew The alarming possibilities were well illus­ this affair is a portentous warning. its sinister nature as a "bone-seeker." But trated by the incident at Paloma.res on the Two years after Torrey Canyon, an offshore the authorities clapped security on their coa.st of Spa.in, when there occurred a col­ oil rig erupted in the Santa Barbara Channel. work, classified it as "Operation Sunshine" lision of a refueling aircraft with a U.S. nu­ The disaster to wildlife in this area, which and cynically called the units of radiostron­ clear bomber on "live" mission. The bombs has island nature reserves and is on the tium "Sunshine Units"-an instance not of were scattered. There was no explosion, but migratory route of whales, seals and seabirds, ignorance but of deliberate noncommunica­ radioactive material broke loose and the con­ was a repetition of the Torrey Canyon oil tion. taminated beaches and farm soil had to be spill. And the operator of the lethal oil rig One beneficial effect of the alarm ca.used scooped up and taken to the United States was Union Oil. by all this has been that the atoms industry for burial. Another piece of stupidity shows how much is, bar none, the safest in the world for those Imagine what would have happened if the we are wt the mercy of ignorant men pre­ working in it. Precautions, now universal, Torrey Canyon, the giant tanker which was tending to be knowledgeable. During the In­ were built into the code of practice from wrecked off the Scilly Isles, had been nuclea.r­ ternational Geophysical Year, 1957-58, the the beginning. Indeed it can be admitted powered. Some experts make comforting Van Allen Belt was discovered. This is an area. that the safety margins in health and in noises and say that the reactors would have of magnetic phenomena. Immediately it was working conditions are perhaps excessive in closed down," but the Torrey Canyon was a decided to explode a. nuclear bomb in the the light of experience, but no one would wreck and the Palomares incldent showed belt to see whether an artifioial -aurora could dare to modify them. There can, however, what happens when radiocative materials be produced. The colorful draperies and be accidents in which the public assumes break loose. All those oil-polluted beaches of luminous skirts of the aurora boreal1s are the risk. At Windscale, the British atomic southwest England and the coasts of Brit­ caused by the drawing in of cosmic particles center in Cumberland, a reactor burned out. tany woUld have had to be scooped up for through the rare gases of the upper atmo­ Radioactive fumes escaped from the stacks nuclear burial. sphere-ionization it is called; it ds like pass­ in spite of the filters. They drifted over the The Torrey Canyon is a nightmarish ex­ ing electrons through the vacuum tubes of country. Milk was dumped into the sea be­ ample of progress for its own sake. The bigger our fa.m.iliar fluorescent lighting. The name cause radioactive iodine had covered the the tanker, the cheaper the freightage, which Rain:bow Homb was given it in anticipation dairy pastures. is supposed to be progress. This ship was built of the display it was e~pec;ted to produce. There ls the problem of atomic waste dis­ at Newport News, Va. in 1959 for the Union Every eminent scientist in the field of cos­ posal, which persists in the peaceful use as Oil Company; it was a giant for the time-- mology, ra

fected with streptococci, but never before Boston to Washington; and on the West MISREADING DEMOCRACY on a human. Prontosil was the first of the Coast, apart from Los Angeles sprawling into The drive to abolish the electoral college sulfa drugs--chemotherapeutics-which the desert, the realtors are already slurring and substitute direct popular election of could attack the germ within the living body. one city into another all along the Pacific Presidents, which achi~ved an important Thus was prepared the way for the redis­ Coast from the Mexican border to San Fran­ initial success last week when the House covery of peniclllin-rediscovery because, al­ cisco. We don't need a crystal ball to forsee endorsed it by more than the required two­ though Fleming had discovered it in 1928, it what Davis and Doxiadis are predicting; we thirds, is powered by two engines: fear and had been ignored; neither he nor anybody can already see it through smog-covered ideology. The people have been told re­ else had seen its supreme virtue of attack­ spectacles. A blind man can smell what is peatedly that we are playing Russian rou­ ing germs within the living body. That is the coming. lette; that in close electlon3 under the pres­ operative phrase, for while medical science The danger of prediction is that experts ent system, such as those of 1968 and 1960, and the medical profession had used anti­ and men of affairs are likely to plan for the a George Wallace or the like can keep both septics for surface wounds and sores, they predicted trends and confirm these trends. major-party candidates from getting the nec­ were always labeled "Polson, not to be taken "Prognosis" is something diiferent from essary majority of electoral votes, and can internally." The sulfa drugs had shown that "Prediction." An intelligent doctor, having then be the President-maker, either by sell­ it was possible to attack specific germs within diagnosed your symptoms and examined ing the votes of the electors supposedly com­ the living body and had changed this atti­ your condition, does not say ( except in mitted to him, or by letting the election go tude. So when Chain and Florey looked again novelettes) "You have six months to live." into the House. In the House, we are re­ at Fleming's penicillin in 1938, they were see­ An intelligent doctor says, "Frankly, your minded, the Constitution now gives each ing it in the light of the experience of the condition is serious. Unless you do so-and-so, state one vote for purposes of electing a sulfas. and I do so-and-so, it is bound to deterio­ President when the electoral college is dead­ A new era of disease-fighting had begun­ rate." The operative phrase is "do so-and-so." locked, and that vote is cast by a majority the sulfas, the antibiotics, DDT insecticides. We don't have to plan for trends; if they are of each state's Representatives. The small Doctors could now attack a whole range of socially undesirable our duty is to plan away states count, therefore, most disproportion­ invisible enemies. They could master the old from them, to treat the symptoms before ately, and a George Wallace may be able to killer diseases. They proved it during the war, they become malignant. · fl.sh quite successfully. and when the war ended there were not only We have to do this on the local, the na­ The fears may be a trifle exaggerated, but stockpiles of the drugs, there were tooled-up tional and the international scale, through they are nonetheless justified. Yet they do factories to produce them. So, to prevent the intergovernmental action, because there are not justify abolishing the electoral college. spread of the deadly epidemics which follow no frontiers in present-day pollution and The dangers which give rise to them can be wars, the supplies were made available to destruction of the biosphere. Mankind shares entirely eliminated by an amendment per­ the war-ravaged countries with their dis­ a common habitat. We have mortgaged the fecting the present arrangement: abolish placed persons, and then to the developing old homestead and nature is liable to fore­ the elector as a theoretically free agent, pro­ countries. Their indigenous infections and close. Viding instead that a state's electoral vote contagions and insect-borne diseases were be automatically and unavoidably cast for checked. the winner of a majority or plurality of the Almost symbolically, the first great clinical THE NEW REPUBLIC TAKES TIME popular vote in that state; and, cause dead­ use of prontosil had been in dealing with TO EXAMINE DffiECT ELECTION locks to be resolved, not by the present puerperal sepsis, childbed fever. It had spec­ archaic and pointless method, but for ex­ tacularly saved mothers' lives in Queen ample, by election in the House or in a joint Charlotte's Hospital, London. Now its suc­ HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY session of Congress by a majority of the cessors took up the story. Fewer mothers died OF MISSOURI individual votes of the members. in childbirth, to live and have more babies. These solutions do not commend them­ Fewer infants died, fewer toddlers, fewer IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES selves to advocates of the popular election. adolescents. They lived to marry and have Thursday, February 5, 1970 however, because practical worries about the children. Older people were not killed off by, workings of the electoral college a.re, after for instance, malaria. The average life-span Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, September 18, all, a secondary matter to them. Their posi­ increased. the House of Representatives passed tion is essentially idealogical. It's the prtn­ Professor Kingsley Davis of the University legislation for the direct popular elec­ ciple of the thing. Democracy, the argu­ of California at Berkeley, the authority on tion of the President and Vice President ment runs, has one pure and simple mean­ urban development, has presented a hair­ of the United States. My opposition to ing-a popular majority decides. Once in our ralsing picture from his survey of the world's passage of that proposal is recorded with history, under the system now in effect, the cities. He has shown that 38% of the world's that of 69 other House Members, most of electoral college produced a deadlock, and population is already living in what are de­ whom are Representatives from Southern once in the last century in an honest elec­ fined as urban places. More than one-fifth tion it let the loser of the popular vote by a of the world's population is living in cities States who, for different reasons, oppose very narrow margin ga.in the Presidency. of 100,000 or more. And more than one-tenth direct election. Otherwise, and always in this century, it of the world's population is now living in One need not be from the South or has allowed a popular majority-or plurality, cities of a million or more inhabitants. In be a member of the conservative camp which is apparently equally acceptable--to 1968, 375 million people were living in mil­ to oppose direct election. One need only be decisive. In theory, nevertheless, the elec­ lion-and-over cities. The proportions are study the potential disasters of such a toral college can defeat the winner of at least changing so quickly that on present trends it radical and unnecessary reform as com­ a narrow popular majority or plurality. That would take only 16 years for half the world's pared to a reform which would remove is its chief sin, that is behind the strong population to be living in cities and only 55 drive to abolish it, that is why Tom Wicker years for it to reach 100% . the most objectionable and fearful fea­ of The New York Times writes that there's Within the lifetime of a child born today, tures of the present system. no better way to unify the nation "than to Kingsley Davis foresees, on present trends I have introduced legislation proposing convert our patchwork method of choosing of population increase, 15 billion people to that the electoral college be eliminated a national leader into a genuinely national be fed and housed-nearly five times as and that electoral votes be cast auto­ act, in which every man's vote counts many as now. The whole human species matically for the winner of each State's equally, and neither states nor sections mat­ would be living in cities of a million and over presidential vote. Known as the "auto­ ter." inhabitants, and-wait for it !-the biggest matic electoral system," this proposa] Is a simple and invariable majoritariansim city would have 1.3 billion inhabitants. That what we mean by democracy? Since when? means 186 times as many as there are in also provides that the Senate and House The Supreme Court, which has a great deal Greater London. of Representatives sitting in joint ses­ to do with how we are governed, is not only For years the Greek architect Doxiadis has sion would choose in such case as neither not majoritaria.n, it is not even elected. The been warning us about such prospects. In candidate were to achieve at least 40 Senate also wields a good bit of power over his Ecumenopolls-World City--one urban percent of the electoral votes. us, (and in the judgment of many it has in area would ooze into the next, llke confluent This reform would remove the two recent years been more responsive to the ulcers. The East Side of World City would threats reponsible for the fear which public interest than has the House); in the have as its High Street the Eurasian High­ now provides the momentum for the -di­ Senate, each state, regardless of population, way stretching from Glasgow to Bangkok, has an equal vote, of which no state may be with the Channel Tunnel as its subway and rect election forces. deprived, says the Constitution, even by a a built-up area all the way. On the West Side I commend to the attention of my duly passed and ratified amendment, with­ of World City, divided not by the tracks but colleagues the following comment from out its own consent. In the House, although by the Atlantic, the pattern is already the New Republic of September 27, 1969, each state has at least one vote, the whole emerging, or rather, merging. Americans al­ when this magazine took time to evalu­ state may be-and some are---00nsiderably ready talk about Boswash, the urban devel­ ate and to question the action of the smaller in population than the average Con­ opment of a built-up area. stretching from House on direct election. It follows: gressional district. 2672 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1970 Aside from the fact that very few of our applied in our tradition, or as it could con­ citizen, especially the returning veteran from institutions, and none of our nation.al ones, ceivably be applied in the conditions of our Viet Nam, who has served With his life and are out-and-out ma.joritarian, we don't vast and varied. country. person; and choose to do everything by simple majority Whereas, the County is further charged votes. It takes a two-thirds vote in the Sen­ with providing assistance to the returning ate to ratify a treaty, and a two-thirds vote LOS ANGELES COUNTY BOARD OF veteran from Viet Na.m in his return to a in the Senate and House to propose a con­ SUPERVISORS SUPPORTS EX­ productive civilian life; and stitution.al amendment, which must then be PANDED EDUCATION AND TRAIN­ Whereas, House Bill 11959 would provide ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths ING ASSISTANCE FOR AMERICA'S an increase on a graduated scale the rates of the states. A Congress in which the entire of educational assistance, vocational rehabil­ House and one-third of the Sen.ate are RETURNING VIETNAM VETERANS itation and special allowance paid to eligible newly-elected, and which is thus the authen­ veterans; and tic voice of a popular majority, if ever there Whereas, House Bill 11959, as amended by is one in our nation.al institutions, may pass HON. EDWARD R. ROYBAL the Senate, would provide additional educa­ a. law, but a President elected two years ea.r­ OF CALIFORNIA tion and training assistance to veterans and lier and now perhaps out of tune with the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES preveterans who may have academic defi­ new majority may veto the law. If he does, ciencies preventing them from pursuing it takes a two-thirds vote in the Senate and Thursday, February 5, 1970 higher education or vocational training; and Bouse to override his veto and make a valid Mr. ROYBAL. Mr. Speaker, because of Whereas, House Bill 11959, a.s amended by law. the growing nationwide interest in pro­ the Senate, would provide for a veterans One may view all these institutions and viding more adequate programs of ed­ outreach services program to insure that all devices as outrageously undemocratic, hardly veterans, especially those recently separated, less undemocratic than the electoral college, ucation, vocational training, civilian receive personalized educational, vocational, and be prepared to sweep one or all of them readjustment, and job placement assist­ social services and job placement assistance; away also, including the Supreme Court, ance for our returning Vietnam veterans, and the next time the majoritarian broom cleans I would like to include in the RECORD the Whereas, House Bill 11959, as amended out the stables. In truth these institutions text of a resolution adopted by the Los by the Senate, in oodition, would provide and devices tell us that throughout our his­ Angeles County Board of Supervisors for the establishment of Veterans Assistance tory we have perceived other values in gov­ in support of congressional passage of Centers in communities where large num­ ernment than its reflection of simple majori­ bers of those veterans reside, such as· in the ties of the moment, which are in any event H.R. 11959, the Veterans' Education and East Los Angeles area; and not easy to find or may be whipped up on de­ Training Assistance Act Amendments of Whereas, House Bill 11959 has been re­ mand. We have lived this democracy as a 1970. ferred to the Conference Committee of the rather complex sum of these Yalues, not just As a member of the House Committee Hous·e and Senate; as uncompromising majoritarianism. We on Veterans' Affairs, and as a strong ad­ Now, therefore, be it resolved that this have, since Madison, understood that people vocate of maximum veterans' assistance Board of Supervisors of the County of Los tend to act politically not so much as indi­ in readjusting to civilian life, I deeply Angeles is in support of House Bill 11959, viduals as in groups; that they have opin­ appreciate the support of the Los Angeles now awaiting further action by the 91st ions, preferences and interests which vary County Board of Supervisors on this Congress, and in intensity, thus calling for varying degrees Be it further resolved that this Board of respect and forebearance on the part of matter, and I earnestly hope that the extends Los Angeles County's appreciation others, even if those others constitute a ma­ House and Senate conferees will be to the California Congressional Delegation jority; that majorities sometimes act rashly able to come to an early agreement on and California Senators as well as the mem­ and even mindlessly, and may need to be an acceptable compromise between the bers of the House Committee and the Senate given pause; that, in short, influence and House- and Senate-passed versions of Subcommitt ee on Veterans Affairs for their even power should be distributed more H.R. 11959-that will off er the most efforts in behalf of Viet Nam veterans. widely than they would be in rigid adherence comprehensive possible program of as­ State of California, County of Los Angeles to the majoritarian principle, so that govern­ sistance to America's young men and SS. ment may rest on Widespread consent rather I, James S. Mize, Executive Officer and than teetering on the knife-edge of a tran­ women who have served their country as Clerk of the Board of Supervisors of the sient 51 percent. For we have wanted govern­ citizen-soldiers with great distinction County of Los Angeles, do hereby certify ment to be stable and peaceable, and to have and often a.it considerable personal sacri­ that the foregoing is a full, true and correct the most limited need to resort to coercion. fice. copy of an excerpt of Board Order No. 137 What we have evolved, therefore, is a plu­ The resolution follows: of' January 13, 1970 of the Board of Super­ ralistic system, in Professor Robert Dahl's RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF visors of the County of Los Angeles, and phrase, of minorities rule. We have striven, THE COUNTY OF Los ANGELES IN SUPPORT ex officio the governing body of all other perhaps it may be said, not for a majorita­ OF HOUSE BILL 11959, AS AMENDED BY THE special assessment and taxing districts for rtan, but for a participatory democracy, in SENATE, RELATING TO RETURNING VIETNAM which said Board so acts. which access to the process of government is VETERANS In witness whereof, I