Foulhouzeism and Cerneauism Scourged Dissection of a Manifesto

DISSECTI O F MA F ON A NI ESTO .

THIS S c Falsehood u ourging of and Impost re, is the sub stance oi the Dissection o f a manifesto of Jacques Foul

z is in l 1858. hou e, publ hed New Or eans in Al s . k w c It was written by Bro bert Pi e , ith the ex eption

of l s . of some passages a persona character, added by Bro ' Laﬁon Ladebat Charles de , which , with others having only o r c a personal lo al application, are here omitted but it has been deemed best to permit the Dissection still to retain the form of a response to propositions, instead of taking a th t of a treatise or memoir. — It is intended now for the swash bucklers and braggarts of ” - S the so called Cerneau upreme Councils in New York, whose weapons are drawn from the arsenals of Folger and

Foulhouze.

October, 1883.

PREAMBLES AND RESO LUTIONS

Adopted at the Grand Communication Of the soi- disant Su preme Council of the 33d Degree for the Sovereign and S of L 24th Independent tate ouisiana, on the of July,

1858.

Considera tion.

RI A 1. That the TE known at this day as The ncient ’ b d erent Masonic odies A t R , B , and ccep ed ite was worked y if l established in Europe at the time of the Grand Mastership o f l of the Count C ermont, which dates from the 11th of

1743. December, n S 2 . That when that Pri ce was the upreme Chief RE F ALL THE O , the degrees that we at this day work, F m formed a part THEREO ; as appears fro the fact that, 1758 E E in , the Council of mperors of the ast and West x of e isted at Paris ; and that that Council, then composed

ll- L - l H we informed persons , gave etters Capitu ar for the igh

- l Degrees, and created Inspectors Genera for the purpose F E of propagating reemasonry in urope, and even beyond

the seas. lh uze a n Mr. Fou o nn c ot say that his mea ing was , in these i all o f Ri in i cons derations, that the Degrees the te quest on l 18th r m were worked in the midd e of the Centu y, so e by one of ff d body, and some by another, the di erent masonic bo ies then established in Europe which would be a very differ

ent thing from what he does say. For his language is too f Le Rite ll . precise to a ow that charitable construction , he ’ “ ET AIT racti ue a r divers cor s ma onni ues says, p q p p e q which RI as R te means clearly that the whole TE, a i , was practised And E each. N by the word , which in two places we translate F to THEREO , has no other antecedent noun to be referred , ” “ ree e a isaient than Rite . The phrase Les D eg n f a rtie ca De rees ca a p , settles that ; be use g nnot form an integr l

a. 6

M E E , part of a title , of a asonic Body, of urope, of an poch t r i l , or of the o f a Grand Maste sh p, of a Count of C ermon month of December and these are the only precedent

uns Rite. no , except the word ies o f A RITE is a regularly arranged sca le or ser Degrees, H l forming a ierarchy, in which each ower Degree introduces O ne R the neophyte to the o n e immediately above it. ite may differ from another, either in having more or less De l ou t o r grees, eaving adding Degrees, or working the same

Degrees differently . “ The RITE known at this day as the Ancient and Ao ” ed R o f 33 . cept Scottish ite , consists Degrees Of the origin of many of the se Degrees we know nothing whatever. l o r of Undoubtedly most of them, as iso ated Degrees, parts o d iff M other systems, were w rke by d erent asonic Bodies in

l l 18th . Europe , estab ished near the midd e of the century But when a Masonic writer asserts that a particular Rite l was worked by a particu ar Body, at a particular time , he to his i im u must, in order verify assert on , and escape the p

i of l l tat on deliberate y fa sifying history, prove that it was H a s a Rite as a W hole as a S stem a s a Unit. e worked , , y , cannot save himself by saying o r even showing that most all o f D e rees o ne or even its g were worked, some by Body, and some by another. We admit that if one were to take a Rite consisting of a la m o r o ne rge nu ber of Degrees, and add take away or two

Degrees , making no other change , and give it, with that or diminution addition, a new name , it would not in good o r R But faith be another new ite . if the change made were substantia l re - , if the existing Degrees were arranged, and l s l n w severa new ones added, and e pecial y if higher o es ere

created, and the scale so arranged became consolidated by M e s time, and grew up to be a Power in asonry, regularly tablished i t l and admin s ered, it would be simp y absurd to it deny the name o f a Rite.

1758. a n d lw f In for many years and a ays after, the Rite o P o r Heredo m t o f 25 erfection, of , consis ed Degrees . It b e gan with the three Symbolic Degrees with the 18th reached R w 25t the ose Croix ; and ith the h, the Prince o f the Royal

3. 7

S . In 1786 a a ecret , the Gr nd Orient of Fr nce, having till c fi fi u then on ned itself to the rst three Degrees , added fo r m — ore, ending with the Rose Croix which four Degrees contained the substance of the first 18 of the Rite of Pertee — it ' a tion and c lled the seven Degrees, the French or ” M R . At 1783 1801 odern ite some time between and , some or R e one more persons took the ite of P rfection, and ex anded t he 18th fi l i p the seven Degrees above to fteen, eav ng the first eighteen untouched ; and more than doubling the t i o f residue , ending wi h a Degree above the h ghest that n l Rite , created a superior gover ing Power, and ca led the “ ” c ttish it A new Rite The Ancient and Accepted S o R e. fter B édarride m wards , two Brothers, named , took so e of these 33 or titles m Degrees, , rather, the of part of the , expanded them to 90 and called their ne w B ite the Rite of Mis

rai m .

R de la ieille B ru or Fa ith ul S cotsmen The ite V of the f , was F 1 48 of established at Toulouse , in rance , in 7 , and consisted — the three Symbolic Degrees and six others 9. P hiloso hica l Scottish Rite 1776 Pa The p , instituted in , at ris , l 1826 by Brother Boileau, a physician, and worked unti , and l in Bel ium ever since , consisted of twe ve Degrees , in addi g — tion to the three Symbolic 15 . R trict bservan ce be The ite of S O conferred six Degrees, i — ginn ng with the three Symbolic 6. ’ ' Re ime R ormé o r Réct e of had The g ef iﬁ , —Dresden, seven e S 7. D grees, including the three ymbolic S ttish P hil s hi a l Rite o f the S cottish Mother Lod e The co o op c , g , l M which is to be credited to the Body estab ished at arseilles, 1 50 ﬁ prior to 7 , consisted of eighteen Degrees, the rst three “ being the Symbolic Degrees, and the eighteenth the Knight ” n —18 of the Su . nr of Tchoud The Adonhiramite Maso y the Baron de y , con o r sisted of thirteen Degrees, ending with the Noachite “ -13 Prussian Knight .

' Ele t (Joens Martine z P aschalis The Rite of c , or of , consisted of Adonhiramite nine Degrees it, as well as the , beginning — th the three Symbolic Degrees 13 . Pernet of r s The Alchemical Rite of y, consisted six Deg ee , a 8

ni w M and din begin ng ith the True ason, en g with the

- Knight o f the Golden Fleece 6 . Rit of P hila lethe s i in 1773 The e the , establ sh—ed , had the l ni 12. three Symbo ic, and ne other Degrees i i cottish R ite P i d i The P rim t ve S , or h la elphi, establ shed in 1780 TEN E EE r ti ; a at Narbonne, , had D GR S, of inst uc on i s i Degree there meaning a certain a mount of n tru—ct on ; and some of them including several Masonic Degrees 10 . it cottish Rite in 1770 The P rim ive S , established at Namur, ,

- of h dif~ consisted o f thirty three Degrees, many w ich were ferent from any in the Ancient and Acce pte d Scottish Rite ; l l S Bite R o but are found in the Phi osophica cottish , the ite f donhiramit Str c , h A e Ma nr , R te of ict Obser—van e t e so y the i Pern et e ta 33. y , R i M M r i of Martin sm a u St. The ite , of the rq is of a t n, a l o f M z Paschalis ﬁ co te n discip e artine , was at rst mposed of r R ormed cotticism o t Degrees ; and afte ward, as the ef S f S . Ma rtin of n n wi the r s m b oli , seven ; each begin i g th th ee y

10.

Ri The Gra nd Lod e o the Three Globes l The te of g f , at Ber in,

M hi s - Ma has ten Degrees ; oreau, in Précis sur la Franc yon 1 — n erie 7 a 10. , page , s ys it has seventeen Recti ed Rite a 1782 ﬁve in The ﬁ , dopted in , had Degrees, — cluding the three Symbolic 5 . S wedish B ite l nin i The , had twe ve Degrees, begin g w th the h —1 t ree Symbolic 2. Ri e of Bene dict t ier d — Chas a n ha 6. The t , six Degrees R of B r ther Heno ch — o 4. The ite , had four Degrees

Orienta l B ite Ri Mem his - The , or te of p , has ninety six n ﬁ Degrees, bei g a mere modi cation of the Rite of Misraim

96.

P ersia n Philoso hic Rite — The p , had seven Degrees 7. The Clerks the Relaxed O ser vance te n the e of b , had , t nth di n ﬁve — vided i to parts 10 .

Ar hitects o A rica A rican B rethren The c f f , or f , had eleven

R of S wedenbor o i The ite g, had eight, or, acc rd ng to Clavel — , six 8.

of Zinnendor Pr — The Rite f , in ussia, had seven 7. 9

The Rose Croix Rect ied S hroede r in 1766 if of c , established ,

- — at M u H 7. arb rg, in esse Cassel, had seven Degrees R S chroeder o f H l e 1800 The ite of amburg, estab ished aft r , m l — had three Sy bolic Degrees on y 3. Fessle r te 1796 had in The—system of , crea d about , n e De grees 9. E lec tic B ite l in r S z la The c , fol owed Ge many and wit er nd, l — 1783 i l 3. sett ed in , has the three Symbol c Degrees on y R o f Elec t o Truth 1779 had The ite the f , created about , — t l 14. four een Degrees, in three c asses al r R h Of most eve y one of these ites, the t ree Symbolic De r on e e l g ees , in shape or other, form the basis and an int gra o f part of the system. There is no one them that can say M that no ne of its Degrees form part of any other Bite . any f l i o the Degrees are common to severa R tes . in his Acta Latomorum 18 ff Thory, , mentions di erent De A 19 F ll 64 M M grees of pprentice, of e ow Craft, of aster ason, 36 Bl e 68 E 12 R 27 of the u , of the cossais, of ose Croix, of

h l hi 6 K- H the P i osop c Degrees, and of ; these eight Degrees

i 249 R . all l alone furn shing ituals In , there have probab y been 6 or 8 hundred Degrees in practice . Of course it l R i i the sa me fol ows that two ites m ght pract se Degrees, in na me work iff reall , and yet the be very d erent, and they y be iff R e o f ro of d erent and independent B ites. The it Sch eder Ha E l i R G w l mburg, and the c ect c ite of ermany, each ith on y l W ll iff the three symbo ic Degrees, are yet each a ho y d erent R e the f E lis it from other, and each rom the ng h or York

Rite . Thus the w ord Rite has acquired in Masonry a per fe ctl ll- t l i L l y we se t ed technical mean ng. ike many sing e L aw fi t n l words in the , it embodies a de ni io , and re ieves us of the necessity of constant reiteration of a long sentence . Wh o f of 200 diff i en out the mass perhaps erent Degrees, w th 600 r 25 their va iations, somebody has selected , arranged niz n them, made them to some extent harmo e , i duced Bodies M c of asons to ac ept and work them, and under that system l M r m n t ffi to estab ish asonic gove n e t, administra ion, o ces and — ” i tha t is a Rite. Wh h dignit es, en anot er takes those same 25 s fi 18 a Degrees, retain the rst , adds to the l st seven eight

9. 1C

or in l o f 800 , others, se ected out the Degrees and variations 33 ented or the occasion iz v f , arranges and harmon es the thus fﬁ a d , obtained, provides a governing Body, a rank o ce n i i hi her tha n be ore i M dign ty, g f , nduces asons to accept th s 1t w i t ne w system o r improved system, and so sets go g, and i an d m substan oes o n and wo rks, is admin stered beco es a g — i i M tha t tive and existing organ zat on and power in asonry, ” te M i world ll A I . is a Ri . The ason c ca s it B TE M i i Now, when t he author of the an festo set out by say ng that the Rite now known as the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite was practised by several Masonic Bodies o f l G M t established while the Count C ermont was rand as er, he committed a very grave offence against the proprieties o f

Fo r fi l discussion. , when a word has obtained a xed, sett ed i ni l and techn cal mea ng, any writer who emp oys it must em l in l l p oy it that sense, un ess he exp ains that he uses it in one another and n o t its technical sense . If were to say that the Civil Code o f Louisiana was the Code o f Law for a par ticular E a t l l country of urope a particu ar time , it wou d not relieve him from the charge o f falsifying History for him afterwards to endeavor to justify the assertion by saying that the Code o f Louisiana was composed of principles not new h fo r fi all nor t en the rst time invented, but found in ages, scattered through all Codes . The word Code has a t i l l fi — of l or echn ca , sett ed, xed meaning that a compi ation of L d l l l of body aws, adopte by a particu ar peop e as the ru e their society : and a writer who uses it is held to have used nl l i u it in that sense , u ess he exp a ns , at the time , that he ses i to m it n some other . If he chooses use it as eaning a house o r co w l : a , he is free to do so, on y advising the reader but a l i l i he c nnot jugg e w th it and use it without exp anat on, that u l il the reader may nderstand it in its technica sense, wh e he, i l the wr ter, with a menta reservation , gives it another mean

in . l J e uitism on s . g That wou d be , and a fraud the reader “ ” ha s ﬁ Just so it is with the word Rite . It a xed mean “ ” “ ” in so the sect or creed. E v Ma g ; as much as word , ery so n of t w n an d Mr any informa ion kno s what it mea s when . F oulhouze asserts that the identical Rite n o w known as the — An cient and Accepted Scottish Rite was worked pra tigué a 11

divers M in of 18th r by asonic Bodies , the middle the centu y, m ust c R a s substan he prove that the identi al ite , a Rite , as a s stem of tive y , with its same arrangement Degrees, and sub stan tiall R y its same ituals , was then worked. ll l . u . No t n We , that he cannot prove It is not tr e o y was it ot n o Ri like n n worked, but te it was worked, no e any

25 . nearer to it than that of Perfection, in Degrees There R t l o f ll was no i e in existence unti the end the Century, ca ed l all by the present name . We have already named near y the

Rites practised since the beginning o f the 18th Century. we ll M Those that have not named, were rea y not asonry at i all M . , but other Societies wearing the ason c mask lh uze o f l Mr. Fou o But avers, that when the Count C ermont M ALL De rees WE was Grand aster, the g which now work i formed part o f the Ancient and Accepted S cottish R te . An d this he proves by the fact that in 1758 there was a Coun oil E the East of the mperors of and West at Paris, and that

L - l the Hi h D e rees it granted etters Capitu ar for g g , and created Ins ectors Genera l R e l i p to propagate the it , The conc us on t l n n u tur is an evident and eviden y absurd o seq i . That that “ ” l m the Hi h D e rees Counci ad inistered g g , and even created ” Ins ectors Genera l li p , goes a very ttle way, indeed does not R con even set out, to prove that the ite which it worked

- t ain ed ALL the 33 Degrees of o ur present scale . Among the Degrees added to the 25 . o f the Rite of Perfe c 33 A A S i tion, to make up the of the ncient and ccepted cott sh R now ra tised l ite , p c , were the Chief of the Tabernac e; the e of M or Prince of the Tabernacle , the Princ ercy, Scottish t the of z S Trini arian, Knight the Bra en erpent, and the f N ot one Knight Commander o the Temple . of these Degrees is included in the scale o f Degrees of any one o f the Rites R which we have mentioned, or of any other ite of which the o Mis French writers give us any inf rmation, except that of

i w nineteenth An ra m, hich took them in the Century from the

A S R . roo cient and ccepted cottish ite We call for the p f , the historical evidence that a ny of these ﬁVe Degrees were worked M o f R by any asonic Body whatever, as part any ite what 1 r in 1743 762 o 1801. ever, , , at any time prior to It will not in R Bé schuet V be found the works of Thory, ebold, , assal, a 12

' Lé ‘ R l l E - D u on te s , agon, C ave , Des tangs, Chemin p , Bobrik ‘ — rmes M B oubé e Kauﬁm ann Cher in in He , vesque, oreau, , and p ’ ’ l be O rient l Ene clo édie Ma onni ue l ( 7173126 7 8 the G o , the , y p g g , nni ue les Anna les Ma onni ues Revues Ma co g , g g , either of the a onni ues P l M g g , or in the o emics between the Supreme Coun ll cil and the Grand Orient o f France . In a these writings and we have compiled from them and other sources extracts Hi o f F M F fﬁ concerning the story ree asonry in rance , su cient o f l l — no to make a work at east three vo umes, there is trace o f t o f of the existence either of those Degrees, except hat i of l 1801 Kn ght Commander the Temp e , prior to the year and not the slightest information as to the time and place of

i i if t i t . their or g n, hey were nvented prior to hat time To say that ALL the Degrees of the Ancient an d Accepted Scottish R t 1758 a ter wards 25 i e were worked in , and f reduced to , is l make i u simp y to h story as yo want it. There is nothing in i ll the world to susta n such an a egation . It is a sheer fabri

cation. R l l l te F ran ebo d, a very accurate and re iab e writer, in c Ma on A u 1857 . 148 l M g , for ug st, , p , entit es the asonry intro d d uce F . R P into rance by Dr amsay, the rimitive Scottish '

Ri . Kauﬁm an n Cher in His te It was composed, and p say (

toire hiloso hi ue de la F ra n - M c a connerie . o f p p q , p three — e 3 l — Ecossa is N ovice Degrees b sides the B ue Degrees, , and Kni ht t o he Tem le. R Orthod aci Ma nni o e o ue . g f p agon ( g q , p 113 a 1736 ) says the same , and th t in those Degrees were l n

creased to seven .

' R l l - ebo d a so says (Histoire Génera le de la Franc Macon

neris . B it Ecossa is of R , p that the amsay, then compris in 7 En g Degrees, was adopted by the glish Grand L odge of F ” P 1 36. rance, at aris , in 7 1743 In , the Count of Clermont was elected Grand Master ; his G M and under rand astership the Grand Lodge o f France l l z was comp ete y organi ed . In that year the Masons of

L P etit- E lu yons invented the , which was afterwards known Kado sh as the , and out of which were developed several Elu other Degrees . About the same time Philosophism l an d composed severa Degrees, among others the Knight of

. s v l s Histoire P itt the Sun The Jesuit , Cla e ays ( oresque de la a 13

- F ran Ma onnerie . c g , p composed the Rose Croix , which of the Philosophers took possession , and gave its symbols t the R ab alah an as ronomical interpretation. Soon after, , M E of S A Her agic, vocations pirits, Divination, lchemy , meticism s o f , Theo ophy, and every sort empty humbug, were worked up into Degrees and taught in the Lodges . The ineffable stupidity o f most o f the Rituals was a perfect l o f antidote to the ooseness their doctrines . Taking the of rituals in the aggregate , the history the human race does of l not present such a scene shame ess imposition, impudence and folly o n the part of a few Charlatans ; and of pitiable

stupidity on the part of the many who were gulled. l t of r l l This mu ti ude Deg ees, C avel says, whose ritua s n ot in can ot be read without disgust, g grouped together diff z erent ways, and were systemati ed and thence grew up series r these of initiations into successive Deg ees, which are te rmed B ites ; distinguished one from another by having ff di erent categories of Degrees, and each category governed ”

di . by a stinct Body But the truth is, that the Degrees “ ma tized l a re a t s ste ed. were not y , but mere y gg g Not being , did c r sta llize l homogeneous, they not y , but mere y became conglomera tes. l l Ma t When the Count of C ermont was e ected Grand s er, France received from England its ﬁrst Masonic Constitution i l and Laws . They were l tt e more than an adaptation of An 20th i l l derson, except the and last art c e , which dec ared that certain perso ns who had assumed the designation of Scottish Masters and who demanded peculiar privileges L w l in the odges, for which no arrant cou d be produced, should n ot be held in higher e stimation than the other ap l l prentices and workmen, whose c othing they shou d wear ’ — F ree Mason s ua rterl Ma azine En lish 1853 . 600 ( Q y g g , p , And l citing f rom KLoss) . an address pub ished the next

1744 la Fra nc- Ill a onne il year, , in g , reciting the ev s under M l 4th I no which asonry abored, assigned as the , that, g M e rance is so common, that the majority of the ast rs and Wardens do not know that Masonry consists of seven De Lo e Generals l resolved grees and the g , in its b indness , on the 11th of c 1 43 M 4th De ember, 7 , to regard the asons of the a 14

Ma itres Ecossais l Degree, that is to say the , on y as common m Apprentices and Fello q rafts en . 1744 t l t l L t In , the Coun of C ermon eft the odges to ake care l i ﬁ nk of themse ves ; and appo nted rst Baure , a ba er, and L i — t his i l afterwards acorne, a danc ng mas er, spec a Deputy, ’ l hi - e s P recis thus putting the who e Order in s hands . B such t ( — - r Ma onnerie l. . Histori ue de la F a nc v o I . q g , , p Disorders of every kind invaded Masonry charters became merchan li ﬂi R dise, new Degrees swarmed ke es, estaurateurs bought

M i l f l . astersh ps for i e, and every body so d Degrees The fol l l E o f t owers of Char es dward Stuart, the son the Pre ender, opened Lodges without authority and he him self chartered

R A 174 . t a Chapter of ose Croix, at rras , in 7 The Char er is ll le u lobe ol. 4 . 4 rt G v 8 R O hod. given in f in , , p , and by agon (

- Ma onn. . l v l i t M ri H s . P itt. de la F ra nc a onne e g , p C a e ( g , p . says that this was the ﬁrst Chapter or centre of ad ministration oi the High Degrees in France ; and that the li M ll in 1751 lli second was estab shed at arsei es, , by a trave ng

Scotchman.

1748 R de la Vieille B r u des Ecossa is déles In , the ite , or ﬁ ,

l l 9 - 3 was estab ished at Tou ouse , with Degrees, the Sym b olic M Elu i , Secret aster, four Degrees, and the n nth of t ﬁ M —R rth Al a 22 Kauff O od. 1 Scien i c asonry agon, n, p . n Cher in H ist. P hi l . 44 . man and p , , p 7 1750 1751 L l ’ In or , a odge sty ed S a int J ea n d Ecosse was l M ll estab ished at arsei es, which afterwards assumed the

l of S cottish Mother Lod e F r nc r i e ﬁ ll sty e g cf a e. Its ég m na y i of 18 M L cons sted Degrees, of which the Scottish other odge F — , P Le of rance at aris, afterwards borrowed eight vesque , ' A er u Genera l (he des rinci a le t s sec Ma nn . 4 p g , es o . 5 , p p g , p ; 1 Acta Lato ' , morum . 63 R l Hist en Thory , p ebo d, . G . p . 163 ; ’ Bé su chet P recis His t l. , v o I. . 35 R rth d Ma . O o . , , p ; agon, g 1 p . 19. 1752 f In , a power o the High Degrees was established n i o f i l l u der the pompous t tle Sovere gn Counci , Sub ime M L G F Gl Scottish other odge of the rand rench obe . It was d ll , t ll i l i afterwar s ca ed or ra her ca ed tse f, Sovere gn Council li M L Sub me other odge of the Excellents o f the Grand French ”

Gl . obe The Council of Emperors of the East and West as I5

u 22d — s 1 80. s med that title al o, on the of January, 7 Ragon, — Orthod. Al a 123 135 . h m s, p . W at Degrees the for er admin istere d we are no t informed . We only know that in some A Commanderies the Scottish Knight of S t. ndrew was worked. 1754 B In , the Chevalier de onneville established a Chapter “ of Hi P l the gh Degrees at aris, styled the Chapter of C er ” mont . In it the Templar system was revived ; and the H H Baron de und received the igh Degrees there , and thence derived the principles and doctrines o f his order o f Strict — 1 Acta La t . e 68 Le A er u . Observanc Thory, , p vesque, p c , p 1 rt Ma . 2 54. R O hod. 7 re ime o f agon, c , p , says the g the Chap l ﬁ l 3 . e . be ter of C ermont at rst comprised on y Degrees, i , S l of E l M sides the three ymbo ic, Knight the ag e, or aster El ll o r ll ect ; I ustrious Knight, Templar ; and I ustrious Sub lime Knight ; but that they soon became more numerous . 1754 M z Paschalis li The same year, , artine estab shed his Elu e did R s 9 . He ite Co ns, with Degrees not carry it to l — 1 6 . l Hist Pitt . 1 0. ﬁl artinism 7 7 l . 7 Paris unti C ave , , p , in 1 u 0 o t o f . Degrees, grew it 1756 L F in de en d In , the Grand odge of rance declared its p ”

d An la ise ou o f itl . ence , and ropped the word g t its t e It l decla r revised its Constitution, and adopted new regu ations , in tha t it w ould reco nize the three D e rees A rentice Fel g g g of pp ,

- - 1 i t Pitt . 1 9 H s . low Cra t a nd Master NL . l f , O Y C avel, , p and

120 .

P of 175 M. . Gél ire In 7, de St a introduced at aris the order , — 4 i l 1 Acta La t . 7 N oac hites. Le . 56 vesque, p ; Thory, , p ; V da

145 . F. . . Fezan dié Essa i &c . V , , , by , p This is absolutely all that we are told about the High De grees, so far as their administration is concerned , prior to “ Mr F oulho uze ﬁ A 1758 the year in which . nds the ncient ” A R 33 D e . l and ccepted Scottish ite , in g , precise y as it exists iz l E m at present, organ ed and working in the Counci of pe rors E and P . of the ast West, at aris 1 58 A er u &c. . 7 Levesque says ( p g , , p that in , certain M l S P asons, styling themse ves overeign rinces and Grand of Ofﬁcers of the Grand and Sovereign Lodge of St . John “ m o f E o f Jerusale , founded at Paris a Chapter mperors the a 16

E n d W in which on Masons as ast a est, they conferred such

o f a s m an a s tw ent ve. were fond many Degrees, y yﬁ L “ —1758 1 Acta a t . Thory says ( , p During this year — was established a t Paris a Chapter styled Chapter of the ’ Emperors o f the East and West. Its members entitled l ‘ P i M G l themse ves Sovereign r nces asons, enera Deputies ’ ubstituts Genéra ux o f the R l Art G W (S ) oya , rand ardens and

Ofﬁcers of the Grand and Sovereign L odge o f St . John of ’ Their D e rees o instruction w ere com osed o Jerusalem . g f p f ” twentyﬁve gra des.

