DOCSLIB.ORG

IPT Electronics: High Power Density Inverter

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
IPT Electronics: High Power Density Inverter IPT Electronics : High Power Density Inverter 65kW at 250V (80kW at 300V) 500ARMS at 57C coolant, 450ARMS at 72C coolant 22kg => 3000W/kg (includes 3/2kW bidirectional DC-DC converter) Advanced power control circuits High accuracy torque control DC-DC Converter Traction Designed for Section Inverter automotive reliability Section INVERTER R&D System Simulation Framework – E-Drives Customer Specification Matlab/Simulink Controller Transmission Assumptions V DC V AC M M M T DC Supply Transmission Load IDC Inverter IAC Motor N M N T Motor Requirements Motor Electromagnetic Design Ansoft/Speed Performance Evaluation Motor Mechanical Design DyRoBeS Motor Thermal Design MotorCad/Ansoft Inverter Requirements Preliminary Design Matlab Transmission Requirements Preliminary Design Cost Evaluation INVERTER R&D Advanced Technology Developments Power Semiconductor Packaging Design & Manufacturing INVERTER R&D ECOSTAR POWER MODULE FACILITY Spatial Requirements I n t e R r e Silicon c l Efficiency o i a n b n i e l i c t y y t i o n n Thermal & Inductance Paths • Thermal Stress on wire bonds • INVERTER R&D Inductive effects in Power Module Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Each Layers Material Density Thermal condutivity Specific heat Young’s modile CTE (kg 3m ) (W/m K) (J/kg K) (GPa) (ppm/K) Copper 8979 389 381 112.9 16.4 AlSiC 3100 150 880 227 6.8 60Sn/ 40 Pb solder 8470 50 364.5 29.8 21.1 DBC AIN 8930 170 431 327 2.5 95Pb/ 5Sn solder 11100 35 133.7 20.4 25.1 Thermal grease 2703 0.735 796 0.011 16.4 Aluminum 2760 237 858.8 70 23.6 Silicon 2330 153 @ 25 oC 702 112.9 2.54 119 @ 77 oC 98.9 @ 127 oC 76.2 @ 227 oC INVERTER R&D Thermal Resistance Predicted Using Numerical Tools In developing Ballard Custom Power Module with integrated pinfin baseplate, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate fluid flow along fins and heat transfer within solids. CAD model The predicted maximum junction-to-coolant thermal resistance is 0.09 oC/W per switch, and the average number is about 0.08 oC/W per switch. Temperature predicted from CFD simulation INVERTER R&D Junction Temperature of IGBT and Diode 118.2 Application condition similar to 114.9 111.6 IPT “Full Torque Stall”. 108.2 Power loss is 350W for IGBT and 104.9 105W for Diode per switch. 101.6 98.3 o 95.0 Coolant inlet temperature is 85 C, Inlet flow rate is 2 gpm. 91.6 88.3 Outl et 85.0 Temperature predicted from CFD simulation for CPM with pinfin baseplate IGBT and Diode Temperature for CPMs with Flat and Pinfin Baseplates CPM wi th f l at A lSi C baseplate CPM wi th pinf i n A lSi C baseplate o T(jIGBT C) 139 118 o T(jDiode C) 127 112 INVERTER R&D Comparison Thermal resistance reduced by 40% for integrated pin-fin power module. Standard flat Integrated pin-fin Percentage baseplate baseplate reduction Average thermal 0.12 oC/W 0.07 oC/W 40% resistance per swi tch Average IGBT 97 oC 81oC 40% * junct i on temperature Maxi mum measured 105 oC 84oC 47% * IGBT temperature * Note: Percentage reducti on refers to temperature difference between junction and coolant that has inl et temperature of 60 oC in th i s test. INVERTER R&D Problem Approach to Inductance Challenge 1.00 Simulation & Modeling of Structure 2.00 Inductance formulae for current paths 3.00 Physical Systems Test INVERTER R&D Inductance Analysis OBJECTIVES • Optimize layout for minimum inductance • Reduce