DOCSLIB.ORG

Fasciation on Roses

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fasciation on Roses EPLP-019 11/19 Fasciation on Roses Madalyn Shires, Graduate Extension Assistant, Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology Kevin Ong, Professor and Extension Plant Pathologist* Fasciation, also known as cresting, is a rare phenom- The deformity is often localized to a single stem enon that occurs in more than 100 species of plants, (Fig. 3). Pruning the infected area usually stops the including roses. It commonly afflicts tobacco, which abnormal growth and it rarely occurs again, unless it makes it an economically important pathogen. This dis- is in the plant’s genes. Though symptoms tend to occur tortion, unusual and unpredictable, does no lasting harm only occasionally and in localized plant parts, some to the plant. Some plants are highly prized and bred for plants such as forsythia and Veronicastrum virginicum their unique fasciated characteristics. may repeatedly show fasciation year after year because of Symptoms Fasciation symptoms include flattened stems and shoots that seem to be made of several fused shoots (Fig. 1) as well as flattened, elongated, or misshapen flower heads (Fig. 2). Such characteristics appear in the stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit of most plants. Figure 1. Fasciation typically Figure 2. (Side view of Figure presents as flattened stems, 1 showing flattened stems, which often look like several canes, and leaves.) Leaves can stems fused together. camouflage the fasciation on Source: Katherine Olive plants. Source: Katherine Olive Figure 3. Fasciation can also occur as a mass of stems that have grown together to create one large cane on the plant. Source: Paul * Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, The Texas A&M University System Winski, Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service–Harris County 1 a genetic predisposition. Since abnormalities in actively plants. Always use good hygiene when pruning plants growing tissues cause the deformities, symptoms are with fasciation symptoms. Though it is not contagious, most prevalent during spring and summer. the causal agents might be and can be controlled using respective measures (for example, fungicides for fungal Causes agents). If symptoms are present, prune out affected Though caused by many factors, fasciation symptoms plant parts and dispose of them properly by burning are usually triggered by an abnormal hormonal change in plant material or placing pruned material in with the apical meristem, or growing tip, of the plant. During non-plant-material trash. Do not compost with it because active growth, the apical meristem typically concentrates if a pathogen caused the symptoms, it could infect other around a single point to produce cylindrical tissue. But, plants through compost application. during fasciation, the growing tip elongates perpen- dicularly to the direction of growth, creating flattened, References distorted tissue. Fasciation. Royal Horticultural Society. https://www.rhs. Other causes may be a bacterial, viral, or fungal infec- org.uk/advice/profile?pid=525 tion, random genetic mutation, frost damage, animals Klingaman, Gerald. 2008. Plant of the Week: Fasciated and insects, and chemical or mechanical injury from cul- Plants (Crested Plants). The University of Arkansas tural practices. The phytopathogenic bacterium, Rhodo- Division of Agriculture. https://www.uaex.edu/yard- coccus fascians, produces fasciated symptoms in a wide garden/resource-library/plant-week/fasciated-2-22-08. range of hosts. Fasciation can also appear in conjunction aspx with Rose rosette virus, mainly because of the lowered defense system of the infected roses. For more information, contact the Texas Plant Dis- ease Diagnostic Lab at [email protected] or Kevin Management Ong at [email protected]. There are not many control measures associated with fasciation. Various factors cause the condition, it does Acknowledgment no lasting harm to the plant, and is usually localized and Katherine Olive, Undergraduate Extension Assistant, temporary. Prevention entails avoiding injury to plant contributed to the manuscript of this publication. bases, avoiding overwatering, and not grafting fasciated Extension Plant Pathology http://plantclinic.tamu.edu The information given herein is for educational purposes only. Reference to commercial products or trade names is made with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Texas A&M AgriLIfe Extension Service is implied. Because the status of pesticide label clearance is subject to change, the user is responsible for checking product labels for proper and legal usage and rates. Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service AgriLifeExtension.tamu.edu More Extension publications can be found at AgriLifeBookstore.org Texas A&M AgriLife does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, age, genetic information, veteran status, sexual orientation, or gender identity and provides equal access in its programs, activities, education, and employment. The Texas A&M University System, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the County Commissioners Courts of Texas Cooperating. New 2.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Leafy and Crown Gall