Ma ona . . i l F zan dié Essa i Hist. sur la F ra nche V da e says ( g , p t ﬁ b Three years after (i. e. af er pro ting y the i l a disorders occas oned by a dangerous and lamentab e an rchy, the Rite of the Noachites was introduced into the Capital ; and the next year the Chapter o f the Emperors of the East W ﬁ for and est, which grati ed the mania degrees by the per ’ ” i e re S pe ctive o f its twentyy ve d g es.

th Ma onn. . 4 t R Or od. 8 e s agon ( c , p ) says, after sta ing the tablishm en t t 1758 i l of hat Chapter in , and g ving the tit e as i sumed by its members, as Thory g ves them a crowd ‘ twent ive de rees which the pressed forward to obtain the yy g , of retend d i tru ti th new ré i e was c m s e ns c on o e m o o ed . p f g p and, p 149 o f l L , after speaking the Temp ar system started at yon, A l the Chapter at rras , and the Chapter at C ermont, he adds “ Then comes the Council of Emperors o f the East and "

W i n P M with its twent - ve D e rees est, Sovere g rinces asons, yﬁ g , l ” eager y sought after by Master Masons. An d l h l he adds, that the century will hard y ave e apsed be ore I M w ill be a dded to 25 din f E GHT ORE DEGREES these , exten g o l the n menc ature to 33 . A gain (p . after once more stating the establishment of i il 1 758 i l o f b th s Counc in , and giving the t t e its mem ers, “ he says : Their Degrees o f instruction were composed of twent ve ra des l o f Heredom yﬁ g , under the tit e divided into l seven c asses, the doctrine whereof has for its basis the l Temp ar system . The Council was divided into Colleges in i l wh ch these c asses were conferred. l l Hist. P itt . 167 F l 1 C ave ( , p ) says our years ater , in 758, there was formed from the débris of the Chapter o f Cler

fl 17

a of the mont, new Body, which styled itself Council ’ Emperors o f the East and West. Its degrees of instruction ‘ ” c twent ive rades. wa s onsisted of yg g Its system, he says, the

Templar System . A the La orne mong members were c , the dancing master, and l Pirlet a a tai or named , who fterwards set up a new Body,

“ ' ” in 1762 t l o f E , s y ed Council Knights of the ast, with a Rite opposed to the Templar System of the Emperors of the l E 15 . n ast and West, and in Deg o y, ending with the Knight f M of o the East or of the Sword . ost the rituals were made — M . . 1 . a Tchoud . R Orthod. a 36 by the B ron de y agon, c p

l l Hist. Pitt. . 167. C ave , p An d ﬁ ll i i of Em na y, for further ev dence that the Counc l perors of the East and West originally worked only 25

Bé suchet 1 P récis Hist. . 37 Degrees, we refer to , p , and

Hist en . 1 . o R l . G . 63 N ebo d, p assertion was ever made, by ul t l the most unscrup ous par isan, more utter y devoid of any of a semblance or even shadow historical uthority, and more directly and positively contradicted by the best and all in the authority, than this, that the Council question ori inall dm - ﬁve g y a inistered more than twenty Degrees, and that the number was reduced by the Constitutions of 1762 . 1759 l l l P i In , this Counci estab ished a Counci of the r nces — of R l S t . 1 Acta La t. . 76. the oya ecre at Bordeaux Thory, p t r Ma . . 1 1. R O ho d. 7 agon, g p 1761 L n S In , acorne , the danci g master, pecial Deputy of M l H of en the Grand aster, and as such, rea ead the Order, L f niz raged because the Grand odge re used to recog e him, t G and its members to sit wi h him , established a new rand

L . L r odge Both Grand odges g anted Charters, and the Council of Emperors of the East and West constituted at

Paris and throughout France Lodges and Chapters . The “ O ld Lodge den ounced the Fa ction Lacorne which never — theles Le . 57. 1 Acta s continued to thrive vesque, p Thory, ’

4 . L t ints . 6 a . . 8 . L Ar he a p 7 c S , p In the midst of all this , on 27th A 1761 P N M RIN the of ugust, , STE HE O was commis io s ne d.

E of It is somewhat curious , while the Council of mperors ff the East and West is mentioned by di erent writers , that 2 a 18 D

u we have nowhere in our reading met with any doc ment

Mr. ha t na me. purporting t o emana te from a Council of t

- l a Foulho uze says it created Inspectors Genera ; but we h ve

t. nowhere seen any authentic ev idence of that alleged fac M t The patent to Stephen orin, appoin ing him Grand ” l In spector for the New Wor d, purports to be granted by

- l R al- Art G W s the Deputies Genera of the oy , rand arden

t . an d Ofﬁcers o f the Grand and S overeign Lodge o f S John l r — of Jerusalem, estab ished at the O ient of Paris that is, E W by the Council of Emperors of the ast and est ; for, such was th e title of the members o f that Goun cil ; and by the o M e u o Em erors S v . Grand ast r of the Grand Co ncil (f p ) of L o f F under the rotection o the S overei n the odges rance, p f g and d e F — LAC NE R Gr Lo g Of rance, that of OR , agon says, and we know that that Coun cil created and cons tituted Lodges

- G l P also, assembled by order of the Deputy enera , resi l E m erors in c s dent o i the G. Counci (cf p ) and on equence of a communication from Lacorne (o ne of the MEMBERS of said Council) Deputy of the Grand Master (the Count of ni t P M ur rt Clermont) , and K gh and rince ason and it p po s to be signed by the Deputy- General o f the Order (of the Em erors ll i i o f p ) , Chai on de Jo nv lle, Grand Commander the l R White and Black Eagle and S ov . Sub ime Prince of the oyal i of the al Art Secret, and Chief Of the em nent Degree Roy ;

n l. fﬁ of a and by others, Grand I spectors , Sub O cers the Gr nd Council and of the Grand Lodge at Paris and sealed with l of M te h of L d the sea the Grand as r, t at the Grand o ge, and of the that Grand Council. r f n l of E It emanated, the efore, rom the Cou ci mperors of E . i a l st. ast and West Two quest ons, however, will rise

. How could that Council be under the protection o f the L Grand odge of France, when we know that the latter iz l onl recogn ed and worked the three B ue Degrees y, and that the Council o f Emperors was actin g in competition with and encroaching upon the rights o f the Grand L od e ? 1 Acta — g La t m . . o 2d. p 78. How could the name and seal of the Grand M aster and Grand Lodge of the SYMBOLIC Degrees be used in a patent the object of which was to authorize Morin to prop — agate the RITE OF PERFECTION a Rite not recognized by the

” edge of most of the Degrees analogous to them in other ‘ them regimes and the object whereof was, to occupy il in o f M and ph o selves with every k d asonic, physical l an sophical know edge, the products whereof could have ’ inﬂuence upon the material and moral well- being of man, to — in t man , a word, to labor to res ore the intellectual in an d an d reinstate him , his rank his primitive rights whereby it is demonstrated that that Rite was no other than

- i sin e such is our doct rine the one which we to day pract se, c

ur ct and o obje . ’ 166 A N Orthodoane Ma onni ue . 164 165 R GO , in his g g , pp , , , w Ri 167 ll t o f t o , , gives us a pretty fu accoun the Primitive tes

M F ULHOUZE i ONE. r s which r. O has m xed up into We t an late the whole text literally

MI IV I OR RI or PHIL A ELPHI or A NNE . PRI T E R TE, TE THE D N RBO

1779.

This Rite was invented and established at Narbonn e on 19th of A 1780 t in S u eriors Gen the pril, , by cer a pretended p ‘ era l rea ter and lesser o the Order o the Free and Acce ted , g , f f p — Mason s such are the terms o f the Patent of Constitutions —It attac hed L des Philadel hes of the Rite was to the odge p , ‘

r L of . under the title of Fi st odge St John, working the ’ R r of Primitive ite , in the count y France, and in which L n M ll h' o m 27th odge it ra ked asonica y the of December,

1779 da i a . L , the y of its appl cation for nnexation The odge Phila el he s 1790 des d p printed, in , at the end of the list of its ‘ a members, curious fragment, entitled, General notion as — to the character and object o f the Primitive Rite a l — in in 8vo of 51 . are pamph et , pp , which found precise and l detai ed information in regard to the System of this regim e . “ M re It is formed by THREE CLASSES of asons, who ceive ten de rees of i g nstruction . The cla sses or degrees do not or r ades o f designate such such g , but are the gene ric names collections which need only to be developed to the utmost of are in an degrees which they capable, order to evolve l nﬁ u o f a most i nite n mber Degrees. Thus the six ﬁrs t De grees indicate the knowledge o f the grades analogous to w c those hich they omprise , that is to say 21

1 A . p rentice, 1st Class - . 2 . Fe ow Craft . In all the Bites. M te r 3. as .

rf r Pe ect Maste , 4 Un er th itl o . d e t es f

2d Class. 5 Un er the title of . d Sublime Ecoss ais . Kni ht of he wo g t S rd,

6. Un er the titles of h E d Knig t of the ast , Prince of J erusalem

l st . Cha te r of R p ose Croix. It poss esses those branches of knowledge which in some regimes settle the Masonic worshi and attract the eneration of a p, v reat man res ec table rethren g y p B .

2d. Cha ter of Rose Croix It is the osit ar of p . dep y

historical ocum en ts er curious in their kin con . d , v y d, nection and variet y.

all that Masonic h sical and hiloso hi cal knowle e , p y p p dg , 3d l C ass. whose products can ha ve an inﬂ uence upon the mate

rial and moral w ell- bein of tem oral ma n g p . 4th and last Cha t er calle Cha te r of THE Bnorn p , d p Ens Ro ss-0 m m or THE RAND Ross nr It assi u G . d ousl st u ies the s ecialities Ontolo —the science of y d p , gy, existence s cholo neumatolo in a wor all , P y gy, P gy, d, the branches of those sciences which are termed occult o r sec ret their Special object bein g to resto re the inte llectual m an to an , d reinstate him in, his rank and

s a Rite P rimit l n It appear th t the if estab ished at Narbon e, 1780 did no t s o f 33 r resemble R in , con ist Deg ees, nor a ite 33 e ﬁ n with sp ci ed and distinct Degrees, much more tha a hors e resembles a herrin g. — The Classes of that Rite did ne t betoken or in dicate d e — signa ie nt a knowledge of most of the D egrees of the other re imes a l ns a Ri e g but R gon mere y mea , th t as the t pre i INFINI m o f tended to teach every th ng, an TE nu ber Degrees m ight be developed out of it.

s . 166 Ragon say , at p r mi R e e The P i tive it was unit d to the Grand Orient, by L d des Phdadel hes r the o ge p , on a favorable repo t from the A r t r f i 1806. t Di ec o y o R tes, in the present day, it is no ' diﬁers f longer practised in France ; and it rom that which,

l in . we are to d, is professed Belgium — We again inquire whether it was f air to assert that the a 22

Ri sa me R 33 two tes were the ite, in Degrees, in the teeth t o f what is said by that good Mason and accurate wri er, Hi t JVIr Foa lhouze R ? Who is it falsiﬁes . agon that s ory, L la B onne Amitié o n The odge , at Namur, chartered the h F u 1770 in the P rimitive S cottish Rite o Edin 9t of ebr ary, , f

— - bur ~ - R re t g, where no ite bears that name, and char ered by F o n 24th 1808 the Grand Orient of rance the of June , , pro latter R to fesses this ite, and has never ceased, it says, cor respond directly with the Chief Metropolita n a nd constituent

B od o the Order. We must not con ound this sha eless Rite y f f p , which has thirt - three D e rees with the hiloso hica ll - conceived y g , p p y ”

ite a r nne. R of N bo So again says Ragon. ll in 1818 l l We sha add, that , circu ar etters announced iz P rimitive S cottish Rite the organ ation of a , which had been 1770 M li n G introduced at Namur, in , by the etropo ta rand Lodge of Edinburg ; a Masonic authority often invoked by C l or har atans, though never having had an existence, at le a l o n e least never a g .

This R of o f ir ite, modern creation, is composed th ty ta ken mostl rom the S cottish series st led tha t three Degrees , y f y Hered o om . B ro . Ma rche t a d f Its chief author was the , an vocate at Nivelles . Its jurisdiction never seems to have extended beyond ll o f N it the wa s amur, where was worked, as it seems, by the ’ “ L la n L A odge Bo ne Amitié . The odge des Vrais mis ’ l Un io n l Ar u of 29th de , at Brusse s, has an eopag s the De o f gree the Rite .

H the n l o f bastard in ere is nome c ature this régime, which und er the veil o Tem larism the J esuitica l D e rees re , f p , g p domina te :

A ren tice p , Little Architect p , Fellowcraft Gran Architect , d , Mast er , ublim e Architect S , erfect Master Master in r P e f . Architecture , P , Irish Master Ro al Arch , y , r Elect of the Nine russian ni ht P K g (A oa chite) , Elect of t he Unknown ni ht of the East , K g , Elect of the Fif teen rin , P ce of J erusalem , Illust rious Master Master of L o es , dg , erf ect Elect P , Kni ht of the West g , a 23

ni ht of alestin e K g P , Knight Kadosh,

Sov . rince Rose Croix ran Elect of the Truth P , G d . ublime Ecossais Novice of the Int rior S , e ,

ni ht of the Sun ni ht of the Interior K g , K g ,

ran Ecoss. of St An rew Prze fect of th Int erior G d . d , e ,

Mason of the ecret Comman er o th Interior S , d f e . ni ht of the lack Ea le K g B g ,

- R . l Histoire de la F ranc Ma onnerie Thus far agon C avel, g ,

. 64 65 l 1 1 . 7 pp , , gives the same nomenc ature ; and at p , he gives an account of the establishment and nature o f the Rite P rimit o f R . if Narbonne , agreeing with that given by agon l l l t The on y additions and variances are , that C ave says tha Rite was a modiﬁcation of that o f the Philalethe s (or Search P 1773 ers after the Truth) established at aris, in , in the L odge des Amis- Rennie ; the inventors whereof were S avale tte L V P de anges, the icomte de Tavannes, the resi ’ d Hé rico urt P o f H dent , the rince esse , the Bro. de Saint Gébelin l James, and Court de ; and in which were twe ve t o f L itt le classes or Chambers of Ins ruction, six and six of Hi h Masonr 2d vi R g y ; the di sion containing the ose Croix, l U l the Knights of the Temp e , the nknown Phi osophers, the S l P l Philale the s ub ime hi osophers, the Initiates, and the or

M Of all e . l l o f asters Degr es C ave adds , that the authors i R retended th s Primitive ite were unknown, but they p that r R EN LAND o f thei ite came from G , whence their use the “ F ree and Acce ll e English phrase pted Ma sons. Of its co e “ il o f l l tions or fam ies dogmas, whence cou d be evo ved an ” ll l o f i imitab e number Degrees, he gives the same account f l R o . as agon, who indeed borrowed much his anguage He M says too, that it taught the ystic Sciences, whose t i ll l to objec was to restore the nte ectua man , and reinstate i i i ” him in, his rank and prim t ve r ghts . 4th 27th of A The Consideration is that on the ugust, 1 61 the i l li 7 , Deput es Genera of the Order de vered, in the of G AN MA AND name the Count of Clermont, then R D STER

C or ALL THE L . M. s PROTE TOR ODGES, a patent of G In pector S te he n Morin z li to the Bro p , authori ing him to estab sh Lodges with the View of multiplying the Royal Order of A of Masons all grades in merica, and of there consti a 24

tuting Inspectors in all places where the grades were not ” established. P 1s in Besides the printed copies of this atent, there one il l the Ar chives of the Supreme Counc at Char eston, in the tiste Marie D e la Ha ue original Register of J ea n B ap g , copied Re by him from the Register of Hyma n Isaa c Long. The gis la H r mann ter of the Bros . De ogue is w itten throughout

ro rict i his p p , and authent cated by signature and that of Au uste dc Grasse Till l Alexa nder Francois g y, and the sea of the Sublime Grand Council of Princes of the Royal Secret i l l d l . at Char eston Th s, the o dest copy within our know e ge ’ i ll in Ra on s O rthodoxie extant, agrees substant a y with that g At hl a nni ue . 132 . : co q , p It commences thus the Grand “ o f Fr l o f M Orient ance, and by the good p easure his ost Serene Highness and the thrice Illustrious Brother Bour o f l P n l G M e bon, Count C ermont, ri ce of the B ood, rand ast r and Protector o f all the Regular Lodges and it purports “ : We l to be granted by , the undersigned, Deputies Genera

o f R l- Ar t W ﬁ G the oya , Grand ardens and Of cers of the rand

S L o f . l i and overeign odge St John of Jerusa em, establ shed P G d M te at the Orient of aris and we , Perfect ran as rs of the Gran d Council of the Reg ular Lodges under the pro “ te ction o f the Grand and Sovereign Lodge assembled o f G l o f by order the Deputy enera , President the Grand Council : and upon a petition com mun icated by the ‘ L o f o ur . Ill. R l s . espectab e Bro acorne, Deputy Th ” - M r M . to Grand aster, Knight and P ince ason It grants the E M n G El t P l m tienne ori , rand ec , erfect and Sub i e A M S li P all ncient aster, Knight and ub me rince of the of li M n o f Orders the Sub me aso ry Perfection, member of ’ r t i the R l L de la T ini e . oya odge , etc , who was about to sa l A i li a L o f St . for mer ca, power to estab sh odge John any in of Gl ll P er ect where the four quarters the obe, to be ca ed f Ha rmon i y , therein to receive cand dates and extend the R l Free M all l oya order of asons, in the Perfect and Sub ime n l the degrees , taki g care that the Statutes and Regu ations of Gra nd a nd S overeign Lodge in pa rticula r be kept and ob served ; with power t o regulate and govern all the - members of L to ﬁ . A such odge , and appoint its Of cers nd the Patent a 25

a Ma o f L of w a a k and pr yed all sters regular odges, h tever r n , z M enjoined upon them , to recogni e the orin, in his character of Grand Inspector, in all parts of the New W orld, appointed to enforce the observance of our laws, and ” Res s M . o f L L a P a r aite Ha rmonie nd as p aster the odge f , a it added : and we do by these presents constitute our vt ry .

. E n M our Grand Master Ins ector and dear Bro tien e orin p , do ‘ authorize and empower him to establish in any part of the l S l ” M . . wor d the Perfect and ub ime asonry, etc , etc It gave ‘ ' him full power to admit to the Sublime Degrees o f High Perfection and to create Inspectors in all places where l ” the Sub ime Degrees are not established . The Patent purports to be signed by the Deputy- General o f of e the Order, Grand Commander the Whit and Black

E S n P of R l- S agle , overeig Sublime rince the oya ecret and G S i fﬁ by us, rand Inspectors, ubl me O cers of the Grand Council and Grand Lodge established in this Capital ; “ and to be sealed with the great seal of our Illustrious M His M S H Grand aster, ost erene ighness, and with that of o ur Grand Lodge and Sovereign Grand Council ; at A u 27 1761. Paris, ug st ,

The AILL N J INVILL - signatures are CH O DE O E, Deputy Gen ' M ﬁ F eral o f W . of L the Order, aster the rst odge in rance , l S aint Antoine o f E i cal ed , Chief the m nent Degree, Com

S l P of R l . . mander and ub ime rince the oya Secret, etc , etc , L . R AN M G e etc . , the Bro Prince DE OH , aster of the rand odg ’ LAC N l Intelli ence S n M . g , overeig Prince of asonry OR E, G M R M o f Deputy of the rand aster, espectable aster the ’ l L de la Trinite . E oge , G lect, Perfect Knight, Sub ime Prince MA IEN AINT - IM N M . XIMIL ason, etc , DE S S EO , Senior El t P P M Warden, Grand ec , erfect Knight and rince ason, AVALETTE B UCKOLY etc. , S DE , Grand Keeper of the

l E M . Sea s, Grand lect, Perfect Knight and Prince ason, etc , A PIN A His H s T U , Grand mbassador of ighnes ,

G E P M M , rand lect, erfect aster, Knight, Prince ason M L des E n ants I L . LE COMTE DE CHO SEU , W aster of the odge f El M P e la ire . d Glo , Gr ect, Perfect aster, Knight and rince M C LENbNCOURT M of ason, BOU HER DE , aster M and u . E the Lodge de la Vert G lect, Perfect aster, Knight r a 26 M A E . M &c . LA aster Prince ason, BREST DE CH USS E, W

h L de l Exactitude G El P M , o f t e odge , rand ect, erfect aster B orde r o the Gra nd Lod e Knight and Prince Mason . y f g

l i DAUBAN TIN G El P M , a so s gned, , rand ect, erfect aster Knight M L S a int Al honse M W . , and Prince ason, aster of the odge p i Grand Se cretary o f the Grand Lodge and Subl me Council of the Princes Masons in France . L W The Grand odge, as we have seen, orked the three l G l o r l Symbolic Degrees on y and the rand Counci , Counci f E ' 25 O f R o f P or o mperors, worked the the ite erfection

Here do m l i l . , inc ud ng the same three Symbo ic Degrees The “ Consideration states the substance of the Patent with as

i Mr Foulhouze. not m uch inaccuracy as is usual w th . It is correct to say that it was delivered by the Deputies - General ”

o f l . Of the Order, in the name of the Count C ermont It “ i in ti l is sa d the cap on, to be granted by the good p easure he ra nt His M H &c . t ower of ost Serene ighness, but g of p is by the Wardens and Ofﬁcers o f the Grand and Sovereign f l P Ma L . o G s odge Of St John Jerusa em, and the erfect rand ter of the Grand Council Of the regular L odges under the i f : L . protect on O the Grand and Sov. odge ur ose t o f P The p p in so stating the purpor the atent, slight iff seems as the d erence to be , was unfair and disingenuous . ’ By representing Morin s powers as delivered by the D eputies General in of G AN MA AND C , the name the R D STER PROTE TOR OF ALL THE L ODGEs and putting the words GRAND MAiTRE ET P C ToUTEs LES L oGEs ll l ROTE TEUR DE in sma capita s, to indi t l ca e the importance Of the phrase, he meant to ead the e to l i t l read r the conc us on, tha the Count of C ermont was the Grand Master Of a ll Lodges and Bodies O f a ll Rites in France

as such M c o - his and , gave orin powers extensive with own, a ll a ll R over Degrees Of ites whatever . The Count of Cler G M mont was rand aster and Protector Of all the S ymbolic L odges that owed allegiance to the Grand Lodge O f France all that was . “ - G l The Deputies eneral were, de Joinvi le representing il E L a ssumin the Counc Of mperors , and acorne g to represent G " L . Mr . F the rand odge oulhouze says that they delivered o f G M the Patent, in the name the rand aster and so ignores a

Commissioners from the Council of Emperors of the East P i l o f Prl n ce s o f and West of ar s, and from the Counci the l Re l o f Royal Secret at Bordeaux, sett ed the gu ations the 35 A i l Masonry of Perfection in rt c es, and determined as i o f follows the high Masonic Degrees o f the doctr ne the

Council. 1 A copy of the Constitutions and Regulations of 762 is ueil des Actes du S u rem e Conseil de France given in the Rec p , printed at Paris in 1832 . But a copy evidently more correct is contained in the D E LA H Ar of B ro . Register of the OGUE, in the chives the il o ut 1798 Counc at Charleston, made in , and attested i a DE RA by his s gn ture and that Of the Count G SSE, from whom the Supreme Council o f France Obtain ed its copy :

3 . R and there is another copy in the same archives, in egister “ - AVEILHE o ut . EAN AP I made by the Bro J B T STE , Deputy

G l M - au rand Inspector Genera and Prince ason, at Port S on 10th o f 1797 Prince , in anto Domingo, the December, ; ﬁ l 1797 being a copy Of a copy certi ed at Char eston in June, ,

AA . by the Bro . HYMAN IS C LONG B l of ro . DE LA The tit e these Constitutions , in the H ’ R ll OGUE S egister, is as fo ows Constitutions and Regulations drawn up by nine Com i ad hoc S ub miss oners appointed , by the Sovereign Grand l il O f S l P O f R l ime Counc the ub ime rinces the oya Secret,

& & P li . c. c . o f t , Orients aris and Ber n Cons itutions and Regulations drawn up by nine Commissioners appointed by the Grand Council of the Sovereign Princes Of the Royal G o f P v t Secret, at the rand Orients aris and Berlin, by ir ue of the resolution of the 5th day of the 3d week o f the 7th M o f the H Era 5762 o f i Era onth ebrew , and the Chr stian

1762 . To be ratiﬁed and Observed by the Grand Councils

of li P of M the Sub me Knights and rinces asonry, as well as by the particular Council s and Grand Inspectors regularly i H ” const tuted in the two emispheres . ’ In AVEILHE S Register it reads thus Regu lations and Constitu tions made by the nine Commissioners appointed by the Grand Council of the Sublime Knights o f the Royal Secret and Princes Of Masonry at the Grand Orient a 29 of a in 5th da Borde ux, consequence of the resolution of the y 3d 7th M of H Era 5762 of the week of the onth the ebrew , or o f Era 1762 ﬁ the Christian , to be observed and rati ed by the said Sovereign Grand Council Of the Sublime Knights of the R S o f M all P oyal ecret, Princes asonry, and by the articular Councils regul arly constituted over the two Hemispheres ;

o ur B ro . M transmitted to Stephen orin, Grand Inspector of all L the odges in the New World, The 2d A l e t R Art As rtic e declar s, tha The oyal , or the o f F A M sociation ree and ccepted asons, is regularly divided r l into 25 Degrees . dist ibuted into 7 c asses which are A ” there given, beginning with pprentice , and ending with ” S li o f R l S 25th . ub me Prince the oya ecret, Degree

Art. 3d R By , the governing Body of the ite is shown to be The Sovereign Grand Council of the Sublime Princes of the Roy al Secret and it is provided that it shall be com posed o f the Presidents of all the particular Councils at Paris and Bordeaux. l 1 fﬁ h he . 7 Art . 6t t By , Gr Council was to e ect O cers i l Ins ectors l ff . annual y ten with di erent t t es, and seven p , who were to meet under the orders of the Sovereign Prince o r his