have hereunto set cont inuously available to all groups. my hand and affixed the seal of the County The question about the electoral college, Whereas, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors represents a population in excess of Los Angeles this 14th day of January, then, is not whether it is inevitably and 1970. purely majoritarian. It is not, although rthe of seven million people; and Whereas, the County of Los Angeles is JAMES M. MizE, electoral college is very considerably more so Executive Officer-Clerk of the Board of than our other national institutions. The charged with the legal responsibility of pro­ viding vital services such as judicial adm1n... Supervisors of the County of Los question is whether or not it tends to en­ Angeles. hance minorities rule; whether it tends to istration, property assessment, tax collection, public health protection, hospitals and pub­ By DORIS M. FAULDI, include or exclude various groups from in­ Deputy. fluence in the institution of government lic social services on a County-wide basis to which is the Presidency, and whether, if it all citizens; and assigns somewhat disproportionate influ­ Whereas, the County of Los Angeles is fur­ ence to some groups, they are the ones whdch ther charged With providing services such MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN­ are relatively short-changed in Congress, so as fire safety, sheriff services, building and HOW LONG? that the total effect of the electoral college safety code enforcement, veterinarian serv­ is the achievement of a balance of influence. ices, pound services, nox'ious weed abatement, The groups which tend to be favored by the emergency ambulance service, recreation HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE electoral college system, ac we have several services, planning and zoning services and OF IOWA street maintenance to its unincorporated ter­ times pointed out in these pages, are cohesive IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES blocs of urban voters in the large industrial ritories; and states; they are the ones which have propor­ Whereas, the County of Los Angeles is fur­ Thursday, February 5, 1970 ther charged With providing vital services tionately less influence in Congress than Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child their numbers would justify. organized under special districts, such as air pollution control, flood control, fire protec­ asks: ''Where is daddy?" A mother asks: Practical men interested in perfecting the tion and sanitailion; and "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my American democracy are well-advised to dis­ Whereas, the County of Los Angeles is fur­ enthrall themselves from the romance of husband alive or dead?" ther charged With providing the same serv­ Communist North Vietnam is sadis­ pure majoritarianism. Diminishing the in­ ices rendered to its unincorporated territories fluence of the urban voter, 'Which is one prob­ to its seventy-seven incorporated cities on a tically practicing spiritual and mental able result of popular election of Presidents, contract basis; and genocide on over 1,400 American prison­ is not a democratic result--not as the con­ Whereas, the County is further charged ers of war and their families. cept of democracy has been defined and with providing assistance to the individual How long? February 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2673 CHEMICAL TRANSPORTATION procedures and standby services when perts they are, the industry turned over INDEX accidents do occur; and the individual's the problem of a safety package-in or­ freedom of choice in the absence of defin­ der that its efforts would be quiet and itive information. These threads have a unhampered-to an industry organiza­ HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI cumulative effect. A problem in one area tion, the Railway Systems and Manage­ OF Il.LINOIS renders it difficult to solve the problems ment Association-RSMA. RSMA is an IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in any other area. educational and "think tank" organiza­ Thursday, February 5, 1970 To focus, for example, upon preventive tion supported entirely by the railroad measures fosters a dangerous sort of tun­ industry. Without committees, but with Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, it has nel vision. Appeals to conscience have lit­ communication, direction, and leader­ come to my attention that a remarkable tle prospect of success. Legislation, unless sh!ip; the resources available to this development is taking place in the rail­ accompanied by an inordinate amount of ''think tank" quickly assembled and pro­ road industry today; that is, an outstand­ manpower which in itself would create duced this index and right now they are ing demonstration of responsibUity for a tremendous information problem, working on the development of this en­ our Nation's interest. I not only want to would be less than effective. How, then, tire system: an emergency action plan share my awareness at this time, but I can we expand on this basic scientific manual, that will correctly prompt the want to salute those extremely capable fact-all chemicals can be safely trans­ control of a total accident scene; safety individuals who collectively are the lead­ ported and handled if necessary precau­ char.ts, that will give reference and ership of this most basic of all modes tions and control measures are observed? depth of understanding to avoid, to con­ of transportaJtion. The only hopeful prospect is to create front, to handle, to contain, any haz­ This industry is currently developing a framework of information, which would ardous threat; an education program, the ultimate in a comprehensive program encompass the entire transportation for the operating men in the industry, designed to mitigate against accidents safety environment. This would define and for local fire departments; an in­ involving the transporation of hazard­ and control the community of interests, formation program, to enlighten the ous materials, especially chemicals. This and relate them to national goals. And public; and to complete this total en­ subject has, from time to time, been this is exactly what the leadership in the vironment approach, a national trans­ brought before this House, only to ac­ railroad industry has done, that this de­ portation safety data retrieval system. complish frustration. Meanwhile, quiet­ velopment can be used equally well by all It is ~dent that the railroad industry ly, unobtrusively, the railroad industry means of transportation, fire depart­ is positive-result oriented in its deter­ has structured a solution, that has been ments, and public safety agencies. mination to establish this commodity a; .d will be financed by private industry They have created the commodity transportation safety system. In this all funds. We should take our cue from transportation safety system which con­ too brief statement of this most needed developments, such as I am about to re­ sists of correlated elements, that will be contribution to our Nation's basic needs, late, and find ways to have our Govern­ progressively developed in three phases: I should conclude by noting that this is ment support, complement, and extend. Phase No. 1: Element 1-The Chemi­ probably the :first time, that an entire The problem of transportation safety cal Transportation Safety Index. This is industry has concerned itself and de­ has been brought to the attention of the truly an information marvel. It is a plas­ voted its resources to a problem, with American public so repetitiously during tic, oversized sliderule device enlighten­ such far-reaching social benefits for the the past several years that our Nation ing the holder with immediate informa­ entire Nation. seems almost to have lost the ability to tion on intelligent handling and safe respond to the stimulus. In fact, the conduct in any emergency from fire, ex­ economy and the public it represents is plosion, water reaction, inherent dan­ EDUCATION BY VOUCHER in a most perplexing position. The po­ ger-directs :first aid, extinguishing of tent materials that we have come to rely :fires, toxic and corrosive pollution con­ on for our Nation's comfort, well-being, trol-for 202 potent chemicals. Having HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER and day-to-day survival, are indeed been in distribution for only a few weeks, OF WISCONSIN powerful. it already has become a standard for IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The consequences of our wants and railroad operating men and a most wel­ needs can be awesome, if not frighten­ comed tool for several urban and rural Thursday, February 5, 1970 ing. The advantages of having abundant fire departments that were fortunate to Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. frozen foods, is enabled by our ability to receive them. Speaker, I think my colleagues will find quick-freeze. Our individual command of For example, the Rock Island Rail­ of interest an article which appeared in electrical conveniences is predicated that road has taken the initiativa along its the February 2, 1970, issue of National electrical surges abound. The environ­ right-of-way and distributed to each :fire Observer. ment saving insecticides, the effective chief this Chemical Transportation In­ The cost of quality education is a con­ substitutes for DDT, are obtainable from dex. The response to this gift from the tinuing problem and one which, needless phosgene being readily available. On individual fire chiefs was a chorus of to say, we have not yet solved in the one hand, we must observe that the most grateful acknowledgments for a job well Congress. hazardous chemical solvent known to done: Clinton, Cedar Rapids, West Lib­ A plan is now being experimented with man, that has taken more lives and is erty, and West Branch, Iowa; Salina, to permit parents to buy education for an ever present danger, is the refreshing Herington, and Sherman County, Kans.; their children at any school they choose. water we drink. While on the other hand, Brinkley, Ark.; and Alva, Okla., to men­ The concept is not without problems, but we must never forget the basic reality tion just a few. Under a headline in the I think the article which I include as of our Nation's economic strength: that Ottumwa, Iowa, Courier, Janaury 18: part of my remarks sets out the pros and supply and demand points for our raw cons of this idea well : materials, byproducts manufacturing ca­ Firemen get chemical data . . . it stated that Fire Chief Hubert L. Smith called the PARENTS WOULD BUY ScHOOLING WITH A pacities, and ultimate consumers differ INDEX a valuable piece of information that VOUCHER-PRESIDENT CONSIDERS PLAN FOR for each commodity from one section of can help officials cope with emergency in­ COMPETING ScHOOLS; UNITED STATES PAYS the country to another. Since it is pat­ cidents such as fire or explosion, a truck FOR A STUDY ently impossible to remove these materi­ accident, train derailment, pipeline break (By John Morton) or an airplane crash. als from our transportation systems CAMBRIDGE, MAss.-The Nixon Administra­ without making a shamble of our econ­ What a contribution for our Nation's tion, having pledged "new and strong em­ omy, our standard of living, the alterna­ good. phasis on experimentation and evaluation" tive is to :find a new formula for relating But how did the railroad industry ac­ in education, is studying a plan that would man to his environment. complish the conception-the establish­ permit parents to buy education for their The essence of the transportation ment-of this commodity transportation children at any school they choose. safety problem contains four .interrelated The working na.me of this device ls "edu­ safety system, so effectively, so expedi­ cational voucher." A parent would be given threads: the separate modes' physical tiously, so quietly. It is obvious that the a voucher, representing his child's share of plant, equipment and right-of-way; pre­ industry has been working on this for the public-school budget. The voucher could ventive measures, rules and regulations; some time. Being the organizational ex- then be "spent" at the public or private ele- CXVI--169-Part 2 2674 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1970 mentary or secondary school of the parent's his business." Thom.as Paine proposed 20 voucher programs as well, mainly as a way to choice, or even, in some views, at profit-mak­ yea.rs later that government should give poor circumvent integration by founding private ing schools that might be established in fammes a certain amount of money for each schools supported by state tuition grants. response to the voucher market. child under 14 to spend on "reading, writing But these schemes generally have been op­ The educational-voucher plan is being de­ and common arithmetic." posed by courts on the grounds that a pri­ veloped here at the Center for the Study of Moreover, the GI Bill, started after World vate school principally supported by public Public Policy under a $196,000 grant made in War II, is in effect a voucher plan for higher funds, even if indirectly through tuition December by the Office of Economic Oppor­ education that permits veterans to spend grants, is a public school for purposes of the tunity (OEO). Little publicized until now, public money in all manner of public, pri­ Supreme Court's desegregation rulings. it is one of the experiments that President vate, segregated, church-related, or proflt­ In Mr. Friedman's view, parents should Nixon alluded to in his message last week making educational institutions. have absolute freedom to choose the kind of explaining his veto of the Health, Education, OPENING A SCHOOL WITH 10 CHILDREN school their children a,ttend; whether they and Welfare blll. should attend integrated schools, which he Other countries have government programs believes would be desired, should in his " ... In my education message, which I that a.re in effect voucher systexns, most no­ wm shortly be submitting to the Congress, opinion be left to persuasion. But a virtue tably Denmark. There, in fa.ct, if a parent is of the voucher system, he said last week, is I will propose a new and searching look at dissatisfied with the public schools, he can our American school system," the President that it can be devised to conform to what­ get government money either to send his ever standard the issuing agency desires. said~ "We are placing new and strong em­ child to a private school or to open a school phasis on experimentation and evaluation to "If a community at large felt strongly that of his own. you must have compulsory integration, then learn about more effective approaches to Danish parents who assure that at lea.st 10 education." it coUld be specified that the voucher be children will be taught can qualify for grants spent only on schools that are integrated," WHY OEO IS INTERESTED to organize a school, build a school building he says. The voucher proposal has drawn support if needed, and pay the teachers' salaries. The As for attending parochial schools, he says: from both conservatives and liberals, al­ parents thexnselves run the schools or hire "I don't think a voucher system in any way though not always for the same reasons. It managers. The government reserves the right violates the separation of church and state, is especially attract! ve to those concerned to inspect standards of sanitation and in­ provided that the voucher does not specify with improving the education of the poor, struction in Danish and arithmetic, but be­ that it must be spent at a particular reli­ which is why OEO, the poverty agency, has yond that the school's operation is pretty gious kind of school." He does not expect, funded the study. In a half dozen states, much up to the parents. however, that a voucher system would bring legislation already has been introduced pro­ Mr. Friedman, the University of Chicago any great resurgence in the financially trou­ posing various voucher plans, though none economist whose views have been especially bled parochial-school system, because other as ambitious as might grow out of the OEO attractive to the Nixon Administration, pro­ private schools would spring up to compete project. posed a voucher program for American pri­ with them. A voucher scheme would pose a bagful of mary and secondary schools as early as 1953. "Give the parents vouohers, establish an Constitutional and other legal problems in­ One of his arguments, stated in his book effective market for schools, and you will volving segregated schools, church-run Capitalism & Freedom, is that the public­ have an enormous proliferation in the de­ schools, and the profit motive. And it is sure school system may have been ideal for offer­ velopment of new schools of a variety of to draw the ire of professional education or­ ing equal educational opportunity to a young kinds," Mr. Friedman says. "I may be wrong, ganizations devoted to a system of public nation still assimilating diverse foreign cul­ but my prediction would be th.at with 5 schools. tures, but that in today's urban society the yea.rs, and certainly within 10 years, the Still, the Nixon Administration thinks the public system "far from equalizing oppor­ fraction of students going to parochial voucher plan holds enough promise to find tuni,t1es, very likely does the opposite. It schools would be much smaller than it now out how it might work. The center here, makes it all the harder for the exceptional is." under the direction of education critic Chris­ few-and it is they who are the hope of the Mr. Jencks believes a voucher program topher Jencks, hopes to complete its feasi­ future--to rise above the poverty of their c,an be designed to avoid church-state prob­ billty study by spring so that OEO can start initial state." lems, noting that several states now provide selecting cities for experimental projects by Wealthy parents, he comments, can send some form of aid to parochial schools on early summer. their children to private schools if they are secular matters, such as nonreligious text­ The voucher plan has had several pro­ unhappy with public schools. Middle-class books. "One way of dealing with it," he says, ponents, most notably the conservative econ­ parents can express dissatisfaction, even if "would be to set up a system in which you omist Milton Friedman, who envisions it as they cannot afford private schools, because would support the nonreligious activities of a way to improve schools through competi­ they can afford to move to a different public­ church schools with vouchers.'' tion. He and others also emphasize the op­ school district. "For the rest," Mr. Fried­ He is more concerned with questions of portunities that vouchers would give poor man writes. "they can express their views segregation-not just by race, but also by parents in big cities who believe their schools only through cumbrous political channels." economic class and ability. The courts almost are inadequate and unresponsive. Inner-city ALSO ADVANCING THE IDEA surely will not permit vouchers to be used schools would have to improve or lose their Others who have advanced the voucher in segregated schools, he believes. But that customers, much as they already have been idea include the late George K. Gardner, a leaves the problem that good schools will losing children of more affluent parents who Harvard Law school professor who proposed tend to attract the best students and per­ either send their children to private schools in 1955 that states give parents education haps may not have room for, or not be in­ or move to the suburbs. money to spend on the school of their choice; clined to take, problem students. To handle THREAT TO THE ESTABLISHMENT Theodore Sizer, dean of Harvard's Graduate distribution of students solely by a "free­ School of Education, and Mr. Jencks, co­ market" approach, as advooated by Mr. "Obviously a program like this poses a Friedman, would be undesu-able, Mr. Jencks tremendous threat to the educational estab­ author of The Academic Revolution, who is heading up OEO's study. believes. lishment," says an OEO official in Washing­ "It seems to me that the state will have ton, D.C. Those working on the voucher plan Some state legislators, intrigued by the voucher idea, have drafted legislation, but to a.ssume ultimate responsibility