Parasitics • Lower switching losses • Minimize effects of body diode recovery • Reduce bond wire stress • Minimize EMI Alternative Embedded Busbar Structures INVERTER R&D Inductance Analysis of the D.C. Link ANSOFT Simulation Model Measured Results Units = nH Termi na ls shorted Ta Tb Tc phase Sa 4.5 7.2 9.2 Sb 6.0 4.1 6.0 Sc 9.2 7.2 4.5 INVERTER R&D Path Inductance - The Bond Wires Delta Inductance - 15 mil & 20 mil Path Inductance of Bond Wires Wires 1.2 1 1 0.8 0.8 0.6 20mil nH 0.6 nH 15 mil 0.4 0.4 Inductance in nH 0.2 0.2 0 0 0 1020 30 Wire #'s - (1-2), (2-3), (3-4) Wire Diameter in mil Physical Testing Formulae Based 15 mil wire INVERTER R&D Achieved Benefits Increased package performance: Significant reduction in parasitic inductance Significant reduction in thermal resistance Increased power density Increase packaging integration Reduced system packaging space Reduced system cost Improved reliability INVERTER R&D Transient Thermals ° C/W 1.00 E +00 Cu Junction to Base Cu Substrate to Base - Al203 Comparison 1.00 E-01 AlSic : Junction to Base Cu baseplate AlSic : Substrate to Base - AlN With Al203 DBC compared to 1.00 E-02 AlSic and Aln DBC. 1.00 E-03 AlSic & Aln offers a 10% improvement in thermal resistance 1.00 E-04 Due to the Aln DBC substrate 1.00 E-05 1.00 E-05 1.00 E-04 1.00 E-03 1.00 E-02 1.00 E-01 1.00 1.00 E+00 E+00 1.00 E+01 1.00 100mS - Pulse - 800A Power Module INVERTER R&D Materials Reliability 1.00 E +08 Comparison Wire Bond Capabili ty with coati ng 1.00 E+07 • Cu with Al203 Wire Bond Capabili ty with NO protecti ve coat ing 1.00 E+06 • AlSic with Aln • Wire Bond Coating improvement 1.00 E+05 Solder fati gue for A lSi c & A ln 1.00 E-04 Solder fati gue for Cu & Al 203 1.00 E-03 110 130 150 30 50 70 90 Temperature Delta in Tj INVERTER R&D POWER SILICON • IGBT Heat Diffusion • Stress in bond wire. - IGBT Devices evaluated - Eupec, Semikron, ABB, Toshiba, Hitachi, Fuji This view is below bond wire. INVERTER R&D TOSHIBA IGBT Technical Trend for Cross Section (600V – 1700V) ConventionalConventional Design Design CurrentCurrent Design Design FutureFuture Design Design PT-Trench Thin NPT-Trench Ultra Thin PT-Trench Emitter Gate Emitter Gate Emitter Gate P+ P+ P+ P- Base P- Base P- Base N+ N+ N+ N­ N- (Epi) N Buffer N­ N Buffer P+ P+ Collector P+ Collector • Ultra Thin Wafer ImprovementImprovement for for TradeTrade off off of of • Low Injection Efficiency Eoff-VCE(sat)Eoff-VCE(sat) Collector INVERTER R&D TOSHIBA 600V IGBT Eoff-VCE(sat) Trade-off Ultra Thin PT-Trench Thin NPT-Trench PT-Planer (Future) VS (Latest) VS (Conventional) Eoff - VCE(sat) of 600V Type @V C C =300V, IC =Rated-IC , VGE=+-15V 0.12 Future(Target) 125͠ 0.10 Compact MIP 25͠ 0.08 0.06 ThinThin-NPT-Trench NPT-Trench PT-PlanerPT-Planer UltraUltra-Thin-PT-Trench Thin PT-Trench Eoff (mJ/A) 0.04 0.02 0.00 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 VCE(sat) (V) INVERTER R&D Switching Waveforms Clamped inductive load switching at 25C. Red trace SiC, blue trace 1200V hyperfast Si pin diode 25 0 20 -100 15 10 -200 5 -300 0 Id (A) (A) Id Vd (V) (V) Vd -400 -5 -10 -500 -15 -600 -20 -25 -700 0 100 200 300 400 500 0 100 200 300 400 500 Time (ns) Time (ns) current voltage INVERTER R&D Reverse Recovery Summary 25C Si PiN SiC SiC vs Si Peak reverse current Ipr (A) 12.5 3 24% Reverse recovery time Trr (ns) 37 19 51% Recovered charge Qrr (nC) 231 28 12% Diode loss Eoff Diode PJ) 69 9 13% IGBT loss Eon IGBT PJ) 173 149 86% 125C Si PiN SiC SiC vs Si Peak reverse current Ipr (A) 17.5 3 17% Reverse recovery