    Is it Crown Gall or Leafy Gall? Melodie L. Putnam and Marilyn Miller Humphrey Gifford, an early English poet said, “I cannot say the crow is white, But needs must call a spade a spade.” To call a thing by its simplest and best understood name is what is meant by calling a spade a spade. We have found confusion around the plant disease typified by leafy galls and shoot proliferation, and we want to call a spade a spade. The bacterium Rhodococcus fascians causes fasciation, leafy galls and shoot proliferation on plants. These symptoms have been attributed variously to crown gall bacteria (Agrobacterium tumefaciens), virus infection, herbicide damage, or eriophyid mite infestation. There is also confusion about what to call the Figure 1. Fasciation (flattened growth) of a pumpkin symptoms caused by R. fascians. Shoot stem, which may be due to disease, a genetic proliferation and leafy galls are sometimes condition, or injury. called “fasciation,” a term also used to refer to tissues that grow into a flattened ribbon- like manner (Figure 1). The root for the word fasciation come from the Latin, fascia, to fuse, and refers to a joining of tissues. We will reserve the term fasciation for the ribbon like growth of stems and other organs. The terms “leafy gall” and “shoot proliferation” are unfamiliar to many people, but are a good description of what is seen on affected plants. A leafy gall is a mass of buds or short shoots tightly packed together and fused at the base. These may appear beneath the soil or near the soil line at the base of the stem (Figure 2).
    [Show full text]
  • Mutations, Disease, Bugs, and Chemicals Can All Amplify Fireweed Flowering by Ed Berg
    Refuge Notebook • Vol. 8, No. 37 • September 29, 2006 Mutations, disease, bugs, and chemicals can all amplify fireweed flowering by Ed Berg Diane Owen and her husband Charlie operate the unspecialized, dividing cells. Thus the stem grows up- Russian River ferry in the summer and return to their ward and taller. home in Mississippi in the winter. Diane loves flow- Occasionally, however, normal cell division in the ers and gardening, and was curious about an unusual meristem gets derailed, and several competing zones fireweed plant she spotted growing near the Russian of cell division occur within the meristem, as if the River this summer. She sent pictures of the flowers, plant was trying to create several stems simultane- and later the dried plant, to Refuge headquarters after ously side-by-side. This produces a widening of the it had gone to seed. stem, since the stem is now composed of several sub- The profusion of flowers and leaves strikes the eye stems, each with it own would-be meristem at the top. in the photos, but when you see the plant in the flesh, The apical meristem in a plant controls the num- you immediately notice the greatly flattened stem. The ber of leaves and flowers on the stem. It normally does stem was round coming out of the ground, but higher this by releasing an anti-branching hormone which up it broadens to about an inch wide and an eighth of severely limits the number of lateral shoots that a stem an inch thick, like a fat ribbon. can produce.
    [Show full text]
  • Fasciation. Lumina C
    346 The Ohio Naturalist. [Vol. III, No. 3, FASCIATION. LUMINA C. RIDDLE. The phenomena of fasciation are sufficiently striking to attract the attention of the most casual observer, and the malformation occurs so frequently that nearly every person has seen one or more cases of it. It manifests itself usually by a remarkable broadening and flattening of the stem, crowded phyllotaxy and often spiral twisting and splitting of this broadened axis, although the portion of the plant affected and the exact character of the growth varies with the nature of the plant. Those having the rosette habit throughout their entire life, as the common dande- lion, show fasciation in the peduncle of the inflorescence. In the thistle (Fig. 2,) which has the rosette habit during the first year Fig. 1. a. Ailanthus glandulosus. b. Ranunculus abortivus, and is stemmed during the second year, it has only been observed in the second year's growth and affected the entire stalk. In the herbaceous hollow-stemmed plant of Ranunculus abortivus, {Fig. 1, b,) the entire stem was found fasciated and inside was found a reversed cylinder having the delicate epidermal layer within and a well developed ring of fibro-vascular tissue surround- ing it. In Erigeron philadelphicus the leaves were so closely Jan., 1903.] Fasciation. 347 compacted that the stem was entirely concealed while the top of the stalk was twisted down. In woody plants fasciated stems are nearly always split or twisted, often both, as shown in Ailanthus glandidosus {Fig. i, a.) Fasciation is found frequently occurring in man}- cultivated plants; the flowers, hyacinths, gladioli, narcissus, violets, gerani- u m s , nasturtiums ( Tropoeolum); the garden vegetables, cabbage or Brassica oleracea, and beets, Beta vulgaris ; and trees, Pinus, Thuya, Taxus, Salix, Alnus,Ulmus, Prunus and Populus.