for the in Cambridge are assuming opposition from question of distribution of students," Mr. the National Education Association (NEA) so far none has become law. The California Legislature last year looked at a bill, which Jencks says. "It could allow some greater or as a matter of course. This will be one of lesser degree of free choice by parents within the problems that must be dealt with when died in committee, tha,t proposed to estab­ lish a means of measuring the quality of some framework established by the state or cities are selected for a pilot program. the community or whatever. It ro.n't be set­ Indeed, an NEA spokesman said last week public schools. Then, if a particular school fell below a certain standard, a parent would tled just by individual choice, beoause some that widespread use of the voucher pro­ individual choices will preclude the individ­ gram would be a threat to the public-school become eligible for a $1 ,000 voucher to spend on education at some other school. ual choices made by others." system, in the NEA's view. "This business of The problem of distribution may indeed making it competitive will Just widen the Legislatures in Missouri, Wisconsin, and New Mexico, among other states, also have be the moot difficult of all to solve, since it gap between the poorer and richer school involves not only the question of segregation districts," he sa.id, since students would tend proposals in the works that would establish a form of voucher payment to parents who of various sorts, but also promises to com­ to flow to the better schools in rich dis­ plicate the lives of public-school administra­ tricts to the detriment of poor districts. send their children to private schools. Typi­ oors, principals, and teachers. "Public schools are having their problems cal of these 1s Wisconsin's, which would dou­ now, of course, but at least there is some form ble the amounts grant ed if famlly income SOME SCHOOLS GRAVEYARDS of equal opportunity." fell below $3,000, and triple it for incomes OEO's director of research, Thomas K. A kind of voucher proposal that involves below $2,000. Glennan, Jr., says he worries about "what competition can be traced back to Adam But the amount of money is piddling by happens to the worst 20 per cent; there Smith, who wrote in 1776 that the master ,pr.ivate-scbool standards--$50 a year per would be a danger that some schools would of a public school should only partly be pupil for primary grades and $100 for high be gra.veya.rds for the kids nobody wants." supported directly by the government be­ school in Missouri and Wisconsin, and twice One proposed solution to this is to force cause, "If he was wholly or even principally that in New Mexico. every school to operate on a first-come, flrst­ paid by it, he would soon learn to neglect Southern states have been attracted to served basis, so that everybody would have February 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2675 a chance to get into the best schools. But Miss Sapieyevski played a cross section of of the people-all the people. If there are Mr. Glennan remarks: "The problem with these pieces, beginning with the minuet that those who have doubts and misgivings about that is, that the kids who a.re the worst every pianist used to play, and which I re­ the status of our party, they should be here a.oademically, and need the good school the member as the last event in every Paderew­ this evening to see that the Democratic Party most, are usually the ones whose parents oare ski recital, when the children would come is alive and well, and tremendously enthu­ the least, and who probably would be the last trooping down the aisle calling for it. He siastic about the important elections coming to wpply." wrote better pieces, but none so well known. up this year. Mr. Glenn.an also wonders how well some It has become the fashion (based on im­ These are crucial times, not just for the parents can make crucial education deci­ perfect recording and a few Jealous con­ party, or the staite, but the entire nation. A sions for their children. "How much informa­ temporary statements) to consider that new adm.1nistratlon took office in Washington tion do these people have and how intel­ Paderewski did not have a commancllng more th.an a year ago, promising to find solu­ ligently can they exercise their choice? I technique, and so on. Be that as it may, he tions to crime, ln:fla.tlon, high interest rates, think thlis is a very fundamental issue here." appeared like a meteor on the musical hori­ and the many problems which confront our But Mr. Jencks is less concerned. ''We zon and quickly won a position of pre­ nation. The Amer:ioa.n people were led to be­ have always assumed tha.t middleclass par­ eminence, against such formidable rivals as lieve that a change in admlnist.rations would ents should have the privilege of ma.king Anton Rubinstein, Teresa Carreno, Busoni, lead to solutions and would provide answers these decisions," he says. "They oa.n send Rachmaninoff, and the whole list of Liszt's to these many cllfficult problems. The Ameri­ their children to any damfool school they Irater pup1Js. He was more famous and made can people have waited a year, and while they want, so we ought to accord the same privi­ more money (much of which he gave away have not expeoted instant answers, they have lege of choice to parents of all income to suppor,t worthy causes) ,than any of his looked for signs tha.t trends are being re­ brackets. rivals throughout a concert career th&t versed, and that improvement in conditions "True, parents probably will make a lot of stretched from about 1888 to 1939. is taking pl,ace. Unfortunately, the people are foolish deciSlions, but so does everybody else. I have never seen a man who 1had more still looking. Statistics tell us what the ad­ There's no evidence that teachers are partic­ presence. ministration does not tell us-that it has not ularly well equipped to make these decisions Miss Sapieyevslm played his music with been able to live up to its promises, and that either. The parents at least have a strong care, :respect 18.Il.d in style. I liked best •the matters are continuing to worsen. During the stake in making the right decision, whereas Mazurka and the delightful little piece dn past year-when the economy was supposed a. school system may not have any particu­ the style of Scarlatti. The audience re­ to cool off and slow down inflation, the cost lar interest in making sure that any specific sponded with greatest enthusiasm to the of .living for the average American citizen child ends up in the school that is most ap- brilliant theme with variations. rose faster than it ha.d in many years. The propriate." --JOHN MORTON. As an encore Miss Sapleyvski played the America.n housewife found that food cost second movement of a sonatina by her hus­ eight per cent more than it did a year ago. band, Yerszy Sapieyevski, now a graduate If this is any indication of the effectiveness PADEREWSKI WELL DONE BY MISS fellow at the Catholic University. It was of the new administrwtlon in controlling in­ SAPIEYEVSKI bright and contemporary. flation, then I question whether any of us oan afl'ord to live here three yea.rs from now. In the matter of crime, the American peo­ HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI ple expressed their deep concern over the OF ILLINOIS GOVERNOR McNAm OF SOUTH administration of law and Justice, and the CAROLINA DELIVERS OUTSTAND­ overall problems of public safety. The new IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ING ADDRESS AT NASHVILLE administra,tion ag.a.in. ma.de promises, but Thursday, February 5, 1970 DEMOCRATIC DINNER there is little evidence of any results. A year after the new adminis·tratlon took office, the Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, Miss crime rate in our nation's capital had risen Wendell Margrave, a contributing critic HON. JOE L. EVINS by 27 per cent. Robberies in the District of for the Washington Star has written OF TENNESSEE Columbia are up 44 per cent, murdel"S by 49 an excellent review on Miss Nina Sapi­ per cent, and rapes by 29 per cent. eyevski who performed here the other IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The people of our nation deserve---and de­ day. Thursday, February 5, 1970 mand-better performance than this. The promises of 1968 are beginning to sound hol­ I am placing the review in the RECORD Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, low, and the people's confidence in the ef­ today because Miss Margrave captured at a recent Democratic Party rally in fectiveness of their government ls being in a most inspiring way the real spirit Nashville, Gov. Robert E. McNair, of damaged. There are only two issues-but they of Ignace Jan Paderewski and inter­ South Carolina, delivered an outstand­ are issues of primary importance to the wel­ preted by Miss Sapieyevski. ing address worthy of consideration by fare of this nation, and they are issues which Paderewski was not only a great artist others. must receive more effective treatment. There are others, many others. The people of our but also a great statesman and cham­ I place Governor McNair's address in pion of human dignity. It is reassuring area can remember other promises, and the the RECORD herewith because of its in­ promises which were made in the name of the that we have artists of Miss Sapieyevski's terest to my colleagues and the Ameri­ new administration. Now, as more and more outstanding talent to interpret the can people. of these fall empty and unfulfilled, we hear works of the great master. The speech follows: the protests of betrayal from those who The review follows: placed their faith in the Republican admin­ REMARKS BY Gov. ROBERT E. MCNAIR PADEREWSKI WELL DoNE BY Miss SAPIEYEVSKI istration. There is nothing more regrettable It is significant that South Carolina and than the false hope generated during the (By Wendell Margrave) Tennessee are sharing in the observance of heat of political campaigns, and the unpaid Nina Sapieyevski, piano, Barker Hall, All­ this important Democratic Party function debts which accumulate when the promises Paderewski program: tonight. After all, that great South Caro­ are later discarded. It is the obligation of Minuet, Op. 4; Nocturne, Op. 16 No. 4; linian, Andrew Jackson, made Tennessee his each citizen to Judge fairly and properly the Mazurka, Op. 9 No. 2; Melodie, Op. 8 No. 3; adopted home and even became President performance of this new administration, and Caprice (genre Scarlatti) Op. 14 No. 3; Le­ with the help of our two states. If it were not to make a determination as to whether it has gende, Op. 16 No. 1; Theme varie, Op. 16 No. for him, we probably would not even have lived up to the expressed principles of its 3; Chant d'a.mour, Op. 10 No. 2; Sarabande, a Democratic Party today, at least not in its 1968 campaign. It would seem apparent that Op. 14 No. 2; Cracovienne Fantastlque Op. 14 present form. such an evaluation would lead undeniably No.6. There is another important reason I am to the conclusion that the Republican ad­ Nina Sapieyevski, a pianist trained at the happy that we could share this important ministration is creating not only a record University of Sopot in Poland and later at event. There are no two states in the nation of ineffectiveness, it is also bullcllng a mon­ the Juilliard School of Music, was heard where the Democratic Party is any stronger­ strous Ored1b111ty Gap which threatens the in recital yesterday at Barker Hall in a pro­ or where its record of public service is any right of every American citizen to know what gram of music by the great Polish pianist, finer-than in South Carolina and Tennes­ his government ls doing. composer and statesman, Ignace Jan see. On this evening when we look back upon It is apparent that the honeymoon ls Paderewskl. the accomplishments and contributions of drawing to a close, and that the American I believe it was Saint-Saens who said that Andrew Jackson and Thomas Jefferson, it is people are beginning to look for the type Paderewski was a genius who happened to only appropriate that we reflect upon the of alternative which can provide truly en­ play the piano. He also happened to com­ manner in which our two states have lived lightened and effective leadership. This al­ pose a good deal of music, inclucllng a sym­ up to their tradition. Jefferson and Ja<:kson ternative can-and mus~ome from only phony, a piano concert and an opera, Manru, made the Democratic Party the party of the one place, the Democratic Party. Unless we which was given at the Metropolitan Opera people, and as I look out across this gather­ respond to the challenge, we will not only in 1902, besides songs and a number of piano ing here tonight, it is apparent that in Ten­ be misreading and misjudging the climate pieces. nessee, the Democratic Party is stlll the party o! the times, but we will also fail 1n our ob- 2676 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1970 ligation as a political party responsive to the It goes much further. The chairman of America today are looking for the politics people. our party's so-called Reform Commission of moderation. It is not an easy task. Within our own has said that we must be reformed along "We are a party of liberals, we are a party ranks, the problems of the Democratic Party his commission's lines, or it will die. There of conservatives, we are a party of modera­ go far beyond the fact that we lost in the are those of a similar persuasion who are tion encompassing that great collection of White House in 1968. If there are those who convinced that the present party must die, ethnic, racial, religious, economic, cultural, think the Democratic Party's sole respon­ and then be rebuilt into a narrow, restrictive occupational and social minorities which sibility is to reg.ain the Presidency, then they organization appealing only to certain seg­ have given our nation its perpetual regen­ are pursuing a narrow and restrictive course ments of the population. It appears that eration of strength. Let us now turn which can only further compound our prob­ some people were listening more to those from this coalition of ideals into a single­ lems. The defeat in 1968 was only a part of outside the convention hall in Chicago than minded party bent on purging certain ele­ our difficulties, and what has taken place to those inside the hall, and that they would ments from its mids1)." since 1968 has not been encouraging. Where now seek to impose that type of disruption I reiterate most strongly that position this we found ourselves badly divided following and ideology on the entire party. If those evening with one most important addition. the Chicago convention, we have been only of us gathered here tonight--and the many If you feel as I do that our nation needs further fragmented by a serious failure on millions of responsible Democrats through­ an alternative to the present administration; the part of our party leadership. Where we out the nation-are unwilling to resist these if you feel as I do that the Democratic Party have needed a positive and responsible ap­ efforts, then we only condemn the Demo­ must return to its position of strength all proach to reorganization, there has been only cratic PaTty to a destiny of further deteri­ along the political spectrum, then I suggest a further exploitation of the very issues oration, fragmentation, and extremism. that you recommit yourselves to the princi­ which divided us in Chicago. The wounds of There is an alternative, however, to this ples of the two gentlemen we gather here to the 1968 convention have not healed be­ approach. It involves the Democrats of Ten­ honor. Now is the time when we must have cause our leadership has gone chasing after nessee, the Democrats of South Carolina, and the very elements which disrupted our con­ involvement and participation. We must Texas, and Connecticut, and Kansa.s, and strengthen our base by moving into the com­ vention. It is sadly ironic that on an evening Illinois, and every state in this union. It is when we gather to honor the memory of munities and bringing into the party the not what the political experts would call a youth, the women, the minorities, and all Thom.as Jefferson and Andrew Jackson, we coalition. Jefferson and Jackson did not say find that the party they founded and de­ other aspects of the society. We must now that the Democratic Party must be a coali­ open doors, not shut them, and we must op­ veloped is without the type of leadership to tion of special interest groups. They did not carry forward principles they handed down pose vigorously those in our own party who say that the Democratic Party should be lib­ would wish to carry us down the road of to us. eral or conservative. They said one thing­ extremism. It is your job-and mine-to go The seriousness of the situation, however, that the Democratic Party belongs to the requires that we do more than complain. people. Thomas Jefferson said, "I know of to the people, and to make them a full part­ Dissatisfaction, unless it is matched with no safer depository of the ultimate powers of ner in the party which has always been their determination to improve, is only so much society than the people themselves." It is single best hope for good government. An­ neg.ative grumbling. This is no time for inconsistent with this very clear mandate drew Jackson once said that "one man with negativism in the Democratic Party. If there that we now permit our party to be run out courage makes a majority," I feel this can was ever a time that our party required the of the Senate Cloakroom in Washington, or apply most particularly at this juncture positive involvement of concerned Demo­ that we have a situation where the national when we do need and must have the political crats such as yourselves, it is now. We are chairman puts his own interests above the courage to withstand the forces of disrup­ a party without adequate leadership. We see organizational needs of the party. tion and factionalism. I know of no better elements of political extremism daily threat­ Last fall, we had the opportunity of at­ time than this evening for each of us ening to carry our party far beyond the tending the meeting of the Democratic Na­ to pledge ourselves to the continuing goal limits of toleration of the American people. tional Committee in Washington, and ex­ of preserving and strengthening the party of If this situation is to be corrected, then new pressing our position at that time. What took Jefferson and Jackson, the party of the peo­ leadership and influence must emerge to re­ place there was frighteningly similar to what ple of America, and the party which provides store the traditional stability of the Demo­ took place in Chicago, on a slightly smaller our nation its brightest hope for the future. cratic Party. That influence-that le.ader­ scale. The same disruptive elements at­ ship--must come from this very room, from tempted to deny Congressman Albert Rains this meeting, from this state, and from all his seat on the National Committee from others like it where Democrats still know Alabama. I wonder now if the same loyalty A 1918 COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS what it is to win an election, and to serve standards will be applied uniformly to other BY MR. SOL BRACHMAN TO MARI­ the people with sincere dedication. Unless states. I wonder if the National Committee­ ETTA COLLEGE APPLICABLE TO people like yourselves are willing to become woman from New York will be questioned TODAY'S TIMES involved in party leadership, then we can­ on the basis of loyalty "because she sup­ not legitimately criticize those who step ported John Lindsay for mayor of New York.'' into the leadership vacuum. Loyalty is a matter which works both The alternatives, in this instance, appear ways-loyalty from the local and state parties HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE to be quite cleaT. Perhaps for many people, to the national, and loyalty from the na­ OF TEXAS the easy thing would be to sit on the side­ tional party to the state and local parties. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lines and watch. There is no better way to One-sided loyalty becomes nothing more Thursday, February 5, 1970 deliver the party right into the hands of than the imposition of doctrine, and this is extremists than this sort of apathy. There totally inconsistent with the principles of Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, is no question now that there are those who our party. There is a need for reorganization one of my constituents of Fort Worth, would welcome this abdication of respon­ in the party, but it doesn't stop With the Tex., has forwarded me a copy of a com­ sibility by many elements of our party. selection of convention delegates. It goes mencement address made by a mutual There are those who would like nothing right to the composition of the National better than the opportunity to reshape the Committee it:oelf, and the fact that state friend, Mr. Sol Brachman of Fort Worth, party in their own image, and to use it as parties must now demand a stronger hand in to the Marietta College in 1918. a personal political instrument. The time party matters. It is amazing how after 52 years, much has arrived when we must determine wheth­ At the September meeting, I had the op­ of what Mr. Brachman had to say is ap­ er we s'hall permit this to happen, or whether portunity of issuing a statement to the Na­ plicable to our present situation. Under we shall resist what we feel is not in the tional Committee expressing my position on leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ the party's present problems. In that state­ best interests of the total party. Responsible ORD, I wish to include Mr. Brachman's Democrats can choose but one course; other­ ment, I said: address: wise, by washing their hands of party in­ "There is grave apprehension about the volvement, they only give their tacit en­ direction our party is taking, and the altera­ COMMENCEMENT ADDRESS BY SoL BRACHMAN dorsement to the trends our party seems tion of basic philosophy which is under con­ TO MARIETTA COLLEGE, IN 1918 to be taking at this time. sideration. If the zeal of reform has now The United States adopted Universal Mlli­ Those who choose indifference and inac­ brought us to the brink of extremism, then tary Service for the duration of the war. This tivity give free rein to the zealous re­ I suggest that we reassess our values. is good-.as far as it goes. But the United formers who would replace open and free "Extremism breeds extremism. To yield States must adopt this as a. permanent policy. participation in the party with quota. sys­ our party now to either extreme would most It is impossible in a short time to take up tems. They would be encouraging the type certainly touch off" a chain of reaction the many arguments for permanent Uni­ of reform which would deny Governors and which could reshape the entire political versal Military Training. We know now the other party leaders a seat on convention del­ structure of our nation, and damage per­ waste and inefficiency of preparing under egations. At a time when our party needs ma.nently the traditional concept of our par­ stress! We know now the enormous cost of strengthening and rebuilding, they would ty's broad ideology. Unless I misread all the preparing under stress! We know now the be aiding those who would seek further to political signs in our nation today, I do not danger of unpreparedness! disrupt and discredit many leaders of our think our people are ready for a political I repeat, the Untied States must adopt state parties. party of extremism. I think the people of Universal Military Training as a permanent February 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2677 policy. Why? First, because war is not yet real opposition. Switzerland has not been distant future, the reality of freedom a thing of the past. Under present day com­ invaded or even seriously threatened. will again be theirs. mercial and manufaoturing systems all na­ Finally, let us observe the results of the lack It is for this reason, Mr. Speaker, that tions seek colonies or spheres of influence as of Universal Military Training in the United outlets for their trade. Call this dream of States. After the war in Europe started I would like to take this opportunity to empire, manifest destiny, a place in the sun, no steps were taken here for an adequate extend my best wishes to this small yet colonial system, or what you will! You can­ army. The rights of the United States and towering nation on its 52d anniversary. not change international relations in a day. her citizens were more and more infringed Moreover, this affords me the opportu­ Friction and complications are inevitable. upon by the belligerents. Still no action. nity to also reconfirm our dedication to While conditions in Europe might allow it, What was the result? The inevitable result bring freedom to the Ukraine and to all there can be no permanent disarmament and of national weakness. The United States was nations which still struggle under the world peace until the international status in involved in war without enough men to anguish of Communist control. Asia is settled. defend the Atlantic Coast. Had the United Second, with war still possible, the United States possessed the military strength which Each one of us has a stake in the fu­ States may be involved in the future. Ger­ a great and self-respecting power must have, ture of nations such as the Ukraine many will bear no love for the United States she would probably not have been dragged which are dedicated to restoring inde­ after the present conflict. Japan ls taking into the war. pendence to their people. For without a high-handed control of Asia and the Pacific, But at last systematic Universal Military firm and lasting commitment to freedom and the United States has a greater Pacific Service was adopted for the duration of the for all, we can never hope to estabUsh coast line than any other nation. Our Mon­ war. The United States is only now becoming lasting world peace. roe Doctrine will be challenged after this an important military factor. Order is com­ too war as never before. But it is unnecessary ing out of chaos. Men are being sent to May the time not be far in the to prove specific possibilities. This war has France in respectable numbers. Is there one future when we will be able to celebrate shown that a nation may be dragged into here who doubts that only the adoption of the freedom of all nations and the estab­ conflict even though not directly involved. universal service has brought the great lishment of lasting world peace, rather The United States was forced into this war strides made in building an adequate army? than merely praising those who struggle by violation of all international law and We see then that the experiences of other against tyranny. justice. The United States was forced into nat ions, the experiences of the United States this war to protect her interest s and rights herself, point t o but one course-permanent and those of her citizens. These same causes Universal Military Training. may arise in the future. It will demand then, Herbert Adams Gibbons, in his fore­ POPULATION AND GENOCIDE as it does now and as it always has demanded, word to "the New Map of Europe," quotes military strength t o obtain the rights, secu­ Mont esquieu as follows: "There are general rity, and international justice which belong causes, moral or physical, which act in each HON. GEORGE BUSH to all nations. No nation is ever a whit more state, elevate it, maintain it, cast it down." OF TEXAS safe than its own strength and its instant The general cause why the United States IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES readiness to use that strength make it . The has been eleviated and maintained as a great international problems which will follow this power is that she has been st rong. She has Thursday, February 5, 1970 war make it imperative that the United always taken necessary measures to protect Mr. BUSH. Mr. Speaker, the House States be strong. her interests and those of her citizens. Na­ Third, permanent Universal Military Train­ Republican Task Force on Earth Re­ tional strength means preparedness. Modern sources and Population of which I am ing is the only method of obtaining modern national preparedness is possible only under national strength and preparedness. To prove permanent Universal Military Training. If, chairman, has studied the facets of popu­ this it is but necessary to examine the re­ in the course of time, the United States lation growth for the past year. Through sults of the system or the results of the lack must follow the fate of nations, the fate of our research and hearings, we became of Universal Military Training in various Greece, the fate of Rome, let not the general aware of the seriousness of this problem, countries. cause be failure to learn from the events and the great need for family planning We will turn first to Europe. Germany about her! Let not the general cause be recommendations. This research even­ aimed at world domination with Universal refusal to be strong! Let not the general tually led our task force to produce a Military Training and its resulting power o:t cause be lack of preparedness. Only in pre­ instant mobilization, as her master weapon. paredness is there national strength and family planning report: Federal Govern­ That she did not succeed is due only to the n ational safety! ment Family Planning Programs­ same method, adopted for defense, in France. Domestic and International. When the blow fell in 1914 France was the One of the arguments leveled against first of the Allies to mobllize and give Ger­ family planning has been the fear of many opposition. The French General Staff UKRAINIANS OBSERVE 520 ANNI­ racial genocide. This assumption, how­ had seen the war coming. They had built up VERSARY OF INDEPENDENCE a comparatively large reserve army by Uni­ ever, is usually feared by those who have versal Military Training. They had the plans not carefully examined the crucial issues ready for defense. True, France failed to clear HON. LESTER L. WOLFF involved. Family planning is, in reality, her soil of invaders. But she failed because OF NEW YORK a contributor rather than a detriment to of lack of British aid! She failed because IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the welfare and development of every Russia failed her in the East! But France race and nation. spoiled Germany's plans. That the world has Thursday, February 5, 1970 had the opportunity to defend itself against Carl T. Rowan's column in the Wash­ German rule is due only to France's system Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, the courage ington Sunday Star, February 1, 1970, of permanent Universal Military Training, of the Ukrainian people, amply exhibited discusses the question of birth control with its accompanying plan and prepared­ throughout the nation's history, cannot and genocide. These cogent remarks ness for an emergency. be adequately described in a few sen­ probe the tenets of the genocide question, Now let us cross the Channel and observe tences. and expose the fallacious reasoning be­ the results of preparedness. In England, Lord Last month, you know, the Ukra.ine hind the philosophy of a proliferate birth Roberts had been laughed to scorn because as he preached Universal Military Training and celebrated its 52d anniversary of inde­ rate. Mr. Rowan points out, for example, preparedness. If England had been prepared pendence--an independence which un­ that a child is much more likely t;o be the war might have been over in a short fortunately is maintained more in hope born prematurely if the mother is very time. If England had been prepared, Ger­ than reality since the Ukraine still strains young; bears a lot of children in rapid many might not have risked the struggle. under the oppressive hand of the Soviet succession, or continues t;o bear children All her Diplomatic efforts were bent to keep Union. until a late age. He also points out that England neutral. But aside from possib111ties From the chaos of World War I, the premature infants have two to three we know that it took England two years, times as many physical defects and 50 and the adoption of Universal Service, to Ukraine, after centuries of foreign dom­ even attempt a drive to expel the Germans ination was able to bring independence percent more illness than full-term in­ from France. England's lack of permanent to its people. But freedom was short fants. For the benefit of my colleagues, I Universal Milltary Training has cost her and lived. Within 3 years, this courageous submit this informative article at this France hundreds of thousands of men and nation was under Communist control. point in the RECORD: billions of money. Nevertheless, the dream of freedom has [From the Washington Sunday Star, Feb. 1, Switzerland has suffered less than any . 1970] other neutral in Europe. Why? Because she never been extinguished in the souls of has an admirable system of Universal Mili­ these people. Despite hardship and an­ Mn.rrANTs MisLEAD BLACKS ON BmTH CONTROL tary Training. In August 1914, 300,000 men guish, that the people of the Ukraine (By Carl T. Rowan) were mobilized, sent to the border, and have have experienced, they still maintain the With increasing frequency, I am getting been kept there. That was enough to furnish conviction that some day, in the not too reports of opposition in black ghettos to the 2678 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1970 distribution of birth control devices and the A mentally retarded child makes a poor Because of the importance of this sub­ dissemination of information a.bout family soldier in the fight for racial equality. ject, Mr. Speaker, I would like to in­ planning. The Panthers and other militants may be There is talk of having to close some ghetto in a rage; their rhetoric may sometimes seem clude in the RECORD an article on the centers thrut take teen-a.ge girls who have unwise; but they are not dumb. I want to "Sesame Street" evaluation survey, en­ borne a. child out of wedlock, help them over believe that they can look at the facts and titled: "Tests Indicate TV Program Im­ the emotional trauma, tea.ch them about see birth control and family planning work­ proves Children's Skills," which ap­ contraceptives so they will not soon become ing to enhance black pride and dignity. If peared in the January 28 edition of the a. two-time loser, get them back in school, they do, these clinics will not be driven out New York Times. and generally try to ensure that the birth of of areas where they are so desperately needed. The article follows: one illegitimate chlld does not mea.n the wrecking of two lives. [From the New York Times, Jan. 28, 1970] These centers a.re getting rough treatment TESTS INDICATE TV PROGRAM IMPROVES from some militants who say birth control in "SESAME STREET" SWINGS CHILDREN'S SKILLS the ghetto is a form of genocide. (By William K. Stevens) Some social workers a.re blaming the Black "Sesame Street"-a brisk, rib-tickling tele­ Panthers. These workers say thrut, because the HON. EDWARD R. ROYBAL OF CALIFORNIA vision program that is designed to improve Panthers' harsh rhetoric shows them willing the language, numerical and reasoning skills to stand up to the white establishment and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of preschool children, particularly those from because of their programs of providing break­ Thursday, February 5, 1970 poor families-appears to be achieving many fast for children and discouraging the use of of it.s goals. narcotics, the Panthers have the ear Of many Mr. ROYBAL. Mr. Speaker, in a re­ According to preliminary tests in three 'thousands of people in the ghettos. cent newsletter report to my constitu­ states, poor children who viewed "Sesame so black women supposedly are listening ent.s, I commended the new educational Street" regularly in the program's first six when a. Panther says: "A black woman weeks of daily hour-long presentations made should have as many children as possible, TV series, "Seasame Street"-the de­ lightful children's program designed to g.ains two and one-half times as great as whether she can afford them or not, so we those made by poor children who did not can gain numerical strength and power." improve the language and numerical watch the program. This viewpoint ought not to be laid com­ skills of America's 12 million preschool Other surveys indicate that the program pletely on the Panthers' doorstep. It is a fall­ youngsters between the ages of 3 and 5, is reaching about five million children, in­ out of racial polarization in this country and help prepare them for formal class­ which has affected many blacks who would cluding substantial numbers of those from not think of joining the Panthers. In fact, room work in elem~ntary school-as an poor homes. it goes beyond pure racism; it is an expres­ outstanding example of an imaginative The results of the tests and surveys were sion of nationalism which one often hears combination of Federal and private disclosed yesterday in a report by the Chil­ in countries like Brazil where people argue funding used to initiate a promising ex­ dren's Television Workshop producer of that the U.S. is pushing birth control so perimental project to exploit the tre­ "Sesame Street" to its sponsors--the Car­ Brazil will never be as populous and power­ negie Corporation, the Ford Foundation, the mendous potential of our modern com­ United States Office of Education, the Mar­ ful as the United States. munications techniques for worthwhile There are some specially tragic aspects of kel Foundation a.nd the Corporation for this situation in the U.S. They ought to be educational purposes. Public Broadcasting. The report was made at weighed carefully by any self-styled militant Sponsored by the U.S. Office of Edu­ a meeting at the Essex House. before he rushes out to urge black women cation, the Corporation for Public Broad­ HOPE FOR ANOTHER YEAR to bear babies as fast as they can. casting, and Project Headstart, in co­ After the meeting, Mrs. Joan Ganz Cooney, Dr. Frederick c. Green, a black man who is operation with the Ford Foundation, the executive director of the workshop, said that director of pediatric ambulatory care in Carnegie Corporation, and the Markel she hoped the test results would persuade Roosevelt Hospital, New York, has run into Foundation, "Sesame Street" is a 26- the sponsors to support the experiment for this anti-birth-control campaign. week series of daily hour-long color pro­ another year and that she was optimistic "I tell them it's not quantity that's im­ grams carried on the Nation's nearly 200 about this. The initial 26-week, 130-program portant; it's quality," Green says. "What series began last Nov. 10 and will end on good is it to have 10 or 15 children under public TV stations-including KCET, May 29. It cost $8 million to produce. undesirable oondi tions in which they are not channel 28 in Los Angeles. Although the program has been widely ac­ able to develop their total potential." It has been described as perhaps the claimed for its high degree of professional­ A Negro woman social worker in Trenton, most ambitious single effort ever at­ ism, originality and general level of quality, N.J., is arguing that another black baby does tempted to employ television as an ed­ and although there was evidence that many not necessarily mean more black power. "H ucation tool for the benefit of smaller children had become enthusiastic devotees, doesn't mean another vote; it might mean children. no evaluation of "Sesame Street's" educa­ another person on welfare. The Establish­ tional impact had been available until ment likes this; it's another one of us they This unique project reaches and yesterday. can use as a statistic." teaches preschoolers in an attractive and In the preliminary evaluation conducted There are some crucial statistics that the entertaining fashion, sustaining their by Dr. Edward Palmer, the workshop re­ militants ought to study. interest by utilizing many popular ele­ search director, 3-, 4- and 5-year-olds in One set shows that a child is much more ments borrowed from commercial chil­ three day-care centers for poor children of likely to be born prematurely if the mother working mothers in Maine, New York and is very young or bears a lot of children in dren's television, such as puppets, ani­ mated cartoons, live-action films, other Tennessee were randomly divided into two rapid succession or continues to bear chil­ groups in each center. One group watched dren until a late age. Thus, poor black women children, and appearances by guest ce­ "Sesame street" regula.rly for irts first six have a starkly high percentage of prema­ lebrities. weeks. The other group never watched it. ture births. So, I was extremely encouraged by Before "Sesame Street" went on the air, Now listen to the results of several studies the preliminary results of a recently an­ each child in each group was asked 217 test showing what prematurity does to babies: nounced three-State evaluation survey questions to find out how well he could rec­ "Premature infants have two to three times on "Sesame Street," which indicates ognize letters, numbers and geometric forms, as many physical defects and 50 percent and how well he could sort out objects. more illnesses than full-term infants. that children who viewed the program's "Mental retardation is ten times more first 6 weeks of presentations greatly in­ After six weeks of "Sesame Street," the likely to occur in a premature baby than same test was given again. The regular view­ creased their rates of learning, exceed­ ers, as a group, could answer 10 per cent in a full-term infant. ing the normal gains experienced by more of the 217 questions than they could "A premature infant is 16 times more other children who did not watch the at the start. The nonviewers could answer likely to die during the first 28 days of life series by some 250 percent. than one whose birthweight is normal." 