time Trr (ns) 51 19 37% Recovered charge Qrr (nC) 446 28 6% Diode loss Eoff Di ode (PJ) 139 9 6% IGBT loss Eon IGBT (PJ) 198 149 75% INVERTER R&D Hybrid Power Inverter Development Power Inverter Hardware & Analysis for a Hybrid Vehicle Platform INVERTER R&D PM Synchronous Motor Model INVERTER R&D PM Synchronous Motor – 15 kW Operation 15 kW Continuous Operating Points 15 kW Peak Operating Points 250.0 1.000 300.0 1.200 250.0 1.000 200.0 0.800 200.0 0.800 150.0 0.600 150.0 0.600 100.0 0.400 100.0 0.400 50.0 0.200 50.0 0.200 Torque (Nm) Current (Apk) Voltage (Vrms)(Apk) Torque Current (Nm) Torque (Nm) Current (Apk) Voltage (Vrms) (Vrms) Voltage (Apk) Current (Nm) Torque 0.0 0.000 0.0 0.000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 0.0 1000.0 2000.0 3000.0 4000.0 5000.0 6000.0 Motor Speed, RPM Motor Speed, RPM Torque L-N Vol tage, Vpk Phase Current, Pk Power Pactor Torque L-N Vol tage, Pk Phase Current, Pk Power Factor INVERTER R&D Maximum Coolant Temperature – 15 kW Drive 15 kW Inverter - CPM IGBTs / Switch 150 100 50 0 -50 Temperature, C Temperature, -100 Maximum Allowable Coolant Allowable Maximum 12 April 2003 -150 1 2 3 4 Number of IGBT Die Per Switch 8 kHz Swi tch i ng 4 kHz Swi tch i ng 2 kHz Swi tch i ng Phase-Phase Rotation INVERTER R&D Maximum Coolant Temperature – 25 kW Drive 25 kW Inverter - CPM IGBTs / Switch 150 100 50 0 -50 Temperature, C Temperature, -100 Maximum Allowable Coolant Coolant Allowable Maximum 12 April 2003 -150 1 2 3 4 Number of IGBT Die Per Switch 8 kHz Swi tch i ng 4 kHz Swi tch i ng 2 kHz Swi tch i ng Phase-Phase Rotation INVERTER R&D Voltage Overshoot Reduction Integrated DC-Bus Snubbers INVERTER R&D Further Work • Faster Temperature Sensing of Silicon Junction.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Automating Energy Management in Green Homes
    Automating Energy Management in Green Homes Nilanjan Banerjee∗ Sami Rollins∗ Kevin Moran University of Arkansas University of San Francisco University of San Francisco Fayetteville, AR San Francisco, CA San Francisco, CA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT proved in recent years. We spoke to one user who in- Green homes powered fully or partially by renewable sources stalled solar panels at his home in 2002 and who, in order such as solar are becoming more widely adopted, however to log the performance of the system, manually recorded energy management strategies in these environments are lack- readings from a control panel on a daily basis over a ing. This paper presents the first results of a study that ex- period of several months. Another user, however, who plores home automation techniques for achieving better uti- is in the process of installing solar panels, reports that lization of energy generated by renewable technologies. First, he will have access to a web-based service that reports using a network of off-the-shelf sensing devices, we observe overall energy generation and consumption at his home. that energy generation and consumption in an off-grid home There has also been a significant increase in the number is both variable and predictable. Moreover, we find that re- of devices, such as the WattsUpMeter [11], that allow active energy management techniques are insufficient to pre- monitoring of power consumption, as well as services vent critical battery situations. We then present a recommen- such as Google PowerMeter [3, 6, 9] that provide users dation based system for helping users to achieve better uti- with convenient access to such information.