Deputy General . R l ﬁ The egu ations, in several of their provisions , de ne the ll l Powers o f the Inspectors, whom they genera y sty e Grand of iz In spectors, and the Deputies whom they were author ed S to appoint. They were to represent the overeign Grand F in Council in the Provinces and oreign Countries, visit, in i l spect, and preside subord nate Bodies ; and cou d within n their respective jurisdictions, in foreig countries, create and l constitute Lodges and Counci s, prohibit, revoke, and ex A l 14 15 16 clude , etc. and rtic es , and show that there was “ ” - l one Oﬁicer called a Grand Inspector Genera , who must at all to t have remained Paris, since answers letters, peti ions or and memorials were to be signed by him his Deputy, before being signed by the Grand Secretary ; and all regula

tions were to be signed by him or his Deputy, before being

sealed by the Grand Keeper of the Seals . The Inspectors

Art. 27 and their Deputies were, by , required to conform to The Secret Constitutions of the Sovereign Grand Council a 30

titutions in addition to which Anc ient a nd S ec ret Cons , it h l A is declared by t e preamb e , of the ugust Order of ” i M n R l t the Sublime Pr nces of aso ry, these egu a ions were adopted . “ : S ov The a ttesta tion to them is We, Sovereign of the li P of R l t the R ereign Sub me rinces the oya Secre , of oyal and Military Order of the Most Worshipful Fraternity of A t M re Free and ccep ed asons, have determined and do l t t t R l i so ve, hat hese present S atutes, egu at ons, and Consti An d do o t utio n s be observed . we rder our Grand Inspectors i u to i and the r Dep ties to cause them be read and rece ved, as ll all l il R l L we in particu ar Counc s, Chapters, and oya odges, as in all other Bodies whatsoever . Done at the Grand V l Orient of Bordeaux, under the Celestial au t, the day and ” year above mentioned . ’ The DE LA HOGUE S copy is certified by him and B r G o f the o . De rasse to be a true copy a copy deposited H MAN AAC L N the A i G by the Bro. Y IS O G in rch ves of the rand Council o f Princes o f the Royal Secret at Charleston ; ’ AVEIL HE S fi and copy is a copy of one certi ed by Bro. LONG to agree with a copy of the original transmitted to i ' M IN l h m B ro . FRANOKEN OR , de ivered by to , Deputy Grand Inspector in the Island of Jamaica ; and with that i i n l . L depos ted Char eston by the Bro ONG. The 33d Article formally declared the Degree o f Prince of the Royal Secret to be The S ublime a nd la st Degree of ” flf asonr G l fo r n y, and provided that a rand Counci conferri g l l it shou d be he d but once a year, and then no more than three of l ll to the o dest knights adepts a owed receive it . R l hf ) ; F oulhouze l Of these egu ations , is bo d enough to l st t reduced o f 25 assert , hat they the number Degrees to a n whe re and second, that they never were accepted y , in that

, or L aw the R respect by practice otherwise , as the of " ite, but l mere y embodied the theoretical notions of improve t i men of the r framers . No t f wri er speaks o their reducing the number o f Degrees but l o f cla ssi in arran in on y their f y g and g g them . They do ur ort not p p to reduce the numbers of Degrees and a ll the wr iters speak of the Council of Emperors o f the East and

a 31

m i West, as having fro its or gin worked only 25 Degrees . B ro EP The . ST HEN MORIN certainly accepted them as the of R law the ite , for he furnished copies of them to b is Dep utie s e k , and n ver undertoo to change the number, nomen clat ure o r arrangement of the Degrees . a n i If, indeed, these Constitutions made y change, of wh ch

we have no proof whatever, in the number of Degrees worked l o f E l ll by the Counci mperors, we shou d at once be compe ed to conclude that they increased the number for it was formed

debris o f o f " l of the the Chapter Clermont, whose sca e , as we

have seen, consisted Of a far less number and, besides, the w as t o increase reduce D tendency then and not to the egrees,

m R o r ' chan i n in aking a new ite g ng an Old o e . The Chapter o f l i C ermont was establ shed in 1754; and it does . not seem very probable that in eight years the scale would have ll 25 m swe ed to beyond Degrees, and then been di inished to

that number . l redue The simp e truth is, that this assertion about the tion of the number o f Degrees is but another instance of the

m a king of facts .

rt . 29 O f Ragon says (O hod Mag. p . 7) The object the Coun cil (in commissionin g MORIN) was to pre pagate beyond s its Ma sonr l Heredom P e ection IN sea y, sty ed that of or rf ,

- . T P N M IN rn TWENTY FIVE DEGREES S E HE OR , in his jou eys to the t A i co m Saint Domingo, and over vast con inent of mer ca, m u nicate d the 25 D egrees of the Rite of P erf ection and in his M I capacity of G. aster nspector he created Inspectors, as he ” had a right to do . Du onté s Cours P ra ti ue de F ra nc B ro . Chemin p says ( q 6 t M which then 1 8 . S Ma onnerie . 7 g , p In cot ish asonry, D e rees ff e ll F rench Ri had but 25 g , a ect d to ca the te , with its 7 Modern R l l Degrees, the ite , and to p ume itse f more than ‘ ’ Ma ever o n the title Ancient a nd Accepted Rite. Scottish

ﬁ l 18 . nr . so y seems to have had, at rst, on y Degrees By

the union o f several constituent Bodies, and reciprocal con l of its ré cessions in regard t o a start ing number Degrees, 25 33 gime was extended to , and afterward to Degrees 25 of R of The Scott ish Masonry in Degrees , whether the ite r of Here dom or Hero dom . . o of that Kilwinning or of a 32

1 l 176 , that of Heredo m of Kilwinning . certain y existed in and its Statutes were settled at Bordeaux in he Ill a Vidal Fé zan dié says (Essa i Historique sur la Franc M A Ao nnerie . t i go , p Sco t sh asonry, or the ncient and 1 21 ce ted i Ri in tro du c cd t F 7 , p Scott sh te, was in o rance in by persons armed with powers from the Grand L odge o f Edin it l n e w R l t burg. It governed se f by the egu a ions settled in l i il l the Memorab e Super or Counc , he d at Bordeaux in He is mistaken both as to the date Of its entrance into G L France , the pretended powers from the rand odge of Edinburg being forged ; and as to its being called the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite ; a name that is not n where met with a y until 1801. G Before the rand Orient of France existed, said the Count ’ ' MURAIB E l l D e l Inde endance des , in his pamph et, entit ed p ” Rites Ill a onni ues l P 182 7 c g , pub ished at aris, in , and at page 3 There was in France a Council of Emperors of the East M r of In and West, Sovereign Princes asons, whose Deg ees o f 25 who d struction were composed grades, constitute at P F L l aris and in rance odges , Chapters , and Counci s, which even conferred powers for propagatin g the Masonry o f Per fe ction o L l bey nd sea, and granted etters Capitu ar for the H r l igh Deg ees ; and there had been he d at Bordeaux, in 1 62 l l o f of the l 7 , that memorab e Counci Princes Roya Secret, l 35 Ar at which were drawn up and sett ed, in ticles, the Gen eral Regulations of High Masonry ; and where were fixed and classified the 25 Degrees that THEN composed the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite ; Regulations that became the General L aw of the Councils and Consistories established in F a nd R ill both rance beyond seas egulations st existing, which form the primitive Charter o f the Organiz ation of the An Ri l cient te, and the yet iving rule which governs it ; saving such modifications and changes as have been effected by the Grand Constitutions of An d , 1 whoever framed the Grand Constitutions of 786, it is undeniable that they were adopted by Scottish M asons as the law of Scottish Masonry and their very first A l rtic e is in these words All the Articles of the Con stitu t S , R 1 2 ions tatutes and egulations made in the year 76 , by a the nine Delegates from the Gran d Councils of Prince s of M o f S c are not asons the Royal e ret, which contrary to these l present Ordinances, are preserved in full force, and sha l ’ w are be observed but such as conflict here ith abrogated, ” and to be regarded a s expressly repealed. M A . IN A fter the Bro OR came to merica, he did not pretend an M a a i to propagate y other asonry th n th t of Perfect on, in

25 . 1801 . ﬁnd c Degrees Up to the year we no tra e, in A of an merica, including the West Indies, y higher Degree “ ” 25th or S of . than the , ublime Prince the Royal Secret ” a R a o f 25th We have sever l itu ls that Degree as the , made out about that time . It is true that the rank o f Deputy Grand Inspector- General had gradually grown to be regarded and given as a Degree but Grand Consistories or Councils o f Sublim e Princes o f the Royal Secret were the highest and governing Bodies o f the Rite.

M IN wa . old 1769 . s a In , Bro OR in Kingston, Jam ica In two R of 24th Kadosh ituals the Degree ( ) in our possession, is of this paragraph, by way note The Grand Inspector, M RIN u of L P c ETIENNE O , fo nder the odge of erfe tion, in a Con i tor of P n o f R S at . s s y ri ces the oyal ecret, held Kingston, in M 5769 Jamaica, in January of the asonic year , informed the Prin ces Masons that latte rly there had been some excitement a l at Paris, and investigations had been m de there, to earn ’ whether what the Masons styled Kadosh were not in reality the Knights Templar and that it had in con sequence been dete rm ined in the Grand Chapter of Communication of for Berlin and Paris, that the Degree should the future be ’ hi and l k E l styled Knights of the W te B ac ag e, and that ’ is the jewel should be a Black Eagle . It so styled in the M IN Regulations of 1762 and this note shows that Bro . OR accepted the determinations of the Body from which he re

ceived his powers, as his law. AVEILHE w as out 1797 The Re gister of Bros . made in , and LA H GUE 1798 an d 1799 that of Bro. DE O in , and in neither M is there any hint of any higher power in asonry than a S ublime Grand Council of Sublime Princes of the Royal

S ecret. DE LA H UE c The Register of the Bros. OG ontains as its 3 a 34

M ri ﬁrst entry the ﬁliation O f the powers O f the Bro . o n, as the D e ree of Inspector- Gen eraL It states that he gave g

- FHANCKEN G l . , Grand Deputy Inspector enera , to Bro at H AY M M. Jamaica ; he to OSES ES, at Boston ; he to PI Z l all the i G Bro . S T ER, at Char eston ; Deput es rand In

i . M li il P l l , spectors, in Sub me Counc at hi ade ph a to Bro OSES COHE N he to HYMAN ISAAC L ONG and he at Charles H DE G A MA NAN SAINT the . DE LA ton, to Bros OGUE, R SSE, G , A L R IN P I MARIE on 12th o f NO P U , OB , ET T and , to whom the

mb e r 1796 l ve , , he gave a Charter of Constitution estab ishing ublime Gra nd Council o P rinces o the Ro al Sec ret a S f f y , at

l t l . l Char es on, South Caro ina There was a ready such a il i i Counc ex sting at K ngston, Jamaica, which afterwards claimed and exercised the power Of control and censure over l i l that at Char eston, and by wh ch the estab ishment of the latter was recognized and approved . ’ i s . AVEILHE S R te o f There is in Bro eg s r, a copy the Patent M N o . H AA L t . MAN C N granted by Bro OSES COHE Bro Y IS O G,

the 12th 1794 . on Of January, f s M An d R o . H L K in the egister Bro OSES O BROO , in the A i of the l l rch ves Supreme Counci at Char eston, is the copy

P i RA N M. PI Z O f M Of a atent g ven by BE D S T ER, Prince asons

- G l and Deputy Grand Inspector enera , reciting his own crea P l l on 25th of 1781 tion as such, at hi ade phia, the June , , by a if N MI C LL Convention of Inspectors , and cert ying that JOH T HE , l of Kadosh Of Char eston, had been raised to the Degree , a ndf urther to the highest D egrees in Masonry and creating

- 2d O f him Dep uty Inspector General. This bears date the

A l 1795 . ll P F ICK pri , Then fo ows a atent granted to REDER “ AL C o n 24th of Ma 1801 N MI C LL D HO , the y , , by JOH T HE ,

— - K H . P . of K H . P , certifying him to be and rince the Royal Secret and creating him Deputy Inspector- Gen eraL

R B s D E LA H l O f In the egister Of ro . OGUE is a so a copy P t on 12th 1796 the a ents granted the Of November, , by H MAN AAC L N DE G A . D E LA H Y IS O G, to the Bros OGUE , R SSE, MA NAN AINT PA L R IN P I MA IE G , S U , OB , ET T and R , creating each “ P i atr arch Noachite and Sovereign Knight Of the Sun and

- o f K - H. , G I G l & Deputy rand nspector enera , c . , &c .

t 33d G as ye no Degree , and no Sovereign rand Inspectors

General. t it i The In spec ors, is true, had assumed mportance , and ll t probably usurped powers . Origina y , hey were subordinate

Provincial Ofﬁcers of the Sovereign Grand Council. In the F ul n o t Provinces of rance , they co d constitute subordinate

Bodies but only receive applications and report upon them . But in foreign countries they had the power O f creatin g and i i const tut ng. They were required to report, it is true ; but n ll i l l that was atura y very rregu ar y done and they, as nat u rall t l i y , regarded hemse ves as superior even to the h ghest

Bodies which they created. Recueil des Actes i o f F In the of the Supreme Counc l rance, ll O f 1762 if fo owing the Constitutions , as a part of, or to Institutes S ta tutes Re ula sequence , them, are certain , and g ” ions i iﬁ Adi t n h t n o C an ellor. Of uncerta n dates , cert ed by g , c Who di but he was, we have not succeeded in scovering ; as m 1 ° ' e &c . of 7 58 . these Institut s, , emanate fro the Orient N L at f i , they came rom K ngston, Jamaica, Of which that is the

l . l n l l st A i l atitude They are particular y oticeab e for the rt c e,

i l G - G O f wh ch dec ares the rand Inspectors eneral the Order, and Presidents Of the Sublime Councils Of Princes of Hi M l l gh asonry, to be by imprescriptib e tit e the Chiefs Of

4 . H M Art . l L igh asonry ; and , which dec ares them to be ife M i f embers Of the Grand Cons story . The copy o the Statute s c ertiﬁed t o on 9th A l 1801 is have been made out the Of pri , , by order O f the Grand Sovereign Consistory o f Prin ces M l o f Here do m etropo itan , to be transmitted to the Deputy Of the Grand Consistory established at the central point Of 1 ° ’ 8 47 . L at l l N , which is the atitude Of Jeremie , in the Is and o f Santo Domingo. Whatever the two Grand Consistories l di were , these Statutes at east show that, at that time , Bo es Of Princes Of the Royal Secret were the highest known in Scottish Masonry ; and that the Grand Inspectors - General were not more than Princes of the Royal Secret and Mem o f i bers the Cons stories . An d thus the fact that General Inspectors were created

un l O f E E not by the Co ci mperors Of the ast and West , does prove that the 33d Degrees of the Ancient and Acce pted Rite as a it were then worked R e. a 37

as we a 1801 fﬁ It is true , h ve said, that prior to these O cials l had assumed perhaps a higher rank, and certain y a greater degree Of in dependence than they were entitled to and looked upon and treated to some extent the rank Of Deputy Grand Inspector- General as a Degree ; and it was no doubt in consequence of this gradual assumption of power and ﬁ l d u prerogative , that they nal y embo ied themselves into S l preme Counci s, and increased the number Of Degrees to

- i i thirty two, besides the pres d ng Degree, in order to set on R l foot a new ite , and enab e them by prescription and the assent Of the fraternity of the Scottish Masons to consoli iz l l . all date and ega e their power Such has , in times , been o f M P no t the origin most asonic owers . They are formed l t by constituencies, as they shou d be , but they form hem selves ; and gain the consent and ratiﬁcation of subordinate l M G a Bodies and individua asons afterwards . The r nd L L G e of E odge acorne , the rand Ori nt, the Council mperors O f E W of E the ast and est, that Of Knights the ast, the Chap O f l t i P ter C ermon , the Scott sh Directories, the ower Of Misraim all i i R , the govern ng Bod es Of the Templar ites, and

S O . many other Bodies, were formed It is utterly untrue that the Constitutions Of 1762 reduced the number Of degrees worked by the Council Of Emperors ; f and equally untrue that this determination O f the number o degrees was never admitted and sanctioned in practice any not be where . They did reduce the number and they did

law u l R o f P come the , the f ndamenta law, Of the ite erfection, i and so cont nued, whoever made and enacted them, for

l ever where. near y forty years , y 1803 MAIN HACQ UET i An d when, in , the GER carr ed to P back the Rite o f Heredom from Santo Domingo aris, and des S e t Ecossais R t established it in the Lodge p , it was a i e in twent - ive i r , y j degrees, wh ch the Grand O ient bought Of him P o f G and made him, by way of payment, resident the rand — 0 3 7. R Orthod. Ma . . Consistory of Rites agon, c p “ V A As to the 6th Consideration, it is true that the ER

M N A INI &C. A CON INSTITUTA SECRETA ET FUNDA E T ORD S, , TQUE ” A S STITUTIONE S MAGNZE O f the Ancient and ccepted cottish of Ma l st 1786, , Rite, bearing date y , do in the Preamble In a 38

“ ro du c tion l r M t , dec are thei Object to be to restore asonry to the unity O f its original regimen a n d Of the pristine compo ” sitio n O f its ll its i l i lin . organs, as we as of orig na disc p e m l to its o wn l The prea b e says , for we prefer quote anguage l Wherefore , these reasons, and others Of no ess weight, impel us to collect together and unite into o ne Body and Art O f M all the R ites o f tti do c asonry, the Sco sh regimen, the trines whereof are generally acknowledged to be in the main the same as those Ancient Institutions which tend to a co m m on i l l m i centre ; and wh ch, whi e on y the a n branches Of the d er so much rom one a nother in their one and same tree, if f orm ula s now widel di used S O f , y ﬁ and yet may be easily Ri reconciled. These tes are those known under the several ‘ ’ ‘ names O f The Ancient ; that Of He re do m or Hairdo m ‘ i ’ ‘ A ’ that Of the Or ent Of Kilwinning ; that of S t. ndrew ; ‘ ’ that o f the Emperors O f the East and West ; that O f the ‘ ’ P i o f R l o f P P il r nces the oya Secret, or erfection ; the h O S O hical Ri R o f all p te and that most recent ite , known as ’ ’

Prim seval P m i . Wh the or ri it ve erefore , adopting as the O f o u r i l fi basis conservative reformation, the t t e Of the rst t R o f Of hese ites, and the number Degrees Of the hierarchy l do l all hen cefo r Of the ast, we dec are them to be now and unite d a re a ted o ne l Order ward and gg g into sing e , which, professing the dogma and the pure and u n defile d doctrines o f A Art o f M all the s stems the ncient asonry, embraces y of R i O f the Scottish ite , un ted together under the title THE ” N ACC P C T I I ANCIE T E TED S OT SH R TE . And it further declared that all the Degrees of all the Ri 1st 18th l l b e tes so united, from the to the inc usive , wou d the o f R P arranged among Degrees the ite Of erfection, each in l i l its proper p ace and order, and as analogy and s mi itude i l 18 fi requ red, and wou d compose the rst Degrees : that the 19th and 23d of the Primitive Rite should be the 20th o f the Order 20th 23d P or 4 h the and Of erfection, the l 6th and 2 t of Pri i i Rit l 21 the m t ve e , shou d be the st and 28th Of the Order ; the Princes Of the Royal Secret the 32d ; and the

S G - overeign rand Inspectors General the 33d that the 3l st g l t O De ree shou d be tha f Sovereign Judges Commanders, i and the Sovere gn Commanders Ktsm Kado sh be the a 39

3oth a O f a ; and th t the Chiefs the Tabern cle, the Princes of a a o f z the T bern cle, the Knights the Bra en Serpent, the of M o f Courtes Princes ercy (or , rather, y), the Sovereign of l Commanders the Temp e, and the Sovereign Ecossais of

St . A l m the 2 d ndrew should respective y co pose 3 , 24th, 25th, 26th 27th and 29th , Degrees . Of S O much the 6th Consideration gives the substance c c B u t orre tly enough. there is something else in this pre amble to be noted, in order completely to appreciate the

The preamble having previously declared that the Ancient Masons had been dispersed over all the earth ; and that this s s e di per ion had produced syst ms varying from each other, w l Rites a hich still exist and are sty ed , the ggregate whereof ” c omposes the Order ; it proceeds, after the speciﬁcation and o f arrangement Degrees above quoted, to add this All the Sublime Degrees o f the said several aggregated S R l cottish ites wil ,according to analogy or identity, be dis tributed among the corresponding classes of the Degrees of c to of the Order, a cording the regimen the Ancient Accepted

S c . nor ottish Rite But never, under any pretext whatever, can any one of those Sublime Degrees be assimilated to the 33d and most Sublime Degree Of Sovereign Grand Inspector of General, Protector and Conservator the Order, and last Degree of the same Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite : in no s ’ ea cas u any other person enjoy these rights, prerogatives, privileges and powers wherewith we do invest those In ” spectors . of a Thus the framers these Constitutions, decl ring their intention to be to collect together and unite in one Body all of S l a the existing Rites cotticism, se ect cert in Degrees from different quarters to form 31 of the Degrees Of the New and — Aggregated Rite for they do no t specify what shall consti d 18 R O f tute the 19th and 22 . The Degrees of the ite Per ﬁr 18 18 ﬁ s O f fection are taken for the st , and the rst Degree all the other Rites are to be arranged among them . Then 1 h r O f P v R above the 8t , two Deg ees the rimiti e ite are taken to form one and two Of the Rite O f Perfection and Primitive had Rite, to form two more. Then some other Degrees that a 40

— Kado sh r m Tem been before heard of, are taken the , f o the

Ri 30th S ov . plar Masonry and other tes, to make the ; the l M Commander of the Temp e, which de ontmain was giving l O f as a deta ched degree almost at the c ose the century, to A make the 27th ; and the Scottish Knight of St. ndrew, to P i O f R l S r make the 29th. The r nces the oya ec et make the ﬁve n ot sa id r 32d ; and then come Degrees , to be taken f om a n Ri ound y te, and which are not f in the nomenclature of

R 23d 24th 25th 26th 33d. any existing ite , to make the , , , and

“ As the ﬁrst 18 of all the Rites were to be grouped round the 18 R P 14 u Of the ite Of erfection, so round the next , p to and

l 32d a ll . inc uding the , were to be grouped the other Degrees ll l Of all the other Rites . But it was forma y dec ared that the 33d not like R su e was any Degree in any existing ite, but p ior o l r t al .

N o w ordina r l , an y man wou d at once say that here was a R i 32 l new ite made, by the aggregation nto c asses of equiv alen ts all 32 n , of existing Degrees ; each Of the representi g all l or to l O f others Of equa rank, analogous itse f most the 32 O ld b ut at l l being Degrees, four, least, certain y not be ong in to R nor l g any Of the named ites, found in the nomenc ature o f any Rite whatever and therefore probably framed at the to l time , serve as representative Degrees, the heads of c asses ‘ o f anomalous Degrees h om different Rites and that to com plete and perfect the new Rite or Aggregation of all Rites n and Degrees , a new Degree was i vented and a supreme l rank, with which no known Degree was to assimi ate as an l equiva ent. Ill r But . Foulhouze does not look at the thing in that light ll H i at a . av ng set out with the proposition that this iden

i l i l - A t ca , aggregated, compos te, new y constructed ncient and A Ri d l divers ccepted te had been practise on before, by — g M a ll -it asonic Bodies the Degrees that now compose , then — also composing it he marches boldly forward to tell us that n ow n ot l he has proven, , to be sure , exact y the proposition out t h O f he set with, but ano her, whic he treats as if it were l the course perfect y same . For t ll hi , he e s us by s 7th Consideration Consider ‘ in g that this avowal on the part O f the authors o f the a 41

- u is l above mentioned Instit tes, a proof that a l these Bites and Degrees were known and practised before 1786 ; that consequently the Count of Clermont was Grand Master thereof ; and that the right Of working and conferring the m formed a part O f the powers given in his name to Stephen M ” orin. A man who can seriously propound such an argument as that, is very much to be pitied . —he — n Because these Constitutions, which says were o t ” 1786 o f i ro made in , and are a forgery private s gnature , p f ess and pretend to collect together all the different Rites Of S M o o n e cottish as nry, distinct as they are from another, and worked and administered by different Bodies selecting part o ne R t of their Degrees, some from ite and some from ano her, n e w S as the cale to be conferred, and grouping the others w is l ll i ith them, that , practica ly annu ing them, and putt ng an entirely new Degr ee at the head O f all -this p roves that all these Rites and Degrees were known and practised be fore 1786 ; that proves that the Count of Clermont was the Grand Master o f all O f them and that proves that the right of working a ll Of them formed part of the powers given in his name to Stephen Morin "

Now, as to this most curious argument, there are several things to be said.

u or r l o f l st . S ppose the pretence p ofession or avowa i does all whomsoever made these Constitut ons, prove that these Rites and Degrees were known and practised prior to 1 6 —wha t the n on e 78 , Does that prove that could not make o f c a new Rite by selecting a certain number su h Degrees, i ? some here , some there, and arranging and combin ng them

n nt new D e rees in Rite Must o n e i ve g , order to make a new M i rinci les o la w Code us t o n e nvent new p p f , to make a new , ? o r new principles Of Theosophy to make a new creed Does Ri o r l so it prove that that New te, if you choose to ca l it , l combina tion , Of Degrees, was ever before worked as a who e u M ? and as a nit, by any asonic Body

M did 2d. If by his patent, orin take and become invested 42 with the power to work and confer all and any of the Degrees, ll the and in all and any o f the named Rites ; and if a De grees Of the New Rite a re t o be found among those Degrees which he was S O authorized to work and confer : then each im filia tio n of n l Inspector who succeeded h by powers, i c ud G la H M ll ing De rasse and De ogue, and John itche and t A l all in Doctor Dalcho and Doc or u d, and each became vested with the same right and power Of working and all O f t conferring Of those Degrees, or as many hem as they o f fin to R Pe rfec pleased . None them were con ed the ite Of tion with its 25 Degrees . Then whatever power a ny man to l o ut ever had, se ect certain Degrees Of a huge mass, each o f them had i li , and so to form a system w th a mited number fi Of Degrees and whenever that was done , the rst superior Body o f the new system had the right and power to make or adopt its fundamental law or else there never was a legiti i R l R . mate ite, nor any va id Constitutions in any te

’

3d. n e w i M u If this hypothes s as to orin s powers be tr e, then all the nonsense that has been emitted about super foetation Of Degrees by the founders o f t he Supreme Coun Th cil l or . e at Char eston, by De Grasse, is to be abandoned great argument of the advocates Of the Grand Orient always t M i iz l 25 was, tha or n was author ed on y to confer the Degrees Of the Rite de Perfection ; that they were all that he took him F e n or with from rance that he never possess d, did his

or their l deputies deputies ever possess , legitimate y, any higher Degree than that Of Prince O f the Royal Secret that l or G new either at Char eston by De rasse, Degrees, that ll in l rea y amounted to nothing, were , part, picked up e se

- ﬁve where, and in part invented, and added to the twenty , t ll n othin t o R l substan ia y adding g the ite , but eaving it essen tiall 25 . y what it was before , when it had but Degrees

They said that the framers o f what they called the new R l su osed Ri l ite mere y pp the existence Of Degrees, whose tua s it in E no r A were to be found ne her urope merica, and made o u t — — o f a single Degree o f other Rites the Kado sh their 3oth 3l t s 32d 33d. , , and

ﬁt having received the Degrees, sees to confer them and establish independent organizations thereof within their l jurisdictions ; because one , before he can impeach the tit e

ﬁ i l fﬁ i . Er o o f another, must rst prove his own t t e su c ent g , ulh uze " Mr. F o o had the right to set up a Supreme Council

t n its We express hat argument, we thi k, clearly, and with

. looks Mr N o w let . . full force . us examine it It plausible ’ ts se et tha t Le Foulhouze s a rgumen ldom g beyond . t us see whether it will hold water . If it were true that all th e Degrees Of this new Rite were O ld M M n diff Degrees, and a aster aso had gone to the erent i i i l l Bodies or nd v dua s previous y in possession of them, and

on e n l - he procured here and the other there, u ti had received all i t o r it l a them by ni iation communication, wou d cert inly be tr ue that he would ow e no allegiance to the governing i R n or law Bod es Of the new ite , be bound by any that they had enacted for it . n ot M all ﬁn d or If one, a ason at , were to in some remote

' l i O lder than M n new y discovered country, a Soc ety, aso ry, li working the three Symbo c Degrees, which those who established Masonry had borrowed from it ; and he were e dl l ther to receive those Degrees, undoubte y he wou d owe ll DIa son ic ll l no a egiance to any Power, so ca ed, but on y to the Association or Power from which he received the Degrees ; l l l its l no t and he wou d be bound so e y by aws, and by any un er O f Ma s r enacted by the yo g associations on y.