4 per cent more. In sections of Chicago's ghetto, 14 black Such impressive results are highly In the ability to name letters, the viewers babies out of every 100 are born prematurely; significant for parents, educators, pub­ made a. 9 per cent gain, against a 3 per cent in some New York City housing develop­ lic officials, and all citizens who a~e con­ gain for the nonv1ewers. In naming num­ ment areas, 15 of every 100; in one Newark, cerned about the urgent necessity for bers, there was a 12 per cent gain for the N.J., hospital, over 16 of every 100 black improving the quality of American edu­ viewers against a 4 per cent gain for the infants were premature. cation, particularly in our fast-growing nonviewers. What kind of black pride is it, wha.il form urban metropolitan population centers, Substantial gains, somethimes 25 per cent of militancy is it, that asks black women to or more, were made by regular viewers in accept physical abuse and sometimes deg­ where :financially hard-pressed school their ablllty to sort, differentiate and classify radation to produce large numbers of chil­ districts are confronting a serious edu­ objects and group them by twos and threes. dren when the odds a.re that many of them cational crisis, which they are are often But, in one important area--recognizing will be retarded and bear other afflictions? inadequately equipped to handle. the sounds of letters-there was no differ- February 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2679 ence between the performance of viewers and tion's total air pollution. In the smog belts have known all along. It was not until 1964 that of nonviewers, leading Dr. Palmer to of some cities, car pollution is as high as 92 that any dared speak out in direct language suggest that "Sesame Street's" approach in per cent. Ea.ch year, automobiles dump into and pointed a finger at the car-makers. Said that area may have to be modified. the air, and potentially the lungs, more than Smith Griswold, then air pollution control "Sesame Street" is broadcast each week­ 90 million tons of pollutants. In Los Angeles chief for Los Angeles County and the man day by nearly 200 television stations from County alone, 9660 tons of carbon monoxide behind the tough California laws against Maine to American Samoa. In about 100 a.re exhausted daily from motor vehicles, de­ pollution from cars: communities it is seen both in the morning spite emission controls required by law since "Everything that the industry has disclosed and the late afternoon. Five stations carry it 1966. The figures are too staggering to un­ it is able to do today (in 1964) to control a total of six times a day in the New York derstand, but roughly translated they mean auto exhaust, was possible technically 10 area---WLIW (Channel 21), WNDT (Chan­ that if the pollutants were not diffused by years ago. No new principles had to be nel 13) , WYNE ( Channel 25) , in WNYC the air, a person walking in the street in the developed, no technological advance was ( Channel 31) and WPIX ( Channel 11) . Los Angeles area would be wading through needed, no scientific breakthrough was re­ The program is considered the first major toxic substance two or three feet deep. quired. Crankcase emissions have been con­ national effort to harness the most effective A question in many people's mind is why is trolled by a method in use for at least halt of contemporary television techniques to the Detroit suddenly concerned about serious a century. Hydrocarbons and carbon monox­ task of preschool education. In particular, it pollution control. The answer, not to play ide are being controlled by relatively simple adapts to the teaching of letters and numbers games, is that it realizes unequivocally that adjustments of those most basic engine the fast-paced, high-impact, repetitive com­ the public is aroused, the government is components-the carburetor and ignition mercial techniques that have been success­ moving in-however slowly-and that ca.r­ systems. ful in selling toys. makers are being sued in many states for "Why has this action required ten years? continuing to make ca.rs that pollute the One is forced to ascribe it to arrogance and public's air. apathy on the part of this, the nation's larg­ The latest suit was brought recently by est industry. Control of air pollution does THE AUTOMOBILE AND POLLUTION the State of Illinois. It charged that since not make cars easier to sell, it does not make 1953 the car companies have conspired "to them cheaper to produce, and it does not eliminate all competition" in research, de­ reduce comebacks on the warranty. To peo­ HON. WILLIAM F. RYAN velopment and installation of anti-pollution ple interested in profits, expenses for the equipment on vehicles. "We cannot," said development and production of exhaust con­ OF NEW YORK the Attorney General of Illinois, "afford trols are liabilities. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES patience and the wanton convenience of pol­ "For nearly a decade, the auto industry has been telling us they have been spending Thursday, February 5, 1970 luters any longer." Those who have followed the car-makers a million dollars a year on air pollution con­ Mr. RYAN. Mr. Speaker, in his state closely on the issue of pollution control trol. Their announced expenditure has to­ of the Union address, President Nixon know that the industry has an attitude al­ talled about $9 million during that period. recognized the peril to our environment most as poor as its record. At the 1958 Na­ This provides an interesting contrast with a tional Conference on Air Pollution, in Wash­ recent survey which revealed the earnings of caused by pollution. the 44 highest paid executives in the country. In our constant surge toward economic ington, Harry W1llia.ms of the Automobile Manufacturers Association, represented the Of these, one half, 22, are employed by the growth and increased technology, we industry in a speech in which he said: "In auto indust ry. Their combined 1963 earn­ have sacrified those elem ents of our so­ eliminating smoke from vehicle exhaust, ings were about $91/:z million dollars. In ciety which were free--our air, our water, much progress has been made. True, there short, during the past decade the industry's and our land. is still room for improvement, but mostly total investment in controlling the nation's Air pollution is a costly hazard, both this must come from the (car) owners, who number one air pollution problem, a blight in dollars and in lives, and one of the are alone responsible for the maintenance that is costing the rest of us more than $11 primary polluters of the air is the auto­ of their vehicles." In plainer words, the car­ billion a year, has constituted less than one makers admitted they were selling the con­ year's salary for 22 of their executives. mobile. Although automobile manufac­ sumer a smoke-wagon, but after the sale is "The industry ls spending over $1 billion to turers have recently acknowledged that made it is the consumer's problem. change over its models this year. Their an­ their products cause pollution, the fact In the same speech, Williams repeated a nual expenditures for air pollution control is that they have done little, if anything, favoriite theme of automobile makers: the development is one-tenth of one per cent of to solve the problem despite the fact that great benefits motor vehicles have brought $1 billion. For that, the industry has bought automobile pollution has been a serious to America. Not only that, but once you get 10 years of delay and unhampered freedom problem for many years. to thinking about it, the notion is absurd to pour millions of tons of toxic contami­ that today's cites have an air pollution prob­ nants into the atmosphere." I am inserting in the RECORD, an article lem. Think back, said W1lliams, to the days One of the surprising parts of Edward by Colman McCarthy, which appeared in "before people were liberated from the con­ Cole's speech was the implied criticism of the January 26 Washington Post entitled gested cities by the motor vehicle . . . There the oil industry. "Research indicates that "The Way Detroit 'Wages War' on Pol­ were reeking livery stables in every neigh­ without lead in gasoline, long-time exhaust lution." borhood. Cow barns were the customary aux­ catalytic converters would become techni­ I urge my colleagues to read Mr. Mc­ iliaries to dairies. There were malodorous cally feasible. Exhaust manifold reactors also privies in every backyard .. . It is difficult would have increased life. The same is true Carthy's article, which shows that for us to imagine that vanished world, and of exhaust gas recirculation systems to con­ promises are not enough. If the air is to the air pollution that was its accepted odor. trol oxides of nitrogen." Then, getting less be cleansed, then rigorous emission Yet, if we would retain the calm and dis­ scientific, Cole said that the presence of standards must be set and strictly en­ passionate attitude that the scientific meth­ tetraethyl lead in gasoline causes most of forced. od demands, we should try to remind our­ the pollution emission. "It is important to The article follows: selves that the evils afflicting us [today] emphasize that--if stringent control of par­ are perhaps mere pinpricks in contrast to ticulates becomes a federal goal as we ex­ THE WAY DETROIT "WAGES WAR" ON those borne by our ancestors." pect--we know of no way presently that such POLLUTION One man who has been able to live calmly control can be accomplished with lead in (By Colman McCarthy} with the "mere pinprick" of automobiles gasoline." Edward N. Cole is the president of General massively fouling the air is Henry Ford. In To the petroleum industry, which for dec­ Motors. His company is the world's largest a Look magazine interview, May 28, 1968, ades--with Detroit's encouragement--has maker of motor vehicles. Two weeks ago, Cole Ford said that he prefered a program of "re­ added lead in gasoline to•increase the octane ma.de a speech in which he said GM was search and development" with several major levels and "no-knock" power, Cole's anti-lead "committed to eliminating the automobile oil companies in the fight against pollution. remarks were like a match in the gas tank. as a. factor in the nation's air pollution As for experimenting with non-polluting "What has he got to lose if we go out of busi­ problem at the earliest possible time." vehicles like the electric car, Ford said blunt­ ness," exploded R. V. Kerley, of the Ethyl As in the case of a confessed wife-beater, ly: "We have tremendous investments in Corporation, expressing his personal view­ it is hard to know how to take Cole's state­ facilities for engines, transmissions and point the day after Cole's speech. "Who kills ment: with tender thanks that Detroit plans axles, and I can't see throwing these away the most people in the United States yearly? finally to stop polluting the public air? Or just because the electric car doesn't emit The auto-makers, not the leaded gasoline. with rage ,that it has deliberately lbeen a fumes." Let's get in proper perspective who is doing polluter for so long and with so little con­ Elsewhere in the interview, Ford was asked the damage." cern about the damage done? what- was his company's number one prob­ Whether American industry's most bliss­ Regardless of one's feeling about Cole's lem. "That's easy," he answered. "Making fully happy marriage-between the car and statement, and the similar ones ma.de earlier more money." oil producers-is about to break up is not by Ford and Chrysler, Detroit's record is on Although the genera.I publlc has learned likely. Before Detroit's sudden concern about the books, if not in the lungs. Automobiles only recently of the horror of automobile pollution, disputes between the two giants account for at least 60 per cent of the na- exhaust fumes, pollution control authorities were calmly and quietly worked out by the 2680 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1970 Coordinating Research Council, a.n offspring ices and research field and specifically first State of the Union to issue such a of the Society of Automotive Engineers and gives the Secretary of Health, Education, report, representing the combined effort the American Petroleum Institute. But now and Welfare the authority to make grants of 100 specialists in marine affairs. the dispute has become a fight, not around executive tables but in the public forum. to these groups. Second, it ties down spe­ Knowing of my colleagues' interest in One reason Detroit has been able to sell cific authorization levels for these pur­ the Nation's progress in the utilization of tens of millions of polluting ca.rs is that the poses for the fiscal years ending June 30, marine resources, I would like to have public has never seriously demanded other­ 1971, through June 30, 1975. Prorated Governor Burns' message, "Using Our wise. It wanted horsepower, chrome, speed, over the 5-year period, this bill calls for Pacific Treasure," printed in the RECORD, comfort, bigness and gimmicks. Here and $485 million for family planning services as follows: there, demands were ma.de for battery- or and $380 million for contraceptive USING OUR PACIFIC TREASURE steam-driven cars; but even if a manufac­ research. (A unified legislative program for imme­ turer knew a way of massproducing these The pill has been under heavy criti­ kinds of cars, he could not compete with the diate action to make Hawaii a leader in the Big Four. The latter knew the public didn"t cism from some quarters recently; but study and use of marine resources) really ca.re about anti-polluting ca.rs. But a we must not jump out of the frying pan (By John A. Burns, Governor, State of large part of it does now, and suddenly Henry into the fire over the uncertainties we Hawaii) Ford is no longer saying money is his num­ have about it. We must provide women The Pacific Ocean is a vast treasure which ber one problem; it's pollution. with a simple alternative to unwanted surrounds Hawaii and gives to each Island Mr. Cole said in his speech that HEW would pregnancy. It is convenient for millions of our State a. band of white surf and golden soon issue new pollution goals for 1975 and of American women, but it is not the sand, symbolic of an ideal marriage of en­ 1980, the latter date being the deadline for ultimate. We need more research in this vironmental purity and economic prosperity. a fume-free car. "This will be no easy as­ field and we need it now. It has been obvious for decades that Hawaii signment," he said. But neither Cole nor the must use this treasure for her own good government said what the breathing public The quality of our lives depends upon and for the good of mankind, and forbid its should do with its lungs until 1980. Presum­ our ability to control our fertility. The misuse. The earlier decades were decades ably, comfort should be taken from Cole's case has been made; the facts are unde­ of dreams and desires. Now, the Seventies is declaration of Detroit's passion and sincer­ niably clear-we need not continue con­ the Decade for Action. ity: "We must not neglect any area. of poten­ templating the complexities of the prob­ The time is at hand for specific, detailed, tial improvement as we escalate the war on lem. We need action and results. This practical programs by the State Legisla­ air pollution." legislation gives the administration the ture and State Administration to study and The la.st time the country heard talk of a. necessary money to accomplish Presi­ use the rich resources of our marine environ­ war against a. social evil was the Great So­ dent Nixon's goal of providing family ment. This is the time when a growing de­ ciety's war against poverty. But the trouble spoilation of our waters must cease, and there, many now say, in the war against planning services to all Americans who when they must be restored to the crystalline poverty, poverty won. wish them, but cannot afford them. cleanliness which our Hawaiian forefathers knew. Accordingly, I have prepared and am recommending this unified program for legis­ NEED ADEQUATE FAMILY PLANNING HAWAII: A LEADING MARITIME lative action in this first year of the Decade STATE of the Seventies. It carries out , in logical SERVICE sequence, the earlier more basic programs of our State Administration. We foresaw this HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA day and prepared well for it. Our past Gov­ HON. GEORGE BUSH ernors• conferences on science and tech­ OF TEXAS OF HAWAII nology, on hydrospace and astronautics, on IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES oceanography, on fisheries, and on a number Thursday, February 5, 1970 of other speC'ialized topics, all carefully, Thursday, February 5, 1970 slowly and d1ligently set t he pattern and Mr. BUSH. Mr. Speaker, the need for Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, on the pace for well-ordered scientific develop­ family planning services for all Ameri­ Monday, January 26, 1970, Gov. John A. ment in Hawaii. And in the last year of the Burns presented to Hawaii's Fifth Legis­ Sixties--our Statehood Anniversary Year­ cans will be a paramount issue in the this Administration produced the pioneering seventies. The research of the Republican lature a unified legislative program which underscores the 50th State's leadership work among the States called Hawaii and Task Force on Earth Resources and the Sea, which is our broad plan for State Population of which I am chairman has in the study and use of marine resources. action in marine affairs. emphasized the necessity for adequate In his oceanographic message, Gover­ Nationally, there has been delay and un­ family planning services. The task force nor Burns said: certainty in the past year over the direction has studied the interrelated problems of The Pacific Ocean is a vs.st treasure whioh and extent of the Nation's commitment in population, pollution, and poverty and surrounds Ha.wail and gives to each Island marine affairs. Varying programs which cul­ we feel that a national population policy of our State a band of white surf and golden mina.ood in the publication of the Stratton sand, symbolic of an ideal marriage of en­ Oomm.lssion's excellent report, Our Nation is essential and should have top congres­ vironmental purity and economic prosperity. and the Sea, now appear to be waiting for sional priority. In dealing with environ­ It has been obvious for decades that Hawaii Federal direction, Federal leadership, deci­ mental problems, we must not just treat must use this treasure for her own good and sive Federal action. Hawaii, however, need the symptoms and neglect the cause. for the good of mankind, and forbid its mis­ not wait, but rather should press forward, Yesterday, February 4, along with nine use. The earlier decades were decades of always conscious of the dangers of cutbacks task force members, I introduced H.R. dreams and desires. Now, the Seventies is the in Federal programs, but nevertheless opti­ Decade for Action. mistic that our own programs need not stop 15691, Family Planning Amendments of while we wait for the Federal projects to 1970. This bill would amend the Public Calling for a legislative program which develop. Health Service Act to provide for special would enable Hawaii to lead the way in 'I'oday is the day we must set the leader­ project grants in family planning serv­ this decade for action in marine science, ship pattern in oceanography, this fast-de­ ices and contraceptive research. The task Governor Burns offered several bills veloping area of human concern, toward force report entitled "Federal Govern­ which would continue the orderly process whioh the eyes of all nations are only be­ ment Family Planning Programs-Do­ ginning to turn. Now is the time we must of sequential development of Hawaii's propose to our own Nation, and to other mestic and International," issued in De­ marine science resources. His legislative Pacific nations, that Hawaii is the logical­ cember and printed in the December 29, packet included proposals calling for the lndeed, the idea.11.