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Power Inverters Users Manual
    POWER INVERTERS User’s Manual Includes information on SOLAR Model PI30000X WARNING Warning: This product contains chemicals, including Failure to follow instructions may cause lead, known to the State of California to cause damage or explosion, always shield eyes. cancer, birth defects and other reproductive harm. Read entire instruction manual before use. Wash hands after handling. SOLAR Power Inverter USER’S MANUAL Congratulations! You have just purchased the finest quality power inverter on the market. We have taken numerous measures in our quality control and in our manufacturing processes to ensure that your product arrives in top condition and that it will perform to your satisfaction. Inverters are designed to convert 12 Volt DC power into household AC power. SOLAR power inverters, with Sonic Compression technology, are designed to provide stable, clean and reliable power with high surge capacity for use in powering a wide variety of powered tools, appliances and electronics. Our technologically advanced, microprocessor controlled power inverters run cooler and more efficiently than competing products. This results in longer operating time and extended battery life when using SOLAR power inverters. Table of Contents Safety Summary & Warnings . .3 Personal Precautions . .4 Important Safety Instructions . .4 Precautions When Using the Power Inverter to Power Rechargeable Appliances . .4 How Power Inverters Work . .5 Things to Remember When Operating Your SOLAR Power Inverter . .5 SOLAR Power Inverter Safety Features . .5 Installation . .6 Things to Remember When Planning Your Installation . .6 Installation Code Compliance . .6 Battery Types, Sizes and Inverter Power Requirements . .6 Charging System Requirements . .8 Testing Batteries to Ensure Readiness . .8 Cable Requirements .
    [Show full text]
  • Microgeneration Potential in New Zealand
    Prepared for Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment Microgeneration Potential in New Zealand A Study of Small-scale Energy Generation Potential by East Harbour Management Services ISBN: 1-877274-33-X May 2006 Microgeneration Potential in New Zealand East Harbour Executive summary The study of the New Zealand’s potential for micro electricity generation technologies (defined as local generation for local use) in the period up to 2035 shows that a total of approximately 580GWh per annum is possible within current Government policies. If electricity demand modifiers (solar water heating, passive solar design, and energy efficiency) are included, there is approximately an additional 15,800GWh per annum available. In total, around 16,400GWh of electricity can be either generated on-site, or avoided by adopting microgeneration of energy services. The study has considered every technology that the authors are aware of. However, sifting the technologies reduced the list to those most likely to be adopted to a measurable scale during the period of the study. The definition of micro electricity generation technologies includes • those that generate electricity to meet local on-site energy services, and • those that convert energy resources directly into local energy services, such as the supply of hot water or space heating, without the intermediate need for electricity. The study has considered the potential uptake of each technology within each of the periods to 2010, 2020, and 2035. It also covers residential energy services and those services for small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that can be obtained by on-site generation of electricity or substitution of electricity.
