DOCSLIB.ORG

Analecta Bollandiana

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Analecta Bollandiana ANALECTA BOLLANDIANA REVUE CRITIQUE D'HAGIOGRAPHIE A JOURNAL OF CRITICAL HAGIOGRAPHY PUBLIEE PAR LA EDITED BY THE SOCIETE DES BOLLANDISTES TOME 129 11- Decembre 2011 SOCIETE DES BOLLANDISTES 24, BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL B 1040 BRUXELLES Michael LAPIDGE THE METRICAL CALENDAR IN THE "PEMBROKE PSALTER-HOURS"- It has long been known that the so-called "Pembroke Psalter-Hours", one of the most lavishly illuminated manuscripts of the late Middle Ages, contains a lengthy example of a metrical calendar'. This metrical calendar (hereafter referred to as MCPH) has not previously been printed or stud- ied. Closer examination reveals the poem to be one of the most elaborate and ingenious surviving specimens of a seldom-studied medieval literary genre', and one that throws interesting light on the cult of saints in late medieval England. The "Pembroke Psalter-Hours", now Philadelphia, Museum of Art, Philip S. Collins Collection no. 45-65-2, is a combined Book of Hours B.Y.M. and Psalter, produced in Flanders, probably in Bruges, for export to England, in the third quarter of the fifteenth century (probably 1465 x 1470)3. The original book consists of 195 vellum leaves in large quarto format (291 x 205 mm.), containing the metrical calendar, followed by the Book of Hours B.Y.M. and the Psalter. To the original, late fifteenth-cen- tury, core were added twenty folios at the beginning of the manuscript, • List of abbreviations, see below p. 387. 1 See F. S. Ell-IS, Horae Pembrochianae. Some Account of an Illuminated Manuscript of the Hours of the Blessed Virgin Mary, written for William Herbert, first Earl of Pembroke, London, 1880, pp. 7-8, where Ellis discusses and prints (very inaccurately) the lines for January (= lines 1-32 in the edition printed below). See also MARROW, Pembroke Psalter-Hours, at p. 865, who rightly stresses the "singularity of this text", but goes on to suggest - mistakenly, in my view - that "it may well have been created for this commission". As we shall see, the met- rical calendar in the "Pembroke Psalter-Hours" is at least a century older than the book into which it has been copied. 2 The history of the metrical calendar remains to be written. See, for now, the remarks of R. A1GRAIN, L'hagiographie. Ses sources - Ses methodes - San histoire (= Subs. hag., 80), Brussels, 2000, pp. 54-55 (with bibliographical addendum by R. GoDDING at p. 406), and be- low, pp. 344-347. 3 For descriptions of the manuscript, see C. SHIPMAN,A Catalogue of Manuscripts form- ing a Portion of the Library of Robert Hoe, New York, 1909, pp. 46-50; S. DE RICCI - W. J. WILSON, Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada, vol. Il, New York, 1937, pp. 1654-1655; W. H. BOND, with C. U. FAYE, Supplement to the Census of Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts in the United States and Canada, New York, 1962, pp. 470-472; and C. ZIGROSSER. The Philip S. Collins Collection of Mediaeval Illumi- nated Manuscripts, in Philadelphia Museum of Art Bulletin, 58 (1962), pp. 29-32. After passing through the hands of various owners, the manuscript was acquired by the Philadelphia Museum of Art in 1945. Analeeta Bollandiana, 129 (2011), p. 325-387. 326 M.LAPIDGE dating from the mid-sixteenth century and containing the coat of arms of WilIiam Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, a full-page portrait of the Earl, and a number of Latin prayers; at the end of the manuscript are fifteen further folios containing prayers in English said to have been collected by "Prin- cesse Katherine quene of England", that is, Katherine Parr (1512-1548), sixth and last wife of Henry VIII, whose sister was the first wife of the Earl of Pembroke". The original book is lavishly illuminated with twenty- one full-page miniatures and eight large arched miniatures, plus 174 min- iatures of column widths. It is thought that the illuminations were pro- duced by at least six painters in the vivid style of the Masters of Anthony of Burgundy", and these might have included Philippe de Mazerolles at an early stage of his career', From the fact that the manuscript was owned in the sixteenth century by William Herbert, first earl (of the present creation) of Pembroke (1506n-1570)8, it has been conjectured that the manuscript was commissioned by his grandfather, William Herbert, first earl (of the first creation) of Pembroke (c. 1423-1469), who was a close friend and ally of King Edward IV, but who was captured at the battle of Danes Moor at Edgcote by rebel forces led by Richard Neville, earl of Warwick, taken to 9 Northampton, and beheaded there on 27 July 1469 • On the assumption that this WilIiam Herbert was the manuscript's patron, it must have been commissioned before 1469, but when it was