Mr. wh ? Does Bienvenu, the judge we have chosen, see y Simply because he would no t have received the Degrees f Masonic or i rom a Body Power, but have obta ned them l An d Mr. ulh u his e sewhere . if Fo o ze had Obtained Degrees f iff P o f rom d erent owers, older creation than the ruling Bodies of A A Ri ld the ncient and ccepted te, then he wou , on the l o w e ll l same princip e , no a egiance to those ru ing Bodies, but only to those from which he received the Degrees ; and the l l aws enacted by the former wou d not bind him, but only l those enacted by the atter.

Mr . Foulhouze , however, seems to think that to release himself from allegiance to the Powers Of the Rite in which a 45

r s his he received the Deg ee , and from Obligation to Obey the hi law of that Rite, it only needs for m to show that that law, was ﬁ O f the un re accepted as it by the rst Bodies Rite , and

and - pealed as it still remains, was not framed enacted by the im w r individual, h self ithout autho ity to enact, whose name a and m u it be rs by who it p rports to have been approved. — S omething else stands in his way besides that law hisf ormal an d al im lied l n m oath, so the p Ob igation imposed o hi by the very fact that he is a Mason. M has own ul a its asonry its pec iar l ws, which are of

M . essence , and without which it would not be asonry When m an z M th e a goes to an organi ed asonic Body, and receives e D grees which it confers, he either a member or "becomes H nd . e acc a subject Of it epts, as imperatively forever bind in if g on him, they remain unrepealed and unchanged, the a l ws, written and unwritten, which have been adopted by l i m that Body, or which resu t as corollar es fro the nature and l s essence o f its organ ization. If it be one of severa Bodie of u n or having a common centre nion and administratio , a i super or Power of government and administration, he , by l the mere fact of so receiving the Degrees, owes fea ty and ll off er ur a egiance, which he cannot throw without p j y, to such law c ommon centre or superior Power. One to which he i ate l inva subm ts, inﬂexible as F , one p edge which he gives riabl in a M r not nf y, every br nch of ason y, is that he will co er wi c the Degree so received, ll not reveal the se rets thereof, z except when legally authori ed so to do that is to say, ex ce pt in accordan ce with and by virtue Of the law of the Body o r a l from which he receives them, of its cknow edged supe

n d l or t o f ll rior. A his oath of al egiance , taci obligation a e h gian ce as strong and binding as a formal oat , by the very l l nature of Masonry, inc udes and involves in itse f this

pledge, that he will not set up a rival power against that or a under which he received the Degrees, gainst another in R n or an disre am ity with it, of the same ite ; in y way defy,

a m or . gard or attempt to we ken it, by schis dissension No a z man ever took a Masonic Degree, in any org ni ed Body,

without assuming those solem n obligation s . No man ever violated them without committing what Masonry regards a 46

u is as and deﬁnes as perj ry, and what perjury much as if the law of the land declared it S O and punished it.

Those Obligations can not be evaded, or the party released other from them, upon the pretence that Bodies and organi z ion older niz l at s, and Bodies and orga ations , cou d have been him l n found by elsewhere , from which he cou d have Obtai ed do i the same Degrees . That has nothing to w th the matter. l l l m If it cou d re ease from al egiance , or dispense fro obliga M n l to tion, aso ry wou d be at once overturned from p to bottom. A M e M R A and ast r ason goes to a oyal rch Chapter, there i applies for and obtains the four Degrees wh ch it confers. a nd ta ken the obli a Can he , after he has so Obtained them, g ti ns : o , turn upon the Chapter and say I discover that when l ﬁ your Chapter system was estab ished some fty years Since, l l t O ld you mere y se ec ed four Degrees, and made a new Rite M M te — ll M e M of them. The ark as r then ca ed ast r ark — Mason was conferred many years ago by L odges under the jurisdiction o f the Grand Council of Princes of Jerusalem of

S li . l outh Caro na I cou d have Obtained that Degree there, w ou ll i ithout coming to y , if those Bodies were sti in ex st

or . ence , had continued to exist You have no exclusive right to that Degree and I am not bound by the laws you

for . w f it w and on made it I ill con er , therefore, hen, where l M M L whom I p ease, and create ark aster odges within your jurisdiction The simple an swer would be You did not get the Degree

. You us elsewhere came to and Obtained it, as part of our

. R " Rite emember your oath If you do as you say you will, ” r you are perju ed. A Royal Arch Mason goes to a Council of Ro yal and S M e l a elect ast rs, ho ding Charter from a Grand Council which is to it the Supreme Power and there receives those “ Degrees. Can he say : I could have obtained these De grees from the Supreme Council of the 33d Degree of

. nall d Charleston They were origi y etached Degrees, given

s- by the Deputy Inspector General. You have no exclusive

. w c nf i i and proprietorship I ill o er them in your jur sd ction, set u d a ” p Councils an Grand Council there o f my own ?

8. 47

A L Profane goes to a Blue odge , and receives the three S l ymbo ic Degrees . Can he turn upon the Lodge which — ' L gave him the Degrees, and upon the Grand odge Of the : t State, and say I have discovered hat these Degrees are

. l M not original with you They are O der than asonry, as it no z is w organi ed . The O ld Egyptian Hierophants invented

. o f O ld M them They were the Degrees the ysteries . Y ou l m . did have no exclusive tit e to the You not invent them . ow e ou ll not I y no a egiance , and am bound by the law you

. ll M l r z have enacted I wi make asons as I p ease , o gani e L G L odges, and set up a rand odge here in your jurisdic tion An d would he strengthen then his position by add in : N or La w i g is your authent c . The ﬁrst governing R Body of your ite framed it, indeed, but it concealed the

of to i o fact its authorship , and give it a h gher sancti n , pre tended that Solomon w rote it down and enacted it as the

law . o u True , y adopted it, but it was a forgery and there fore I am n o t bound by it ? The ﬁrst known Body Of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish R o n e l in 1786 m ite , after the at Ber in, , which ade the Grand

i l o r Const tutions, was the Supreme Council at Char eston, on e O f i nf at Geneva, whose h story we have scarce any i or ﬁ mation. Whichever was rst, it adopted the Constitutions with the date 1786 as the L aw O f the Rite . That law so S il adopted, prescribed the number Of upreme Counc s, and limited the powers Of those who should attain the 33d De E gree . To each country in urope but one Supreme Council o was allowed to North America two . S far from disregard in v G F g this pro ision was the rand Orient Of rance , that it fo r Conn cil for contended near forty years , that the Supreme o f 1804 l France had by the Concordat merged in itse f, and l n o t w its cou d , ithout consent, withdraw from that compact S l ow n that, therefore , the upreme Counci in its bosom was the only true Supreme Council of France ; and that the S o f F other, the upreme Council rance by that name, was

ll and l . i egal irregu ar True , it attempted to fortify its posi tion by claiming .other titles also to the Degrees O f the l could nl art of Rite but these claims, if va id, extend o y to p has w on those Degrees . It al ays insisted the principle a 48

M i that there could be but on e legitimate ason c Centre in

France. " The Members o f the Grand Orient Obtained. the Degrees, l mediately or immediately, from the Supreme Counci of G France, created by de rasse , who received his Degrees at

Mr F oulhouze n r Charleston. . Obtai ed his Degrees f om the B di Grand Orient. Could he turn upon the governing o es of “ O ld of the Rite and say : Your Degrees are Degrees, all

. l them . Y o u have invented no new ones I cou d have gone r to this power and that, and obtained part Of the Deg ees

l ot all. from one , and part from another, unti I had g them

You have no exclusive title to any Of them . Therefore, I owe ou no allegiance to any of yo u . I am not bound by the law y ll f have adopted. I wi con er the Degrees and create inferior Bodies and a Supreme Council within the jurisdiction of one ” o f you and in S O doing I will Offend no law Of Masonry ? The simple answer would be You did NOT get the D egrees w r An d G else he e. if he added that the rand Orient Of France G the l now repudiated the rand Constitutions , equal y prompt n n and decisive a swer would be, that admitti g her power to do so ff O f ,e. that had no force or e ect beyond the limits France ; and that no other Supreme Body Of the Rite had i assented to that repudiat on. And then steps in that great fundamental unwritten and n n law M e i ter ational Of asonry, which the necessity for peac and the permanent interests of the fr aternity have made a n i l l e law i ﬂex b e, genera , and omnipot nt that within the on e z O f jurisdiction Of organi ed Body any Rite, when that ﬁ w or jurisdiction is de ned by agreement ith other Powers, l no M by c aim long asserted and acquiesced in, other asonic R ll l n o in Power of the same ite, and sti ess individual, can terfere with the prerogatives Of such Body, or do any act l l that it be ongs to itse f to do, against its consent. It is the i ossession cla im and rescri ti . doctr ne Of p , , p p on i ri c O f This doctr ne, the doct ne Of peace, the do trine pre all l scription on which tit e is founded, would even forbid those who have received the same Degrees in another asso ciation l , from vio ating the Sovereignty O f a Masonic Power c ri dm by onfer ng the Degrees it a inisters, and creating a 49

B w k suc odies to or h Degrees , within the limits of its juris A diction . Royal and Select Master who has Obtained those r m S l t o Degrees f o the upreme Counci at Charles on, cannot g i a Sta w and nto te here there is a Grand Council, there con and fer the Degrees create Councils . True , he owes that Grand Council no allegiance but his action would be i a L a a Ma aw . g nst the Gener l sonic True, he received them as no t Ri or of R detached Degrees, and as a te part a ite, t an an la w o f a wi h org ic its own but the great fact rem ins, do m a an d do n that they for Rite, possess an orga ic law, in the State where he atte mpts to confer them an d that they are there under the government of a regularly organized ra Ma body, with whose prerogatives, therefore , the Gene l

sonic law forbids him to inte rmeddle .

Mr. Foulhouze his m If had received Degrees , some fro the c t cto Ar a S ot ish Dire ries, some from the Chapter of r s , some

M - L il h c R t from the other odge Of the Ph osop i i e , some from the S i R trict Observance , some from the Primit ve ite at a and none r a n A Ac N mur, f om y Body of the ncient and cepted R til M la w l l ite , s l the general asonic wou d peremptori y for c se t bid his invading the jurisdiction oi a Sup. Coun il and R : of c ting up there an other standard of the ite ourse, he H l e oined uld if h . e co do it, he c ose cou d not be nj and B ut w l the of l t prevented. it ou d be duty every egi imate Masonic Power in the world to place the seal O f its conde m

i- c nation ou this u nm ason ic and ant masonic a tion, by at once expellin g him from every bran ch of Masonry to which he had all M w belonged, and prohibiting asonic communications ith

him or his followers. '

not a , but And, as he has obt ined the Degrees elsewhere f R Law the from a Body o the ite , he must respect the of l e is of ad Rite and when he vio at s it, he guilty perjury in

l a t o n 1804, dition. The Supreme Counci Charlest n had, si ce l l m L as h n at least, persiste nt y c ai ed ouisiana wit i its juris

ag i car rciscd a c . diction. It had over and a n th t jurisdi tion e the ﬁ NO Masonic Power contested it, exc pt rst Grand Con and L an a . sistory of ouisi a . which had ce sed to exist the

Supreme Council created in 1839 . Of that Supreme Council i e n was . m O Mr. Foulho ze a subject It was Supre e ver the R t 4 a 50

L . , in ouisiana, or it was nothing If it was nothing there was no Power in conﬂict with that at Charleston . Being

its all its u i . supreme , action bound s bord nates and subjects It conceded the justice of the claim of the Supreme Council at Ch arleston, submitted to its authority, and, by a formal t l . A Treaty, surrendered its powers fter hat, the c aim of the Council at Charleston was undisputed by any Power P ha d competent to dispute it. The only ower that done so l uze i Mr. F u ho i l . o had y e ded , be ng within the jurisdiction of l l l the Supreme Counci at Char eston, was, by the genera M L aw its M l asonic , asonic subject, bound by its aws and it ll ll owing a egiance and if he even owed it no a egiance , if

- s . G he remained an independent Sov Inspector eneral, he was equally powerless to confer the Degrees and create t Bodies within its jurisdiction which n o w n o Masonic Power

- l di it . sputed with But in truth, an Inspector Genera is W l law to il ithin the genera as jurisdiction and amenab ity, as He uri di much as an Apprentice Mason is . is under the j s c i of l l o f t on that Supreme Counci , within the imits whose i i Mr u h uz . F o l o e jur sd ction he resides When . resigned his in l a l membership the Supreme Counci t New Or eans, he

. W i became its subject hen it ceased to ex st, he was the t of l or subject ei her the Supreme Counci at Charleston, of

G . the rand Orient In the former case , he is a rebel ; in the l the o f dl P atter, an invader of territory a frien y ower ; in M ni either case , a disturber of the aso c peace , doing injury to the Institution, and worse injury to those whom he de ludes by sophistry and inexcusable outrages upon historical truth.

Mr 5th . . Foulhouze or has here shifted his ground, rather has endeavored to hedge , against what he had averred as his to rical truth in the ﬁrst and second Considerations wit one l A A R as to , that identica ncient and ccepted ite, a R all 33 ite , and with its present Degrees , was worked as a w l ho e and a unit, in the time of the Grand Mastership of u o f l M the Co nt C ermont, by divers asonic Bodies . We hold him . He t f i to that averment canno escape rom t. Now he l c aims only to have proven that all these Bites and Degrees a

l they give nothing. Vassa , it is true, undertakes to do it, bu t the ceremonial which he gives for each is his o wn inven

m t t . tion. Other writers ad it tha here never was in France a An d the 33d genuine Ritual of either of those Degrees . , if all the Preamble is to be relied on at , was originally a rank F onl H of and authority belonging to rederic y, as ead the Ri l o n te , and devo ved by him certain persons as his suc o And all l cess rs. even if that is a fab e, yet it none the less proves that the Degree was a new invention.

“ h a rea t he annot 7t . The of authors in question c be said to prove that any Rites or Degrees in pa rticula r were known It o f 1786. and practised prior to is but the statement one, two l of , or more persons as to that, and on y a portion the ru evidence on the point. It might be t e, or it might be l m t e R fa se. We know fro o her sourc s that some of the ites

were o ne all. named practised, and perhaps in sense, These authors were not particularly accurate in the nomenclature of the Rites which they proposed to combine into one . ei ht R Rite They name g ites, but there never was any such as f t Andrew nor o f the Em erors o the Ea st that o S . as that p f a nd est n or W , by that name , as contradistinguished from that of P erfection nor as that o f Kilwinning as contradistin “ uished r of Heredom Herodom ' or Ha irdom i g f om that , , ord ” r r n a ily called the Rite of Hé edom of Kil winning. Nor were they more accurate in regard to the D egrees of i i ﬁ the d fferent Rites . They prov de that the rst 18 of ea ch Rite shall be arranged with the ﬁrst 18 o f the Rite of Per fection but the Ancient Rite had but the three Sym bolic Degrees the Philosophica l S cottish Rite of Paris had but 15 ; Philoso hical S cottish Rite o the S cottish Mother L od e the p f g , M l 18 18th originated at arsei les , had but in all, the being the of the S un ; and of the 33 Degrees of the P rimitive Rit of 18th l e Namur, the was on y the Prince of Jerusalem .

To make their arrangement correct, they should have as signed to the first 18 Degrees the first 22 o f the Primitive Ri fi 6 o f o n e P l l R te , and only the rst hi osophica ite, and the first 8 of the other the 6th o f on e and the 8th of the other being the Rose Croix. 53

s Beside this, they omitted to mention some o f the most R ; l Eclectic G important ites as for examp e , the , in ermany, R ormed of and the ef , Dresden, practised by the four Scottish F Directories in rance .

8th . Mr . Foulhouze If, as and his adherents are never o f i weary repeating, the Constitut ons of 1786 are a bold ” an a ux en écriture rivée forgery, f p , and to be assigned to a t l 1786 how r da e much ater than , do they p ove that all these Rites and Degrees were known and practised before 1786 ?

9th. t Suppose that fact proven, by them or o herwise, how ’ does it follow that the Count o f Clermont EN etait te Gra nd — — Ma itre was the Grand Master thereof oi a ll those Rites “ ” D e rees a ct and g This is another f , the proprietorship of

l Mr . Eonlhouze the i of ﬁ which belongs whol y to , by r ght rst l m l discovery. The Count of C er ont was e ected Grand Mas G L o f F En lish ter of the rand odge rance , when it was the g G L ldi rand odge , ho ng and working under a Charter from l l the Grand L odge of Engla nd. It was exc usive y a S ymbolic

Grand Lodge . Under that Charter and by that name it l worked fr om 1743 to 1756 . Then it declared itse f inde ”

L of F . W ﬁ pendent, as the Grand odge rance hen it rst m E l R l i received its Charter fro ng and, it adopted egu at ons i a ll S i which denounced and d sowned the cott sh Degrees. It did not change these regulations when it became inde L of L was pendent. When the Grand odge acorne united i i i with it, it seems for a t me to have admitted the super or ty o f a dministered worked the Scottish Degrees, and or them ; in 1766 2d o f l and , on the October, it refused to estab ish o f w lf — 1 Acta Chambers those Degrees ithin itse Thory,

L - l S m 88. l at. . t p The simp e ruth is , that it was a ways a y bolic Grand Lodge and the Count o f Clermont was Grand

M o f re ula r L S mbolic M of aster the g odges , and y asons

NL . He France, O Y may also have been at the head of the E E Council of mperors o f the ast and West, or the Grand Council ; but that was certainly only a nominal dignity ; and at any rate it was n ot a part of his prerogative as Grand M aster . An d the truth also is that the different Powers that a 54 granted Letters of Constitution for Bodies to work in the tti r tl i G Sco sh Deg ees, were perfec y ndependent of the rand L 1766 it t t o did odge . In , under ook suppress them ; but — — Y d 1 Acta Lat. . 87. not succee Thory, p ou cannot open a o f M r o f Masonic work that treats the ason y those times, i i without ﬁndin g ample evidence o f their ent re ndependence. l o f E l The Counci mperors, the Chapter of C ermont, the of A il at P il i Chapter rras , the Counc Bordeaux, the h osoph c M L ir all rival other odges, the Scottish D ectories, were

Powers o f the Grand L odge.

A l n di l 0th. curious idea has o g obtained about juris ction E l tl il ﬁn d : G over Degrees . very it e wh e we it said the rand i i ’ L of F o r G . odge rance , the rand Orient, has jur sd ction over R o r tra ns er such and such a ite , such and such Degrees, by f i from the g overning Body o f the same . The dea is perfect An vi ha s in nonsense . indi dual such Degrees as he has vented o r ll received i l o f , lawfu y , assum ng the ob igations the A o f such l same . Body, composed individua s, can work such G of Degrees . No other Body can. If the rand Chapter Royal Arch Masons of L ouisiana were to transfer its Powers

the G L l t i . to rand odge, it wou d amount to no h ng The G L l l v members of the rand odge , not having regu ar y recei ed l m l the Chapter Degrees, the Body cou d not work the , cou d f l have nothing to do with them . The Count o C ermont could only be Grand Master as to such Degrees as he had l regularly received. He was an abso ute stranger to all that n i G n L s of he had o t rece ved . The ra d odge was compo ed o f representatives o f the Blue Lodges . Some them had the

i n o t. B od as h gh Degrees, and more had Of course the y, a

i t o r . Body, had no jur sdic ion over them, concern with them We do n ot kn ow that the Count o f Clermont had ever re ceived a ny of the Scottish Degrees . There is no t the least reason to suppose that, if he had, he had ever gone beyond i P l n o t o n e those of the R te o f Perfection . robab y man in F all o r lf o f rance had received , even ha the Degrees which every Body was then manufacturing : and of course no on e l i i all n or on e G Body cou d have jurisd ct on over , any rand

Master be at the head of all . 55

11th. 7th l But the Consideration goes sti l further, and ’ onse uentl M P claims that, c q y, again, orin s atent gave him the ri ht ever o f all g to work and confer y Degree the Rites . His o r o i Patent, a thousand Patents, c uld give him the r ght to o work and c nfer n o other Degrees than he had himself reg ularly received o r should invent and as he never pretended

o o f 25 o f P the re sum to g outside the Degrees erfection, p p t in o f on ion is that he was possession no other ; and , the w ere i o f fiv e his other hand, if he in possess on hundred, Patent from the Grand L odge and Grand Council o f France could give him no power to work or confer any other De a l to o w n grees th n be onged their systems . These are ideas so l l l l perfect y simp e and fundamenta , and so undeniab y true , o n e l fin d that wou d be surprised to them controverted, if l i i that were done by any other person than a og c an, who can crowd as many errors into a paragraph of six lines as there are words in it. It would be diffic ult to decide whether the 7th Co n sid ” ' i i hav e / n o w i o fien ds erat on, wh ch we d ssected , most against l l o f l i historical truth , the very e ementary princip es og c, or against common sense . 8th n t The Co sideration refers to the statement, in a no e ’ — 38 43 d. v ol. 2 . Oliver s La ndm a rks Am . E to , p , note , and — 45 t 1763 M M. l. . 52 L Ed. vo 2 ondon , , p , note tha , in , oses H to R l li ayes proceeded hode Is and, where he estab shed a Council of the 33d and conferred the Degrees o n several “ ” persons, etc. as a fact demonstrating the correctness “ ” and force o f the 7th Con sideration. li o n The Bro . O ver further says that among the persons M whom he conferred the Degrees, was oses Seixas, who was L o f R l afterw ards Master of the Grand odge hode Is and, and ll to whom he gave authority to confer a the higher Degrees ; 1801 a nd then the B rethren which he held until his death in ,

Consistor o N ew Yorl . He pla ced themselves under the Grand y f e his Hi stor gives n o authority for this statement and into ” m et ical Landmarks , he puts everything that he has ever l o r 3 g 258 with, whether re iable not ; as when in note at pa e

' m ll l m akl n Col. of the same volu e , he fo ows C avel in g l to e ; ﬁ 1797 Mitchell and Dr. Da cho hav been Jews and xes a 56

a s the date when they created the 33d Degree . The state

li l l . ment o f Dr. O ver is simp y a udicrous mistake z We have ahe ady shown that neither the Brother Spit er, o r L t Cohen ong, or any Deputy Inspec or after them, deriv 1 in l M l 180 , g tit e from orin, ever c aimed prior to to be any - Gen thing else o r more than a Deputy Grand Inspector

P i o f R l o f 25th . eral, r nce the oya Secret, and the Degree They invariably styled themselves Deputy Grand Inspect “ — o r e or G or General D puty Inspector, rand Deputy

it P in M . Inspector, with the add ion of r ce ason, etc The

ﬁgures 33 never appear until 1801. The ﬁliatio n o f Powers from Morin states that he com m u nicated the Degree of Deputy In spector to the Bro i M M Fran cken . , at Jama ca he to the Bro oses ichael

B r B n d M. z . H an d o . are ayes, at Boston ; he to the Spit er H l i 33d If it were true that the Bro. ayes c a med to be a , and i o f 33d it t created a Supreme Counc l the , is very curious tha l B ro . z the Spit er did not take the same tit e , and that among the number of Deputy Grand Inspectors appointed after o n e l o i 33d wards, no ever assumed the tit e , nor created a

l . Supreme Counci , of that Degree At i o f l l the Convent on Deputy Inspectors at Phi ade phia, 1781 oll w : l in , the f o ing were present So omon Bush, for l ni for Pennsy va a Isaac da Costa, the West Indies and t A fo r li S Nor h merica Simon Nathan, North Caro na amuel

M the L l B are n d M. z for yers , for eeward Is ands ; Spit er, G i R l for o n e eorg a and Thomas anda , New Jersey ; and not of them claimed any higher rank than that o f Prince of the Royal Secret and Deputy Inspector- General ; and as such l S l ll l on y, o omon Bush addressed the fo owing etter to Fred G 2d 1785 eric the reat, on the November, , which may be P l l hi Mi l th seen in the hi ade p a rror Keystone of Ju y 5 , 4 21 185 . 2 , p

Mosr SUBLIME AND POWE RFUL SOVEREIGN "

Illus ri t ous Chief of the Gra nd Council of Masons

In the digniﬁed and exalted rank which you have done us

i in P residenc the honor to mainta n, your generous y over the a 57 two hemis heres at a E B i w me a p the Gre t ast of erl n, allo to p proach your ROyal Presence on a subject of the ﬁrst moment — to ourselves and on a subject which I would fain hope will not sound unpleasant in the ears of our Great Thrice Pu isant and Grand Commander whom I take the liberty to address . But with what language or sentiment shall I presume to S l S introduce myself to so plendid and I lustrious a overeign, i whom we have reason to cons der as the best, the bravest, and brightest o f mankind ? In what manner or in what language shall I address myself to the gloriou sa nd renown ed Third S of S Frederic the , overeign all overeigns, and mighty i c of c a Pr n e Prin es, whose massive f me has resounded un w l or through the iverse, as far as inds have b own waters rolled ? The power of words can scarcely convey the dis tin uishe d n v g feeli gs we entertain in your fa or, and my hum o f ow n n l on u ble pen, as conscious its i abi ities, s ch a topic,