-place for oceanographic 1969, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD recom­ establishment of a Hawaii Planning and headquartering, for major ocean research mended specific levels of funding for Logistics Center for the international projects, and for gatherings fostering inter­ these programs. This bill incorporates decade of ocean exploration, and the cre­ national ooopera.tlon in marine affairs. those recommendations into the legisla­ ation of the position of a marine affairs Now is the hour to get, not only down tion proposed by the administration to do coordinator to oversee the various pro­ to earth, but down to the sea in ships, in much the same thing-H.R. 15159. grams of the State. undersea craft, in submerged habitats. Now H.R. 15691 differs in only two respects is the time to jump into the water a.nd swim. Most of the innovative and practical Flor this session of the State Legislalture, from the administration proposal. It em­ proposals presented to the legislature are our Administration proposes a variety of phasizes the importance that private an outgrowth of recommendations from measures. They have been carefully planned agencies, institutions and organizations the recently published oceanographic re­ as a result of the outstanding effort put into have played in the family planning serv- port, "Hawaii and the Sea." Hawaii is the Hawait ana the Sea by many distinguished February 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2681 specialists. They contributed priceless talent of $100,000 to carry out a three-year State undertaking. Hawaii needs definitions and and thousands of man-hours of energetic program of research and sea trials which will tabulations of its marine resources in the effort to pinpointing the areas in which the prove the economic value of the fast-sinking form of a Hawaii Marine Resources Atlas Staite can, and should, act. purse-seine method of skipjack tuna har­ which will be of value both to professionals These legislative proposals continue the vesting. and laymen. My legislative proposal is that orderly process of sequential development of MARINE AFFAIRS COORDINATOR a sum of $75,000 be expended by the Univer­ Hawaii's marine science resources. They are sity of Hawaii in the preparation and publi­ varied in scope. They include modest pro­ The report, Hawaii and the Sea, recom­ cation of such an atlas. posals which will require only limited fund­ mended, as a key to Hawaii's success in ing and which oan be carried out by pr~ent marine science affairs, the establishment of OTHER LEGISLATION State Departments which already have the position of Marine Affairs Coordinator in Above are the highlights of this "legisla­ shown their competence and ca.pability for the Office of the Governor. The Marine Affairs tive package" of our State Administraition's producing outsta.nding results with limited Coordinator would be responsible directly proposals relating to marine affairs. But also resources. And there are also major proposals to the Governor. His work would be to cross an integral part of that package are a variety which will require bold action, pioneering over existing departmental lines to achieve of programs and projects found in the oper­ action, the type of initiative for which Ha.­ broad cooperation between existing agencies ating or capital improvement budgets of wall's Legislatures already have won national concerned with a variety of marine affairs. the various State Departments which relate distinction. Some of these bolder proposals To date, Hawaii's oceanographic development to marine affairs and which complement will ohallen~ the Vision a.nd wi!;;dom of our efforts have shown excellent results in terms these new action proposals. All contribute legislators, who must always balance the of intense activity in many Government De­ to the one goal of this Staite Administration: ever-pressing fisoal needs of todays' world partments and in the private sector. We have to ~ke Hawaii an international lea-0er in with the marvelous opportunities for future now grown to the point at which the uniting manne science activities. prosperity and environmental excellence. of these efforts through such a Marine Affairs . These programs and nrojeefvS may be men­ Coordinator is a logical and necessary step. tioned briefly: THE INTERNATIONAL DECADE OF OCEAN My legislative proposal is for an appropria­ Esta~lishment of Marine Science Research EXPLORATION tion of $30,000 to establish this position and Parks, in a manner similar to the establish­ Foremost among the national proposals carry out this coordination. ment of industrial parks, to foster marine for the development of oceanography and SEACAP: AN UNDER-SEA RESOURCES SURVEY OFF research. !!;; other marine sciences the International OAHU Coordination in the Department of Plan­ Decade of Ocean Exploration, born in a prior ning and Economic Development of the va­ national administration and a.ccepted by the Hawaii needs much more information about the nature and extent of the resources ~iety of additional recommendations result­ present Administration as eminently worthy ing from the report Hawaii and the sea so of the attention and best efforts of ma.ny in the sea surrounding the State. Sand, precious coral, fish and shellfish, the capacity that a Unified package may be prepared' for nations. Hawaii is an ideal location for ma­ the 1971 Legislature to carry on in logical jor activities related to this noble and prac­ of the ocean t o absorb wastes without con­ tamination-all these need scientific study. order the advances already made. tical program. Hawaii need not wait to be Establishment of a Pacific Center for Ma­ told what to do, or wait to be invited to My legislative proposal in this area is a request for $190,000 in State funds to be rine Sciences, wit h initial studies to be made participate in plans generated elsewhere. As by the University of Hawaii. a free and sovereign State, we must extend matched by an anticipated $410,000 in Fed­ to our national administration-which al­ eral Sea Grant funds and another $190,000 Obtaining Federal designation of precious ready has expressed its grea,t interest in our in Hawaiian industry contributions. These coral beds located in wat ers adjacent to the oceanographic efforts-the helping hand of funds would finance a pilot marine resources Hawaiian archipelago as "Creaitures of the bold initiatives to assist this great program survey from Koko Head to north of Kahana Continental Shelf," an official act which in setting sa.il. Bay, Oahu. University of Hawaii and other would ret ain U.S. ownership of such a valu­ able resource even when such beds occur Accordingly, one of my major proposals State and private industry scientists would form a team, and surface craft, a deep-diving beyond the presently recognized 12-mile fish­ to the Legislature is for a Pacific I.D.O.E. ing zone. Conference which would welcome representa­ submersible and a mobile manned undersea tives of all the nations and regions of the habitat would be used for this major survey. Designation of the State Civil Defense Pacific Basin, as well of other U.S. Pa­ We have had exhaustive studies of the land Agency's responsibility in t he area of poten­ as which have been of great economic and social tial disasters in the form of massive oil spil­ cific States, to Hawaii to consider the legal, lages in Hawaiian waters. economic and sociological aspects of the value; now is t he time to begin t he same for I.D.O.E. and its many proposed projects. the lands, creatures and other phenomena Funding for completion of underwater under the sea around us. There is no t ime to parks at Hanauma Bay, Oahu, aa:id Kealake­ This conference would en.a.ble the Pacific lose in preserving the richness of marine life Family of Nations to offer Pacific regional kua Bay, Hawaii, and to initiate work on un­ which will be surveyed. The SEACAP project derwater in Maui and Kauai Counties. plans and recommendations to I.D.O.E. which will promote effective conservation and help would be of immense benefit in integrating A shor·eline setback of 300 feet for State­ the world-wide effort!;; of this tnternational considerably in preserving the ecological owned lands. effort. This proposal calls for an expendi­ balance so essential to all forms of life In Development of Snug Harbor for oceano­ ture by the State of $25,000. Hawaii. graphic research vessels. Closely related to this conference is an­ THE 1967 INTERNATIONAL MARINE EXPOSITION Expansion of t he Hawaii fishery vessel con­ other legislative proposal: That t he State IN HAWAII struction loan program to $500,000. establish a Planning and Logistics Center As the United States in 1976 celebrates its Extension of the shark control program. for the International Decade of Ocean Ex­ Second Centennial-its 20oth birthday-Ha­ In det ermining the excellence and practi­ ploration. There will be a great need to coor­ waii will have developed a tremendous head cality of these many projects, programs and dinate the multitudinous activities related start in marine science affairs. It will be a proposals, I commend t o the attention of all to IDOE, and to provide the logistical sup­ most appropriate and jub-ilant year for a concerned the wonderful heritage which we port and data exchange necessary for effi­ major celebration in Hawaii, and not the have today from those ancient Polynesians cient projects development. Such a center least of our happy events must be an Inter­ who discovered these beautiful Islands. They would serve to emphasize Hawaii's determi­ national Marine Exposition in which Hawaii l~a.rned through study, research, and prac­ nation to become a major cent er of interna­ would be host---,as one of our Nation's lead­ tical programs, how harmoniously man and tional oceanographic activities. An appro­ ing ma.ritime States-to the best exhibits of the sea can live together for the benefit of priation of $50,000 is requested. many nations. It is now, not tomorrow, that both. It must be our task to influence our SKIPJACK TUNA RESOURCE EXPLOITATION plans for such important conferences must nation and our world in the same manner in be made. My legislative proposal, therefore, which the eternal sea has influenced us. We The Central Pacific Skipjack Tuna Re­ is for an appropriation of $30,000 to estab­ must reverence this Pacific treasure, and in source is a potential $100 million industry. lish this year an International Marine Ex­ turn accept with gratitude-and earnest ef­ Hawaii's two U.S. Senators have jointly position Commission with necessary staff fort--the multitude of gifts it offers man­ sponsored a bill in the Senate calling for a support to plan for this 1976 event. The Com­ kind. $3 million appropriation to research and de­ mission would be charged with determining velop the practical purse-seine technology an exposition site and funding methods, and necessary to use this resource wisely. It is making all the extensive preliminary ar­ a resource which can be of tremendous ben­ PERSPECTIVE ON THE DEBATE rangements which will prove to the intended OVER DEFENSE SPENDING efit to our Sister-Islands of the Trust Ter­ participants that it will be an Exposition ritory, Guam and American Samoa.. Hawaii worthy of their participation and finest ex­ has been a leader 1n calling for development hibitions. of the food-from-the-sea. potential of this HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. tuna species. I have extended invitations to AN ATLAS OF THE MARINE RESOURCES OF THE OF CALIFORNIA officials of Guam, the Trust Territory, and STATE OF HAWAII IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES American Samoa to coordinate the develop­ All major movements have their bibles ment of this resource. I am pleased to re­ and bibliographies. The compilation of data, Thursday, February 5, 1970 port that American Samoa has already and making it ava.llable to the public in Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ pledged it Will contribute to this project. My practlca.l format, is Ollle of the most basic er, the current imbroglio over the HEW legislative proposal ls for an appropriation needs of &ny important social or economic funding b111 indicates that the battle 2682 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1970 lines over defense spending policies are in accordance with the Protestant ethic, de­ estimates ranged from $10 billion to $40 bil­ already being redrawn. fense was judged by a different standard and lion and up. I still find it incomprehensible to see allowed to grow fat and profuse. The stand­ In 1969, concern over the way government ard for defense has never been clearly articu­ funds were being spent was summed up by the President blaming an extremely mod­ lated by the guardians of :fiscal morality. No the phrase, "nation.al priorities." By this was est increase in education funds for fu­ doubt it was composed in part of fears en­ meant the allocation of the nation's re­ ture inflationary pressures, while at the gendered by the cold war and the Red menace, sources to a.reas of low priority, when areas same time, budget requests for a whole with a strong assist from the influential of high priority cried for attention. AB the grab-bag of marginal weapons systems beneficiaries of high-level defense spending, ABM dialogue moved forward, some partici­ get more than adequate hikes. the military establishment and the defense pants asked whether earmarking billions for Time after time I have emphasized industry. The Friedmanite monetarists were this program was a proper ordering of the that the cause of the inflation which be­ able to rationalize their insensitivity to the nation's priorities in view of the condition growth of the military juggernaut on the of the cities, poverty, pollution, etc. But the gan in mid-1965 and continues rampant theory that inflationary stresses from just emphasis, as in the prior year, was on the today is overspending for defense-or, about any amount of increased spending arms race consequences and especially the rather, for war. could be offset through proper adjustment of technical feasibility of the system. The main At any rate, I expect another turbu­ the money supply. thrust of the opposition was not that the lent spring here in Congress as the de­ Libera.ls and conservatives disagreed on potential contribution of ABM to national bate reopens on items such as Safe­ everything except the need for a large and security was so slight that it ought not to be guard, AMSA, and the alphabet soup of continually expanding defense budget. Con­ funded, or that there were more important gress, stirred by the rhetoric of White House. uses for the money it would absorb. Rather, :fighter jets and other attack systems. speech writers and its own, went along. The it was that there were so ma.ny unanswered And as this debate begins anew, I would result was a profligate fiscal policy with questions and doubts about the program that like to point out to my colleagues a stim­ regard to defense and a public works project it needed to be slowed down and re-exam­ ulating article in the current issue of for the military and industrial elite. Against ined. The solution proposed was not to the Nation magazine. this discouraging backdrop and in the midst cancel the prog11am; it was, in 1969 as in Richard F. Kaufman, of the Joint of a still bloody war, with the Pentagon 1968, to delay deployment a year for further demanding that its funds be increased, the research and development. Economic Committee staff, rates as a question was raised in Congress whether pivotal :figure in the continuing argu­ Thus right_ up to the fin.al day of debate, defense spending ought to be reduced. the Senate did not ask itself whether to put ment over defense priorities. We all owe The part played by the anti-ballistic mis­ a halt to the ABM program. The Cooper­ Mr. Kaufman tremendous gratitude for sile program ( ABM) in the overall debate Hart amendment, offered a seoond time, the sharp and critical analysis he has was important but misunderstood. The merely proposed that funds be authorized provided over the past 2 years, and I search for an ABM system had been the only for the purpose of research and develop­ think his article, "Who Won the De­ subject of controversy for more than ten ment, in effect suspending deployment for bate?" is must reading as a background years and had already cost several billions twelve months or until another military au­ of dollars when it was first seriously chal­ thorization bill was before Congress. Sig­ for upcoming events. lenged in the Senate in 1968 (Senator Clark I now place Mr. Kaufman's article in nificantly, the amendment left untouched had single-handedly battled against it the most of the funds requested for ABM. Only the RECORD at this point: year before). In that year Senators Hart and the use of the funds was being circum­ Mn.ITARY SPENDING-WHO WON THE DEBATE? Cooper sponsored an amendment to delete scribed. For this reason a number of Senators the funds for construction of ABM sites. The (By Richard F. Kaufman) purpose was to delay the program for a year, not normally ea.ger to question the decisions of the military planners could feel comfort­ What did the attempt in 1969 to cut de­ during which research and development fense spending accomplish and what effect able supporting Cooper-Hart. Their position would continue, so that in the words of was that they did not oppose ABM; they only will it have on the future? Post-mortems Cooper, "We might find out most certainly on last year's military debate have ranged wanted to see a little more research and whether the system has any value." development spent on it. from sad eulogies on the premature death of Much of the argument concerned what a movement to joyous celebrations for the effects the new weapon would have on the The shocker came when Sen. Margaret rebirth of an old-fashioned American tradi­ arms race and whether it would work after Chase Smith offered an amendment on the tion, demobilization. To make an informed it was deployed. Few Senators stressed as an final day of the debate to cut off all Safe­ judgment one needs perspective on the clash argument against ABM the need to reduce guard. ABM funds and thereby terminate it. between Pentagon and Congress. military spending. Sen. Charles Percy in­ Her logic was unassailable. If the program The sixties began with a defense budget of serted this statement from James Douglas, was as defective and as dangeroul3 as many $44 billion, moved to $49 billion by 1962, former Secretary of the Air Force and Under of its critics maintained, why have it a,t all? hovered around that amount of three years, Secretary of Defense: "The requirement to "Why waste funds on research and develop­ then dropped down to $47 billion in 1965. reduce the military budget without affecting ment of a system in which you have no con­ That year it was decided to make Vietnam the war effort suggests postponement of any fidence?" The ABM program, senator Smith into a major war, and by 1969 military spend­ deployment of the so-called Sentinel anti­ maintained, "is too vulnerable and too costly ing had shot up to almost $80 billion. The ball1stic missile system." Senator Clark jux­ and would be a waste of resources at a time long-term trend, dating back