    [Show full text]
  • Particulate Matter Emissions from Hybrid Diesel-Electric and Conventional Diesel Transit Buses: Fuel and Aftertreatment Effects
    TTitle Page PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS FROM HYBRID DIESEL-ELECTRIC AND CONVENTIONAL DIESEL TRANSIT BUSES: FUEL AND AFTERTREATMENT EFFECTS August 2005 JHR 05-304 Project 03-8 Final Report to Connecticut Transit (CTTRANSIT) and Joint Highway Research Advisory Council (JHRAC) of the Connecticut Cooperative Highway Research Program Britt A. Holmén, Principal Investigator Zhong Chen, Aura C. Davila, Oliver Gao, Derek M. Vikara, Research Assistants Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of Connecticut This research was sponsored by the Joint Highway Research Advisory Council (JHRAC) of the University of Connecticut and the Connecticut Department of Transportation and was performed through the Connecticut Transportation Institute of the University of Connecticut. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the University of Connecticut or the Connecticut Department of Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. JHR 05-304 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS FROM HYBRID DIESEL- August 2005 ELECTRIC AND CONVENTIONAL DIESEL TRANSIT BUSES: 6. Performing Organization Code FUEL AND AFTERTREATMENT EFFECTS JH 03-8 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Britt A. Holmén, Zhong Chen, Aura C. Davila, Oliver Gao, Derek M. JHR 05-304 Vikara 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) University of Connecticut N/A Connecticut Transportation Institute 177 Middle Turnpike, U-5202 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Load Information of 2.5 Kva Power Inverter and 5.0 Kva Operational Capacity of Photovoltaic Inverter
    International Journal of Advanced Academic Research | Sciences, Technology & Engineering | ISSN: 2488-9849 Vol. 4, Issue 8 (August 2018) ASSESSMENT OF LOAD INFORMATION OF 2.5 KVA POWER INVERTER AND 5.0 KVA OPERATIONAL CAPACITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC INVERTER IKIRIGO JUSTIN Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Physics Option), Federal Polytechnic, Ekowe, Nigeria. And OWUTUAMOR FREDERICK TOUN AND ONITA CHUCKWUKA LOVEDAY Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Ekowe, Nigeria. ABSTRACT An inverter is a motor control that varies and influences the speed of an Alternating Current induction motor. This is achieved by varying the frequency produced by an AC power to the motor. The study looked at the assessment of load information of 2.5 kVA power inverter and 5.0 KVA operational capacity of photovoltaic inverter. The analysis of 5KVA inverter reveals that Vout (converter) has a required voltage of 48.0 V and yielded an output of 100 V which is 48% voltage difference. Vout (inverter) has a required voltage of 220 V and yielded an output of 220 V which is 100% voltage produced. Pout (converter) has a required power of 700mW and yielded an output of 0.15Mw which is 0.021% less in power difference. Pout (inverter) has a required power of 5kVA and yielded an output of 2.09kVA which is 41.8% less in power difference. Iout (inverter) required is 22.7 A and current output yielded is 9.53 A this also show a percentage difference of 42%. The voltage production of household items is blender, bread toaster, electric iron and energy saver lamp has voltage range of 330, 330, 550 and 110 respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • March 7, 2016
    LIVINGSTON COUNTY BOARD PROPERTY COMMITTEE MINUTES OF MARCH 7, 2016 Committee Chair Mike Ingles called the meeting to order at 6:00 p.m. in the committee meeting room in the Historic Livingston County Courthouse. Present: Ingles, Weber, Arbogast, Bunting, Flott, Weller Absent: Ritter Also Present: Chairman Marty Fannin, Alina Hartley (Administrative Resource Specialist), Chad Carnahan (Facility Services Manager), John Clemmer (Finance Resource Specialist), Jon Sear (Network & Computer Systems Administrator), Treasurer Barb Sear, Jail Superintendent Bill Cox, Ingles then called for any additional changes to the agenda with none being requested. Motion by Arbogast, second by Weller to approve the agenda as presented. MOTION CARRIED WITH ALL AYES. The Committee reviewed the minutes of the February 1, 2016 meeting. Ingles noted that the date had been changed from January 4th to February 1st. Motion by Bunting, second by Flott to approve the minutes of the February 1, 2016 meeting as amended. MOTION CARRIED WITH ALL AYES. Monthly Department Report – Chad Carnahan reviewed the monthly department report with the Committee, a copy of which is attached to these minutes. Carnahan reported that as directed he obtained quotes for the installation of a stand-by generator for the H&E Building. Carnahan stated that the project is estimated at $10,000. Ingles questioned whether the generator could be moved if the departments moved into another building, with the response being yes. Discussion took place. Motion by Weller, second by Bunting to proceed with the purchase and installation of a new generator for the H&E Building. MOTION CARRIED ON ROLL CALL VOTE.