    [Show full text]
  • Symptomatology in Plant Pest Diagnosis
    SYMPTOMATOLOGY IN PLANT PEST DIAGNOSIS Symptoms are the detectable expressions of a disease, pest, or environmental factor exhibited by the suscept or plant which is subject to a given pathogen or causal agent. These symptoms, usually the result of complex physiological disturbances, commonly combine to form a definite symptom-complex or syndrome. Symptom-complexes may develop in different organs of a suscept at different times. Symptoms may be either localized in a particular part of the plant, or systemic, that is, generalized in an organ or the plant. In addition, symptoms may be primary (direct and immediate changes in the tissues affected by a pathogen or other causal agent), or secondary (indirect and subsequent physiological effects on host tissue induced by action at a point distant from the initial infection). Usually, but not in all cases, localized symptoms are primary while generalized or systemic symptoms are secondary. Moreover, the sequence of symptom development frequently characterizes a particular disease. Symptomatology, the study of symptoms and associated signs that characterize a plant ailment, enables correct disease or pest diagnosis. It is very important to be aware that because symptoms are “host reactions” to an irritation, many agents or even abiotic factors can cause a particular symptom. For example, wilting of the entire plant can be caused by bacteria, fungus, root rot, inadequate soil moisture, and other agents. Signs are observable structure(s) of the agent which incites the disease or ailment. The commonest signs of disease agents are reproductive or vegetative parts of a pathogen such as fruiting structures, spore masses, mycelial mats, fans, rhizomorphs, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • September 2019 President’S Message Volume 17, Issue 9
    Of Leaf & Limb “ Promoting education in horticulture and the environment” September 2019 President’s Message Volume 17, Issue 9 Deep summer is when laziness finds President’s Message 1 respectability. - Sam Keen, author Continuing Education 2 Music in the Garden 3 I am a wimp when it comes to working in our Texas Hill Country Veggies 4 summer heat. I prefer to sit on the porch sipping UGRA EduScape 5 iced tea with a new book rather than working in my River Clean Up 6 garden. I guess you could call me a lazy gardener! Certificates to new MGs 7 Rachel Garrison That being said, I love plants so any plant that is Fasciation 8 fairly carefree in our heat is a winner in my book. President’s message cont’d 9 Although I’ve never been a lover of cacti or succulents, they are Propagation 10 certainly easy to grow and require very little attention. Minutes 11 Rest in Pesto 12 One of the presentations at the 2019 state conference was “Sizzling Succulents” by Brie Arthur. Educated in Landscape Design and HCMG will meet on Horticulture at Purdue University, Arthur’s presentation was delivered September 4, 2019 with humor and unbridled enthusiasm for succulents. She provided at photos and pertinent information on cultivating various succulents. She 1:00 - Business Meeting showed us pictures of unusual and interesting ways to showcase 2:00 - CEU Program succulents including succulent walls, wreaths, and tablescapes. There are many seasonal ways to display them, too. They can be potted in a Fall Vegetable Gardens pumpkin, used in a globe shaped terrarium, or fashioned into a By Allen Mace, Christmas ornament.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Stem Fasciation on Inflorescence and Flower Morphology in Legumes Andrey A
    © Landesmuseum für Kärnten; download www.landesmuseum.ktn.gv.at/wulfenia; www.zobodat.at Wulfenia 23 (2016): 127–134 Mitteilungen des Kärntner Botanikzentrums Klagenfurt Effects of stem fasciation on inflorescence and flower morphology in legumes Andrey A. Sinjushin Summary: A comparison of floral and inflorescence morphology was conducted between normal and fasciated accessions of Pisum sativum and Lupinus angustifolius. Pea plants with a fasciation of the main stem exhibited fewer flowers per axillary inflorescence and in some cases fewer ovules per carpel. Flowers of fasciated peas of different origin appeared normal. Oppositely, fasciated mutant of lupine had anomalously