to the pre­ taposed the recently enacted 10 per cent sur­ when we must carefully determine our na­ Korean build-up, has been for the defense tax for the war with the decision to cut $6 tional priorities." Therefore, Safeguard ought budget to expand. Since 1965 this tendency billion from federal expenditures. The entire to be given no funds at all. has been uncontrollable. reduction, said Clark, could be made up en­ The Smith amendment garnered eleven Except for the protest votes of a few tirely "out of the swollen defense budget." vota!. Cooper-Hart lost very narrowly, 51 to mavericks like Joseph Clark and Ernest The amendment lost 34 to 52, but observers 49, and all other efforts to oppose m111tary Gruening in the Senate, and George Brown were surprised by the number who had spendinig last year are usually compared to and William Fitts Ryan in the House, Con­ voted to delay the program. i,t. According to this criterion, the Cooper­ gress had given little indication up to the When the ABM dispute arose again in 1969 Hart ABM vote was the high-water mark of start of last year that it would oppose the big the opponents had the advantage of growing the struggle to restrain the 1969 military military spenders. For years the neo­ public hostility to the weapon system. Site spending bill, and the votes that followed Keynesians had been assuring everyone that construction in cities across the nation drew represent a decline from the critics' peak all forms of government spending, whether protests from citizens who saw their prop­ strength. for civilian or military programs, conferred erty values and their lives endangered by But this conclusion fails to take into ac­ similar benefits on the economy; they went arrival of nuclear-tipped missiles in their count the nature of the Cooper-Hart vote. It so far as to hurl epithets at the Eisenhower own back yards. An impressive array of sci­ was not an accurate measure of Senate op­ administration for not devoting enough of entists and former high government officials, position to excessive military spending, be­ the nation's resources to national security. including many from the Defense Depart­ cause the amendment did not squarely face The idea, drawn from a deep well of New Deal, ment, reinforced the doubts about the tech­ t,ha.t issue. Since it was an oblique ra.ther Fair Deal, New Frontier and Great Society nical performance of the system and fears than a direct confrontation, the ABM vote convictions, was that it is better to turn as to its impact on the arms race. The Nixon had the unfortunate effect of exaggerating funds over to the military for weapons pro­ Administration changed the name of the the growth of the new attitude toward the curement, which would increase employment, ABM game from Sentinel to Safeguard, re­ defensive budget, a.n.d. it created the illusion technical and scientific ta.lent, technological versed its orientation from the Chinese that the switch of only a few votes would innovations, and plant capacity, than to al­ threat to the Soviet threat, and modified its turn the tide altogether. The real measure, low them to be spent by individual taxpayers mission from the defense of the cities to as of early August, when Senator Smith for consumer luxuries. defense of the Minuteman fleet of ICBMs. offered her challenge, was probably clooer The more orthodox policy makers have AB far as the critics were concerned, how­ to the eleven votes registered in favor of rarely applied their faith in fiscal responsi­ ever, the basic facts did not change. First, her amendment. b111ty beyond the narrow bounds of the ABM would escalate the nuclear arms race; The deeper signi:ficance of the ABM fight civilian side of the federal budget. Thus while second, the system would be a technical fail­ was its effectiveness as a rallying point for welfare programs were kept lean and austere, ure; third, it would cost billions of dollars- large segments of the public, the scientific February 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2683 and academic communities, former govern­ for every one of these involves contracts for trol military spending, assuming the Willlng­ ment officials, and members of Congress hundreds of millions, often billions, of dol­ ness to exercise control persists. against a weapon system that promised to lars With large defense firms who employ Third, throughout the year decisions about diminish rather than enhance na,tional se­ workers by the tens of thousands. Obviously, weapons systems were announced by the curity. In the process, many persons received military contractors do not stand idle while Pentagon that served to vindicate those who their first lessons in defense analysis a.nd Congress deliberates over their contracts. In had tried to point out the waste inherent in they found the discipline accessible to ordi­ addition, each major weapon system can the defense budget by examining specific nary reason. Because of the good shoWing vitally affect the relative influence and status programs. In May production of the Chey­ the op·ponents made in the floor debates, of the military services and they, too, be­ enne Helicopter was halted, a step that Rep. a.nd the excellent support they elicited from come something more than dispassionate on­ otis Pike, one of the "fearless five" dissident individual constituents and from such ad hoc lookers during such debates. How prestigious members of the House Armed Services Com­ citizens' groups as the National Citizens would the Navy be without a carrier fleet, mittee, had been urging for more than a Committee Concerned About Deployment of or the Air Force Without a manned bomber year. In June the MOL was canceled. In the ABM, headed by Arthur Goldberg and fleet, or the Army Without a tank fleet? The November, after the authorization acts were Roswell Gilpatric, a number of them were one system other than ABM attacked by an completed. President Nixon proclaimed a. emboldened to probe further into military amendment in August--the Main Battle limitation of the use of chemical agents and affairs. These effects spread to the House of Tank-after being Withdrawn by agreement, a renunciation of germ warfare, although Representatives, where later in the fall 105 was re-endorsed by the Armed Services Com­ the germ ban has since been revealed as memhers voted in favor of a cooper-Hart mittee after it had received from the General only a partial ban because of a recent rede­ type of amendment--a display of dissatis­ Accounting Office a report very critical of fining of biological toxins. Also in Novem, faction With military leadership not often the program. ber, the Air Force announced that it would seen in the House. On the other hand, while the attempts to purchase eighty-one rather than 120 C-5A Following the ABM vote, a.nd in the few take out some of the weapons were not suc­ cargo planes due to its increased costs, thus days remaining before the mid-summer Con­ cessful, the votes indicated that the critics conceding much of Proxmire's criticism of gressional recess, the Senate took up the were ma.king headway in the sense that more that program. Such developments encourage first batch of the many amendments directed Senators went on record to eliminate large continued Congressional effort. against other portions of the military au­ sums of money from the bill than had ever On December 3, some of the most stinging thorizat ion act. Among them were an amend­ done so before. For example, twenty-three criticism of military spending in recent years ment, introduced by Sen. Richard Schweiker, Senators voted for Sen. William Proxmire's emanated from an unlikely source, the House directing the Defense Department to make amendment to cut out more than $500 mil­ Appropriations Committee. Throughout the quarterly reports to Congress on the costs of lion from the C-5A. Only eleven, it will be year, Rep. George Maihon, chairman of the major weapons systems; a proposals by Sen. recalled, had voted for the Smith proposal to committee, had been giving hints of dissatis­ Gaylord Nelson to regulate the production take all the money away from the Safeguard faction With the military budget and With and deployment of chemical and biological ABM. Senator Smith was able to improve the military in general. In an exchange on warfare agents, and one by Sens. Thomas upon her earlier showing: she reintroduced the floor of the Rouse, May 21, Mahon Eaglet on and Mark Hatfield to delete $54 her ABM amendment on the approl)Tiations asserted that "The military has made so million designated for the Main Battle Tank, bill on December 15 and received thirty-six many mistakes, it has generated a lack of pending a report by the General Account­ votes. These votes and the corresponding ones confldence"-whereupon Rep. L. Mendel Riv­ ing Office on the huge cost overruns plagu­ in the House, though modest, represent dra­ ers, chairman of the House Armed Services ing this program. The Schweiger and Nelson matic progress over the year before, when Oommittee, accused him of "playing into the amendments passed; a compromise was Senator Clark, for example, could muster no hands of the enemies of the military." The reached on the Main Battle Tank whereby more than six of his colleagues against the December report of the Mahon committee the General Accounting Office was asked to proposed new bomber defense system ( called cited chapter and verse. The year 1969, it make a. report on the program to the Armed AWACS) and similar numbers on other pro­ concluded, was the year of the cost overrun; Services Committee which would then re­ grams, and when the opposition to his argu­ "No single year stands out in which inordi­ consider the question of continuing it. In ments against the Manned Orbiting Lab nate escalations in costs for Defense weapons the belief that the committee would take (MOL) was so rigid that he wa.s discouraged systems developments and procurements the funds out of the bill if the report indi­ from even introducing the amendment he have been surfaced to the extent they have cat ed that the program was too costly, Eagle­ had prepared against it. been this year during the hearings." Punch­ ton and Hatfield withdrew their amendment. The fundamental failure of the floor ef­ ing a hole in the Pentagon's usual explana­ A measure proposed by Sen. Joseph Tyd­ forts in both Houses was that all the ad­ tion for cost overruns, the committee found ings to reduce the research and development vanced weapons survived the challenges in­ that inflation accounted for only 11.4 per emergency fund (some called it a slush fund) tact and no substantial money cuts were cent of the increases identified, and "It can was modified to a smaller cut and adopted, achieved while the bill was being considered. be said that cost overruns in fa.ct have con­ and Sen. William Fullbright was able to re­ But this should not detract from what was tributed to inflation." The report went on to move $45 million from the Pentagon's social accomplished. In the first place, the funds indict the Pentagon for sloppy contracting science and foreign policy grant program. recommended by the Armed Services Com­ methods and questionable practices With re­ It was, for the military critics, one sum­ mittees were substantially lower than the gard to justifications for programs presented mer of happiness. The slim margin of the Administration had requested, and it is gen­ to Congress. ABM defeat had been heralded as a moral erally agreed that the demands made by the More importanJt, the com.mi.ttee recom­ victory, and the string of small successes that military critics for defense reductions influ­ mended an a.pproptdation $5.3 b1llion below followed was interpreted by some observers enced the actions of the comm! ttees. In a. the Nixon revl.sed request, end $4.4 billion as further proof that the big military spend­ move of long-term importance, $1 billion was below the a.mount ,actually appropriated the ers were being routed. Secretary Melvin taken out of the research and development year before. The Senate then removed an Laird's announcement during the recess that, program alone. a.ddiitilonaa $627 million, and the conference due to Congressional pressure, defense Second, the relatively minor reductions oommittee restored about half of that spending would be cut by a.s much as $3 and the non-money amendments tacked on a.mount. '!1he appropriation finally passed was billion added to the euphoria. But after La­ to the authorization act were also not in­ thus $5.6 billion below Nixon's request. The bor Day, Congress and reality returned to significant. In addition to the amendments Sen.Site also placed in ·the bill a prohibition Washington. The budget cutters put forth on chemical and biological warfare, social against the use of U.S. ground troops in Laos some of their best arguments against some science rese~ch, and the Pentagon's emer­ and ThaLland and a requirement that funds of the worst programs a.nd were voted down gency fund, Senator Proxmire successfully appropriated but not spent or obligated by handily on each one: proposals to cut back proposed that ( 1) the General Accounting the Defense DepartmeDJt be identified after or postpone the C-5A Cargo Plane, F-14 Office conduct the first comprehensive study ce!'tain periods of time-further evidence of Fighter, AMSA Bomber, and Nuclear Aircraft of defense profits; (2) a directory be com­ a strong sentiment that Oongress should ex­ Carrier programs were all defeated. What had piled and kept up to date of retired military ercise greater control over defense spending. happened? officers employed by defense contractors and The a.ppropria.tion was the first since 1965 The difference in the critics' fortunes be­ of former contractor officials employed by to be less than that of the year before; it fore and after the recess was, to a large ex­ the Pentagon; and (3) the category of mili­ showed the largest reduction since the post­ tent, a matter of money. The August amend­ tary research known an independent re­ Korean War year of 1954. That is not to say ment s concerned new regulations and at­ search and development be cut 20 per cent. that total defense spending will actually be tempts to place controls over the Pentagon's In addition, a. celling was placed on total reduced by any given ,amount. The appro­ use of funds in programs which, for the troop strength, though hardly low enough priation bill referred corutadns most but most part, did not involve major weapons for many critics, a cost and effectiveness to systems or great (by Pentagon standards) study of the nuclear attack aircraft carriers not 8111 11he moneys appropria.ited for defense. amounts of money. It ls one thing to attack was ordered, the Pentagon agreed to hold up Military construction is handled as a sepa­ open-air testing of lethal chemical agents spending on the Main Battle Tank until it rate piece of legislation, as a.re such military­ and disease-producing biological micro-or­ could complete a. study of that program, and relaited ,appropriations as foreign military aid. ganisms, or to blow the whistle on military a number of small weapons were added to Also, the regular defense appropriation bills research grants into such problems as "The the list of items that must be specifically can be, and usually are, augmeDlted by sup­ Decline in Paternalism Among Peruvian and authorized each year rather than simply plemental appropriations. The supplementals Japanese La.borers." It is something else to contained in an appropriation. This last are sometimes wildly unpredictable. In 1967 attempt to cancel a major weapon system, change Will improve Congress' ability to con- the Johnson administration e.sked additional 2684 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1970 sums of close to $13 billion, because of a a.tor Fulbright has termed our cock-eyed dried up almost completely. There were no miscailcul.a.tion of the costs of Vietnam. priorities. packed galleries after ABM. There is reason for restrained optimism The Senate debate over the military au­ But for a while last year, the juices flowed with regard to total a.pproprla.ttons this year. thorization bill, which was the longest mili­ again in Congress, a branch of government (They can never be considered. complete while tary debate in the history of Congress, and which many persons thought too withered supplementals can still be introduced and the many hearings int,o military affairs con­ to show any life. As Ruth Gordon, age 72, acted upon, and these can be submitted any ducted by Senators Proxmire, Fulbright, said upon receiving her first Academy time up to June 30, the end of the fiscal Symington, Gore and Ribicoff, have helped Award in 1969, "I can't tell you how en­ year. Tec'hnically, the appropriations process to establish a better understanding of how couraging a thing like this is." is not over until the fiscal year is over.) In the Pentagon and its industrial allies oper­ addition to the large reduction in the main ate. It raised serious doubts, if not indigna­ defense appropriation, both the military con­ tion, over the Wisdom of entrusting to their A SOLDIER VIEWS MYLAI struction and the mlHitary foreign aid aippro­ hands so much of the nation's wealth and pri,wtions were below the a.mounts reques·ted, power. and the only supplemental that now appears At the very lea.st, the issue of defense HON. ANCHER NELSEN on the horizon will be relatively small-about spending has been removed from the sanc­ $1 bHlion to pay for the millrtary pay raise tuary of the high priests of military author­ OF MINNESOTA enacted last yea.r. ity and brought into the Ught for all con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES But there is a hitch: the amounts ap­ gregations to see. By doing that much, Con­ Thursday, February 5, 1970 propriated by Congress differ from the gress has shaken itself free of some of the amounts spent by the Pentagon. This dis­ myths that have enveloped the military budg­ Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, the Worth­ crepancy arises because money appropriated et for so long. One was the assumption that ington Daily Globe in my congressional in one year, but not spent, is then carried it was somehow preordained for defense ex­ district has seen fit to publish a most over to subsequent years. The time lags penditures in the nuclear age to comprise thoughtful look at the Mylai scene from between appropriation and expenditure vary between 8 and 10 per cent of the gross na­ a soldier's point of view. I believe this with the type of program, the greatest lag tional product, and that so long as the figure occurring on procurement. For this reason hovered in this range it was acceptable. This account by Sgt. Tim O'Brien of Worth­ we can anticipate substantial delays between supposition has been rejected partly because ington provides insight and understand­ appropriation reductions and spending re­ the enormous amount of waste disclosed by ing about the tragic situation that exists ductions, and the full a.mount of la.st year's last year's investigations proved that de­ in parts of Vietnam and should be shared cuts will not be realized immediately. fense spending is excessive; partly because with the American public. I include Ta.king all of this into account, we can members of Congress have learned to ask Sergeant O'Brien's assessment, along estimate total Defense Department expend­ some of the more important questions and to with its editorial introduction, at this itures in fiscal 1970 of about $76 bilUon. challenge the basic assumptions underlying point in my remarks: This compares with $77 .3 billion in 1968 military policy. For example, the real ques­ and $77.9 billion in 1969. The difference, if tion with regard to the size of the budget ( EorTOR' s NOTE.