ﬂows in a gentle and trembling style . w r fu Possessing, ho ever, eve y respectful and grate l idea which reverence can dictate and brotherly love inspire over i n pleased above every consideration with . your S e g guida nce of the Gr a nd Council of the spacious Hemisphere P rinces—I l ll l of Kni hts and feel myse f ca ed upon, as wel g — from duty as inclination as well from a desire to advance o f Ro al S ecrets s and propagate the interests the y , a from a conformity to the regula tions and establishments of the Grand Council—and a compliance with the particular de sires and partialities of the Sublime Grand Chapter Over o ur which I preside, to acquaint worthy and much beloved at E m l n Brethren l n Council convened, the Great ast Ber i , that under the smiles o f Heaven and the direction of the Al A S mighty rchitect of all things, I, olomon Bush , Grand E P o f E t e lect, erfect and Sublime Knight the as and Princ i Sun of Jerusalem, S overe gn Knight of the , and of the Black E P rince o the Ro al S e ret De ut In and White agle , f y c and p y

s ector eneral M all L , , p G , and Grand aster over odges Chapters and Grand Councils of the S uperior Degrees in North A S o f l a o L merica, within the tate Pennsy vani , y etters Pat ent from the S overeign Grand Council of Princes under a 58

their hands and seals regularly established by the Sublime — ka Grand Council of P rinces to whom we look with un spe a — ble reverence and adoration pursuant t o the P owers in me tit t li vested, have made , created, cons uted and es ab shed a t E o f P il l i P Sublime Lodge at the Grea ast h ade ph a, in enn i an d t A i o n the 20th sylvan a, Nor h mer ca aforesaid, and day 1 85 in the o f o f September, 7 , presence a great and numerous l F li l assemb y of the raternity, pub c y consecrated the same f l M and set it apart for the purposes o Sub ime asonry forever.

i o ur i i i in Consider ng nfant s tuat on, a young and rising i m G t E empire, d stant and re ote as we are from the rea ast of l l l l l n f l Ber in, we fee ourse ves pecu iar y a xious uni orm y to comply with and pay a strict adherence’ to those salutary l i re ulations ra med con ru es and w se g , which have been f and certed or our better overnment no t dl f g , and undeserve y have M li M to di rose asonry, Sub me asonry, a comman ng eminence

' which may be envied b u t c an n o t be overreached. Fo r this purpose we most humbly solicit your Masonic i in m an intercourse and correspondence, to d rect us such a — ner that we m ay n o t abuse the old L and m a rks o r deviate fr om that regard which is so justly due to the Will o f our r an d the la w o ur Sove eigns, measures they y do n for regu A ll latio n s. s these intercourses are essentia y necessary to the of M U so promote grand ends every asonic nion, we ven t t t li of ture to hope , wi hout presump ion, tha the great ght l ill l Ber in w condescend to shine upon us, and dispe the o f i r d o f l mists darkness wh ch , f om istance situation and loca m circu stances , may otherwise surround us . A l to the R ules o the Grand Counc ils greeab y f , I now enclose you a list o f the members of o u r L odge in the prescribed We th form. wish e Grand Council every success and pros perity in their illustrious pursuits for the honor and stability of the R l — i n ou m oya Secrets and w shi g y , ost respected e li i i ul Sover ign , that serene happiness and fe c ty wh ch sho d adorn the remainder of your v enerable days and gild the f t o ur l th sin u ure prospects of we fare , I remain , with e most l l cere respect , ove , and esteem, your very humb e and most ff a ectionate Brother, S L M O O ON BUSH. a

M ror off orgery in asonic documents, and are so hypercritical t o f 1786 l l in regard to the Constitu ions , shou d so unb ush ll l in gly repeat a statement which a the wor d knows to be l l o n e i t fa se , and mere y of those p ous frauds hat have been used so often in Masonr y as well as elsewhere . o f historia n his z What would be thought a , who, in eal to i l o l establish a controverted po nt, shou d g to unre iable c i t l sour es, and p ck up and repeat, wi hout be ieving them to u t i be tr e , the mos absurd assert ons of interested parties , to sustain the theory o f which he was the advocate ? The business of the historian is to apply his critical acumen to all to l l i that purports be historica , and by carefu scrut ny i i o f of l s t and we gh ng evidence and even probabi ities, to if

the i l . mass, and determ ne what is true and what is fa se E on e li l o f ven in an argument, is not at berty, by the ru e any n o f i t o l k own code eth cs, quote and re y upon authorities which he has no reason to believe true . This pretension of the Supreme Council of France was put forward solely to rebut the claims of the Grand Orient to n of A A R Air the ow ership the ncient and ccepted ite and . F oulhouze l o ne o f ﬁ to i l i i wou d be the rst res st a c a m , wh ch, e l at h i if tru , wou d demonstr e t at the Body wh ch made him 33d l i l or a , never cou d have had any t t e to the Degree

Rite . The time o f the establishment o f the Supreme Council of France is as perfectly well known as any other fact in his tory. It was established by the Count DE GRAS SE

TIL LY ; w ho had been made Grand Inspector - General l at Char eston, and was appointed by the Supreme Council at that place Commander for the Windward and Leeward l of A R i French Is ands merica, and its epresentat ve there, on 2l st F 1802 P the of ebruary, , by a atent, an authentic copy whereof is in the Ar chives at Charleston and by which also m he was ade Deputy Inspector o f that Supreme Councilf or the tw Hemis r o he es. P to 1802 p rior June, , he w ent to Santo i l l Dom ngo, and there estab ished a Supreme Counci , which on 2l st F 1803 o f l the of ebruary, , consisted himse f, as Sov erei n B ro . DE LA H L t g , the OGUE as ieutenan , and the Bros . Lours HE EAN Lours MIC L AL A MAN RO, J HE D ET, R D CAIGNET, a 61

ANTOINE BIDEAIJD IE R G RV , and P R E E AIS NICOLAS TOUTAIN. We have the irrefutable evidence of this in the Registe r of B IDEA Bro . UD our s . , in po session From Santo Domingo to F c he went ran e, and there established a Supreme Coun cil 22d of S m 1804 c a G on the epte ber, , by whi h Scottish rand

L on 22d of 1804. Th r od e was established the October, o , g — y 1 A ta La t. . 220 222. l l R and Bé suche t con c p , C ave , agon, of l i fuse the dates the estab ishment of the two Bod es. See

is urse o f De Hau t M - L t D co Bro. p before the other odge S . ’ f 1 lexandre d Ecosse on 24th o 805 . A , the January, The pretence of the Supreme Council of France to an a older existence ﬁrst appe red in its proceedings in 1838. Ann exed to its proceedings of 24th June of that year is a u t o f tablea , which contains, among o her things, a list an d o f G n S u Gn u I nspx. one ra d Commanders of the “ u rom its rimitive oundation in preme Co ncil of France , f p f 1838 i t note : it says, to ; to wh ch his is , added The " asterisk designates the Brethren who founded the Supreme 1786 Council of France in , and those who were active mem it bers of , until it became dormant or was extinguished dur ” L P ing the Revolution. These names . ouis hilippe of l of lo Joseph de Bourbon, Duke Or eans, Prince the B od — in 1 93 The bette r known as Philippe Egalité who died 7 . ll Marquis de Bercy . Tai epied de Bondy Stanislas, ’ - d Amboise Count de Clermont Tonnerre . , Marquis de

odat- - l i - e M Cru sso l . . Dé Gay Sy va n Tancr de , arquis de Do ’ ’ d Esterno il . d E re m en . J . . , lomieu . . J Duval p Count

Ambassador of France to the Court of . Benigne ’ in l ricourt . a Joseph du Trousset d He . Ch illon de Jo vi le l tte L M . . Sava e , Armand Marc, Count de ontmorin de anges e G M ill all and Charles Al exis Count d enlis, arquis de S ery G In of whom are ranked in the tableau as Sovereign rand

- specto rs General.

t . Nothing whatever is said in suppor of this pretence It

l or , g was put there, without exp anation evidence to ain

- authority or credence by time . It is easy to prove the whole claim to an origin earlier c a m and a ; than 1804, to be ere impudent b seless preten e

and we proce ed to do so. 62

1834 S l i 1st . In the upreme Counci cla ms to have existed 1 62 1838 l since the 2l st of September, 7 and in it exp icitly ' in reduces its claim, and pretends to have been founded 1 As n 786. both cannot be true , we are warranted in denyi g both.

1 38 2d. If the Tableau of 8 states the truth, Taillepied de mémberof Bondy was a Gen and ‘ the Supreme

33d 1786. 1 812 Council of the Degree in Now, in , the Ecossais A A R da P ére Chapter , of the ncient and ccepted ite ole Fa mille A i on e of , at ngers, published a d scourse by its members, and a decree founded upon it, in which it denied l s of a n S the egal exi tence y upreme Council in France, averred that there never were but 25 Degrees in the Ancient and Acce pted Rite ; and said that the 33d Degree was not known in that Rite referring to the Regulations o f 1762 as ' l of R te el authen the on y law the i , and absolut y denying the ticit of f 1 8 S o . y the Constitutions o 7 6. The Charter of this v as e Gra nd Orient Chapter w grant d by the in November, 1805 and it claimed that the Grand Orient had the power i not 1804 over the R te , by the Concordat of , but by the merger in itself of the o ld Grand L odge an d the Chapter of

l . AILL PI N Y si ned these roceedin s C ermont T E ED DE BO D g p g . It is un necessary to say that he could n o t have been a 33d and o f the S u reme Council 1786 member p in , and then make such e — 1 Hermes assertions as thes See the Discourse cited, in ,

. 296 e 1 P p and stat ment of the discourse and decree, récis

Hist. B é suchet . 36 by , p 7.

3d. 1775 1776 S ava lette dc Lan es ho In and , g , w is also said to have been an origin al member in 1786 o f a Supreme 33d Council of the , was Junior Warden o f the Chamber of P the rovinces of the Grand Orient ; and he was also o n e of the Committee who concluded the Treaty of 1776 with the S i L a three —cott sh Directories, at yon, Borde ux and Stras 2 Acta La t . 20 . bourg Thory, , p 7 Now the tale told the

. . B eu n ot l a or Bro Dr g , on y year two since, by the Count S a int- La urent de , a member of the Supreme Council of a was m Fr nce, , that so e time after the Constitutions of 1786 a 63 w a ’ — , h u d Esterno a ere m—de t e Co nt whose n me is signed to A of n them then mbassador France to the Court of Berli , c Grand took a opy of them to France, and there the Lodge of z l ﬁ S France organi ed itse f as the rst upreme Council, with of ﬁ the Duke Orleans as its rst Grand Commander. Sava L a lette de anges was member of the Grand Orient, and not L of the Grand odge and so the stories do not agree .

4th. ﬁ c If this historical gment had not been apo ryphal, and a mere myth, it would have been used by the Supreme Council of France in its contro versies with the Grand Orient title H as to the to the igh Degrees . Now in all those con troversies 1805 1838 , from to , it was never mentioned. We u o f 300 o f have a vol me some pages , consisting polemical of pamphlets by the advocates the Grand Orient, in which every fact is used which industry could discover and every argument which ingenuity could supply ; and nowhere in tl o f i of these , and as lit e in three volumes proceed ngs the S our o n e upreme Council also in possession, is there word, ce the we hint/in ex pt single tableau which have mentioned, g even at such a claim.

h ai n to 1804 m 5t . The cl m to a existence prior was for ally and expre ssly contrad icted by the most distinguished advo S it cates of the upreme Council, at the very time when, if

had . been true, it was the most important to prefer it 1827 r w G In , when the cont oversy bet een the rand Orient d the an the S upreme Council of France was at its height,

Mura . ire Lt. Count , then Gr Commander, and afterwards S o f l l overeign the Supreme Counci , pub ished a pamphlet, ’ ‘ ’ D e l Inde endance des Rites Ma onni ues ou R uta entitled, p g g , ef ' t de Fra nce sur le Rite Ecossais ion des P retentions du G.

24 o f l The Anc ien et At p . this pamph et, he said R e new organization of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish it , 1786 wa s unknown in accordance with the Constitutions of , in F rance prior to 1804 : but long before then there had been a o f A established at Charleston, in the United St tes merica, 21st a Council of the 33d Degree, which, on the of ua 1 02 a u a - Febr ry, 8 , g ve the Co nt de Gr sse Tilly the power of a 64

in M r i i F Ma initiat g asons to that Deg ee, of nspect ng ree L so nr A M o f t u n , y , ncient and odern, and cons it ti g odges t il A R Chap ers, Counc s and Consistories of the ncient ite over G t z the two Hemispheres . The Count de rasse , so au hori ed, established a Supreme Council o f the 33d Degree in the

Island of San Domingo ; but soon after, in consequence of l the troubles which came upon that Is and, he and several

o f his il u F illustrious m embers Counc took ref ge in rance, i ni r M . and there u ted with othe Scott sh asons and there , il Ge n . . by authority of the Gr. of the Sup Counc o f 33d i on 22d the Degree , which was establ shed the Sep ”

1804 P i . . tember, , at ar s, etc , etc In 1813 the persons claiming to compose the Supreme l for America F Counci , in rance , addressed a remonstrance to l F the Supreme Counci of rance, in which, among other t i t l the n f h ngs, hey c aimed that y, comi g rom San Domingo, the l n created Supreme Counci , and were the fou ders in f France o f the Scottish Rite . The Committee o the Supreme il of F s Counc rance answered, that many of the remonstrant e all to e had nev r been in San Domingo at , and had yet prov that they had received their Degrees from the Supreme l fo r A at Counci merica, a time when it yet met in the coun tr fo r i li y wh ch it was estab shed and, as to the creation of l F the i t i : That the Supreme Counci of rance, Comm t ee sa d crea tion is d ue to the I llustrious de Grasse- Tilly alone : l te f in the Supreme Counci has never separa d rom him , and l o f dependent y his character as Sovs . Commander for F sl it l l the rench I ands, has a ways p aced his name at the o f o f H r M ecueil head those its onora y embers . R des Actes da u S . de F ra n 1 1. ce . 5 p , p An d l 1 41 E c d 8 Ill. . s o e ca 33d , as ate as , the Bro , , pub ’ lished l i l D e ense du Rite Ecossais Ancien a pamph et, ent t ed, f A ce té u Ré ut o a tion de la Circula ire du . de Fra nce c p , f G , en da te da 19 Octobre 1840 ul l i , , in which he partic ar y den ed ll o f G M as the a egation the rand Orient, that Scottish asonry

t he il r S practised by Supreme Counc , was car ied by tephen M F e A nl a i orin from ranc to merica, and o y brought back ga n by the de Grasse ; and in which also he in sisted on l of G the va idity of the titles de rasse , and of the regula rity a f h o t e Supreme Council at Charleston : and in the whole argument he does not even hint at the existence of a Su l 1804. preme Counci prior to Indeed, such a position would have been wholly inconsistent with and destructive of his positions.

All 6th. the writers concur in fixing the first appearance A A R F fi of the ncient and ccepted ite in rance, and the rst

1804. o creation of a Supreme Council there , in S say l l — 1 H — — ist. Pit. 241 . 207 Bé suche t P récis Hist C ave , p , . ’ — A ta L t 2 — — 1 a . . 2 0 i D u ontes l Enc clo Thory, c p Chem n p , y — — — edic Ma . v l. 1 L u o . 236 e e A er . 8 p g , p v sque, p g , p 7 Bou — 110 t 1 — — — . o 15 R rth d Ma . 289 1 bée, p agon O o . g. p Vida — — Fézandié Essai Hist. l 169 . o . L p . S said Bro ang ois de l S l A in 1817 Cha ange before the upreme Counci for merica, ‘

so l A i l . and _ the Supreme Counci of mer ca then dec ared So a f 1818 his Su s id the Count de Grasse himsel , in , before l M preme Counci and so the Baron de arguerittes, on the l ri n d . t al of the Bro . Count de Grasse . A Bro Vassa has particularly demonstrated that the Ancient and Accepted Rite in 33 Degrees had no existence anywhere prior to 1802 hi s E S R , in ssay upon the institution of the cottish ite,

u h P récis Hist. vol. 1 . 274 quoted by Bro. Bé s c et in his , pp 2 to 76. This prete nce of the Supreme Council is therefore un founded and an impudent fraud upon History ; and there fore the falsehood embodied in the Treaty o f 1834 does not

our r - prove that thi ty three ,Degrees were known and 1 62 n or o f l ad practised prior to 7 , that the Count C ermont min istered them ; n or that from him power descended to M l 33ds in R oses M. Hayes to open a Counci of hode Island — a Council that never existed except in imagination. The l 0th Consideration is That the Grand Orient of o f all i Fran ce ~ in l of , its qua ity heir or successor the anc ent resisted the re Scottish Bodies and Powers above named, p to Pan s tensions o i the Speculators who went from America with what they pretended was a new Rite ; vi ctori ously R or D e ree demons tra ted that they carried to France no ite g which had not been known and practised there before 5 a 66

1 1 n ot l l ; 76 , and of which it was the so e and on y owner and l l l o the lo t Im eria list In was ab e, by the audab e energy f f y p n it to l tellects that then admi istered , assert and estab ish its ” rights to the Sco ttish Rite . Foulhouze f Mr. is more and more un ortunate the further G i l to he goes . The rand Or ent, it is true, c aimed be the f iff t i i heir and successor o the d eren Bod es that had, prev ous 1804 i the iff R o f M to , adm nistered d erent ites Scottish asonry in France but that was a claim which she was never able i i of l re to establ sh . The d scussion that question wou d ' quire more space than the limits of this response a ﬁord i i l s nce t was debated at great ength between the two Bodies,

th l . e Grand Orient and Supreme Counci , for many years l i b We can on y pause here to say, as we have before sa d a out L G could n o t the Grand odge , that the rand Orient become tl i R enti ed to adm nister any Degrees of any ite, which her members had not legally received . 27th 1773 l G L On the December, , the Nationa rand odge — - ~ the title at that time worn by the Grand Orient declared that it would thenceforward work in Symbolic Masonry alone and forbade the Lodges to go beyon d the third De — ’ — t l t . 1 1 Acta La . 08 gree in heir abors . Thory p , speaking o f the G i : rand Or ent, says, under this date Suppression o f i A o the Nat onal Grand Lodge . . ppointment f a .New Hi to M . Committee revise the gh Degrees . essrs Bacon de la Chev allerie ff , the Count de Strogano , and the Baron de To ussa in ct L are appointed the Committee . The odges are all l H requested to suspend abour in the igh Degrees, as the i l did “ Grand Orient tse f . It enjoined on the Lodges not c l Hi to o cupy themse ves with the gh Degrees, and to work l ﬁ l ” it “ on y in the rst three Symbo ic Degrees , as, added, it —' lf . F n a d. d . o G . was itse doing Thory, p 44. 1781 1782 l m In or , it created within itse f a Cha ber o f the Hi l i gh Degrees, which aboured at a revis on o f them and in 1786 ur El o u E . o f E R reported f , , cossais, Kt the ast and ose

. o G n Croix These were ad pted by the ra d Orient, to be d worked in ad ition t o the three Symbolic Degrees ; and it thereupon decreed that no others should be worked in the

L n — 1 Acta odges or Chapters under its jurisdictio Thory, a

H a pended the working of the igh Degrees, and that the h nd ’ Con se o f time eﬁaced the reme mbrance of them in F rance . N N C fo r quently the G. had RE OU ED them more than

thirt . G l . y years, when the Bro de rasse estab ished the Sup

l o f F . l 1786 l C ounci rance Certain y, in , it express y rejected

, all 18th . above the It was thus, said the Circular, that ' the hand of time eﬁa ced in France the memory of those De r i g ees wh ch had gone forth from its bosom, and even that of some that were exclusively French ; and that they were stran ers AND N N CLAIME I L TO brought back thither as g , O E D T T E ” — 10 . EM. 2 Hermes . 7 TH , p , etc A THAT Is THE AD MI SSION O F THE GRAND ORIENT ITSELF. fter l i to l that, what super at ve nonsense it is ta k about the Grand Orient having still retain ed or obtained a title to those De tra ns ers o r frOm grees, by f , by purchase descent, other

' i of the m m e re c Bod es, some remnants omposed of vaga : M to i i bonds as if asonic Degrees , the right adm n ster them, o ern an d M the right to g v men asons, to demand their alle ian ce o ne l of i g , to make Body the ob igee the r oaths taken l l i to another, cou d be bought and so d in the market, l ke a l all l cow or horse . One oses patience in istening to such n M arrant stupidities . The right to admi ister asonic Degrees is no t obtained nor obtainable in that way . The whole idea M is a humbug, to which no other asonic Body than the Grand Orient o f France has ever given countenance ; and it i res ecta ble which never succeeded in mak ng a p humbug.

So matters stood until 1804. A good many of the Lodges under the Grand Orient refused to have anything to do with di l i the four ad tiona Degrees . The Scott sh Directories, of 1776 which by the Treaty with the Grand Orient, had the l i i o f R R exc us ve workingand admin stration the eformed ite, t ll i s i cont nued to work. The Mother L odge of the Philo i R A l sophic Scott sh ite, the Chapter at rras , and severa other di l Bo es were a so independent . The Count de Grasse ap eared R i P p , introduced his ite nto aris , created a Supreme l G L Counci , and that created a Scottish rand odge . The G R rand Orient, seeing the ite at once become popular, took l Roettiers Mo ntaleau the a arm ; and de , Representative o f G M the rand aster, and the real Chief and most inﬂ uential a 69

of a person the Gr nd Orient, set on foot negotiations to effect n a unio of the two B odies .

c l was The eviden e is amp e that this union sought, not by S l o r the upreme Counci any of its members, but by the Bro. Montaleau V l of de , Grand enerab e the Grand Orient . We i : Bé such s mply refer to these authorities et, a staunch ad of in P récis Hist herent the Grand Orient, says his , vol. 1, a of 1803 Roe ttie rs Montal under the d te , that de eau, the a V al l t Gr nd enerable, ways so ici ous for the peace of the inter osed between these B rethr Order, p en a nd the Gra nd Orient ; —1 A ta a t — L . 221 Thory, c , p . , says that the Grand Orient was of L disquieted, many its odges wishing to join the new or anization and g , that the Bros . de Mon taleau and Pyron conferred together, to concert measures for uniting the two B Le —A u — er . 78 a odies ; vesque, p g , p , says, th t it was stated n o ma a in the assembly, whe the Conc rdat was de, th t the M n ale au . o t i w Bro de , after hav ng conferred ith the

Bro. l Act U Pyron, had himse f, advocated the of nion of the oubé e —M L e two Rites ; B , aster of a odg under the Grand a H — Orient, and vigorous opponent of the igh Degrees says — Etudes sur la Ma on. . 113 g , p , that some members Of the thought that Scottish Masonry was becoming too ﬁ i e and rmly establ sh d, that a Union with it would be an act of prudence that the subject was introduced into the Grand and the Union forcibly advocated and strongly IOn opposed ; until, after a g discussion, those opposed to it l had to yie d to the current ; and Vassal, a member of the r for r Grand O ient, and years the most prominent pe son in a olo izes Essa the Ins titution o the S cottish Rite uoted it, p g ( y on f , q ' b B . 291 303 esuchst in his P recis E st vol. 1 y , , , pp to ) for the anx ff Un iety of the Grand Orient, to e ect a ion, on the ground tha t the Phdosophical Degrees had notf or many years been con f erred in Fra nce the works o f the G. O. had been sus pended and the disordered condition of its Archives made it impracticable for it to establish its title to rule the Scot or R t o f s 33 tish Rite, to prove that the i e de Gra se, with its w Degrees, as in substance the same as that of Perfection in 2 a fﬁ o f 5. So , he s ys, many o cers thought it for the interest the Order to make concessions in order to effe ct a fus10 n . a 70

wh t the ra nd O rient itsel said at the time u But let us see a G f , , abo t its resisting the pretensions of the speculators from Amer ica i l i , and v ctorious y demonstrat ng its heirship and right P i of succession to all the Ancient Scottish owers and Bod es.

Eta t du Gra nd Orie nt 4 1804 . 304 The , part , of , p , gives a long and apologetic account of the causes that le d it to make the Concordat with the Supreme Council. When it made the S i in 1776 the Treaty with cottish D rectories, , it had been pretty sharply censured and irreverentially attacked and it anticipated severer censure fo r yielding to the Supreme

i i . n v o wn l l . e o t Counc , for gi ing up its c aims to the Scot

tolera tin . tish Degrees , but for g them l G The Co umns of the rand Orient, it said, were l of M fo r so threatened with a great oss embers, much the t l of more reason , because the Bre hren who had the contro Ri li l the new te , and were en sting prose ytes, had secured the ” — concurrence and support of certain Brethren lof ty Impe ria list Intellects o fiicial , perhaps whose rank and virtues l si ” invested them with great persona con deration . it t fi l al So, said, the Grand Orien rst pub ished ist of its Ofiicers is it fill o u t li of H Grand ; that , ed its sts onorary ’ Ofiicers O ciers d Honne ur i all and fi , w th the great names of the E i t o new mp re , in hopes overpower the Supreme Coun il 9 c . W n l with the array hat happe ed It earned, says “ Eta t of m t the , from the mouths some a ong them , hat they had also been elected to functions quite as important in ” t G t t i ttish S co R . ano her rand Orien , of a cer a n ite ” it These worthy Brethren, says, as prudent and wise ll i lt as i ustr ous, fe the, necessity of nipping in the bud a germ of i in M in F d vision the asonic Order rance . They co m m u n icate d vi the i o f G i their ews to Deput es the rand Or ent, by l whom they were readi y adopted . Immediately the Grand i i Orient appo nted a Committee , which met w th an equal ” m o f i of the An A nu ber Deput es cient and ccepted Rite . A ” i fter a severe storm, it sa d, the wise mariner repairs his i l i r gging, puts himse f as far as poss ble in a condition to l ill l t f sai tranqu y, and neg ec s none o the means that prudence i t ou t for po n s , avoiding the breakers and giving satisfaction to wn the o ers. 71

One of the most potent motives that determined it to this c it , , hO es h ourse said was the positive p eld out to it, and “ a R . M s . a l guar nteed by the esp Bro arsh l Ke lermann, that f m ro the present operation would infallibly result a gen a w G a er l union ith the rand Orient of Fr nce, of all the Lodges that in the Empire style themselves Grand ’ ’ ‘ L M - L or l odge , other odge , simp y Scottish Lodge and w i — Mr. h ch mark, Bienvenu a re n ow n either united in

correspondence with the Gra nd Orien t n or with the Orient ’ o the An cien t an d Acce ted R ite f p . Act U The result was the Concordat or of nion, signed and on 5th e 1804 sworn to the of Decemb r, the Scottish Grand Lodge repairin g for that purpose to the Hall o f the Grand

Orient. This Concordat may be found in the Recu eil des Actes da ' S u reme Conseil al s of p , as so may the minute the meeting at c was iﬁ an d s whi h it so rat ed at which the Bro . de

- Ro i Grasse Tilly and the Bros . ett ers de Montaleau recip rocall t ’ y took the oa h to keep it, between each other s hands . This Concordat defines the composition and names and Ofii cers of G enumerates the the rand Orient, and their and its own powers and attributes . It recognizes the Supreme un l as Co ci an existing Body, and assumes its continuance as of h a distinct Body, as being a matter course , wit varied and all its h fi u important powers, and in erent unde ned f nctions un derstan d' the besides . Whoever wishes to Concordat must E L study it attentively in all its parts . very odge and Chap was re re ter in France to have a representative, and those p sentatives constituted the Masonic Diet called the Grand a lso 7 fi ni for Orient ; but there were , rst Grand Dig taries 1 ffi en exercice i life, and 48 other O cers, , who, after serv ng

H fﬁ . nine years, became onorary O cers The government was composed o f a Symbolic General an L and l a Gr d odge , a Genera Grand Ch pter "of the four ite Moderne 81 Degrees of the R ", each composed of members,

o f 3 9 . serving for different periods , from to years l of 27 ﬁc There was also a Grand Counci Of ers, with appel a l te powers . 72

l ni There was also a Grand Lodge of genera admi stration, composed of 21 members. L The General Grand Chapter issued etters Capitular, and An la Briefs for the four High Degrees . appeal y from its i i t the Grand Council o 27 or to the S ublime dec s ons o f , r Council of the 33d D eg ee. The particular provisions as to the 32d and 33d Degrees were these G F ossesses G The rand Orient of rance p , in the eneral G u o f 32d Grand Chapter, the rand Co ncil the Degree, and the Sublime Council o f the 33d Degree.

i of . 33d besides those that The prerogat ves the Degree, — a ertain to its unctions i. e. inhe rent pp f , besides those in it, — “ and which it has a s a Supreme Council are to occupy l w i k l l itse f ith the highest myst c now edge , and regu ate the works thereof. — It decides a ll questions involving the point of ho nor sur tout ’ — ce qui tient a u point d honneur ; it ca n remove f rom oﬁce a Grand O cer the Gra nd O rient o France u on Com laint ﬁ of f , p p a nd a cc usa tion which it a lone can entertain , , from that one of — S Gr. L Gen . Gr. the Bodies the ymbolic odge, the

Gr. L A Chapter, and the odge of dministration to which fﬁ lo s M the o cer accused be ng , in the asonic form . The S upreme Counc il of the 33d can a lone correc t or revoke its ” own decisions. The ﬁrst 14 Degrees only could be conferred in subordinate 15 18th l i l G l Chapters the th to the inc us ve, on y in the enera Grand Chapter : the 33d D egree belongs exclusively to the S ub ” lime Gra nd Council o that D e re . w hich alone can c e on er it. f g , f i i In prescr bing the order in wh ch the members should sit, a particul ar place was assigned those members of the Sublime l o f 33d e Counci the Degre , who might not be Dignitaries, t o 7 G next the rand Dignitaries, the Representatives of the G M G A n rand aster, and the rand dmi istrators.

