Direct Cooling System in Automobiles
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Automating Energy Management in Green Homes
Automating Energy Management in Green Homes Nilanjan Banerjee∗ Sami Rollins∗ Kevin Moran University of Arkansas University of San Francisco University of San Francisco Fayetteville, AR San Francisco, CA San Francisco, CA [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT proved in recent years. We spoke to one user who in- Green homes powered fully or partially by renewable sources stalled solar panels at his home in 2002 and who, in order such as solar are becoming more widely adopted, however to log the performance of the system, manually recorded energy management strategies in these environments are lack- readings from a control panel on a daily basis over a ing. This paper presents the first results of a study that ex- period of several months. Another user, however, who plores home automation techniques for achieving better uti- is in the process of installing solar panels, reports that lization of energy generated by renewable technologies. First, he will have access to a web-based service that reports using a network of off-the-shelf sensing devices, we observe overall energy generation and consumption at his home. that energy generation and consumption in an off-grid home There has also been a significant increase in the number is both variable and predictable. Moreover, we find that re- of devices, such as the WattsUpMeter [11], that allow active energy management techniques are insufficient to pre- monitoring of power consumption, as well as services vent critical battery situations. We then present a recommen- such as Google PowerMeter [3, 6, 9] that provide users dation based system for helping users to achieve better uti- with convenient access to such information. -
Solar Power Inverters Users Manual
POWER INVERTERS User’s Manual Includes information on SOLAR Model PI30000X WARNING Warning: This product contains chemicals, including Failure to follow instructions may cause lead, known to the State of California to cause damage or explosion, always shield eyes. cancer, birth defects and other reproductive harm. Read entire instruction manual before use. Wash hands after handling. SOLAR Power Inverter USER’S MANUAL Congratulations! You have just purchased the finest quality power inverter on the market. We have taken numerous measures in our quality control and in our manufacturing processes to ensure that your product arrives in top condition and that it will perform to your satisfaction. Inverters are designed to convert 12 Volt DC power into household AC power. SOLAR power inverters, with Sonic Compression technology, are designed to provide stable, clean and reliable power with high surge capacity for use in powering a wide variety of powered tools, appliances and electronics. Our technologically advanced, microprocessor controlled power inverters run cooler and more efficiently than competing products. This results in longer operating time and extended battery life when using SOLAR power inverters. Table of Contents Safety Summary & Warnings . .3 Personal Precautions . .4 Important Safety Instructions . .4 Precautions When Using the Power Inverter to Power Rechargeable Appliances . .4 How Power Inverters Work . .5 Things to Remember When Operating Your SOLAR Power Inverter . .5 SOLAR Power Inverter Safety Features . .5 Installation . .6 Things to Remember When Planning Your Installation . .6 Installation Code Compliance . .6 Battery Types, Sizes and Inverter Power Requirements . .6 Charging System Requirements . .8 Testing Batteries to Ensure Readiness . .8 Cable Requirements . -
Microgeneration Potential in New Zealand
Prepared for Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment Microgeneration Potential in New Zealand A Study of Small-scale Energy Generation Potential by East Harbour Management Services ISBN: 1-877274-33-X May 2006 Microgeneration Potential in New Zealand East Harbour Executive summary The study of the New Zealand’s potential for micro electricity generation technologies (defined as local generation for local use) in the period up to 2035 shows that a total of approximately 580GWh per annum is possible within current Government policies. If electricity demand modifiers (solar water heating, passive solar design, and energy efficiency) are included, there is approximately an additional 15,800GWh per annum available. In total, around 16,400GWh of electricity can be either generated on-site, or avoided by adopting microgeneration of energy services. The study has considered every technology that the authors are aware of. However, sifting the technologies reduced the list to those most likely to be adopted to a measurable scale during the period of the study. The definition of micro electricity generation technologies includes • those that generate electricity to meet local on-site energy services, and • those that convert energy resources directly into local energy services, such as the supply of hot water or space heating, without the intermediate need for electricity. The study has considered the potential uptake of each technology within each of the periods to 2010, 2020, and 2035. It also covers residential energy services and those services for small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that can be obtained by on-site generation of electricity or substitution of electricity. -