finished and exported to En- gland is unknown. The metrical calendar (MCPH) is incorporated into the body of a li- turgical calendar on fols. 21 T_26v (that is, at the very beginning of the ori- ginal, fifteenth-century, book)'", Like the remainder of the manuscript, the folios containing the calendar are lavishly decorated, with historiated initials and twelve marginal miniatures, one to each folio of the calendar, 4 The English prayers are printed by ELUS, Horae Pembrochianae ... (see above n. 1), pp. 52-67. s Ellis (ibid., pp. 9-50) provides a full list and description of all the miniatures in the ma- nuscript. Shipman (A Catalogue ... [see above n. 31, pp. 46-50) gives a list and description of the full-page miniatures. The lavishly-illustrated study by MARROW, Pembroke Psalter-Hours, has six full-page colour plates and seventeen full-page black and white illustrations. 6 MARROW, Pembroke Psalter-Hours, pp. 889-895. 7 ZIGROSSER, The Philip S. Collins Collection ... (see above n. 3), p. 32. 8 See N. P. SIL, Herbert, Witliam.first earl of Pembroke (1506/7-1570), in ODNB, 26, pp. 731-736. 9 R. A. GRIFFITlIS, Herbert, William,jirst earl of Pembroke (c. 1423-1469), in ODNB, 26, pp. 729-73 I. 10 Given the unmistakably English component of commemorations in MePH, it seems clear that the text of the poem was supplied to the artists in Bruges from an English source. METRICAL CALENDAR IN THE 'PEMBROKE PSALTER-HOURS' 327 each consisting of two roundels, illustrating (in the left-hand roundels) seasonal occupations and (in the right-hand roundels) the signs of the zo- diactl• As is usual in a late medieval liturgical calendar, there are three vertical columns on the left-hand side of each page: the first, at the far left, 12 recording so-called "Golden Numbers .. , the middle column giving so- 13 called "Dominical" or "Sunday Letters.. , and the right-hand column the days of the month in Roman reckoning: kalends, nones, ides and kalends for the following month. At the beginning of each month, as in all late medieval calendars, there is a (prose) statement of how many solar and lunar days the month contains (e.g. in January there are thirty-one solar days and thirty lunar days: Ianuarius habet dies .xxxi. et luna habet dies .xxx.); at the end of each month, on the bottom of the page, there is another statement, in verse (hexameters) this time, indicating how many hours of daylight and darkness there are in each twenty-four hour day: the two ex- tremities are December (18 hrs night, 6 hrs daylight) and June (6 hrs night, 18 hrs daylight); in the months between January and May, the amount of daylight grows by two hours per month, and between July and November decreases by two hours per month (e.g. in January there are eight hours of light and twice that, i.e. sixteen, of darkness: Horas octo lux, duplas horas habet hie nox; in February there are ten hours (bis quinque) of light and night exceeds this figure by four, i.e. there are fourteen hours of darkness: quinque bis horas lux, excedit quatuor hie nox; and so on). Finally, into his text for each month the poet of MCPH has inserted a single, leonine hexameter stating which days of the month are "unlucky" - these days 4 are called dies ma/ae or dies rEgyptiad • The twelve-line poem from 11 There are two full-page plates, showing the months of January and February, in MAR- ROW, Pembroke Psalter-Hours, pp. 863-864 (illustrations I and 2: fols. 21' and 21' respectively). 12 These numbers indicate in which year of the decemnovenal cycle there will be a new moon at the beginning of the month in question. Thus against I Jan. the roman numeral .iii. indicates that in the third year of the decernnovenal cycle the moon will be new on I Jan. See B. BLACKBURN - L. HOll'ORD-STREYENS, The Oxford Companion to the Year. An Exploration o/Calendar Customs and Time-Reckoning, Oxford, 1999, p. 758. In order to determine the po- sition of the present year in any decernnovenal cycle, it would be necessary to consult a sepa- rate computistical table. 13 These letters, which run from a to g in this manuscript, give the day of the week and run consecutively through the entire year, beginning with a against I Jan. Thus if in a particular year I Jan. should happen to fall on a Tuesday, every subsequent occurrence of the letter a will mark a Tuesday. See BLACKBURN - HOl.FORD-STREVENS, The Oxford Companion to the Year, pp. 829-832. 14 These are days on which it was considered hazardous, for example, to embark on a sea journey or to undergo blood-letting, etc.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anglo-Saxon Christianity • Britons Couldn’T Resist Waves of Anglo-Saxons Because; • Saxons Were Pagan (Thor, Freya, Etc.) – Peace-Loving, Civilized Vs