increased number of organs in most or all whorls. Differences between regulation of meristem activity in two leguminous species are being discussed with the involvement of literature data. Keywords: Leguminosae, flower, inflorescence, zygomorphy, fasciation, meristem, Pisum, Lupinus Plant morphogenesis is connected with the existence of groups of cells which proliferate during the whole life, i.e. meristems. All aerial parts of a plant organism originate from a stem apical meristem (SAM) which results from plumule of embryo. Genetic control of SAM activity is most precisely dissected in the model plant species, Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (Brassicaceae). A number of genes negatively regulate SAM sizes; in case of mutations, SAM increases abnormally, a phenomenon commonly known as fasciation (White 1948, Choob & Sinyushin 2012). Numerous mutations cause stem fasciation in A. thaliana, the best known being clavata (clv1, clv2, clv3) and fasciata ( fas1, fas2; see Choob & Sinyushin 2012 for review). As teratological reviews indicate, fasciation affects different organs in distinct taxa (White 1948). Although genetic control of fasciation lies beyond the given survey, some associations in developmental anomalies are of special interest in non-model species, as they may shed some light upon coordinated evolution of different plant organs.
    [Show full text]
  • Detection of Rhodococcus Fascians, the Causative Agent of Lily Fasciation in South Korea
    pathogens Article Detection of Rhodococcus fascians, the Causative Agent of Lily Fasciation in South Korea Joon Moh Park 1,†, Jachoon Koo 2,†, Se Won Kang 3, Sung Hee Jo 4 and Jeong Mee Park 4,* 1 Forest Resource Research Division, Jeollabuk-do Forest Environment Research Institute, Jinan 55454, Korea; [email protected] 2 Division of Science Education and Institute of Fusion Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea; [email protected] 3 Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeonguep 56212, Korea; [email protected] 4 Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-42-860-4346 † These authors contributed equally. Abstract: Rhodococcus fascians is an important pathogen that infects various herbaceous perennials and reduces their economic value. In this study, we examined R. fascians isolates carrying a virulence gene from symptomatic lily plants grown in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis using the nucleotide sequences of 16S rRNA, vicA, and fasD led to the classification of the isolates into four different strains of R. fascians. Inoculation of Nicotiana benthamiana with these isolates slowed root growth and resulted in symptoms of leafy gall. These findings elucidate the diversification of domestic pathogenic R. fascians and may lead to an accurate causal diagnosis to help reduce economic losses in the bulb market. Citation: Park, J.M.; Koo, J.; Kang, S.W.; Jo, S.H.; Park, J.M. Detection of Keywords: fasciation; fasD; lily; Rhodococcus fascians; vicA Rhodococcus fascians, the Causative Agent of Lily Fasciation in South Korea.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genetics of Fasciation
    Trinity Student Scientific Review Vol. II The Genetics of Fasciation Aimée Gilmartin Junior Sophister Genetics Fasciation is a relatively rare plant deformity, which leads to the flattening of the stem bud by elongation, perpendicularly to the direction of growth of the flower. It can be caused by a range of different genetic factors such as inefficient repair of double stranded breaks, mutations and hormonal imbalances induced by fungal pathogens. The mutation of the breast cancer 2 gene (BRCA2), also present in plants, which is involved in double stranded break repair mechanisms, has been implicated in the progression of fasciation. Radiation has also been seen to induce an effect by increasing the rate of mutation. Gain of function mutations in the Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) Fasciated Stem 4 gene (AtFAS4) during certain periods of development can lead to a fasciated stem and also the loss of function mutations in the Maintenance of Meristem genes (MAINS). Main mutants induce fasciation by causing premature differentiation of the meristematic stem cells or cell death by the loss of stem cell maintenance. Rhodococcus Fascians (R.fascians) releases methylated cytokinins (MeCKs) which mimic plant hormonal activity leading to fasciation in plants. Cytokinins induce fasciation in plants by regulating genes which control shoot apical meristematic activity such as the CLAVATA 1 gene (CLV1). Phytopathogens which induce fasciation in plants promote their own proliferation by decreasing host fitness. This is done by producing phytohormones which lead to unusual development of floral organs. They can also alter the main primary carbon metabolism which leads to increased disease establishment. 