. Roettiers Montale au - i The Bros de and De Grasse T lly, P t l R o f G M ar icu ar epresentatives the rand aster, were made l in i i of such for ife, cons derat on their services to the Order.

M - . l ll The Bros arsha Ke ermann, De Grasse Tilly and P all of S L yron, members the cottish Grand odge , were made a 73 honorary members of all the Lodges and Chapters of France as w as . Mo ntaleau a ell the Bros de , Ch llan and Bacon de la

Chevallerie as ﬁ co - , rst ope rators in the present organi zation .

And B s. L e e Hac uet Godefroi the ros ac p de, q , de Latour ’ d Auver ne Tro off l g , de g , Thory and Bai lache , of the S cottish L w odge , ere made free afﬁliates of all the Lodges and of a Chapters Fr nce . 29th of 1804 On the December, , forty members of the Grand r e m O ient rec ived fro the Supreme Council, some the 18th 32d 33d and Degree, some the , and some the , signed the r u r eq isite oaths of allegiance, in the Book of Gold of the B o . de Grasse thus : u l tha t we ha ve rate ull We the ndersigned do dec are, g f y accepted and received the Eminent Degr ee of Grand Inspector

General of the 33d and last Degree fr om the Th . Puissant

and s. A d F A Ill Bro. lexan re rancois uguste de Grasse ll a a d vitam Ti y, Gr nd Commander for France , President of S u 33d a u the upreme Co ncil of the Degree , the Gr nd Co ncil bein g in session. solemnl wea r oon our words o honor and u on We do y s , m f , p all our en a ements and oaths in c of g g , pronounced the presen e Ar a nd to the Grand Coun cil the Grand chitect of the Universe, the d D e ree To Y S ovs . Ins e tors enera l 33 of p c G of . g , OBE CIL e re THE SAID SUPREME COUN , to cause its d crees to be s e cted c t in of c p , and to onduc ourselves the duties our harge l 33d as Grand In spectors Genera of the Degree, in such manner as to make cherished and respected the Royal F M c and Military Order o f ree asonry, and to onform in all respects to the Letters of Credence that have been granted us

of o ur r w ll and In faith whereof we have, own f ee i ” — ’ M vol. 1 l E nc cl. a . S ee . , accord, signed the present oath y g ’ a r C mte D e l l nd é end an ce des Rites Ma on ni ues , le o p. 338. p e g p t rom the B ook Gold f the S u reme Mur re 1. Ec trac ai , p. 3 f of o p

Council rin ted in 1817 . 5 , 6, 7. , p , pp MONTALEAU Who took this oath ? ROETTIERS DE , the head

of the Grand Orient, who had kept its archives through the nd w ff Revolution, a to hom a grateful Order o ered the Grand a 74

, Mastership, which he refused, but accepted the power with ho l ? l . W the more modest title of Grand Venerab e e se HEVALLEmE ALLAN B UBAB D DE BACON DE LA C , CH , , the Count A AL l 32d VALENCE . V SS signed a ike oath for the Degree , as

id Le erde- B ressé B ressa ud P etricon Ga briac D a d g , , and y, ,

i - sou chet and Bern adon ; and th rty two others, whose names l l m were egib e any years after, besides many whose names

n o t i li for 18th . were so, s gned a ke oath the Degree All this was done twenty/f ou r days after the Concordat w as u D id or did n ot l exec ted. the Supreme Counci remain in of the A A R ? existence , as the head ncient and ccepted ite 9 D id or did not the Grand Orient recognize it as such head . R l il t emark, a so , that wh e the Concorda makes the Supreme l ll t l G l Counci an appe a e Tribuna , higher than the enera ‘ G l l r rand Chapter, and to which an appea ies f om that Body ; while it sec ures to it alone the power to confer the 33d the l i i l w il Degree , and exc us ve t t e to it h e it gives its Chap ters no power over any Degree above the 14th and even its General Grand Chapter no power over any above the 18th ; while it gives no power to any Body o r Officer to revise or i o f il l correct the decis ons the Supreme Counc , but dec ares that it alone can do so ; while it secures to the Grand Coun oil o f the 32d the control over the Degrees from the 18th to the 32d ; while it continues all the inherent powers o f the u il h S preme Counc ; it adds no member to it, makes no c ange in l it its l l f it, eaves permanent and members to ho d for i e , and m no way provides how it or the Grand Council o f the 32d ll d t fill o r sha be compose , or vacancies in ei her ed, what o r who its fi ll r o l i . Of cers sha be , how e ected and appo nted i Nobody ever den ed that this Concordat was made , or that i o r i h th s oath was taken s gned. W o violated the Co n cor dat 21st l 1805 i On the of Ju y, , the Grand Or ent enacted a l C Decreta , by which they professed to carry out the on cor ” . G o f R dat By it they created a rand Directory ites, to a ll R govern the united ites, and be composed of as many Sections as there were Rites ; each Section to be composed

no t l nol ﬁv e of ess than three , more than members . This Directory was to take cognizance of everyt hing concerning a

f 1st of October it made a decree concerning the exercise o its dogmatic power.

de Fra nce A . No. 5 e la Fond. du Thory (Hist. d , pp , l C on p . sums up the resu t in a few words, thus The

i o f 1804 i ff stitu t on was not carried nto e ect, in consequence of difﬁculties that then arose ; so that n ow the Supreme Council forms a Body distinct and separate from the Grand ‘ ” Orient o f Fran ce . 2 h An d Acta L a tom oru m v ol. 1 . 2 5 e in his , , p , states what was in fact the reason why the Concordat was annulled or “ not abandoned. The Concordat of he says , is ex cute d which r uses to ut in o er a tion e by the Grand Orient, ef p p u n h r the n ew genera l Constit tio of t e O der . The Grand

Orient really took no step a t a ll to execute the Concordat. Roettie rs Mon taleau wi de continued to govern, th the same i l G l it l t t e of rand Venerab e , and used in the pub ished state

o f A l 1805 . ment pri , l o n 1 6 It was agreed at ast, Thory says, the th of Septem 1805 il l ber, , that the Supreme Counc shou d have an exist i o f t r G ence ndependent and separa e f om the rand Orient, which should take no cognizance o f the Ancient and Accepted R t L ite , and grant no Char ers to odges desiring to adopt that Ré i fo r 18th f g me, anything beyond the Degree the con er in o f r g the Degrees above that, and the Constitution of o f i l l Chapters the higher Degrees, be ng exc usive y reserved l the M i of to the Supreme Counci , or to ason c authorities A A R i 1 the ncient and ccepted ite , whom it m ght concern. '

Acta La t. . 227 Kauﬁm ann Cher in I if st 4 . P hil . 74 , p ; p , , p , state the same fact. R l of l 1 06 The egu ations the Grand Orient, pub ished in 8 , show that this agreement was assented to by it ; for they w l it sho in the c earest and most formal manner, that then exercised the powers of administration over no other Bodies than those working the Degrees from Apprentice to Rose

Croix. R Hist. en. G . 168 l ebold, , p , a so states this agreement ; and R o f , Ri O rthod. agon the bitter enemy the Scottish te , says, “ Ma . 312 6th g , p , On the of September, the Grand Orient declares the Concordat broken and on the l 6th of the same a 77

month, the mm Co issioners of the Grant Orient, and those of h G S h L t e rand cottis odge signed a convention, declaring the Act U n l ” of nio annu led in fact and law . Hi st. Pitt . 245 Clavel, , p , gives a detailed account o f the c auses that led to the rupture of the Concordat ; and par ticul arly as ffic to the di ulties between the Bro. Pyron and the Grand Orient in the cou rse of which that Body diere garded the provision giving the Supreme Council power to ffi w r k remove an O cer ; and hich ended in st i ing Bro. Pyron ” ffi . ffi e l from the roll of O cers These di culti s, C avel says , ll c cance ed in fa t, if not in law, the Concordat and he a l dmits that the Grand Orient whol y failed to execute it, its organiz ation undergoing none o f the changes required by the

Treaty. An d he states that the m ajority of the Grand

Orient, foreseeing that the pretensions of the Scottish M u l co li asons wo ld be an eterna source of dis rd, were wil ng le t l r a to them retire , if they cou d so a r nge with them that ” M n i the aso ic peace should not be d sturbed. To this end, he says, Conferences were had ; and on the l 6th of Sep mmb er it was by common consent decreed, that the Supreme Council o f the 33d Degree should thereafter have an inde of pendent existence , with the power granting Charters and Diplomas for the Degrees above the 18th and that the S di w 19 ul cottish Bo es, orking the Degrees below the th, sho d i remain under the jurisd ction of the Grand Orient. The a S c e R Here dom Philosophic l ottish Rit , the ite of , and in general all the Masonic Bodies that had by virtue of the i ll Concordat been united to the Grand Or ent, equa y resumed l M s U their independence . On y, in order that the a onic nity, of l broken by the new order things, might as far as possib e

r - e e fﬁ ll be e established, the Prince Cambac r s o cia y informed t i the authorities which thus separa ed from the Grand Or ent, that he was disposed to accept the functions of Grand Ma s M ter over each of them. ost of them agreed to this arrange r l ment, and the P ince thus became the Chief of a most all ” ” the systems practised in France. ﬁ The Count de Grasse resigned, in his favor, his of ce of A A R o n Grand Commander of the ncient and ccepted ite , the and o f Su 10th o f July, 1806, established, by the side the a 78

l F l of l fo r preme Counci for rance , the ske eton a Counci the A i in i o f French Possessions in mer ca, expectat on at some i time transporting his Council to those Possess ons. i e fe w l Pr nce Cambacer s thus became , in a years, not on y M t o f G its Deputy Grand as er the rand Orient, and thus l — l G M rea head, because Joseph Napo eon, the rand aster, i M all he was never in tiated a ason at , it is alleged ; and if i r n o r M t was, ne the he , urat, the o her Deputy, ever showed i l in G t — l h mse f the rand Orien , not on y Commander of the il F l H Supreme Counc of rance , but a so onorary Grand M R o f Hero do m o f l i i t aster of the ite Ki w nn ng, si ting at

R — 1806 — of the M - L il ouen, and other odge of the Ph osophic

— — ; Rite 1807 Grand Master of the Primitive Ritc 1808 ; Grand Master of the Rite of B eneﬁce n t o f the Holy

i -B ect ia l Re ime —a l ff him i C ty, g g , tit e o ered by the D rectory of Auvergne Grand Master o f the Regime o f the Directory o f S e tim an ie M lli —1809 —~ ﬁ ll H p at ontpe er and na y, onorary Grand Master o f all the Masonic Bodies that were of any k — B é su chet 1 importance and composed of persons of ran , '

P ree. 111 112 l 1 . Hist . R 68 , p , ebo d, p . Marshal Kellermann was elected President o f the C o n sis f h tory o t e 32d. It will be seen by the number o f Independent Bodies l P i . e e which e ected the Bro rince Cambac r s their Ch ef, that the Grand Orient never pretended to possess all power over tt Ri all A the Sco ish te, as heir and successor of the ncient i P ” Scottish Bod es and owers . Le t an o ne of 1804 l y read over the Concordat , artic e by l t of ll artic e , the oa h a egiance taken by the members of the G i rand Or ent who received the Degrees from the Bro. de G l rasse in the presence of the Supreme Counci , and the terms o f the agreement made when the Concordat was an ll i f ll nu ed, and wh ch were faith u y observed by both parties, until the fall o f the Empir e in 1814 and then tell us whe re in all this he ﬁnds the proof that the Grand Orient resisted the pretentions o f the founders of the Supreme Council : when it formally recognized that Body as the head o f the Ri i r te , made a Treaty w th it, and accepted the Degrees f om e the it, and aft r Concordat was broken, agreed to share them a w , w 18 w r ith it itself content ith the lo er Deg ees, and leaving l 1 its riva the 5 higher ones where in all this he ﬁnds the proof that it victoriously demonstrated that De Grasse k to — brought bac France no new Degree , none not known

1761 ﬁ n on e and practised since before ; , of which it was not — sole and only master where in all this he ﬁnds the proof ‘ G that the rand Orient, by the praiseworthy energy o f the a lofty Imperi list Intellects that then administered it, knew l how to rec aim its right s over the Scottish Regime le t w When he has done this, him tell us ha t lofty Imperi l alist Inte lects then a dministered the Grand Orient ; what eviden e were their names , and where is the c , book and page, ll to show that they ever went near that Body, and especia y administer more ll that they aided to it ; and especia y, that they ever took any part in the controversy with the Supreme

Council. An d a d then, whether, fter the rupture of the Concor at, there were not found among the active members of the S u “ e ew l l preme Council for Franc , a f lofty Imperia ist Inte ” l P AM ACE E A lects, such as, for examp e , rince C B R S, rch ' ll of E A MA E Chance or the mpire, Duc DE P R , Grand agle, fﬁ L o f H Tim . brune Grand O cer of the egion onour, etc , VAL NC l o f v o f Comte DE E E, Genera Di ision, member the S e fﬁ L H G Conservative enat , O cer of the egion of onour, rand of S H of S LL MANN Cross of the Order aint enry axony KE ER , M l VALM l G arsha Duc DE Y, member of the Grand Counci , rand Ea l o f L H g e the egion of onour, Commander of the L EPEDE r . AO I on Crown, etc the Comte DE , Grand Chancel lor G E of L of H Mi i and rand agle the egion onour, n ster of S t s o f F MA NA ate , and member of the In titute rance ; SSE , ’ l D u e RIV LI P i d ESSLING E l Marsha the DE O , r nce , Grand ag e

L of H . LEM N and Grand Ofi cer of the egion onour, etc ; C E T RIs MAUEI é o f S d DE , Comte DE , Pr teur the enate, Comman er L H IE RI L B EURNON of the egion of onour ; P RRE E , Comte DE VILL flicer of L of H a t E , Grand O the egion onour, f erwards ’ M GODEFROI LA D Aq RGNE Col arshal of France DE TOUR , f M P I N N onel of the Regiment o that name ; arshal ER G O , E l ffi Comte of the Empire , Grand ag e and Grand O cer of the h L of H of t e egion onour, Grand Dignitary the Order of two a 80

’ ’ l NAR D AL Es D AND UZE Sicilies and Governor of Nap es BER D , ancient Comte DE VIE NNE and Grand Vicar o f Arras ; and MURAIB E of E i u l , Comte the mp re, Co nse lor of State, First

o f o f G Oflicer of the President the Court Cassation, rand Legion of Honour ? An d 1811 LE LL if in January, , there were not added, PE E ’ I A LNA E r L F M T ER D U Y, Comte of the mpi e ; E EBVRE, arshal DANTZICK CHASSET E i DE the Duke DE ; , Comte of the mp re S R E i G E G Ofiicer EGU , Comte of the mp re , rand agle and rand o f L H RAMP N o f E the egion of onour ; O , Comte the mpire, G l o f i G Oflicer L i H enera D vision, rand of the eg on of onour ;

F A P N E A - RETE U DE E Y, Baron of the mpire, dvocate General o f i t P B G the Imper al Cour at aris, and OUYER, eneral of of L O f H ? Brigade, one of the Treasurers the egion onour

1817 l D ue DE AINT - AI NAN O UD INOT Mar In , a so, the S G and , l DE R I of sha Duc EGG O, were members the Supreme Council. Peace reigned in French Masonry from 1805 u ntil the ll 1 downfa of the Great Emperor . The compact made in 805 was observed both by the Grand Orient and Supreme Coun

cil. P i e e en orced m Indeed, r nce Cambac r s f the perfor ance of

. of l li it In the Constitutions the Supreme Counci , pub shed i 1811 t in H ist. nJanuary, , and which may be found en ire the

de la Fond. da 1 4 ecuei o . 5 R l des f Thory, p , and

Actes da u . 1 S Cons. 05 l p p . , it was express y admitted, that 18th up the Degree, the power resided in the Grand ‘ to l Orient, and the Constitution itse f provides for the govern o f 18th l ment the Degrees above the , on y ; and we have already seen that the Grand Orient formally and explicitly iﬁ o ut rat ed and carried this arrangement. We shall ﬁnd the same arrangement made in Italy and the Grand Orient of France in formal alliance there with a Supreme Council li B ro . G A estab shed by the DE R SSE. “ We have seen that the highest Imperialist Intellects supported the Banner o f the Supreme Council ; and who ll those inte ects were . The Imperial government particularly S cottish M r — l l i — H st. P itt 2 . favored ason y C ave , , p. 53 Its autocratic form of administration was more to Napoleon’ s

l L or taste than the simp e Democracy of the Blue odges, the l of emascu ated Democracy the Grand Orient. 81

B ut a of with the f ll Napoleon everything was changed. 24th u 1814 f The Grand Orient, on the J ne , , at the feast o St. k risin John, nelt to the g Sun ; and the orators in their addresses enlarged on the joy which the whole Masonic

i n le itima te n Community felt, at see ng at le gth their g ki g, l ” G ’ . . St. an surrounded by his august fami y J e d Eté,

1814 . 3 8. , pp and a l M With indecent h ste , it dec ared the Grand astership, e B or l e . P held by Jos ph onapartef if , to be vacant In aris, L a z enthusia sti the odges under the Orient, fr terni ed ca lly w E Wurte mber ers S ith the nglish, Russians, g , axons, Prus A &c. o f sians, ustrians, , and initiated many them ; and at M l ﬁ l o f M arsei les, the rst pub ic procession Free asons that

r n c arried about the bust o Lou s ever appea ed in Fra ce, f i X VIII in au u rated it in , and g their temple and now, when the great men who had protected the Scottish Rite and the ni o f or dig ty and rights the Supreme Council, were dead in l r a o f exi e, the Grand O ient decreed, th t by virtue the Con c e 1 3 of l in 1787 ordat , made in 77 , with the Chapter C ermont, a 1804 with the General Gr nd Chapter, and in , with the

S a L r e- tooh contin ued but in a cottish Gr nd odge, it or rather , more s ecial manner s o f t a er p , the exerci e the powers tha pp

‘ i The S taine d to it over all the R tes. upreme Council e r resist d this usu pation, and an angry polemic and constant r w as u il o n 6th qua rel kept up, nt the day of November, 1841 an d of , on the report recommendation the sanlis z all De , the Grand Orient formally recogni ed the i ever 1st to 32d Bod es of y Degree , from the the , created by z the Supreme Council, as legal Bodies, and authori ed

Mason s under its own jurisdiction to visit them, and to open their temples to all Brethren under the jurisdiction of the

. Supreme Council . The war was never again revived

r . S uch w as the course of the Grand O ient, and such the “ uch not i result. S was the mode in which, the lofty Imper ” ” “ r meneurs alist Inte llects of the Grand O ient, but the of

the c a o f L XV I , that Body, when it became sy oph nt ouis I “ co ttl sh and n ot b ore ri hts S ef , revendicated its g over the Rite when the Supreme Council was almost annihi lated ll a by the de ath or exile of the lofty Imperialist Inte ects th t 6 a 82 had composed it —when that constellation whose bright a particular luminaries we have named, was reduced to few Then G l dismayed and obscured Stars . the rand Orient cou d

l ﬁ L XVI . kn ee and crouch at the feet, rst of ouis II and then for a l l X. of Char es , and beg each Prince of the B ood as

G M e m ll . Then rand ast r, and be conte ptuously repe ed it G M i a could bravely declare the rand astersh p vac nt, while Then Joseph Napoleon still lived and did not resign . it l e e M cou d ignore Cambac r s and urat, and fawn upon M al s f i acdonald, who way ound an excuse for never attend ng its meetings . . The claim of the Grand Orient to control the Degrees 18th E or above the , was not urged under the mpire, by any Lofty Imperialist Intellects but only after the Re stora l P E R Aus tion, whi e aris was occupied by nglish, ussian, i trian, Pruss an and Cossack, and the Grand Orient sang hymns of joy over the destruction of the Empire an d the re- establishment of legitimacy ; and when all meetings of M of b V c asons were prohibited by the King Bavaria, y i tor

' E u i o f S Gon salvi man el, K ng ardinia, by Cardinal at Rome, P R Mi an d F of by the rovisional egency at lan, by erdinand

n i re - l I i Spai , wh le he estab ished the nquisition ; and wh le L E l l l tolerated ouis the ighteenth ooked co d y at it, and barely it in France . “ Th e claim was not urged by any Lofty Imperialist Intel ” “ ” l small the meneurs of ects ; but by the men, the Grand l o Orient, who control ed everything, under the shelter f the great names whose owners deemed Masonry to o unimpor t l God roi dc Bea umont tant for their at ention ; by men ike ef , n li l who havi g a ttle whi e before lauded Napoleon, now la l ul o n vished fu some e ogies the Bourbons, that august m ce family which , during so any centuries, governed Fran ” as as — z with much grandeur generosity. Ka ﬁmann and h r — C e in Hist. P hi l . 345 at p , , p that Feast of the Order of on 24th 1814 the Grand Orient, the of June, , which Kanti “ n Cher in ul ma n and p tr y term, a sad monument of that deplorable epoch while they ask pardon o f their readers for quotin g the adulation of which we ask pardOn for quoting bu t a . lin e It was urged by men like the other Orators who

It 18 true that the passage of these Degrees from ours to

i iff ﬁ , a fore gn language , a d erent classi cation, new names additions t a nd some , dex erously metamorphosed these e , Degrees , the aggregate whereof, thus combined rec ived the supposed title of the Ancient and Accepte d Scott ish ” Rite . The principal polemic in favor of the Grand Orient was “ o f l l : An Essa u on the I nstitution o the that Vassa , entit ed y p f ” ttish Rite are S co , extracts from which quoted by

291 304. suchet P récis Hist v o l. 1 . 274 276 Bé , in his , , pp to to He contends that the Grand Lodge of France possessed the Scottish Rite before it was known in the New World ; and that the Scottish Rite brought into France by the a rbitra ril a nd abusivel remodelled de Grasse, y y , is the same as that which the Grand Lodge had possessed for forty ll years . He sums up as fo ows A A ce 2d. That the ncient and c pted Rite is the same ‘ 3d. as that which the Grand Lodge of France possessed. That the importa n t Degrees o f the Ancient and Accepted Ri U i te , are the same that were carried to the n ted States M CALA 4th . A or THE IN by Stephen Morin . TH T OST TER TED ARE F I N TO C I MA NR A IN N DEGREES ORE G S OTT SH SO Y, H V G BEE ” “ — H i : that B oRROWED FROM OTHE R RITEs. e had already sa d whichf urn ished the greater num ber of D egrees was the Tem la r B it e ein u Te e the 33d its b b t a m la r D e ree. p , lf g p g That is what the Grand Orient claimed ; not that de Grasse carried back to France n o D egree that Morin had not taken f rom there but that he carried back what was virtually the R old same ite because the Degrees were merely transposed, and eight others added ; and that this superfoetation of ” of not M l Degrees, most them Scottish asonry, but Temp ar

n ot new R . Degrees, did make it a or distinct ite This was “ l e and f l mere y prepost rous , far rom victorious y demon strating the identity of the Rite of Perfection and the

An an d A R e ll l . cient ccepted it , the Grand Orient signa y fai ed To state its proposition is to confute it. VASSAL explicitly says that t he most of the intercalated Degrees are foreign to Scottish Masonry and thus at once overturns what these Considerations have toiled and labored a 85

a is to est bl h, with the much wear and tear of historical con ie — a d sc nce that the Degrees of our present Rite always a of S M R were part cottish asonry ; and that the ite, just i t , w as w d as is orked by divers Bo ies in France, prior to 176l

“ l 1th and 12 h : The t Considerations are Considering, that notwithstanding the revolt of some intriguers who a a m its 180 sep r ted fro authority in 6, the Grand Orient M none the less remained aster of the Rite in France, and severa l S f established upreme Councils, among others that o Na les of p , which the unfortunate JOACHIM MURAT was the A ta La t. . 1 Grand Commander ( c , vol , p. and proved S M that, both as cottish ason and King, he adhered to the

principles of the Grand Orient, whereof he had been the ﬁ a H 1807 rst Gr nd Warden of onor in , that is to say, at the r very pe iod of this absurd revolt.

i H - n i Considering, that in so do ng, the ero Ki g sanct oned the principle that each State has its Masonic rights as well as its political rights and that every Sovereign and Inde S a of l pendent t te , whatever its form government, shou d ff i imitate his example , even in presence of the most a lict ng ” desertions . Compassion almost compels us to withhold the exposure which the truth of History requires of us in regard to this ﬂ u We o rish of trumpets . have shown that there was no ‘ r evolt at all. The Concordat was not kept by the Grand l an il r . ll d t he O ient It forma y vio ated it ; Supreme Counc , l aniz maintained in ful life with its original org ation, by that

Concordat, peacefully separated from the Grand Orient, and su ect resumed its independent action . It never was a bj of P eer l not the Grand Orient, but its , and therefore cou d

revolt.