Particulate Matter Emissions from Hybrid Diesel-Electric and Conventional Diesel Transit Buses: Fuel and Aftertreatment Effects
TTitle Page PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS FROM HYBRID DIESEL-ELECTRIC AND CONVENTIONAL DIESEL TRANSIT BUSES: FUEL AND AFTERTREATMENT EFFECTS August 2005 JHR 05-304 Project 03-8 Final Report to Connecticut Transit (CTTRANSIT) and Joint Highway Research Advisory Council (JHRAC) of the Connecticut Cooperative Highway Research Program Britt A. Holmén, Principal Investigator Zhong Chen, Aura C. Davila, Oliver Gao, Derek M. Vikara, Research Assistants Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The University of Connecticut This research was sponsored by the Joint Highway Research Advisory Council (JHRAC) of the University of Connecticut and the Connecticut Department of Transportation and was performed through the Connecticut Transportation Institute of the University of Connecticut. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the University of Connecticut or the Connecticut Department of Transportation. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. JHR 05-304 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSIONS FROM HYBRID DIESEL- August 2005 ELECTRIC AND CONVENTIONAL DIESEL TRANSIT BUSES: 6. Performing Organization Code FUEL AND AFTERTREATMENT EFFECTS JH 03-8 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Britt A. Holmén, Zhong Chen, Aura C. Davila, Oliver Gao, Derek M. JHR 05-304 Vikara 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) University of Connecticut N/A Connecticut Transportation Institute 177 Middle Turnpike, U-5202 11. -
ENGINE COOLING and VEHICLE AIR CONDITIONING AGRICULTURAL and CONSTRUCTION VEHICLES What Is Thermal Management?
ENGINE COOLING AND VEHICLE AIR CONDITIONING AGRICULTURAL AND CONSTRUCTION VEHICLES What is thermal management? Modern thermal management encompasses the areas of engine cooling and vehicle air conditioning. In addition to ensuring an optimum engine temperature in all operating states, the main tasks include heating and cooling of the vehicle cabin. However, these two areas should not be considered in isolation. One unit is often formed from components of these two assemblies which influence one another reciprocally. All components used must therefore be as compatible as possible to ensure effective and efficient thermal management. In this brochure, we would like to present you with an overview of our modern air-conditioning systems and also the technology behind them. We not only present the principle of operation, we also examine causes of failure, diagnosis options and special features. Disclaimer/Picture credits The publisher has compiled the information provided in this training document based on the information published by the automobile manufacturers and importers. Great care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information. However, the publisher cannot be held liable for mistakes and any consequences thereof. This applies both to the use of data and information which prove to be wrong or have been presented in an incorrect manner and to errors which have occurred unintentionally during the compilation of data. Without prejudice to the above, the publisher assumes no liability for any kind of loss with regard to profits, goodwill or any other loss, including economic loss. The publisher cannot be held liable for any damage or interruption of operations resulting from the non-observance of the training document and the special safety notes. -
Assessment of Load Information of 2.5 Kva Power Inverter and 5.0 Kva Operational Capacity of Photovoltaic Inverter
International Journal of Advanced Academic Research | Sciences, Technology & Engineering | ISSN: 2488-9849 Vol. 4, Issue 8 (August 2018) ASSESSMENT OF LOAD INFORMATION OF 2.5 KVA POWER INVERTER AND 5.0 KVA OPERATIONAL CAPACITY OF PHOTOVOLTAIC INVERTER IKIRIGO JUSTIN Department of Science Laboratory Technology (Physics Option), Federal Polytechnic, Ekowe, Nigeria. And OWUTUAMOR FREDERICK TOUN AND ONITA CHUCKWUKA LOVEDAY Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Ekowe, Nigeria. ABSTRACT An inverter is a motor control that varies and influences the speed of an Alternating Current induction motor. This is achieved by varying the frequency produced by an AC power to the motor. The study looked at the assessment of load information of 2.5 kVA power inverter and 5.0 KVA operational capacity of photovoltaic inverter. The analysis of 5KVA inverter reveals that Vout (converter) has a required voltage of 48.0 V and yielded an output of 100 V which is 48% voltage difference. Vout (inverter) has a required voltage of 220 V and yielded an output of 220 V which is 100% voltage produced. Pout (converter) has a required power of 700mW and yielded an output of 0.15Mw which is 0.021% less in power difference. Pout (inverter) has a required power of 5kVA and yielded an output of 2.09kVA which is 41.8% less in power difference. Iout (inverter) required is 22.7 A and current output yielded is 9.53 A this also show a percentage difference of 42%. The voltage production of household items is blender, bread toaster, electric iron and energy saver lamp has voltage range of 330, 330, 550 and 110 respectively. -