-Sgt. Tim O'Brien, a the estimate holds up, would be an actual is not what proportion of GNP it represents, Worithington man and a. graduate of the local reduction of about $2 billion from last year. or whether the percentage should be raised public schools, is now with the U.S. infantry Ba.lancing off this healthy sign ls the fact or lowered, or whether it is equal to the in Vietnam. He fought at Mylai not in March that, with the exception of the MOL and square of the moon's diameter. The real ques­ 1968, when it is purported an atrocity was Cheyenne programs canceled early last year, tion is whether we are investing too little or committed there but less than a. year later. and the cutback in the number of C-5As to too much of our resources to achieve the His report ls powerful. O'Brien is the son of be purchased, all the major weapons sys­ only rational objective for a military estab­ Mr. and Mrs. William T. O'Brien, 230 11th tems were allowed to go forward. Since an lishment, national defense. Ave.) By spending such time and energy on these The villages of Mylai are scattered like unusual number of new programs are get­ wild seed in and a.round Pinkville, a flltt ting off the ground or into the water this matters, Congressmen have begun to under­ stand how critical it is to deal with the de­ stretch of sandy red clay along the northern year, and since their major funding is yet coast of South Vietnam. Pinkvllle seems a to come, the stage is clearly being set for fense budget. The issue of defense is going through the process of socialization, just as silly, county fairish misnomer for such a sul­ another big defense budget Putsch. For ex­ len piece of the world. From the infantry­ ample, a mere $100 mlllion was appropriated the issues of civil rights, poverty and hunger, and pollution of the environment have gone man's perspective, zig-zagging through one for AMSA this year, but it will probably cost of the most heavily mined areas in the war more than $15 billion eventually, and an­ through a similar process in recent years. Like these civilian issues, defense is no zone. there is little pink--or rosy-a.bout nual appropriations will soon total several Pinkville. Mud huts more often deserted hundred million dollars a year. The same longer thought to be the exclusive province of any body of experts in the executive or than not, gray and filthy hamlets, bombed can be said for the new fighter aircraft, out pagodas, and the patently hostile faces the carriers, the Ma.in Battle Tank, and sev­ legislative branches. Increasingly, members of Congress have made themselves fully qual­ of Pinkville's inhabitants are what he finds eral other weapons which got their big feet there, along with a spate of elaborate tun­ in the door this year. If old and new weap­ ified and competent to speak out, raise ques­ tions, make suggestions, and exercise their nels, bomb shelters and graves. ons systems continue to be funded, it mat­ The place derives its name from the fact ters not what cuts are made in manpower, individual judgment a,bout civilian issues, re­ gardless of their committee assignments or that military maps color it a shimmering operations and maintenance, research and shade of elephant-pink, signifying what the development, in stretch-outs of hardware background and training. Defense policy is rapidly coming to be viewed with the same map legends call a "built-up area". Perhaps programs, or in the closing of bases; the it once was. Now it needs to be. Gls operat­ pressures will ultimately develop for once degree of urgency. It is too important to be left to the military or to the professional ex­ ing in Pinkville have long since concluded again enlarging the overall budget. Congress that the only justification for the name 1s shied away from this issue in 1969, but one perts who have botched things badly up to now. in the strength and ferocity of Viet Cong day soon it will have to be met. If there is in the area, a bunch of real pinkos. not a weeding out of the marginal and ex­ What the public now needs to understand Pinkville and the villages called My Lal cesslvely ambitious programs at various is that defense, like many other questions, are well known to this unit. They were stages of the their development, last yea.r's is too important to be left to the govern­ notorious and feared places even before the struggle will have achieved at best a. tem­ ment to determine by itself. The anti-ABM brazen and perhaps unfair headlines heralded porary dip in expenditures, to be followed by movement was one of the better examples in the "My Lai Massacre". In January of last another upward thrust. recent years of a coalition of people, groups year, less than a year after the alleged Congress did not tum the m111tary estab­ and elected officials committed to a major slaughter, this unit took part in the massive lishment around in 1969, and perhaps it was change of policy, and the fact that it did as Operation Russell Beach, joining forces with too much to expect that twenty years of well as it did is a sign that it is still possible other Army elements, boatloads of Marines, almost constant military growth would be to strive roward public resolution of public the Navy and Air Force. Subject of the in­ reversed in one. In fact, defense spending in­ issues. Unfortunately, that coalition turned tricately planned and much touted campaign creased somewhat in fiscal 1969. But Con­ out to be too ephemeral to sustain its pres­ was Pinkville and the Batangan Peninsula., gress did make a st,art. It appropriated less sure during the debate over military spend­ both of which had long served as Charlie's money and reclaimed some of its controls ing that followed the ABM vote. The steady answer to the American R&R Center­ over the Pentagon by legislating them back stream up Capitol Hill of citizens groups, friendly natives, home cooked rice, and into existence. Its method of analysis and emissaries from the universities, ex-officials nearly total sanctuary from American foot­ attack, weapon system by weapon system, and statesmen who indefatigably button­ soldiers. Despite the publicity and War Col­ proved very effective and succeeded in keep­ holed their Congressmen and Senat,ors to ar­ lege strategy, the operation did not produce ing the military on the defensive throughout gue the case against the ABM, who held the anticipated results, and this unit learned the year. The critics demonstrated their will­ conferences, wrote papers, reports and some hard lessons a.bout Pinkville. There is ingness to work hard in order to under­ speeches, conducted press conferences and no reliable criterion by which the GI can stand defense programs; their future suc­ took out ads in major dallies, slowed to a distinguish a pretty Vietnamese girl from a cess as critics will largely depend on their trickle after that first August vote. When deadly enemy; often they proved to be the persistence in straightening out what Sen- the debate resumed in September it had same person. The unit triggered one mine February 5, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 2685 after the other during the operation, frus­ March, 1968, occurred as reported, it was a COMMISSION ON U.S. PARTICIPA­ tration and anger built with each explosion crime, and there ls no justlfl.catlon to be TION IN THE UNITED NATIONS and betrayal, one hamlet and one Oriental culled from reference to the participants' face began to look like any other-hostile and brutal experiences in and around the My black-and this was a group of men boiling Lai's, just as this unit's actions are not HON. CORNELIUS E. GALLAGHER with hate when they were pulled out of assuaged by pointing to dead buddies, hos­ Pinkville. tile civilians, and the omnipresent mines. OF NEW JERSEY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES THE VIETCONG WERE THERE Gls, growing up on the image of the Amer­ ican soldier as a khakied savior, generously Thursday, February 5, 1970 In May we were ordered back. Inserted giving of himself to fight for enslaved and by chc,pper in the villages of My Khe, a few grateful souls, has a difficult time under­ Mr. GALLAGHER. Mr. Speaker, I am thousand meters south of the My Lai's, the standing that this is not France, that My Lal today introducing a resolution calling unit hit immediate contact, only seconds is a far cry from Paris and its cheering, after interrogating with negative results the for the establishment of a Presidential willing young chicks. The difference is that Commission on United States Participa­ citizens of My Khe 3. The Viet Cong were My Lai is not occupied nor enslaved by the there, waiting in ambush across the rice enemy. The residents of Pinkville are the tion in the United Nations. paddy; the people, some of them, had to enemy--or his children or his wife or his The year 1970 marks the 25th anni­ know what was in store; so we went across bronzed old mother. And still Gls find it versary of the United Nations organiza­ the paddy and the Arizonan was killed and incomprehensible, their hostility. "Ungrate­ tion. Many things have happened since a grenade bounced off my helmet, taking ful, stupid dinks," we call them. Dinks, that organization came into being and Clauson out of the war. And a lieutenant which is a word laden with all the contempt swiveled the skinny Arizonan off his shoulder, many other things will happen in the of World War !I's "nip" and "kraut", the years ahead. This year, therefore, would into a chopper, and we went north, into the Korean War's "gook", Castro's "yankee". My Lai's. seem to off er us a timely opportunity for It is difficult to recount the next weeks. ONE DAY IN CZECHOSLOVAKIA reviewing the record of accomplishments It was a matt er of walking until someone Pinkv111e is the enemy's home, that can of the U.N. organizations, for reappris­ hit a mine-a frenzied call for dust-off be said as surely as one can say anything ing the machinery of the U .N. system choppers-then walking until we were mor­ about what happens here. Given that fact, and for trying to arrive at some answers tared or until snipers plinked away at us the outrage of American troops at the sullen from one of the villages. faces, mines, and unanswered questions regarding the role which that instru­ We met a certain number of local Viet­ reaches ludicrousity. What more can be ex­ ment of international cooperation namese along the way. Invariably they were pected from the enemy and his family? should play during the coming decade. the nonparticipants fn war: children under If outrage does not justify what might With these thoughts in mind, the Sub­ 10 years, women, old folks who planted their have happened in March of last year, neither committee on International Organiza­ eyes into the dirt and were silent. There does the fact that the slain women and chil­ tions and Movements of the Committee were no military-aged men to be seen, no dren were hostile relatives and friends and on Foreign Affairs, which I have the fathers for the children, husbands for the sympathizers of the Viet Cong. If so, we women; no brothers and no farmers to reap could smile at our consciences and justify honor to chair, has planned a series of the rice which someone had to have planted. similar atrocities by past and present en­ hearings relating to the U.N. These hear­ And there were never answers to the ques­ emies: when, in retribution for the killing of ings will begin on February 17 and many tion, "Where are the men?" Not from the Heydrich, the Nazi occupiers of Prague trav­ distinguished Americans in public life villagers. Not until the unit ducked poppa's eled a few kilometeres to the west, cordoned and in the private sector will testify be­ bullet or exploded his fine mine into a mil­ off the village of Lidice and marched the fore the subcommittee. lion fragments. inhabitants off to a nearby field where they It has been my feeling and that of The unit was fatigued and angry leaving were killed. The official explanation: Li dice some of my colleagues that any meaning­ My Lai 5: another futile search of a nearly was the suspected refuge for Heydrich's kill­ deserted village, another fat zero turned up ers. Today Lidice, Czechoslovakia, is a flow­ ful reappraisal of the United Nations through interrogation. Moving north to cross ered memorial t.o that event. One wonders and of the U.S. role in that organization the Diem Diem River, the unit took con­ how the Vietnamese will commemorate My cannot involve the Congress alone. The tinuous sniper fire, and it intensified into Lai 4 20 years from today. executive branch and, indeed, the whole a storm of sound when we reached the water There is more to our unit's behavior and Nation, ought to have a part in that un­ and a bridge, 75 meters long and perfectly the behavior of Charlie Company in Pink­ dertaking. It is with this in mind that exposed, the only way across. One man at ville than can be found in the phrase "mob I am today introducing the resolution a time, churning as fast as the rucksacks psychology". There was hate and a kind of which would provide for the establish­ and radios and machine guns allowed, the crazed frustration in the men out there. No unit crossed the Song Diem Diem, the rest mob leader, no anonymity in numbers was ment of a Presidential commission to of the troops spraying out protective fl.re, needed to carry the troops toward violence. conduct such a reappraisal. waiting their own turn, and we were scared. Nor does Cooley's "in-group, out-group" The text of the resolution follows: It was a race. A lieutenant was the starter, analysis penetrate deeply int.o what hap­ H.J. REs. 1078 crouched at the clay runway lea.ding into pened and, presumably, is still happening. Joint resolution establishing the Commis­ the paddy, hollering "Go" for each of us Though it is true that the Oriental skin, sion on United States Participation in the and then letting a burst of fl.re to cover the poverty, and hostility found in Pinkville United Nations, and for other purposes guy. The CO, first man to win his race, was leads to the "we-they" complex, grouping all at the finish line. He gave the V sign to each Vietnamese-friendly or not into the same Whereas 1970 marks the twenty-fifth an- man across, which might have signaled vic­ category, the dink, it is not often that the niversary of the United Nations; and tory or valor but afterwards came to mean out-group is so intensely out that they aire Whereas the world community has vindictive-as in vengeance. beaten and bombed and shot. changed and new problems have arisen dur­ ing this twenty-five-year period; and ONE HUT AFTER ANOTHER BURNED AFFLICTION MANIFESTED IN WAR Whereas the beginning of the 1970's is an In the next days it took little provocation Perhaps we should take anotber look at appropriate time to initiate adequa,te plan­ for the unit to flick the fl.int on their Zippo the insight of Freud {who is also "out" ning for the future operations of the United lighters. Thatched roofs take the flame these days) and hls concept of the Id, which Nations and for the role of the United States quickly, and on bad days the unit burned one Alan Watts characterizes as "the primor­ in such operations: Now, therefore, be it hut after the other. Fear, exhaustion, the dial instincts of the swamp and the cave." Resolved by the Senate and House of Rep­ torture of searching for ground that won't Perhaps the American condemnation of "the resentatives of the United States of America blow you away, day to day harassing fire-­ national character" of Nazi Germany-with i n Congress assembled, That (a) there ls these things built, one upon the other, and its lurking brutality, authoritarianism and established the Commission on United States· the psyche finds its outlets. ethnocentrism-was too quickly and glibly Partlcipaition in the United Nations {here­ When two popular soldiers were blown confined to the Germanic culture. after in this Joint Resolution referred to as into a hedgerow by a booby trapped artlllery Whatever the roots, the affliction seems to the "Commission") to be composed of round, men put their fists to the nearest be manifested in war and particularly, most twenty-five members as follows: Vetnamese, two frightened women living in acutely, in the sort of throe of events this ( 1) Four Members of the House of Rep­ the guilty hamlet, and when the troops were unit experienced last May in Pinkville. It was resentatives selected by the Speaker of the through with them, they hacked off swaks a hard way to peek into your own soul, and House of Representatives, at least two of of thick black hair. The men were crying, the headlines may have been a shocking de­ whom shall be selected from among members doing this. nouncement for the American public, but of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and not Fighters were called in. The hamlet was some soldiers here are hoping we can pro­ more than two of whom shall be selected leveled and naplam was used to burn away ceed from a new level of understanding, in­ from the same political party. whatever might have been living in the rub­ dividually and as a nation. SOlne of us a.re (3) Seventeen members selected by the ble. There were VC in that hamlet, and who convinced, with Alan Watts, that "the most President of the United States from among else? intense darkness is itself the seed of light, outstanding citizens in both private and If the alleged incident at My Lal 4 in and all explicit warfare is implicit love." public life. The President shall designate a 2686 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 5, 1970 member of the Com.mlssion selected by him thoughts and reflects upon his experi­ the home of the Free and the brave--"We're from private life to serve as its chairman. ences during World War I. It is, at once, going over, We're going over and we won't be (b) Any vacancy in the membership of a nostalgic and interesting piece. The back til it's over, over there." the Commission shall not affect its powers, So away we went, first in training. While but shall be filled in the same manner a..s full text follows: there my Commanding Officer felt that I was in the case of the original appointment. A 76-YEAR-OLD VETERAN WRITES qualified to be an officer in the infantry. Be­ (c) Thirteen members of the Commission When we old veterans walk down this long fore I went, there was an understanding be­ shall constitute a quorum !or the transac­ road of life, we see and hear things that make tween the Sergeant who took my place as tion o! business. us la.ugh, things that make us cry and many First Sergeant that, if there was any indi­ SEC. 2. (a) It shall be the duty o! the things th&t make us wonder why. cation that the Regiment was going across, Commission to review the organization and Let us think back to days when we all wore to notify me at once. Before the school operation of the United Nations and its the diaper, when Mother and Dad worked started I received the message that the com­ specialized agencies and programs for the hard every da.y for little pay so that our pany was about to leave and immediately purpose of ma.king recommendations to the future would bring forth brighter days. ma.de arrangements with the Commanding President and to the Congress regarding the To start us off right they tickled us under Officer of the school to return to my com­ role of the United States in the operations the chin so that we would grin. They knew pany and arrived Just in time to go along and programs of the United Nations during this would eventually turn into laughter and with my Buddies. the decade of the 1970's. would pay-off thereafter. We were soon on a ship a.nd on our way. (b) The Commission shall report in writ­ Oh, we cried too when we had a little prun, We landed in France and within four days ing to the President and to the Congress, not were hungry or if we were upset when harm­ sent into a defensive action where the Ger­ later than one year after the date of enact­ ful things were taken from our little hands. man Army was trying to enter Paris. This ment of this Joint Resolution, which report We didn't cry long until we started to smile soon turned into an offensive action when shall set forth the results o! the review con­ or fell asleep for awhile. our artillery, dough-boys and Marines drove ducted by the Commission, together with Things went along nicely until we thought them back. We kept driving them back such recommendations regarding United we were smart and did things we should not. through the Aisne-Marne and Oise-Aisne of­ States participation in United Nations oper­ We were soon corrected on this foolish stunt fensives. From there we went into the Meuse­ ations and programs as the Com.mlssion may by a spanking on our growing rump. Argonne offensive, starting from the day it deem appropriate. The Commission shall We believe today the above mentioned began to the da.y it ended, November 11th cease to exist sixty days after filing the things were good ideas. They taught us in 1918. Then after a ten