    Frankish Kingdom of Gaul Christianity in Roman Gaul • Many Christian communities existed in Roman era Gaul. • Lyons and Marseilles were early centers. • Lyons was the site of a notorious persecution in 177. • Irenaeus of Lyons was a Church Father. • Dozens of Roman- era saints: Victor of Marseilles, Gatian, Germanus of Auxurre, etc. www.Heritage-History.com Missionaries and Martyrs Saints of Tours, Poitiers • During the 4th and 5th centuries, Tours was an • 250 Denis — Bishop of Paris who was important center of Christian civilization. martyred by the Druids because of his • 368 Hilary of Poitiers — Elected Bishop success in converting the Gauls to although he was not a priest. Produced important Christianity. Patron of France, headaches works of theology and resisted the Arian heresy. • 286 Crispin and Crispinian — Cobbler • 397 Martin of Tours — Soldier who gave up his brothers who fled to Gaul to avoid military career to become a Christian and bishop persecution, but headed by Diocletian. of Tours. Patron of France, subject of legends. Patron of cobblers, tanners. • 490 Perpetuus — Energetic and long reigning • 287 Quentin — Missionary to Gaul with bishop of Tours. Known for preaching and Saint Lucian. Performed miracles and building monasteries and churches. escaped prison before being recaptured Contemporary of Clovis I. and martyred. • 594 Gregory of Tours —Sixth century bishop • 290 Lucian of Beauvais — Missionary of Tours, then the capital of Gaul. He was a priest who traveled with St. Quentin in historian of the Merovingian era of France. One Northern France. Martyred during of the most important historians of the period. Diocletian Persecutions.
    [Show full text]
  • April 2019 1 Periodical Postage Paidperiodical at York New Boston
    EASTER BASKET FOODS AND THE SYMBOLISMPOLISH BEHIND AMERICAN THEM JOURNAL • APRIL 2019 www.polamjournal.com 1 PERIODICAL POSTAGE PAID AT BOSTON, NEW YORK AT PERIODICAL PAID POSTAGE POLISH AMERICAN AND ADDITIONAL ENTRY OFFICES JOURNALDEDICATED TO THE PROMOTION AND CONTINUANCE OF POLISH AMERICAN CULTURE ESTABLISHED 1911 APRIL 2019 • VOL. 108, NO. 4 • $2.25 www.polamjournal.com EASTER MASSES AND BASKET BLESSINGS • WHERE TO FIND YOUR ANCESTOR’S PASSENGER LISTS NEW CHURCH FEAST DAY • IPN TO SUE MSNBC MITCHELL • WNYPAC TAKES ON NEWSPAPER REMEMBERING HOW MINNESOTA WOMEN MADE A DIFFERENCE • CURSED SOLDIERS HONORED Święcone – A Youth-Inspired PolAm Easter “Widziałam Pana” best-known Polish Easter Custom by Robert Strybel he blessing of Easter fare on Holy Satur- Tday originated back in the 15th century and has re- mained the best-known Pol- ish Easter custom to this day. It is practiced by 95 percent of all families in Poland and countless Polish Americans across the United States. Each element in the święconka (Easter basket) has a symbolic meaning. The white linen or lace napkin that lines the wicker basket represents the shroud which enclosed the lifeless body of “I have seen the Lord” Christ; The Baranek (Easter THE MANOR-HOUSE TABLE was recreated at St. Casimir’s “Resurrection Tables” seminar, Lamb), made of butter or sug- the ninth in a series of Family Heritage sessions at the Buffalo, N.Y. parish. …. Mary was standing outside near the tomb, weep- ar (rock candy), but also of ing. Then, as she wept, she stooped to look inside, and Teens, Parents, and cut-out scenes, and a Heaven Door.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to Saints and Symbols in Stained Glass
    Guide to Saints and Symbols in Stained Glass In churches and chapels, stained glass windows help create the sense of a sacred space. Stained glass windows of the saints can provide worshipers with inspirational illustrations of the venerated. The various saints may be depicted in stained glass either symbolically or in scenes from their lives. One of the challenges facing church designers, building committees and pastors doing church construction or remodeling is finding the right stained Saint Matthew Saint Mark glass images for your church or chapel. Panel #1001 Panel #1000 To help you, Stained Glass Inc. offers the largest selection of stained glass in the world. You will find Stained Glass Inc. windows to be of the finest quality, affordable and custom made to the size and shape of your window. If your church or organization is looking for a stained glass window of a saint, we can help. Not all the saints are listed here. If you are looking for a particular saint and you don’t find him or her listed here, just contact us, we can create a stained glass artwork for you. Saint Luke Saint John Panel #1005 Panel #1006 4400 Oneal, Greenville, TX • Phone: (903) 454-8376 [email protected] • www.StainedGlassInc.com To see more Saints in stained glass, click here: http://stainedglassinc.com/religious/saints-and-angels/saints.html The following is a list of the saints and their symbols in stained glass: Saint Symbol in Stained Glass and Art About the Saint St. Acathius may be illustrated in Bishop of Melitene in the third century.