Comparison of a Novel Polymeric Hollow Fiber Heat Exchanger and a Commercially Available Metal Automotive Radiator
polymers Article Comparison of a Novel Polymeric Hollow Fiber Heat Exchanger and a Commercially Available Metal Automotive Radiator Tereza Kroulíková 1,* , Tereza K ˚udelová 1 , Erik Bartuli 1 , Jan Vanˇcura 2 and Ilya Astrouski 1 1 Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; [email protected] (T.K.); [email protected] (E.B.); [email protected] (I.A.) 2 Institute of Automotive Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: A novel heat exchanger for automotive applications developed by the Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Laboratory at the Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic, is compared with a conventional commercially available metal radiator. The heat transfer surface of this heat exchanger is composed of polymeric hollow fibers made from polyamide 612 by DuPont (Zytel LC6159). The cross-section of the polymeric radiator is identical to the aluminum radiator (louvered fins on flat tubes) in a Skoda Octavia and measures 720 × 480 mm. The goal of the study is to compare the functionality and performance parameters of both radiators based on the results of tests in a calibrated air wind tunnel. During testing, both heat exchangers were tested in conventional conditions used for car radiators with different air flow and coolant (50% ethylene glycol) rates. The polymeric hollow fiber heat exchanger demonstrated about 20% higher thermal performance for the same air flow. The Citation: Kroulíková, T.; K ˚udelová, T.; Bartuli, E.; Vanˇcura,J.; Astrouski, I. -
Modeling and Optimization of a Thermosiphon for Passive Thermal Management Systems
MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF A THERMOSIPHON FOR PASSIVE THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS A Thesis Presented to The Academic Faculty by Benjamin Haile Loeffler In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology December 2012 MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION OF A THERMOSIPHON FOR PASSIVE THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Approved by: Dr. J. Rhett Mayor, Advisor Dr. Sheldon Jeter G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Srinivas Garimella G. W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: 11/12/2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to first thank my committee members, Dr. Jeter and Dr. Garimella, for their time and consideration in evaluating this work. Their edits and feedback are much appreciated. I would also like to acknowledge my lab mates for the free exchange and discussion of ideas that has challenged all of us to solve problems in new and better ways. In particular, I am grateful to Sam Glauber, Chad Bednar, and David Judah for their hard work on the pragmatic tasks essential to this project. Andrew Semidey has been a patient and insightful mentor since my final terms as an undergrad. I thank him for his tutelage and advice over the years. Without him I would have remained a mediocre heat transfer student at best. Andrew was truly indispensable to my graduate education. I must also thank Dr. Mayor for his guidance, insight, and enthusiasm over the course of this work. -
Consumer Guide: Balancing the Central Heating System
Consumer Guide: Balancing the central heating system System Balancing Keep your home heating system in good working order. Balancing the heating system Balancing of a heating system is a simple process which can improve operating efficiency, comfort and reduce energy usage in wet central heating systems. Many homeowners are unaware of the merits of system balancing -an intuitive, common sense principle that heating engineers use to make new and existing systems operate more efficiently. Why balance? Balancing of the heating system is the process of optimising the distribution of water through the radiators by adjusting the lockshield valve which equalizes the system pressure so it provides the intended indoor climate at optimum energy efficiency and minimal operating cost. To provide the correct heat output each radiator requires a certain flow known as the design flow. If the flow of water through the radiators is not balanced, the result can be that some radiators can take the bulk of the hot water flow from the boiler, leaving other radiators with little flow. This can affect the boiler efficiency and home comfort conditions as some rooms may be too hot or remain cold. There are also other potential problems. Thermostatic radiator valves with too much flow may not operate properly and can be noisy with water “streaming” noises through the valves, particularly as they start to close when the room temperature increases. What causes an unbalanced system? One cause is radiators removed for decorating and then refitted. This can affect the balance of the whole system. Consequently, to overcome poor circulation and cure “cold radiators” the system pump may be put onto a higher speed or the boiler thermostat put onto a higher temperature setting. -
March 7, 2016