148 Trinity Student Scientific Review Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Botanist Interior 43.1
    58 THE MICHIGAN BOTANIST Vol. 52 FIRST REPORT OF FASCIATION IN PITCHER’S THISTLE, CIRSIUM PITCHERI (ASTERACEAE) Noel B. Pavlovic 1,2 , Megan K. Korte 2, A. Kathryn McEachern 3, and R. Grundel 2 2U.S. Geological Survey 1100 N. Mineral Springs Rd. Porter, IN 46304 3U.S. Geological Survey 1901 Spinnaker Drive Ventura, CA 93001 ABSTRACT We document the first reported occurrence of fasciation in the federally threatened Pitcher’s this - tle, Cirsium pitcheri (Asteraceae). In 2013, we discovered two adult plants of Pitcher’s thistle out of a total of 176 plants at West Beach, near Miller, Indiana, USA, that exhibited both normal and fasci - ated growth. Unlike plants with normal growth, a portion of the upper stems of these plants was flat - tened, and some flower heads were elongated into a fan-like shape. Each plant had one large fasci - ated terminal seed head and several less severely fasciated ancillary heads. The fasciated terminal head on one of the plants found produced an estimated 1153 seeds, whereas normal terminal heads typically produced 80 ± 9 viable seeds. The cause of this fasciation is unclear, but may be due to in - fection with phytoplasma. KEYWORDS: Linear fasciation, Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore, phyllody, little leaf, seed production INTRODUCTION Fasciation is a morphological deformity in plants in which meristems become elongated transversely and produce wide banded stems, deformed leaves (re - ferred to as “little leaf”) and strange floral shapes (referred to as “phyllody”) (White 1948). Fasciation is distinct from other forms of deformity, as classified by Choob and Sinyushin (2012). Deformity can occur in seed embryos, stems, leaves, and flowers (White 1948).
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of the Washington Native Plant Society About This Issue WNPS Arthur R
    VOLUME 44, NO. 3 Fall/Winter 2020 Journal of the Douglasia WASHINGTON NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY To promote the appreciation and conservation of Washington’s native plants and their habitats through study, education, and advocacy. Fall/Winter 2020 • DOUGLASIA Douglasia VOLUME 44, NO. 3 FALL/WINTER 2020 journal of the washington native plant society About This Issue WNPS Arthur R. Kruckberg Fellows* Clay Antieau Lou Messmer** by Walter Fertig William Barker** Joe Miller** Nelsa Buckingham** Margaret Miller** “Hindsight is 20/20” is a proverb that is sure to take on Pamela Camp Mae Morey** added meaning in a few years as we look back on all the crazy Tom Corrigan** Brian O. Mulligan** events of 2020. From the coronavirus to economic calamity Melinda Denton** Ruth Peck Ownbey** Lee Ellis Sarah Reichard** and social reckoning, it is easy to feel that the world is spinning Betty Jo Fitzgerald** Jim Riley** out of control. Mary Fries** Gary Smith Amy Jean Gilmartin** Ron Taylor** In these turbulent times, the power of nature to inspire and Al Hanners** Richard Tinsley provide comfort is more important than ever. With that in Lynn Hendrix** Ann Weinmann mind, we present the Fall/Winter issue of Douglasia. In this is- Karen Hinman** Fred Weinmann Marie Hitchman * The WNPS Arthur R. Kruckeberg Fellow sue, you can accompany Richard Ramsden on a joyous flower- Catherine Hovanic is the highest honor given to a member spotting expedition, explore the world of big-headed sedges and Art Kermoade** by our society. This title is given to those fireweeds with Kathy Darrow, and learn about native plants Don Knoke** who have made outstanding contribu- Terri Knoke** tions to the understanding and/or that attract caterpillars from Regina Johnson.