    [Show full text]
  • The Practice of Piety and Virtual Pilgimage
    THE PRACTICE OF PIETY AND VIRTUAL PILGIMAGE AT ST. KATHERINE’S CONVENT IN AUGSBURG _______________________________________ A Thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at the University of Missouri-Columbia _______________________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts _____________________________________________________ by MISTY MULLIN Dr. Anne Rudloff Stanton, Thesis Supervisor MAY 2012 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled THE PRACTICE OF PIETY AND VIRTUAL PILGRIMAGE AT ST. KATHERINE’S CONVENT IN AUGSBURG presented by Misty Mullin, a candidate for the degree of master of arts, and hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor Anne Rudloff Stanton Professor Norman Land Professor Rabia Gregory Mary L. Pixley, PhD ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Anne Rudloff Stanton, my advisor, for suggesting that I read Pia Cuneo’s article “The Basilica Cycle of Saint Katherine’s Convent: Art and Female Community in Early-Renaissance Augsburg,” which led to the discovery of my thesis topic. I greatly appreciate all the encouragement and support she provided me throughout the thesis process and valued all her comments, which helped organize and clarify my writing. I could not have produced my thesis without her! I would also like to thank Dr. Norman Land for his dedication to good writing because it made me focus on the use of language and clarity in my own writing. I appreciate that he takes the time to actually look at art and I enjoyed hearing all of his humorous anecdotal stories. I would also like to thank Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Daily Saints - 6 November
    Daily Saints - 6 November Feast of Saint Leonard of Noblac Born: 19 May, Died: 559 AD, Venerated in Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Anglican Church, Attributes: Depicted as an Abbot holding chains, fetters or locks, or manacles He is the patron saint of women in labour, barrel makers, coopers, blacksmiths, captives, prisoners, childbirth, coal miners, coppersmiths, farmers, greengrocers, grocers, horses, locksmiths, miners, porters and against burglaries and against robberies or robbers. St Leonard of Noblac was born to the Frankish nobility. He was part of the court of the pagan King Clovis I. He was converted to Christianity by Saint Remigius, Bishop of Reims. During a certain invasion which they were losing, the Queen suggested to Leonard that he invoke the help of God to repel the invading army. He did, and the tide of battle turned, naming Clovis victorious. Saint Remigius, bishop of Rheims then used this miracle to convert the King, Leonard, and a thousand of their followers to Christianity. Following his conversion, St. Leonard refused the offer of a See from his grandfather, King Clovis I. He then began a life of austerity, sanctification, and preaching. His desire to know God grew so strong that he decided to enter the monastery at Orleans. His brother, Saint Lifiard, followed his example and, leaving the King's court, built a monastery at Meun, and lived there. It is said that while King Clovis was hunting nearby, Clothilde, his wife, went into labour. St Leonard was called to her bedside. He prayed with the King through the night and, through the intercession of his prayers, the Queen and the child were saved.