    [Show full text]
  • Microgeneration Impact on LV Distribution Grids: a Review of Recent Research on Overvoltage Mitigation Techniques
    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH A.Manzoni and R.Castro, Vol.6, No.1, 2016 Microgeneration Impact on LV Distribution Grids: A Review of Recent Research on Overvoltage Mitigation Techniques António Manzoni*, Rui Castro**‡ *Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Portugal ** INESC-ID/IST, University of Lisbon, Portugal ‡ Corresponding Author; Rui Castro, INESC-ID/IST, University of Lisbon, Portugal, Tel: +351 21 8417287, [email protected] Received: 17.12.2015- Accepted:16.01.2016 Abstract-Nowadays, due to the increasing rate of microgeneration penetration in Low Voltage distribution networks, overvoltage and power quality issues are more likely to occur in a more and more bidirectional operating grid. This paper offers a recent review on the main techniques available to mitigate and regulate voltage profile: PV generation curtailment, reactive power support, automatic voltage regulation transformers, and battery or super-capacitors energy storage systems. Whenever possible, published results in real and test low voltage grids are called to support each given example. KeywordsOvervoltage mitigation techniques; PV curtailment; Reactive power support; OLTC transformers; Battery Energy Storage. List of acronyms 1. Introduction G – Microgeneration In the last years, there have been major efforts from PV – Photovoltaic governments all over the world and also from European EPIA – European Photovoltaic Industry Association organizations to grow a strong concept of environmental LV – Low Voltage awareness. People have been warned to change consumption DG – Distributed Generation patterns, to reduce fuel fossil consumption and carbon PF – Power Factor emissions. It is in this perspective that renewable energy and, DSO – Distribution System Operator specifically, microgeneration (G) concept arises.
    [Show full text]
  • Power Inverter User's Manual
    Power Inverter Diamond Series CPD1200EILCD User’s Manual 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS…………………………..4 2 INSTALLATION……..………………………………………………..5 2-1 Unpacking………………………………………………………............5 2-2 Product Overview & Outlook…………………………………………..5 2-3 Power Requirements of Your Equipment…...………………………..7 2-4 Hardware Installation Guide……..…………………………………….7 3 DEFINITIONS FOR ILLUMINATED LCD INDICATORS…...........9 4 OPERATION & CONFIGURATION……………………………….11 Power On/Off..……………………………………………………………...11 Function Setup……...…………………….…...……………….................11 Audible Alarm……………………….…...……………………..................11 Function Setup Guide……….…..…………………………….................11 5 TROUBLESHOOTING……………………………………………..14 6 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS.………………………………….16 3 1 IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS (SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS) Before attempting to unpack, install, or operate the product, please read and follow all instructions carefully. CAUTION! To prevent the risk of fire or electric shock, install in a temperature and humidity controlled indoor area free of conductive contaminants. (Please see Technical Specifications section for acceptable temperature and humidity range.) CAUTION! The product must be installed in a protected environment away from heat-emitting appliances such as a radiator or heat register. The location should provide adequate air flow around the product for proper ventilation. CAUTION! To reduce the risk of injury, use cables come with the product. Use appropriate and certified external battery cables. CAUTION! To reduce risk of damage and injury, use batteries with good quality. CAUTION! Risk of electric shock. DO NOT remove the cover. No user serviceable parts inside. CAUTION! Provide adequate ventilation for the battery compartment. The battery enclosure should be designed to prevent accumulation and concentration of hydrogen gas at the top of the compartment. CAUTION! A battery can present a risk of electrical shock and high short circuit current.