    [Show full text]
  • Horticulturist Volume 69, Number 12 December 1990
    TRAVEL / STUDY TOURS FORmE ADS GARDENER MARCH 1-14, 1991 NATURAL GARDENS OF PANAMA AND COSTA RICA Join long-time AHS member Claude Hope on board the Yorktown Clipper on an extraordinary exploration voyage beginning in Panama City , Panama, and concluding in San Jose, Costa Rica. Explore the Caribbean coast of Panama, including the San Slas Islands. A daylight transit of the Panama Canal brings us to the Pacific coast of Costa Rica with its horticultural treasures coveted by botanists the world over. Explore quiet tropical rivers, major archaeological sites, cloud forests, volcanoes, and rain forest canopies brimming with orchids. Mr. Hope invites us for a special visit to Linda Vista, a 200-acre flower seed farm that he established at Cartago, Costa Rica. If you have ever planted petunias or impatiens in your garden, they were most likely from seed originated at Linda Vista. Leonard Haemer Travel Company, 7922 8onhomme Avenue, Sajnl Louis, MO 63105, (800) 942-6666, (31 4) 721 -6200 (in Missoun) APRIL 21-28, 1991 GARDENS OF THE MISSISSIPPI Experience the grandeur of the Mississippi from New Orleans to Memphis on board the Mississippi Queen. Ports of call along the river include Houmas House, Saint Francisville, Natchez, Vicksburg, and Greenville. Experiencetrue Southern hospitality as AHS members and friends along the river open their homes and gardens for this horticultural ad­ venture. Leonard Haemer Travel Company MAY 12-23, 1991 ENGLISH COUNTRYSIDE GARDENS AND THE CHELSEA FLOWER SHOW AHS members will have the unique opportunity to meet noted horticultural author, Rosemary Verey, and visit her home and garden-Barnsley House--<Juring this visit to the rolling hills of the Cotswolds and Kent.
    [Show full text]
  • July 2020 Issue
    JULY 2020 Muscatine County In this Issue: Article Page# News from Education Coordinator 2 News from the Chair 3 Zion Lutheran Church Donation Garden 4 Anna Christensen Opel 5 Garden Walk News 6 Pest Talk Articles 7-10 Cooking with Asparagus 11 Aldo Leopold 12 DIRT WORTHWHILE PAGE 1 JULY 2020 WORTHWHILE DIRT NEWSLETTER News from Education Coordinator By Carolyn Lemaster, Master Gardener Garden Tour! at Jim & Heather Harroun Saturday, July 4 at 9:00am - 2:00pm Sunday, July 5 at 12noon - 4:00pm Saturday, July 11 at 9:00am - 2:00pm Sunday, July 12 at 12noon - 4:00pm Address: 11723 – 238th St. W. Illinois City, IL (2 houses before Hilltop Greenhouses on the same side of the road). Please come and enjoy the fruits of our labor!! Peak bloom will probably be the 11-12th. Masks are not required, but please be mindful of your social distance. **Please bring your own lawn chair, bottled water will be provided! Iowa Master Gardener News & Views June Newsletter Iowa State University Extension and Outreach Horticulture and Home Pest News News, Videos and Podcasts University of Illinois Extension Four Seasons Gardening Webinar Living Carpets: Ground Covers Tuesday, July 14, at 1:30 p.m. Adventures in Edible Landscaping Tuesday, August 11, at 1:30 p.m. Trees Forever Webinars Fruit Tree Keepers Grow More Trees Creating a Buzz Linn County Master Gardeners invite you to attend “A Walk in the Park” This year we’re highlighting the gardens at Lowe Park (4500 N. 10th St in Marion). We have a variety of garden beds there (Roses, Perennials, Annuals and more).
    [Show full text]