LIVINGSTON COUNTY BOARD PROPERTY COMMITTEE MINUTES OF MARCH 7, 2016 Committee Chair Mike Ingles called the meeting to order at 6:00 p.m. in the committee meeting room in the Historic Livingston County Courthouse. Present: Ingles, Weber, Arbogast, Bunting, Flott, Weller Absent: Ritter Also Present: Chairman Marty Fannin, Alina Hartley (Administrative Resource Specialist), Chad Carnahan (Facility Services Manager), John Clemmer (Finance Resource Specialist), Jon Sear (Network & Computer Systems Administrator), Treasurer Barb Sear, Jail Superintendent Bill Cox, Ingles then called for any additional changes to the agenda with none being requested. Motion by Arbogast, second by Weller to approve the agenda as presented. MOTION CARRIED WITH ALL AYES. The Committee reviewed the minutes of the February 1, 2016 meeting. Ingles noted that the date had been changed from January 4th to February 1st. Motion by Bunting, second by Flott to approve the minutes of the February 1, 2016 meeting as amended. MOTION CARRIED WITH ALL AYES. Monthly Department Report – Chad Carnahan reviewed the monthly department report with the Committee, a copy of which is attached to these minutes. Carnahan reported that as directed he obtained quotes for the installation of a stand-by generator for the H&E Building. Carnahan stated that the project is estimated at $10,000. Ingles questioned whether the generator could be moved if the departments moved into another building, with the response being yes. Discussion took place. Motion by Weller, second by Bunting to proceed with the purchase and installation of a new generator for the H&E Building. MOTION CARRIED ON ROLL CALL VOTE. -
A Heat Pump for Space Applications
45th International Conference on Environmental Systems ICES-2015-35 12-16 July 2015, Bellevue, Washington A Heat Pump for Space Applications H.J. van Gerner 1, G. van Donk2, A. Pauw3, and J. van Es4 National Aerospace Laboratory NLR, Amsterdam, The Netherlands and S. Lapensée5 European Space Agency, ESA/ESTEC, Noordwijk ZH, The Netherlands In commercial communication satellites, waste heat (5-10kW) has to be radiated into space by radiators. These radiators determine the size of the spacecraft, and a further increase in radiator size (and therefore spacecraft size) to increase the heat rejection capacity is not practical. A heat pump can be used to raise the radiator temperature above the temperature of the equipment, which results in a higher heat rejecting capacity without increasing the size of the radiators. A heat pump also provides the opportunity to use East/West radiators, which become almost as effective as North/South radiators when the temperature is elevated to 100°C. The heat pump works with the vapour compression cycle and requires a compressor. However, commercially available compressors have a high mass (40 kg for 10kW cooling capacity), cause excessive vibrations, and are intended for much lower temperatures (maximum 65°C) than what is required for the space heat pump application (100°C). Dedicated aerospace compressors have been developed with a lower mass (19 kg) and for higher temperatures, but these compressors have a lower efficiency. For this reason, an electrically-driven, high-speed (200,000 RPM), centrifugal compressor system has been developed in a project funded by the European Space Agency (ESA). -
Microgeneration Impact on LV Distribution Grids: a Review of Recent Research on Overvoltage Mitigation Techniques
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of RENEWABLE ENERGY RESEARCH A.Manzoni and R.Castro, Vol.6, No.1, 2016 Microgeneration Impact on LV Distribution Grids: A Review of Recent Research on Overvoltage Mitigation Techniques António Manzoni*, Rui Castro**‡ *Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Portugal ** INESC-ID/IST, University of Lisbon, Portugal ‡ Corresponding Author; Rui Castro, INESC-ID/IST, University of Lisbon, Portugal, Tel: +351 21 8417287, [email protected] Received: 17.12.2015- Accepted:16.01.2016 Abstract-Nowadays, due to the increasing rate of microgeneration penetration in Low Voltage distribution networks, overvoltage and power quality issues are more likely to occur in a more and more bidirectional operating grid. This paper offers a recent review on the main techniques available to mitigate and regulate voltage profile: PV generation curtailment, reactive power support, automatic voltage regulation transformers, and battery or super-capacitors energy storage systems. Whenever possible, published results in real and test low voltage grids are called to support each given example. KeywordsOvervoltage mitigation techniques; PV curtailment; Reactive power support; OLTC transformers; Battery Energy Storage. List of acronyms 1. Introduction G – Microgeneration In the last years, there have been major efforts from PV – Photovoltaic governments all over the world and also from European EPIA – European Photovoltaic Industry Association organizations to grow a strong concept of environmental LV – Low Voltage awareness. People have been warned to change consumption DG – Distributed Generation patterns, to reduce fuel fossil consumption and carbon PF – Power Factor emissions. It is in this perspective that renewable energy and, DSO – Distribution System Operator specifically, microgeneration (G) concept arises.