2d “ M R . Nor did the Grand Orient remain aster of the ite ’ M o f l in France . It was content to remain aster on y the t ﬁrst 18 Degrees of it. It conceded the mas ery over the l ; it residue, to the Supreme Counci , by the Concordat and

S 1805, conceded it again, by the agreement of eptember, when the Concordat was rescinded. 86

Mr Foulhouze be to 3d. . cannot even persuaded give a date ﬁ ll d correctly. The Concordat was na y rescin ed , and the new 16th 1805 n ot arrangement made , on the of September, ; in 180 t wo 1806 ll l 1807. 1806 7 , and sti ess in In and the Bodies were entirely at peace.

G 4th . Some intriguers did not separate from the rand

i Ei - of G L Or ent . ghty one members the Scottish rand odge

' determined that the Concordat should b e either carried o ut ll n or rescinded and among them were such men as Ke e . ’ l Muraire L d Auve r ne mann, the Count de Va ence , and atour g , l i l ” whom it is chi d sh fol y to term in triguers . M 5th. Though urat was n amed ﬁrst Grand Warden of H of G 1807 onour the rand Orient, in , as he has been named

G - l 1804 rand Conservator Genera in , he never was in the — 24 . G l e Cla vel . 3 rand Orient in his if , p

6th . i l P e e The s ng e fact that rince Cambac r s, Deputy G M l G rand aster, and rea head of the rand Orient, accepted and retained the ofﬁce of Grand Commander o f the Supreme il o l i i l Counc , pr ves what a reck ess disregard of h stor ca truth, ll l as we as of good sense , is exhibited in ta king about “ ” ” intriguers and a revolt.

h o r 7t . N did t he Grand Orient establish several Supreme ” il a n all i to 1815 Counc s, at y time , nor any at , we think, pr or , i ever . How l li l w f cou d it estab sh Supreme Counci s, hen it administered no Degrees above the 18th ?

1805 G - ll In , the de rasse Ti y, then Grand Command

oi l F n er the Supreme Counci of rance , conferred power o a B r o . Vida l and other Scottish Masons to instit ute a Supreme at Illila Council n. That Body was established in the same i l o f l M P year and put tse f at the head Ita ian asonry. rince E e ” , L l ll ug ne a ofty Imperia ist Inte ect, became , soon

t G Com m ~ , an de r . Clave l Hist P t . i t . 251. af er its rand , , p

No t l S u reme Council l h on on y was this p thus estab is ed, the 5th of M 1805 2 arch, , but on the 0th of June the Gra nd O rient of l Ita y was established, under the Regime o f the Ancient a 87

and Acc R at M b the same u r epted ite, ilan, y S p eme Council of 33d . And at the Degree for Italy moreover, there being Naples a Grand Orient called that of the Military Division “ m Ge n of the Kingdo of Italy, of which . Lecchi was Grand M and M. B alathier Gr M aster, , Deputy . aster, it united o f Mil 22d itself with the Grand Orient an on the of June, and Prin ce Eugene accepted the dignity o f Grand Master o f L o f S m the Italian odges, and that overeign Grand Com ander of S o f 33d 1 A ta the upreme Council the Degree . (Thory, c

La t. . 228 And on 12th l 1808 , p the Ju y, , the Grand Orient of France afﬁliated with and entered in to correspondence with

s a a of a a . thi identic l Gr nd Orient It ly, thus created by its riv l — I . d. . 237 , p O n 11th 1809 o f 33d the of June, , a Supreme Council the i M Degree was established at N aples. H s ajesty Prince of i n a n Joachim, Grand Duke Berg, hav ng bee procl imed Ki g f o n 1st A 1808 c b o Naples the of ugust, , onsents to the esta for c lishm en t of a Grand Orient his Kingdom , and onde : of scends to accept the title o f S ov . Grand Commander the ”— d r l . Id. . 254 Council of the 33 Deg ee at Nap es , p

Mr. Foulhouze which is the authority referred to by , and does not prove what he says . For Thory does not tell us that the Grand Orient of France He established this Supreme Council at Naples . does not Wa s say by what Power it was done . it then by the Grand LA EL 1809 the S u reme Coun Orient ? Let us hear C V In , p cil Ital a t Mila n l l , of y, , instal ed a Supreme Counci at Naples where there was already a Grand Orient with Joseph ” — it . 251. Hist. P t Napoleon for Grand Master. , p of F So that it was not the Grand Orient rance, but the uncil F ra nce P S upreme Co qf , which derived its owers from

l l . Charleston, that estab ished the Supreme Counci at Naples il o i the And between this Supreme Counc s establ shed, and l 3d Grand Orient o f Nap es, a Concordat was made on the

ta La t. . Ma 1811 Thor 1 Ac , of y, ( y , p by which the l Grand Orient agreed to conﬁne itse f to governing and con 18th stituting Lodges and Chapters up to the Degree , leav i i exclus1vely ing the Higher Degrees to be adm n stered by M the S Com the Supreme Council. urat accepted upreme 0. 88

both t ce e in mand of Bodies, jus as Camba r s had done

France . G 18th In the Manifesto of the Count de rasse, dated of A 1818 i l l ugust, , creat ng a new Supreme Counci , he sty ed himself Creator of the Supreme Councils in the Kingdoms

o f F l AP L L ow . rance , Ita y, N ES, Spain, the Countries, etc , ” l ll e tc . . , etc Thory simp y te s us that a Supreme Council t bli l was es a shed at Nap es, without informing us by whom l bu t in h is n . Fo r even Thory t ere somethi g more examp e , 250 on 3d Ma 1811 at p . , that the of y, , a Concordat was effected between the Supreme Council of the 33d Degree at l G i i l Nap es and the rand Or ent of that K ngdom, re ative to the attributions o f each ; by which it was arranged that the Grand Orient should govern and constitute Lodges and 18th n l m Chapters to the Degree i c usive, and the Supre e Council administer the An cient Rite for the Superior De i led on e grees . Th s might have to suspect that the Supreme Council was created by some other power than the Grand G o f l in Orient of France . The rand Orient Nap es was ll ou 24th u 1809 M sta ed the of J ne , , with . King Joachim urat — — 1 Acta L a t. . 243 4 i G M t . r n as rand as er Tho y, , p and t 1812 oﬁi ce of G Oc ober, , he accepted the rand Com — f il. Id. 2 4 o . 5 . mander the Supreme Counc , p

do n o t l l ho w H - n in ao We particu ar y see the ero Ki g , ce tin i fﬁ i l p g th s o ce , sanct oned the princip e suggested by M : F ulh uz il l e o o e. The Supreme Counc at Nap es was cr ated n t o i 1786 i in strict co formi y to the C nst tutions of , wh ch pro

vide d a E For th t each Kingdom in urope should have o n e . i n Mr u u . Fo lho ze his act on to have bee a precedent for that of , he mus t have established a Supreme Council fo r his realm o f l l his l Nap es, by a simp e act of own roya authority, with out allowing any Supreme Council o i any other country to

interfere . ” the H - ﬁ of Did ero King, in accepting the of ce Sovereign Grand Commander of a Supreme Council created by that at Mil G an, which was created by de rasse un der his powers f m l in 1818 ro Char eston (who said, , I received in the other l M i di wor d the ason c Degrees , powers, ri hts , and nities — g g w - hich I possess did the Hero King, by that act, adhere a 89

l of to the princip es the Grand Orient, both as Scottish Mason and King ? An d did he sanction the principle that every S overeign and Independent State ought to imi tate his example Or did he thereby acknowledge the of l supremacy Char eston, and so add another to the “ ” “ painful defections of which the 12th Consideration speaks

As other S - ll to upreme Councils, the de Grasse Ti y a at M in 4th of est blished one adrid, Spain, on the July,

1811 r 1 Acta La t. . r ﬁ L (Tho y, , p whe e the rst odge of Rite had in 1809 the been augurated in , b—y the same author it s 1810. 1 Hist. Pitt y and the Grand Consi tory in Clave , , 1 p. 25 . Old S u . B In Belgi m, Gen ouyer, a member of the upreme u i c li C on Co nc l of Fran e, estab shed a Supreme ouncil the 15th of a 1817 on l st of A J nuary, ; and the pril in the same G of year, the Count de rasse, Commander the r l Council for America, just then evived, estab ished a n on 16th se cond. The two were u ited the of December of — l Hist. Pitt . 252 . the same year. Clave , , p The Supreme Council of Ireland was established by that — 25 — Le P itt . 3 l Hist. at Charleston Clave , , p and yet 24 in 1842 : L e lobe 4 . 2 G , vol. , p , said Grand Orient qui ’ entretient avec le Supreme Conseil d Irlande la correspond

ance la lus a ctive et les rela tions les lus intimes p , p , vient de recevoir de cette puissance Ma gonn ique des communica tc —the Gran d Or ien t which m a in tains tions intéressantes, e . , r on den ce a nd the m ost in tim ate relations the most active cor esp , , w ith the u rem e ou n cil o Irela n d S p C f , has just received from that Masonic Power interesting communications, etc. w Meanwhile, we hope that the Grand Orient of France ill re not consider itself entirely ruin ed and lost beyond all ient in 1808 a lia ted w ith the Grand Or demption, because it ﬁ

o Ital c of , f y, created by the Supreme Coun il Italy which

- itself wa s created by the Bro. de Grasse Tilly and because l Su it has always maintained amicable re ations with the l preme Council of Ireland : and that no one wi l treat the ” hatkans i memory of the Hero- King as the Kamsc do the r l z idols when storms are pro onged, because he recogni ed the a 90

power of the Supreme Council at Charleston to administer Ri a S l the Scottish te , and cre te other upreme Counci s and — t consented to be the head o f one created by its agent . 1 Ac a

. 23 . Lat. 7 , p 1 t To the 3th Considera ion, which undertakes to prove the nl : Constitutions of 1786 a forgery, we have o y to say If ? E they are , what then xcept as a mere matter of curios

i is . If knew ity, the quest on not worth examination we them to i l n o t di o n be genu ne, we shou d regard them as bin ng us He because Frederic sanctioned them. had no power to

make laws for all the S cottish Masons in the world . Masonic laws are not binding on us because such and such a person if all M made them but, at , because when we became a ason, a cce ted law R or received a Degree , we p them as the of the ite

. We ll no t or Degree, and swore to observe them sha just now delve into an tiquity to see how many patents and doc l um en ts or n l . are forged, how ma y egends are fab es The true question is this The Supreme Council at l l l of i Char eston had a ways c aimed, and part the t me, for i i ﬁ t L i . f y and more years , exercised, jurisd ct on over ou siana Nof oreign Masonic Power contested that jurisdiction with l in Louisiana l her. The on y Body that contested it, de iber l l i o f l l ate y determined that the c a m Char eston was va id, and formally surrendere d up its Powers and merged in the Su i A l o i preme Counc l at Charleston . fter that a regu ar C n s s 32d L i tory of the occupied ouis ana, under that Supreme

- l. J a mes Foulhouze G l Counci , an Inspector enera made by G i o f F n e t lli the rand Or ent ra c , a power in ami y and a ance the l l n i o n e with Supreme Counci at Char esto , w th or two l 33de m 3 d an d other iso ated , deter ined to make more 3 s erect l ccu a new Supreme Counci in this o pied jurisdiction . The i i out r to M Const tut ons of the question, this is contra y asonic law M n . , because contrary to aso ic peace The whole Scoto Masonic Fraternity o f Louisiana have not selected him to

represent them . By what commission does he pretend to il or the S ta te — he f make a Supreme Counc f , and a handful o i l who i i d scontented in New Or eans , had e ther res gned their m in or embership , been stricken from the rolls o f the ex il he other Supreme Counc If can do it, every Inspector in a

called his rickety bantling by that name then the Rite of ” now ot An i Perfection, and it has g back to The c ent Scot ” will R 33 tish Rite . If he have a ite in Degrees, why does on P i l Ri Con stitu he n ot fall back the r meva te , produce its l l i “ tions and cal and proc a m himself, Commander of the Interl o r With his notions about the possession o f De t l to on e l o f grees, he is qui e as much entit ed wear tit e i o n Masonic nobility as another. Why ins st coming among . of U z the Scottish Masons the nited States, who recogni e these Constitutions as their law ? Why take o ur titles and l u l l jewe s , surp our authority, wear the very tit es and jewe s

e created and prescrib d by these Constitutions, and keep crying out that they are forged ? One claiming to be pos sessed of a particular title o f nobility would present himself ﬁne to t i l in a attitude , if he were assert hat the orig na patent nf l and which co erred on his ancestor the tit e, was forged ; r t t tit i of 1786 n ot still a dhe e o he le. If the Const tutions are d n on all i w i bin i g you, why do you adopt their prov sions h ch ? l l fﬁ suit your convenience If no ega and su cient authority, n i o f the as you assert, ever created a ra k higher than Pr nce R l l im ? We oya Secret, why do you c a such rank , and all

S il in l . the other upreme Counc s the wor d, are consistent

We do not care who made the Constitutions . Whoever —F o r P G S criv made them, rederic yron, de rasse, or some M —h G e l d . ener or onk at eneva, was mere y the raughtsman acce ted t made Those who have gone before us p hem, and them

law of Ri . We our t the the te , in turn, have accep ed them ; l l ni and so accepting them, we fee entit ed to wear the insig a i or li e wh ch they prescribe , to exercise the powers f f , and to l i l You i c a m the tit e which they create . , repud ating the l tl Constitutions and c inging to the powers and ti e, are more inconsistent and irrational than an old man in his dotage.

S l Ma onni ue omebody, in the De ta c q , has imagined that l l l t “ he cou d triumphant y sett e this ques ion, by asking, if a ll man were , under a forged patent, to se us the right of i i the making a mach ne ; and if w thout paying price , we l m l m l shou d ake the machine , cou d he co pe us to pay, or f l ﬁ prevent us rom using it ; though we shou d prove , rst, that a and his patent was forged, second, that the m achine was invented before he was born ? t like That is some hing an argument, at any rate . It is n o r but not fair profound, it is ingenious. It deserves an ll on answer ; and it sha have e . f The comparison o the Constitutions o f 1786 to a patent - l l under the patent laws, wi l not ho d, for the most conclusive all . l of reasons It assumes the who e question. A forged l . ll patent is ike a counterfeit note It is a mere nu ity. No t act of any Body can give it vi ality. It is mere blank paper. No w the position which this lawyer was attempting to an

, n swer was that the Co stitutions, even if forged, became the law by the acceptance and adoption thereof by the ﬁrst Body of Ri the te . In order to compare them to a patent under

- l ﬁ all to the patent aws, he had, rst of , assume that they

l l l n o t la were abso ute y void, and cou d become the w . That was assuming the whole question. A patent is the act of the government, or nothing. No second party can give it force. If you forge the signatures l li and seal to a patent, you forge that whereon its who e va d i l di ff n i ty depends . But the va i ty and e ect of these Co st tu t tions did no depend on their emanating from Frederic . On

l . the contrary, he had no power to make any such aws ff law i Their force and e ect as , depended on the r adoption as ﬁ f l such by the rst Body o the Rite . The ana ogy there fore does not hold . w n o t l . A It does ho d in another respect machine , hen l ll l made , is the product of abor and ski app ied to the raw l l. materia The patent does not make it, create it, or enab e o n the l restra ins ' o u you to make it. It, contrary, simp y y f m l ﬁ rom aking it, un ess you rst pay the patentee a certain

in i . it sum . It is the nature of an injunct on If is forged, the result is simply that there never was any prohibition. l under Yo u do no t ho d your right to the machine , the patent,

~ all l . A S G. . at , even when it is va id overeign Inspector l General does hold his tit e as such and rank as such, under la or no t all. n o t w these Constitutions, at If they are the — o f the Rite not, if they are forged for though forged, they may have otherwise become the law—if they are not the a 94 — fundamental law of the Rite if a ny provision in them is

l ll l it. nu l, all is nu , and the tit e and rank fall with They are

l - restrains a not ike a forged patent right, which , but like

li i crea tes enables. patent of nobi ty, wh ch and Destroy the

a l . creator, you nnihi ate the creature Not so with a forged

- in vi l i of rohi patent right, and the machine made o at on its p l ma bitiou. The patent, forged or va id, did not make the chine, nor confer the right to make it.

i . If did It needs no grant or r ght to make a machine it , and as bein c the patent were forged, then, that, g forged, ould had no an ' source give no right, the maker right from y to n l r make it. The right is a atura ight, not lying in grant. c nf M But a right to o er a asonic Degree does lie in grant,

l l i it . if un ess you have yourse f nvented That right is given, all te f at , by the law governing, and enac d by, the Body rom which you received the Degree . If you prove this law to be null for forgery, there is nothing to give you a right to h l cre confer t e Degree . Your ob igation of se sy becomes l ﬁ abso ute. No law de nes now how you are to confer the l Ri Degree and promu gate the te. r Under whatever law you receive a Deg ee , that law binds

law - i l you forever, until the mak ng power re eases you by Fo r o u ll t a changing the law. y to te hat power th t the law n o t was a forgery, which it was bound to adopt or consent l e u to be governed by, wou d be a legitimat arg ment to urge it l l o r di ou why shou d repea repu ate it, but gives y no right ﬁ to refuse obedience. The rst Supreme Council had a right r to adopt a law pu porting to have been made by Frederic, k even if they new that he never saw it. The forgery was e immaterial, when they approved and adopt d the law. And l did i k eyen if they themse ves the act, th n ing the name o f Frederic would add authority t o what they were them l l l R se ves enacting, sti l, they had themse ves made the ite, the Rit law and law of the e, and that , whatever their notion w as for about it , derived its force from them , if Frederic all never made any law at , they had the right to enact the provisions to which his name is afﬁxed and whether his o r they accepted them as , enacted them themselves, his t with or without name , in ei her case they were a 95 their and act, from them alone received vitality and valid ity.

Mr . Foulho uzc ma m has de no achine which a forged pate nt prohibite d him from making until he should have paid the c . h 33d patentee a ertain sum Is a Degree, t e , for example, a like a m chine, the product of human labor and skill applied w and ? No t la w i to ood iron more than , the law of a R te, is “ a . i l like a p tent right What s invo ved in the word Degree M ? d 33d in asonry What oes the Degree give ? It gives

, l c certain knowledge the know edge of ertain secrets, of cer ai n t n words and sig s, by which o n e may obtain assistance

n c . and e for e obedience It gives power, substantial power ;

an . r o and it gives title and r k That is a Deg ee . N w the l t question is whether a man can take and ho d hat, and refuse to obey the law which from the beginning has defined the conditions on which alone that knowledge could be im m i parted, has i posed the limitat ons on the exercise of that fi power, and de ned its extent and the mode of its exercise and has declared for what offences that rank and that title shall be forfeited. If u one ref ses to be governed by the law, he has obtained n e l no the k owl dge under fa se pretences, has right to exercise l th e l . the power, has no right to c aim rank or wear the tit e A Masonic Degree and the law o f the Degree are insepara ble ; and after fifty years it is t oo late to inquire into the ll l and origin of the la w. It is fo y to ta k about machines

- l patent rights. There is no ana ogy in the comparison. An d inni one m ad 33d the even at the beg ng, suppose e a by l i : Supreme Coun cil at Char eston, had gone to it and sa d This law that you have adopted and promulgated as the F organic law, was never enacted by rederic I am ready to ” it is prove it, and they had answered, we know that but

- re . a good law, and if necessary we should enact it It was l w ﬁ n accepted by us as the a , when we xed the umber of n a m embers of our Council at ine , in ccordance with its pro ﬁll o w n visions. Under them we hold for life and our B ou rero vacancies . y them, and them alone, y have your p g

k . atives, your ran , title, powers Without them you are

ank l air. nothing, and your r and tit e are thin They are our a 96

ll Charter. What matter whence they came If we te you w e of F that framed them , and appended the name rederic, what then ? Does that lessen their force ? Will you say l law that you wou d not have accepted them as the , if you had not supposed Frederic to be the author ? Y o u did n ot l t w seek to know. You swore to obey our aws, withou kno You ll ing what they were . swore to obey those we sha How ll i di ? hereafter enact. wi you avo d obe ence to these

c He . Frederic could not ena t them . had no power It is we ff alone who give them validity and the e ect o f law . Our

adoption o f them is their enactment . What answer would ? ll hi he make Suppose he were to say, I wi use the mac ne, ” because your patent- right was forged ? The 14th Consideration holds that the Grand Orient o f F z its l ll l rance cannot recogni e as equa , and sti ess as its l F author, the Supreme Counci of rance, without contra i i its l i t i d ct ng g or ous past, wi hout abjur ng its own origin, s i i its o wn i ili without ca t ng to the w nds r ghts, without fa ng in its duty to those Masonic Bodies that have conﬁded in ” an its honor d uniformly supported its cause . And 15th the i the expresses dec ded opinion, that in case those who now govern the Grand Orient should consent to commit an act that would make the heroes of the ﬁrst French E shudder ZiIr F ulhouze . o mpire in their tombs ; they, says , who fought victoriously for the principle that we sustain i M l i they and K ng urat who so nob y mainta ned them why,

M . Foulhouze l in that case, essrs and Company wou d have ” i l t do l z noth ng eft hem to , but to be scanda i ed and groan. il Mr u Wh e . Fo lhouze is preparing to disturb in their d ﬁ graves, and set to shud ering there , the heroes of the rst F E i ll l rench mp re , wi he be kind enough to leave a one and

H - i M him quiet the ero K ng urat, on the ground that as to he ll l li made a sma mistake , and that probab y, having in his fe ll z l o f F time fu y recogni ed the Supreme Counci rance , he l not all were Per wou d shudder at , even if he waked up w l ll ’ e haps, too, he i l pass by Ke ermann, and Cambacer s, and l M L Pe de Va ence, and assena, efebvre , de Segur, rignon, ’ B eurn onville R La d Auver ne O udino t —in , ampon, Tour g , n o whom l fact, there is knowing it wou d be safe to wake . 97

If the recognition by the Grand Orient of France of the o f F l Supreme Council rance as its equa , could produce such l z a o . a commotion, the harm was done ong g It recogni ed ‘ z it as such in the Concordat of 1804 . It recogni ed it as such z 1821 1841 it a do en times between and , by treating with as ff : an equal, and attempting to e ect a union with it and ﬁ l on 6th 1841 na ly, when the of November, , it adopted this “ single Resolution : The Bodies under the jurisdiction of the Grand Orient of France may receive as visitors the M B rethren of the Bodies under the Supreme Council. asons under the jurisdiction of the Grand Orient of France may ” —Le l. equally visit the Bodies under the Supreme Counci — 24th 27th of lobe vol. 3 . 427 o n G , , p and when the and — 44 134 141 1841 Le lobe vo l. 4 . 37 , December, G , , pp to , to : the two Bodies mutually received each other when, a few

' days after the S cottish Acacia had covered with the pride of

its branches the members of the Grand Orient, who came l to into the Temple of the Supreme Counci visit it, headed u e anlis P s o f S by the Bro . D s , re ident of the Chamber the

—a , preme Coun cil of Rites , few days after that, we say the l Grand Orient received with the honors due an equa , and i ternal l with a perfectly f ra we come , the Supreme Counc l of

t members, France , in the persons of its most dis inguished P l Ferni Vienn et, the D u e D e cazes, the Comte de g, hi ippe ‘ l D u P l , G Dupin, Baron etit, Baron Saint C air enera Comte l M l i ; taillis, Ju es Barbier, de ont ou s and others when the French and Scottish double battery resounded; and the ban i in ners of the two Bodies ﬂew s de by side, and not one H o f ﬁ t F adva nce of the other. The eroes the rs rench notw1th Empire remained perfectly quiet in their graves,

. standing 0 f i Whatever were the original rights o the Grand Or ent of A A France to the a dministration of the ncient and ccepted l be A , q Rite, Time, the Great rbiter has sett ed the uestion E i the tween it and the Supreme Council. ach has exerc sed f and the interests o those, the power for half a century re u1re , q that each be Masonic people , who work under each . They held lawfully possessed of the power, by prescription S g . The S R , , are , as t o the cottish ite Peers each overei n a 7 98

M u a asonic World holds them so, and they m st hold e ch if all F ce ul s in other so, even the dead of ran sho d hudder ” their graves. The l 6th Consideration is That it is a matter o f public notoriety that the Supreme l il o f t ff d l Counci at Charleston has, unt la e, a ecte to ho d no correspondence with the Supreme Council of the Grand l t l m o f Su Orient, and has invariab y sus ained the c ai s the l o f F preme Counci rance , which, it says, is its creature Al ’ l F 1858 G ( bert Pike s ecture of ebruary, , before the rand

L et s . m o L . 59 e S odge of ouisiana, p , q ) that that upre e C un cil l conse uentl no w in at Char eston cannot, q y, seek to obta that

‘ correspondence without becoming guilty of an odious l w i L dup icity that through its avo ed champ on in ouisiana, Al Pi i l l i Mr. l c bert ke, it has aga n ate y bitter y crit ised the opposition of the Grand Orient to the Supreme Council of France and accused said Grand Orient to be as ridiculous as i in I bid mpertinent its pretensions ( ) , and that at the very moment that diatribe against the Gian d Orient was cir cu l in all of A U of ated the parts the merican nion, the trustees il l L i the Supreme Counc at Char eston, in ou siana, were, i P i through the r agent at aris , profess ng a great devotion to G i the rand Orient, and prepar ng themselves, according to da mn circumstances, either to the Grand Orient and o ur l or l Supreme Counci , to exto the former and take advantage ” n of agai st us his correspondence with it. is not of l i It a matter pub ic notor ety, that the Supreme Council at Charleston has until of late affected to hold no correspondence with the Supreme Coun cil of the Grand inva ria bl Orient, and y sustained the pretensions of the S u l of F l preme Counci rance, which it c aims to be its crea ” ture . 1834 In , the Supreme Council o f France entered into a Treaty of Alliance with the irregular Hicks United S u ” e l fo r W H prem Counci the estern emisphere , at New York, f the creation o Joseph Cerneau and the myrionom ou s Comte de Saint Laurent and maintained a regular correspondence it or with , rather recognized the Comte de Saint Laurent as n its Representative for ma y years. It thus placed itself in a

100

York, and expressed their sentiments of amity and frater — nit for G f Le Globe v ol. 4 . 42 y the rand Orient , , p ; and he again received the testimonials of amity of those ' ’ il Féte de l Ordre the Gra nd Orient n Counc s at the of , in Ju e, — 2 . 1842 Id. . 33 , p As l 28th o f 1827 ear y as the January, , the Supreme Coun cil at Charleston addressed a letter to the Supreme Coun cil Mr F F . oul in the bosom o f the Grand Orient of rance If .

h uze r ﬁn d in vol. 1 a e o is cu ious to see it, he may it , at p g ’

