La Familia Hymenochaetaceae En México Iii. El Género Aurificaria DA

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La Familia Hymenochaetaceae En México Iii. El Género Aurificaria DA Núm. 24, pp. 153-166, ISSN 1405-2768; México, 2007 LA FAMILIA HYMENOCHAETACEAE EN MÉXICO III. EL GÉNERO AURIFICARIA D. A. REID Ricardo Valenzuela Laboratorio de Micología, Departamento de Botánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, I.P.N. Apartado Postal 256, Centro Operativo Naranjo, Col. Santa María de la Rivera, México, DF, CP 02600, MÉXICO. E-mail: [email protected] Tania Raymundo y Joaquín Cifuentes Herbario FCME, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM, Apartado Postal 70-399, Coyoacán, México, DF, CP 04510, MÉXICO. E-mail: [email protected] RESUMEN Two species were identified: A. castilloi R. Valenz., Raymundo and Cifuentes, newly Se examinaron 33 muestras del género described herein, and A. luteoumbrina (Ro- Aurificaria procedentes de los estados de mell) D. A. Reid. Pertinent materials held Chiapas, Campeche, Jalisco, Michoacán, by the Mexican Herbaria ENCB, FCME, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Querétaro, Quintana IBUG, MEXU, XAL y UNL and the fo- Roo, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Veracruz y Zaca- reign Herbaria BPI and NY were revised. tecas en la República Mexicana y E.U.A. Se identificaron dos especies: A. castilloi Key words: Basidiomycota, Hymenochae- R. Valenz., Raymundo y Cifuentes que se tales, Aurificaria castilloi, A. luteoumbrina. describe como especie nueva y A. luteo- umbrina (Romell) D. A. Reid. El material INTRODUCCIÓN revisado se encuentra depositado en los herbarios institucionales mexicanos ENCB, El género Aurificaria fue descrito por Reid FCME, IBUG, MEXU, XAL y UNL y en los (1963) con tres especies: A. indica (Massee) Herbarios extranjeros BPI y NY. D. A. Reid, A. luteoumbrina (Romell) D. A. Reid y A. poncei (Lloyd) D. A. Reid. En este Palabras clave: Basidiomycota, Hy- género se incluyen hongos terrestres o ligní- menochaetales, Aurificaria castilloi, A. colas con basidiomas central o lateralmente luteoumbrina. estipitados, lobados o sésiles, dimidiados, imbricados y enteros. Píleo amarillo a café ABSTRACT oscuro, frecuentemente cubierto por un polvo amarillo dorado, al principio atercio- Thirty-three specimens of the genus Aurifi- pelado a tomentoso, después glabro, con caria from the states of Chiapas, Campeche, una cutícula negra que se forma desde la Jalisco, Michoacán, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, base hacia el margen, usualmente zonado. Querétaro, Quintana Roo, Sonora, Tamau- Himenóforo poroide y contexto amarillen- lipas, Veracruz and Zacatecas in the Mexi- to a café dorado o café rojizo, zonado, de can Republic and U.S.A. were examined. consistencia corchosa a leñosa, duro y que- 153 Núm. 24:153-166 Noviembre 2007 bradizo. Sistema hifal es monomítico con En México, Aurificaria luteoumbrina ha hifas generativas de septos simples, septos sido registrada por varios autores en forma frecuentes a muy espaciados, de paredes directa o indirecta, el primero fue Murrill delgadas a gruesas, dando las apariencia de (1908) quien describió Pyropolyporus hifas esqueléticas, hialinas a café rojizas en sublinteus Murrill de Topolobampo, Sonora KOH, setas y elementos setígeros ausentes. y la mencionó con el mismo nombre en su Basidiosporas hialinas a café oscuras en estudio de Polyporaceae de México (Mu- agua y café oliváceas en KOH, inamiloides. rrill, 1912). Saccardo (1912) la transfiere a Posteriormente, Ryvarden (1977a, 1977b, Fomes sublinteus (Murrill) Sacc. et Trott., 1983) reconoció a A. shoreae (Wakef.) Murrill (1915) la citó como Fulvifomes Ryvarden, A. flammans (Berk.) Ryvarden sublinteus (Murrill) Murrill, Lloyd (1915) y A. euphoriae (Pat.) Ryvarden dentro del la registró como Polyporus sublinteus género, respectivamente. (Murrill) Lloyd y Ryvarden (1972) la con- sideró como Phellinus sublinteus (Murrill) Este género es considerado dentro de la Ryvarden. Más tarde, Ryvarden (1985) Familia Hymenochaetaceae en el Orden al estudiar los especímenes tipo descritos Aphyllophorales por Ryvarden (1991), sin por Murrill, consideró a Pyropolyporus embargo, Hawksworth et al. (1995) y Kirk et sublinteus como un sinónimo de Aurificaria al. (2001) transfieren a la Familia Hymeno- luteoumbrina. Lowe (1957) la comunicó de chaetaceae al Orden Hymenochaetales. México como Fomes sublinteus, Guzmán (1975) como Pyropolyporus sublinteus Con respecto a la distribución mundial de y Ryvarden y Johansen (1980) y Larsen las especies de Aurificaria, A. indica fue y Cobb-Poulle (1990) como Phellinus comunicada de Asia (Reid, 1963), de la sublinteus en todos los casos basándose en el India como Polyporus luteoumbrinus Ro- espécimen tipo de Sonora. Guzmán (1972) mell (Bakshi, 1971), de Kenya en África al estudiar los especímenes de hongos de- (Ryvarden, 1972; Ryvarden y Johansen, positados en el Herbario BPI citó a Fomes 1980) y de Malasia (Corner, 1991); A. sublinteus de Chiapas (M. E. Hale 19989, luteoumbrina ha sido referida de Australia BPI-US0234944) y Oaxaca (M. E. Hale y Sudamérica (Reid, 1963), de América 20627, BPI-US0244224), no obstante, estos Central y del Caribe (Murrill, 1908, 1915) especímenes fueron estudiados por uno de y de Norteamérica (Gilbertson y Ryvarden, los autores de este trabajo (R. Valenzuela) 1986); A. poncei se ha citado de Filipinas en 1996 y no corresponden a Aurificaria (Reid, 1963; Ryvarden y Johansen, 1980); luteoumbrina sino a dos especies de A. shoreae ha sido mencionada de la India Phellinus no determinadas. Pérez-Moreno (Bakshi, 1971; Ryvarden, 1977a; Ryvarden y Villarreal (1988) enlistaron a Fomes y Johansen, 1980); A. flammans ha sido sublinteus de Chiapas, basándose en la refe- comunicada de la India (Ryvarden, 1977b) rencia de Guzmán (1972) y en el espécimen y A. euphoriae ha sido mencionada de de Hale. Guzmán y Herrera (1971) y Banda- Vietnam (Saccardo, 1895 como Polystictus la et al. (1993) hicieron una recopilación bi- euphorbiae (Pat.) Sacc.; Patouillard, 1900, bliográfica sobre los poliporáceos de México como Xanthochrous euphoriae (Pat.) Pat.; y estos últimos mencionan a Aurificaria Ryvarden, 1983). luteoumbrina para los estados de Chiapas, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Sinaloa y Sonora, sin 154 Valenzuela-Garza et al.: La Familia Hymenochaetaceae en México III. El género Aurificaria D.A. Reid. embargo, los registros de Chiapas y Oaxaca maño de los poros y a los cambios de color corresponden a los enlistados por Guzmán que se presentaron al maltratarse, secarse o (1972) y no se pudo corroborar la referencia exponerse a KOH 5%. Para los caracteres que cita a la especie para el estado de Sina- mencionados anteriormente, se siguieron los loa. Ryvarden y Guzmán (1993) registran lineamientos marcados por Cifuentes et al. a Aurificaria luteoumbrina de Quintana (1986) y Gilbertson y Ryvarden (1986). Los Roo. Valenzuela et al. (2002) y Raymundo colores mencionados en las descripciones de y Valenzuela (2003) enlistan a esta especie las especies se basan en la tabla de Kornerup de Querétaro y Oaxaca, respectivamente. y Wanscher (1978). Cuando fue posible se obtuvieron fotografías de algunos espe- MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS címenes en fresco. Una vez caracterizado el material, las recolectas se trasladaron al Para la realización del presente trabajo se Laboratorio de Micología del Departamen- revisaron los especímenes depositados en to de Botánica de la Escuela Nacional de los herbarios extranjeros BPI y NY y en Ciencias Biológicas del IPN donde se pro- los herbarios mexicanos: ENCB, IBUG, cedió al secado y herborizado del material MEXU, UNL y XAL. Además, se estudiaron y su posterior observación microscópica de especímenes de Aurificaria recolectados acuerdo al procedimiento establecido por en los estados de Campeche, Querétaro y Gilbertson y Ryvarden (1986) y Ryvarden Sonora, a los cuales se les había tomado los (1991). Duplicados del material fueron de- datos de campo necesarios para su determi- positados en el Herbario FCME. Los dibujos nación. Se consideraron las características fueron hechos a escala y para su elaboración morfológicas tales como: tamaño, forma, se utilizó una cámara clara. El significado de color, textura y consistencia del basidioma, algunos términos se basó en el Diccionario se dio especial énfasis a la forma y el ta- de Micología de Ulloa (1991). CLAVE DICOTÓMICA DE LAS ESPECIES MEXICANAS DEL GÉNERO AURIFICARIA 1- Basidiomas de color amarillo ocre cuando jóvenes, café dorado a café oscuro cuando maduros. Contexto de color café amarillento a café. Himenóforo con poros de 2-4 por mm. Basidiosporas de 6.4-8 x 4.8-6.4 μm ................................................. Aurificaria castilloi 1- Basidiomas de color amarillo brillante cuando jóvenes, café oliváceo, café canela a café oscuro cuando maduros. Contexto de color amarillo brillante a amarillo ocre. Himenóforo con poros de 6-8 por mm. Basidiosporas de 4-5.6 x 3.5-4.4 μm ............................................... ................................................................................................... Aurificaria luteoumbrina 155 Núm. 24:153-166 Noviembre 2007 Descripción de las especies y viejos, escasa o nula en los jóvenes, ater- ciopelado a finamente tomentoso en especí- Aurificaria castilloiR. Valenz., T. Raymundo menes jóvenes, glabrescente en la madurez, et Cifuentes sp. nov. agrietado o rimoso en los viejos, de azonado Polibotánica, 24: 156, 2007. a zonado, sulcado, rugoso o tuberculoso, Figs. 1-5. Fotos 1-7 y 15-17. en algunos pruinosos, con el polvo de color amarillo ocre (5C7) en ejemplares jóvenes Basidiomata annua, sessile vel substipitata. café (6E8) en los maduros. Margen agudo Pileus ochraceus luteus, aureus bruneus vel y fértil, de color amarillo ocre (5C7) en obscure bruneus, sulcatus, rugosus vel tu- especímenes
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