    [Show full text]
  • What Was the Relationship Between Southern Italy and Sicily, Crusading and the Crusader States, C
    What was the relationship between Southern Italy and Sicily, Crusading and the Crusader States, c. 1060-1198? Paula Z. Hailstone Royal Holloway, University of London PhD Degree 1 Declaration of authorship I, Paula Z Hailstone, hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it is entirely my own. Where I have consulted the work of others, that is always clearly stated. Signed: Date: 26th September 2018 2 Abstract Despite the centrality of their geographical location in relation to routes to the East, the contribution of southern Italy and Sicily to the history of crusading and the crusader states (c. 1060-1198) has often only been recognised in passing. Historians have tended to focus upon either the development of the Italo-Norman states in southern Italy and Sicily, or on the crusades and their outcome in the Latin East. This thesis examines the interaction between these two different strands through an exploration of the role of identity. Building upon previous scholarship, it argues that an emergent Italo-Norman identity can be discerned in the actions and practices of the southern Italian contingent on the First Crusade and its aftermath. Different elements of identity were foregrounded by Bohemond et al for political purposes. A similar process of deliberate identification occurred following the creation of the kingdom of Sicily. Here, differences in the identities adopted on Sicily and the mainland were reflected in the subsequent political orientation of the two areas, with Sicily looking towards North Africa whilst the mainland continued to act as the principal conduit between the West and the Latin Near East.
    [Show full text]
  • ALPHABETICAL LIST of SAINTS by CAUSE Boys St
    ALPHABETICAL LIST OF SAINTS BY CAUSE Boys St. John Bosco Brazil Feast of the Immaculate Conception A Breast disease, against St. Agatha Accountants St. Matthew Brewers St. Luke, St. Augustine of Hippo, St. Actors St. Genesius Nicholas Addicts St. Maximilian Mary Kolbe Bricklayers St. Stephen Advertising St. Bernardine of Siena Brides St. Nicholas African-Americans St. Benedict the African, St. Broadcasters Michael, Gabriel and Raphael Peter Claver, St. Martin de Porres Builders St. Barbara, St. Vincent Ferrer AIDS patients St. Peregrine Laziosi Businessmen St. Homobonus Alcoholics Venerable Matt Talbot, St. Monica Businesswomen St. Margaret Clitherow Altar servers St. John Berchmans Butchers St. Anthony the Abbot, St. Luke Americas Our Lady of Guadalupe, St. Rose of Lima C Anesthetists St. Rene Goupil Cab drivers St. Fiacre Animals St. Francis of Assisi Canada Sts. Ann and Joachim, St. Joseph Archaeologists St. Helen Cancer patients St. Peregrine Laziosi Architects St. Thomas the Apostle Carpenters St. Joseph Argentina Our Lady of Lujan Catechists St. Charles Borromeo, St. Robert Art St. Catharine of Bologna Bellarmine, St. Viator Artists St. Luke, St. Catharine of Bologna, Catechumens St. Charles Borromeo, St. Robert Blessed Fra Angelico Bellarmine Astronauts St. Joseph of Cupertino Catholic schools St. Thomas Aquinas Astronomers St. Dominic Catholic youth St. Aloysius Gonzaga, St. Maria Athletes St. Sebastian Goretti Attorneys St. Thomas More, St. Raymond of Charities St. Vincent de Paul Penyafort Childbirth St. Gerard Majella, St. Raymond Australia Our Lady Help of Christians Nonnatus Authors St. Francis de Sales Children St. Nicholas Chile Our Lady of Mount Carmel, St. James the B Greater Babies Feast of the Holy Innocents China St.
    [Show full text]
  • The Song of Girart of Vienne by Bertrand De Bar-Sur-Aube : a Twelfth-Century Chanson De Geste
    The Song of Girart of Vienne by Bertrand de Bar'Sur-^Auhe The Song of Girart of Vienne by Bertrand de Bar-Sur-Aube cneOievAL & RewAissAMce xexTS & STuOies Volume 196 The Song of Girart of Vienne by Bertrand de Bar-Sur-Aube A Twelfth-Century Chanson de Geste Translated by Michael A. Newth Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies Tempe, Arizona 1999 — ® Copyright 1999 Arizona Board of Regents for Arizona State University Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Girard de Viane (Chanson de geste). English The song of Girart of Vienna by Bertrand de Bar-sur-Aube : a twelfth- century chanson de geste / translated by Michael A. Newth. p. cm. — (Medieval & Renaissance Texts & Studies ; v. 196) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-86698-238-8 1. Chansons de geste—Translations into English. 2. Epic poetry, French Translations into English. I. Bertrand de Bar-sur-Aube, 12th cent, n. Newth, Michael A. III. Title. IV. Series: Medieval & Renaissance Texs & Studies (Series) ; v. 196. PQ1463.G78E5 1999 84lM-dc21 99-17134 CIP @ This book is made to last. It is set in Garamond, smythe-sewn and printed on acid-free paper to library specifications. Printed in the United States of America For Clifford Aspland "Deus et seint Pere vos en sache bon gre de cest avoir que nos avez preste;" Girart de Vienne 11. 404-405 Contents Introduction ix Select Bibliography xdi The Geography of Girart of Vienne xxiv Girart of "Wenne Part One: The Youth of Girart 1 Part Two: Hostilities Begin 43 Part Three: The Siege of Vienne 85 Part Four: The Reconciliation 164 Index of Proper Names 190 Introduction Authorship The chanson de geste known today as Girart de Vienne is preserved in five manuscript copies, four of them part of large cycHc compilations, which date from the middle of the thirteenth to the middle of the fourteenth centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Windows of the Sacred Heart of Jesus Parish, San José, California