338 of P recis Histori ue . B ésuche t. , the q of the Bro In it the Supreme Council at Charleston expressed its regret at the i its vexat ous circumstances, beyond control, that had for so long a tim e deprived it of a regular correspondence with the Grand Orient ; and sought a renewal and continuance of that correspondence . We are not aware that the Supreme Council at Charleston t or ever under ook to sustain, by argument otherwise, the

“ claims o f either the Grant Orient or the Supreme Council of F e n ot i in l W . rance. do th nk it ever intervened that po emic i 1829 l its What is evident, is that s nce , at east, relations t G t an d never have been wi h the rand Orien , that it has i o f F mainta ned any with the Supreme Council rance, since

i l in 1821. lf i l t its rev va It was itse inact ve for a ong ime, z i maintaining its organi ation, to be sure , and administer ng Ri l l the te at home, but very indo ent y, and not keeping up its correspondence with foreign Bodies ; and it never took the trouble to examine into the questions discussed between the Grand Orient and Supreme Council and when it did take i i did l ll t G . s des, so simp y by a ying itself with the rand Orient l l The Supreme Counci at Char eston, we presume , adopts the doctrine that whatever may originally have been the merits o f the question between the Grand Orient and Su ‘ Cou n cil o f F l i E preme rance , it has been sett ed by t me . ach

fo r ﬁft - has been engaged, the one y four and the other for

- the Hi forty three years, in conferring gh Degrees and cre

i - t G l. i l a ng Inspectors enera It is mpossib e, after such a l o f d l l of apse time , to eny the ega ity the acts of either. That legality r ests On the same foundation as all other pre scription s and each must be regarded as a legal governing a 101

B A c and A ody of the n ient ccepted Rite. They have been compelled so to acknowledge each other and the Supreme

' Council at Charleston will consider itself no t at all pre c ll c luded by its a ian e with the Grand Orient, from contract w i ing a like alliance ith the Supreme Counc l of France . a at an our o f M Th t, y rate, is view asonic law and in it we S c l c hope our upreme Coun il wil con ur. “ ” Mr. Foulhouze tells us that the Rite is this , and the H R . e o f ite is that tells others, that they have no idea its a a of principles, but w ndering amidst mass Charles - are tonian liturgies and recently manufactured Rituals as if in R l w H he alone had the genu e itua s , and ere the great igh of R —he 33d 1845 a Priest the ite , made a in by that Gr nd F 1841 b the icia l re ort o Orient of rance which , in , had, y ofi p f raria n nl 113 ff in its Lib , o y Cahiers of di erent Degrees , all the “ five Rites which it pretended to administer ; forming to in c ll s and those onl im er ect gether n e incomplete o ection , y p f copies of originals tha t had disappeared; and fo r which there existed no archetype to which on e coul d recur in case of mistake or difficulty there being Rites admitted and i recognized by the Grand Orient, for the Cah ers whereof one would search in vain and it appearing in the discus that there were no Ritua ls AT ALL o f R sion that ensued, the ite

' Rect ed Re ime Ar and of Kilwinning and the iﬁ g , in the chives ; ish Rite w w nt that a pa rt of the Ancient and Acc epted Scott as a — t 5 —he — a Le Globe v ol. 3 . 102 o 10 ing , , pp m de by that 1845 w in 1840 l Grand Orient, in , hich cou d supply the ' lemente Amitie at twelve Council o f Kado sh of la C Paris, with of subordi Cahiers only, and delivered no more to any its nate s ; eight o f which related exclusively to the Degree of Sun t ree , Kadosh, h exclusively to the Grand Knight of the 9th r one numbered in them as the 2 Deg ee , and was the part of Grand Introducer to the Degree of Kado sh ; in which were found also some words relating to the admission to the 2d not one Prince of Liban us, 2 Degree ; and could furnish h 25th 26th 27th 20th 21st 23d 24t , , , word as to the 19th, , , ,

— 8. Le Globe . 3 . 8 and 28th Degrees . , vol , p — ra ' ‘ Isis- Month one Co urs CHEMIN D UPONrﬁs of the Lodge y p —a of - Ma onnerie . 289 , tique ole la Franc g , p , s ys Speaking the a 102

Ad Grand Orient Subsequently charging itself with the i l o f Eco ssism all min istrat on o f the who e , it preserved the t t n ta ble cha n es in the Ca hiers e Degrees ; bu i ma de o g , parti n larl H 30th t y in the igher Degrees, the among o hers, which P hil s hica l t has been surnamed o op , to distinguish it from o her f of forms o the Degree that are contrary, some to the spirit ou r a e M r f . g , and some to ason y itsel That is what we ’ l t M Fren chiﬁe d l Ecossisme ra ncise ca l Sco tish asonry ( f ) , “ in contradiction to that which we term in this course genu ne M i P rimitive R l i Scottish asonry, as be ng the ite, itse f the child of a medley of old Degrees that may be counted by l n hundreds. The Grand Orient was right modifying the

' o ld Scottish Masonry but those t o who m it entrusted that i l l to of Hi work, did it w th too itt e care for, as most the gh l l w the r Degrees, they cut away arge y ith scisso s, without ” puttin g anything in the place of what they cut o ut . What does Des Etangs say of the Rituals ? He says (La

’ Ma “ rendue a ses vra is rinci es AUIS R l g p p y ), that the itua s are an incoherent medley of all sorts o f practices and cere old l o f o f E t f monies, taken from the re igions India, gyp , rom i erha s the Jewish and Chr stian books ; which might , p p , in im suﬂiced other t es, have to preserve some truths ; but which are far from meeting the wants o f the age in which we live .

l Mr . Foulhouze S Vassa , says, is the standard book on cot

F . We his tish reemasonry were aware it was standard, because his analysis o f the instruction o f the Degrees is but

- a re hash of Vassal. l Cours Com let de Ma onnerie Vassa , then ( p g ) , says that the 5 i mis reasons given in the th Degree, for its nstitution, are l ” 26 c rab e and immoral (p. 7) that those who made the Degree knew very little that the questions and answers are l fi did n o t fi d most y insigni cant, and that he succeed in n ing — Id. in them anything instructive 269 . The 6th is merely li l l po tica , and he wou d have passed it by in silence , if he — Id 278. had not promised to examine every one separately . He declares that the authors of the 7th Degree have com mitte d in i S l a grave error, say ng that o omon employed the fiv e A c b Orders of r hitecture , and says, It is y the commis a

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more or less rational, more or less positive, and at the same — 20th l n 420 . time more or ess erro eous Out of the , the most fertile imagination and perspicacious penetration could l n or l u no t extract the east instructive notion, the east usef l ll no t consequence . It is rea y a Degree for there is nothing r l in it o f what makes a Degree its inst uction is ong, and is — e dl o f ll , Id. 431 5 composed of an incoh rent me ey a egories , , —F 23d 24th S ab eism l 4 74. 6. The and represent on y The 2 th ' o f an d 5 is an extravagant compound events, facts l i l li ﬁ science, at once po it ca , re gious and scienti c ; its initia — in si niﬁcant 4 77 480 . 27th n ot in tion g , The ought to be

It ' has i n o r ll the scale as a Degree . ne ther symbols a egories connecte d with initiation ; and is still less a philosophical ﬁll a Degree . It seems to have been stuck in simply to a g p l — and retain the name of a ce ebrated Order 507. Its instruo th tion is wholly Christian. It expresses e sincere piety of — h all f h 51 . the Templars . T at is there is o t e Degree 5 The i 29th so to i doctr ne of the , he says, is contrary all rel gions l all l in vogue, that to deve op it in its purity wou d wound te nder consciences ; and it ought to be conferred only on nl l i educated and e ightened men, who wou d apprec ate it in i l t — s f d Id. fact, it on y communica ed, and never con erre

52 . 8, 9 in Such are the op ions o f VASSAL. — ’ i D u o n tes ~ Mém r ur E oi e s l cossisme . 322 Chem n p says, , p

F 4ih 30th l or ﬁve rom the Degree to the , on y four Degrees con erred all the l comm unica ted are f , others ‘being so summari y

ll nih il . A as to be virtua y an ated gain, in conferring these ﬁve R l four or Degrees thus preserved, the itua s are far from e being exactly followed . W have even heard in solemn

' H na l meetings of the igh Degrees , the if avowa , that they did n ot dare to use the cahiers with initiates possessed o f com ” mon sense .

An d . 323 ri l at p The manuals, the tua s, the cahiers of iff t re im e s r ff the d eren g , present ve y great di erences, and we in o f n are certain advance praisi g, criticising or omitting ”

no t . At . things that are in one ritual, and in another p 338 One w ould ha ve a ver inc orrect idea o S cottish Masonr y f y, if he were to content himself with studying it in the ca hiers of the a 105

Grand Orient . We shall therefore be compelled constantly to contrast its cahiers with those of such Masonic Bodies as R l ” have preserved the genuine itua s . 19th 27th “ Of the Degrees from the to the , he says, In fact, the Grand Orient has substituted in the place o f the A l il . n o ncient Ritua s certain ph osophical maxims It has t, it is true, melted several Degrees together, as it has done in the preceding classes . It has given a formulary o f recep tion for each Degree but it has cut up these Degrees more than even the others ; it has taken from them all principle ”— o f l . ife , action and interest 366. O f 24th — . 373 the Degree he says, p , This Degree, l in the which is neverthe ess not to be despised, is limited, o f d l Cahiers the Grand Orient, to the hackneye ob igation of discretion . — 25th . 375 the of Of the , p In Cahiers the Grand l Orient, they content themse ves with making the Candidate promise to employ all his energies to destroy superstition an d make morality triumph ; and to prove that he really on means to keep his promises, he is required the spot to ” r compose a mo a l essa y . — 26th . 377 of all Of the , p There is nothing this in the

Cahiers o f the Grand Orient. The knowledge and opinions " o f the Candidate are judged of by a mora l essa y cy his compo iti u He o n in s o . is congratulated being permitted to concur soliciting entrance into the Temple o f Wisdom ; and the

- l P . s ass Word is given him, which is and the ing e sign, which is to — 2 7th . 380 : A l Of the , p ccording to these historica of who data, which seem to have escaped the notice those of go t up the Cahiers the Grand Orient, the Commander of the Temple could be one of the most important of the De li l l. l grees styled phi osophica They have made it a nu ty, reduced to the ordinary obligation. — h . 385 Of the 29t , Knight of the Sun, p The l Cahiers o f the Grand Orient have made the Degree a most aS l ran t ll g null. The p requests to be a owed to emer e from w H l L , the darkness, to see the True ight and to kno the o y ” Truth . 106

ul uze ll t a o in Mr . Fo ho te s us hat a few years g some one trusted him with a copy of a French Ritual ” to be revised and corrected ; and that he found its Cahiers not worth ’ di l in toto w Va a correcting, they sagreeing a most ith ss l s book. Mr ulhouze a one n Does . Fo imagine th t no k ows enough to l di iff tell those whom he is de u ng, that the old Rituals d er Vassal l e a al E a s the from , simp y becaus V ss , like Des t ng , c made Ri Grand Orient and every Body else who hose, the t uals to suit himself. Nobody goes to Vassal to get a correct

a o him o Vassal. Hi Ritu l ; if they g to at all, they g to get s ’ i sal s R ttish H Vas co . book conta ns ite, and not the S Rite e l min D u ontes who a a went on the princip e of Che p , s id th t

S R . ra me ac oul e ach cotch ite Degree was a f , which e h c d ﬁll We r . ct M up as he thought proper have no obje ion to . Foulhoupe ﬁllin g up the fr ames in any way he likes : many w others have done it before him, and many ill do it after ll or as a . him . Few have done it wi do it badly s he But we do object to his pretending that he is working by the old Rituals and the old Scottish Rite ; especially when he undertakes to tell us that w e have only recently- manu factured Rituals . We rather suspect that we have many older R l more Rituals and many itua s than he has. And we object also to his undertaking to pass his own i principles or rather notions, upon any port on of the frater

nit is R . ba y, as the genuine Scott h ite Good or d, they are He his own. has made up a Compendium of what he says each Degree teaches : but scar cely any of them teach a m ade wh t he says. If he has them to do so, he has made a Foulho uze- and Vassal Rite ; but it is not the An cient and

A e S . l l R e ccept d cottish Rite, and as itt e the it of Perfe ction. It is true that the object of the Scottish Rite is to effect a i ll l the physic l, moral and nte ectua improvement of its ini

a . A l o f as ti tes very few, on y, its Degrees, originally fr c amed, onduct to that end in any marked degree. It is an a a gglomeration, not systematic succession of Degrees. It a teaches industry and the excellence of labor, the mor l vir and tues, the great cardinal truths on which all Religions r a e founded . Its intellectual teachings are to be found in a

108

entail upon the power committing the act, the loss of its ” of o f . independence , its authority, and even its existence

I bid.

l - l h That the se f sty ed Supreme Council at C arleston has, s l l l t A con equent y, p aced itse f withou the pale of the ncient A R " and ccepted Scottish ite, when, from its origin, and in d m l violation of that fun a enta principle, it has given up the t R h as ﬁrst hree Degrees thereof to the York ite , and e L o f l merg d them into the Grand odges the atter, and that l t of i i l in consequence of that vio a ion, none the ndiv dua s whom that Council o r its Consistory in Louisiana are l l ll in n p eased to admit, can be awfu y itiated, even accordi g i Alli to the Statutes, Ordinances, Treat es, ances, which ” they invoke .

These Considerations, so far as they charge that the il l n o t l Supreme Counc at Char eston, by regarding an artic e, i i l o f 1834 or a pr nc p e embodied in an article , the Treaty of , to which she wa s no a rt l o ut the l p y, has put herse f of pa e of i Ri l to . the Scott sh te , are too absurd to be rep ied An d so far as they claim that the Supreme Council cannot M u l make regular Scottish asons, beca se it has yie ded up the ﬁ t o L — rst three Degrees the Grand odges, as this humbug ﬁ l t ll has been guring large y for some time, we migh as we explode it at once . To do that we need only to say

l st. That a person who has received the three symbolic in ul L of E l F Degrees a reg ar odge either the ng ish, rench , o r R l M M re Scottish ite , is a regu ar aster ason, and every g l o f M u ar Body asons in the world is bound to consider, z recogni e, and receive him as such .

M M 2d. That a aster ason who has regularly received the one R n ot third Degree in ite , does need to receive it in n h L a ot er, in order to be admitted to visit in odges of that order.

M 3d. That any aster Masonin good standin g is competent 3d o f to receive the Degrees above the , the Scottish Rite and nothing more ever was required. If he was of the York

a. 109

he Rite , fﬁ a 3d r could be a li ted to the Deg ee, and then re ceive the others .

4th . That as the Supreme Council at Charleston had the gh z ri t to authori e its subordinates to give the Degrees , com m en cin 4th M g with the , to aster Masons of the En lish Rite g , ll it was equa y for to sa for competent her y that, the sake o f

, to l Peace she would leave the symbo ic Lodges of the English R , ﬁ ite the conferring of these rst three Degrees or in d l , M M - other wor s wou d receive aster asons, ready made, r f f om them, instead o making them herself through her sub t ordina es.

5th. That so the Supreme Council of France had a perfe ct G right to resign to the rand Orient the conferring of the l 18th i Degrees up to and inc uding the , and d d not annihilate herself by doing so .

6th. ﬁ G L That the rst rand Consistory of ouisiana, and o f l the Supreme Council New Or eans, when in and before 1839 l the , and for a ong time after, y left the conferring of the ﬁ l L no rst three Degrees to symbo ic odges, did more than the h ad y a perfect right to do .

The truth is, that nobody ever could have raised a doubt o n l the subject, except some one who never ooks beyond words i thin s who o n nto the essence of g , and thinks e set of u d so n l . words as good as another, if they as we l The 26th Consideration is : so That there is, besides these rea ns which are suggested by the Charlestonia ns themselves and which condemn their

pretensions , a positive and incontrovertible fact, to wit

S R - the cottish ite, in thirty three Degrees, such as we pro n o old Con fess it, has other possible foundation than the stitution s of the various Bodies, which possessed them in l in 1761 i ll P the who e or part before , and espec a y the rime ” i the val R te of same name , To this Consideration we simply an swer that the o f S R i foundation the cottish ite , as a separate and dist nct a 110

R 1786 ite, is the Constitutions of , whenever and wherever t l they were made that they and hey a one created the rank, fﬁ i i G o ce, power, and d gnity of Sovere gn rand Inspector General they arranged the Degrees of the Rite and they all R were accepted and received by who received the ite , as its fundamental law ; and that for a man to repudiate these or ed ll l 33d Constitutions as f g , and sti c aim to be a and to have a Supreme Council and administer the Ancient and A R i l t in l l l ccepted ite, is equ va en ogica accuracy and ethica i re cons stency to denouncing a transaction as a theft, and taining the stolen goods to alleging a patent o f nobility to ll c l l be forged, and sti aiming and wearing the tit e which it pretended to create . The 27th Consideration is — That according to the principle which alone is just M that every ason, whether he be a Catholic or a Protest a or H ha s ant, Christian a eathen, the right to form, t S m toge her with his Brethren, a upre e Council in his

country that every Sovereign and Independent State has, for t aS l the same reason, a righ to upreme Counci ; that no Supreme Council o f another State can interfere with its i ll l l i l t Jurisd ction, and sti ess estab ish, with n the imi s of i it t s o f its territory, Bodies oppos ng for the in ere t a foreign ” power.

Such, in fact, is at present the great argument that every sovereign and independent State has the right to have a S u preme Council of its o wn. To that we answer

l st . be l L That if that so, it wi l be time enough for ouisiana o f S M to have one , when the Body cottish asons in the State, i l , one by convent on or genera consent concur, in creating Louisiana ne and that whatever the right of , that is o thing, Mr F u and the right of . oulho ze to create a Supreme Council and proclaim himself or it Autocrat of the Scottish Rite in

anothe r : L not l him Louisiana, is that ouisiana has se ected to enforce her right to a Supreme Council does not think l di l o n it essentia to her gnity, that he shou d be perched up l o f i i a pasteboard pinnac e m m c power, that a few infatuated adherents may duck and cringe to him ; and that when the a

APPE DIX N .

P t t of Al xa ndr Fran ois A g st Co t de G ss - i a en e e ugu e m e ra e T lly, o o i i l in the A i fr m the r g na rch ves of the Supreme Council at C l t har es on .

Unirersi ferra ra m orbis Architecton ie Gloria a b in eni g is. Deus meum u e u g J s. Ordo a b Ch a o.

t h E f th From e ast o e Grand an d S upreme Council of the most

Puis n t S e ei s G d s to - G e l sa ov r gn , ran In pec rs en ra , under the celes " ’ i l of the Z it i h sw to 32 4 o th L t a canopy en h wh c an ers N r at . To the ost ll t i s ost i m I us r ou , m Val ant and Sublime Princes of the R l S et i hts f - o . ll H. s oya ecr , Kn g K , I u trious Princes and i G d Ineﬂ able and S bli F A Kn ghts, ran u me ree, ccepted an d Per fect M s s of all D ees A i nt an d Mod a on , egr , nc e ern, o ver the sur f ace of the t wo Hemispheres

T o all to whom these Letters of Credence shall come o

Health St bilit and Po , a y, wer.

w e we the d si d So ei G Kno y , that un er gne , ver gn rand Inspectors G al dul an d l ll st blis d and ener , y awfu y e a he congregated in Su C il of 33d D ll preme ounc the egree, have carefu y and duly

' e i ll st io B th r Co Al d F i xam ned our I u r us ro e , unt exan re ranco s

A t de G ass - ill in l D hi ugus e r e T y, the severa egrees w ch he has lawfully received ; and at his special request we do hereby cer tif l d l i our ll st io s B ot Al y, acknow e ge and proc a m I u r u r her exandre

F is A G s - ill of s ill s in F n eu ranco uguste de ra se T y, Ver a e , ra ce, c i nt C t i of C l an d E i e in the s i th e ap a n ava ry, an ng n er erv ce of e U it S tes of A e i to E t Mast an d P st Mas n ed ta m r ca, be an xper er a t er of S li Lod lso S e Master P t the ymbo c ge, and a a ecr t , erfec M s i t S e t P v s and d I t d t of the a ter, Int ma e cre ary, ro o t Ju ge, n en an B il i M st Ele t d of n i ll st io s El t d of ﬁ u d ng, a er c e ne, I u r u ec e fteen , S ubli K i t El te G an d M ster A hite t Ro l A h me n gh ec d, r a rc c , ya rc , an l t Perf e t S bli e Maso . We do ls e tif d Grand E ec , c and u m n a o c r y i ht of the E st or S o d P i of sal him to be a Kn g a w r , r nce Jeru em, f t he E st and West i t of the Ea l and So e i n Knight o a , Kn gh g e v re g 8 a 114

' P i of Ros C oi de Heredom G d Pontiﬁ Mast ad mtam r nce e r x , ran , er , P t ria h o hit e C lie Pr ssia P i e of Libanus G n d a rc N ac , heva r u n, r nc , ra A d nd Chi of t h M st r E ossais i t of St . a e b a e c , Kn gh n rew, ef Ta er n aele P in e of the b l P i of Merc i t of the , r c Ta ernac e, r nce y, Kn gh B raz Se e t Co de r of the m le So e i i ht of en rp n , mman Te p , v re gn Kn g

A K- H - n i t f th i n B Sun P i de t . o e W t a d l k E l , r nce p , K gh h e ac ag e,

P i e of the Ro al Se et an d Sov r i G n d ns to - Gen r nc y cr , e e gn ra I pec r l n d Me be of the S e Co n il th d a e 33 D ee. era , m r upr me u c of egr An d we do also certify that the said Illustrious Brother is Grand Com a de for li e in the Fre W st di sl d m n r f nch e In a I an s. An d we hereby au thorize an d empower our said Illustrious Brother Count Alexandre Francois Auguste de Grasse- Tilly t o est blis on t s e i ten d an d ins e t all Lo d s Ch a h , c grega e, up r n , p c ge , ap t ers Co ils Coll s an d Co sisto ies of the Ro l an d Mili , unc , ege , n r ya ta O d r of An ie t an d Moder F ee M so o e the sur ry r e c n n r a nry, v r of the t wo H is s e bl to the G d C o sti io face em phere , agr ea y ran n tut ns. We th e o e o d all and e of our af o s i , er f r , c mman ev ry re a d ni ts P i es an d S bli e Masons t o ei an d ackn owl K gh , r nc u m rec ve d our ll st io s B oth Cou t Ale d e F a ois Au ust e ge I u r u r er, n xan r r nc g e de G sse- Till in his se e al lities t o the i est D in ra y, v r qua , h gh egree M so r an d sh all e i o ate t he att tio s s own t o him a n y we r c pr c en n h , t o th ose Brethren who m ay present themselves t o our Supreme Co il f nis ed with l w ul ertiﬁ ates or lette s of ede e. unc , ur h a f c c r cr nc To i h l tte s of d e we the n de si ed S o i wh c e r cre enc , , u r gn vere gn

G nd s e to s- Gen eral be s of the S u e e Co n il f ra In p c r , mem r pr m u c o the 33d De ee in Ch rlesto So t C oli he n t o sub gr a n, u h ar na, reu s ibed o ur es an d ffi ed t e eto the G n d Seal of the s id cr nam , a x h r ra a llust iou s O rd r in the G a d Co il Ch ber ea the I r e , r n unc am , n r t is i ete t da of th C C . e 12th o th B . n t h u der e . h n n en h y m n all d Adar of the Rest o tio 5 5 62 An o L is 580 2 an d of c e , ra n , n uc ,

the Ch istian Era the 2 1st da of F br r 1 802 . r y e ua y,

J OHN MITC ELL K- H R H , P . . S ov erei n ran Ins ector- eneral 33d and ran Com m an S g G d p G , , G d der.

AL - FRED . D C O K H R . S . H , P . ,

overei n ran In s ector- eneral 33d and Lieuten ant - ran Comm an er S g G d p G , , G d d .

I AAC AULD K- H R S , . , P . . S . , overei n ran Ins ector- ener l o S g G d p G a f the 33d .

J OWEN - . . K H R . , . , P . S . B B , overei n ran Ins ector- eneral 33d and ran Master S g G d p G , , G d of Ceremon ies. J N BE M DEL . AH E OGU , v r n In - neral 3 d and L So a s . e 3 ieu . t . C f h . . o W G d p G , , G t e French est Indies.

- l . D . LIE EN K H P R B , , . . S

- ran Ins . Gen . 33d and ran Treasure r of he Em i t G d p , , d t p re . . G , p AB ALE . X AND ER,

- Sov . ran Ins en o h . G . f t e 33d and Gr ecretar of th ir G d p . S y e Holy Emp e

116

i t the s tt tio s s o him to t promise to rec proca e ame a en n h wn , hose t h ma se t th s l es in our S bli Co il Bre hren w o y pre n em e v u me unc s, t Ce tiﬁ t es or Lett s of C d furnished wi h r ca er re ence. To which Let ters of C redence we have subscribed ournames t h Gr t S l of our S ubli O de in Gr n an d affixed e ea ea me r r, our a d

Co il C a b r the B . B . d the C . the 5th unc h m er, nea un er — da Of the 5th o t ll d 5 5 62 A o L is 5 802 and of the y m n h ca e , nn uc ,

l a Era the 3d da Of A st 180 2 . Vu g r , y ugu ,

J N MITC ELL K- H O . . R H H , S P . S ov ’ en O f the 33d De ree and ran Comm G . an S . g G d der of h U A t e . S . .

I AL K- H FREDER C D C O . . R K H , , S P . . S f th 3 d De ree and Lieut O e 3 g s . Com m r f he U A ande o t . S . .

L ea l of the O r er. . S . S d A RA AM LEXANDER B H A , E H . .

We Al d F ois A u ste de G ss S o v r e e . G . s , xan r ranc ug ra e, In p.

’

. Co d Gen . 33d D e Gr a d m tam for t he egre , mman er , F Le w d and Windw d sl ds Of A ri rench e ar ar I an me ca, Certify that the above and elsewhere mentioned Letter of Cre i hi dence s conformable to t hat deposited in my Arc ves. Gi e at the G d i t of the CAPE this l 6th da of the v n ran Or en , y 7th o t O f the 55 6 m n h year 2 .

i ne - AUGU T DE RA E K H of the R . E . . "S g d" S G SS , , P S A CAIGNET . . By order DALET "Signed" .

E i ed an d tiﬁ d b us we ti these resents t o be xam n cer e y , cer fy p

o fo bl t o the P t ts t s ib d u On ist fol. 74 c n rma e a en ran cr e p our reg er, nd 75 a .

At t Y d M s i o th S . o e C b the l oth da of th e 1l th ag u a, y a on c m n , 5 805 and we fﬁ ed the G l f the Pri s M sons , a x rand Sea o nce a ,

J l oth 180 6 . anuary ,

Gran eal f T BIDEAUD d S o AN . ,

e rin . I G P ces Masons " S . G .