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction to and Evaluation of Home Energy Management Systems (Hems)
    INTRODUCTION TO AND EVALUATION OF HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (HEMS) by Auria Asadsangabi A capstone project submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Energy Policy and Climate Baltimore, Maryland December 2019 © 2019 Auria Asadsangabi All Rights Reserved Executive Summary Over the course of the Energy Policy and Climate (EPC) program, I spent a formidable amount of time analyzing intelligent energy network market trends and policy implications. From studying the U.S. DOE’s Smart Grid Investment Grant Program (SGIG), researching environmental monitoring technologies, and presenting case studies for smart parking solutions, I became infatuated with the role that emerging technologies, e.g., artificial intelligence, can play in today’s and future energy systems. By putting my professional and academic curiosity into the capstone project, I had an opportunity to culminate all this work into a final project for not only furthering my understanding but to enhance the current literature on this energy paradigm shift. This paper, in particular, explores home energy management system (HEMS) literature for methods and criteria to determine the effectiveness of various HEMS architectures and applications. By tailoring these findings to analyzed load profile data, this paper presents meaningful opportunities where residential consumer energy technology can create value both now and in the future to lower energy use at certain times of the day, match demand with renewable resources on the grid, and evolve capabilities to create a consumer home energy management market. This paper will further emphasize the benefits of using HEMS technology by discussing what a HEMS is, the different business services and applications it provides, how it relates to an average household, and the comparative advantages between the Northeast and West geographic regions and hot and cold climates.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 Dodge Grand Caravan Owner's Manual
    2020 DODGE GRAND CARAVAN Whether it’s providing information about specific product features, taking a tour through your vehicle’s heritage, knowing what steps to take following an accident or scheduling your next appointment, we know you’ll find the app an important extension of your Dodge brand vehicle. Simply download the app, select your make and model and enjoy the ride. To get this app, go directly to the App Store® or Google Play® Store and enter the search keyword “Dodge” (U.S. residents only). U. S. Canada DOWNLOAD A FREE ELECTRONIC COPY OF THE MOST UP-TO-DATE OWNER’S MANUAL, UCONNECT AND WARRANTY BOOKLETS 20_RT_OM_EN_USC mopar.com/om owners.mopar.ca FIRST EDITION 2020 DODGE GRAND CARAVAN ©2019 FCA US LLC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. TOUS DROITS RÉSERVÉS. DODGE IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF FCA US LLC OR FCA CANADA INC., USED UNDER LICENSE. DODGE EST UNE MARQUE DÉPOSÉE DE FCA US LLC OU FCA CANADA INC., UTILISÉE SOUS LE PERMIS. OWNER’S MANUAL APP STORE IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF APPLE INC. GOOGLE PLAY STORE IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK OF GOOGLE. This Owner’s Manual illustrates and describes the operation of features and equipment that are either standard or optional on this vehicle. This manual may also include The driver’s primary responsibility is the safe operation of the vehicle. Driving while distracted can result in loss of vehicle control, resulting in an accident and a description of features and equipment that are no longer available or were not ordered on this vehicle. Please disregard any features and equipment described in this personal injury.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaporative Spray Cooling
    HIGH POWER ELECTRONICS COOLING SOLUTIONS 407/359.7138 • www.rinitech.com BENEFITS: Evaporative Spray Cooling of High Power 3 to 5X increased inverter power Electronics (HPE) density and specific power The military, automotive and Enables full power module industrial market demand has operation with 100°C coolant grown for high-power electronics Easily integrated into power applications such as hybrid & electric vehicles, high power inverter packaging and existing military applications, motor cooling loops controls, buss converters and other Top View Low coolant flow rates devices. High-power electronics are challenge by high heat flux and the need to reject large amounts APPLICATIONS: of heat in high temperature ambient Hybrid & Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles conditions in order to maintain High Power Military Applications device temperatures. This in turn has driven up coolant flow rates, DC to DC Converters power consumption and heat Bottom View DC to AC Inverters exchanger size. High Frequency Switching RINI has developed evaporative spray cooling technology to meet this challenge head-on, providing thermal management far superior to the standard single-phase cooling techniques used today. Using a two-phase SPECIFICATIONS: cooling approach increases cooling efficiency allowing for high power density 250kW inverter along with high coolant temperatures (100°C). Because of this, the cooling 100°C water/glycol loop can be integrated with the vehicle cooling systems, improving the Size Weight and Power (SWaP) performance. IGBT temperature of 125°C Coolant flow rate 2.7GPM How Evaporative Spray Cooling Systems Work: Evaporative Spray Cooling (ESC) technology harnesses the ability of liquids to absorb large amounts of energy during phase-change.
    [Show full text]
  • High Temperature Air-Cooled Power Electronics Thermal Design Annual Progress Report Scot Waye
    High Temperature Air-Cooled Power Electronics Thermal Design Annual Progress Report Scot Waye NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Management Report NREL/MP-5400-62784 August 2016 Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 High Temperature Air-Cooled Power Electronics Thermal Design Annual Progress Report Scot Waye Prepared under Task No. VTP2.7000 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Management Report 15013 Denver West Parkway NREL/MP-5400-62784 Golden, CO 80401 August 2016 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Contract No. DE-AC36-08GO28308 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof.
    [Show full text]