    The Windows of the Sacred Heart of Jesus Parish, San José, California Sacred Heart of Jesus Parish 325 Willow St. San José, CA 95110 (408) 292-0146 Introduction This document is meant to be, not simply a record and guide to the stained glass windows of Sacred Heart of Jesus parish in San José, California, but also an aid to prayer and meditation. Each of the windows portray holy women and men, angels, the Virgin Mary (in various guises), or Our Lord. These images therefore are intended to be sources of inspiration: for imitation as models of christian disciple- ship, as source of humility in the face of God’s awesome goodness, and as focus points for prayerful meditation on the deepest mysteries of God’s love. In all cases the images presented have layers of meaning much deeper than the simple, though glorious, use of beautifully colored light to brightly decorate the interior of the church. Stained glass windows are treasured in Chrisitan art as yet another way to present to the church images meant to illuminate the heart and soul of those open to the light. As with all art and human artifice in general, these windows will, in the end, fall far short of even a significant experience of the greater reality they seek to communicate. They are hampered by the fact that they are works of humans, limited to a time and a place, stuck in a given cul- ture, using a particular style and medium. However if the viewer can be helped to understand some of the “language” of that particular time and culture, the limitations of the The lower, larger windows are numbered from the door to artform and style, then a deeper appreciation can begin to the altar, with Roman numerals (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • View the History of Margaret of Antioch
    St. Margaret of Antioch — St. Margaret’s Church — July 17, 2016 Margaret of Antioch is considered the patron saint of St. Margaret’s Church, Westminster Parish, Annapolis MD. The following describes • Antioch • The Legend of Margaret of Antioch • Margaret of Antioch as one of 14 Helper Saints (Holy Helpers/Intercessors) • How Margaret of Antioch likely became the patron saint of our church Antioch Antioch (Antakya) was a populous city of ancient Syria. In 2016 with a population of 250,000 it is a major city in south- central Turkey, 12 miles northwest of the Syrian border and caught up in the Syrian Civil War. The UN reports that in Antakya and other nearby cities Syrian refugee boys and girls are paid minimum to stitch, cut and measure camouflage material that they then help older refugees piece together for uniforms that are smuggled to ISIS in Syria. Founded in 300 BCE, the city was the center of the Seleucid Kingdom until 64 BCE when it was annexed by Rome, becoming the capital of the Roman Province of Syria. Pontius Pilate’s Roman superior, the Governor of Syria, would have held office here during the time of Jesus’ crucifixion except that the office of governor was vacant at the time. It was the third largest city of the Roman Empire after Rome and Alexandria and one of the earliest centers of Christianity. Perhaps here followers of Jesus were first called Christians. The city was headquarters for St. Paul 47–55 CE, long before the gospels were written. By the fourth century CE the Church of Antioch ranked with the churches of Jerusalem, Rome, Alexandria, and Constantinople.
    [Show full text]
  • Etypikon 2021
    esus said to Simon Peter, “Simon, son of Jonah, do you love Me more than these?” He said to Him, “Yes, Lord; You know that I love You.” He said to him, “Feed My lambs.” JHe said to him again a second time, “Simon, son of Jonah, do you love Me?” He said to Him, “Yes, Lord; You know that I love You.” He said to him, “Tend My sheep.” He said to him the third time, “Simon, son of Jonah, do you love Me?” Peter was grieved because He said to him the third time, “Do you love Me?” And he said to Him, “Lord, You know all things; You know that I love You.” Jesus said to him, “Feed My sheep.” John 21:15-17 Toronto • 2020 • Торонто СЛАВА ІСУСУ ХРИСТУ 3 GLORY TO JESUS CHRIST This typikon was prepared by Fr. Bohdan Hladio of St. John the Baptist Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Oshawa, Ontario, as part of the pastyr.ca project – a vounteer-initiated and maintained web portal to support the preparation, publication and dissemination of Orthodox liturgical texts and music as practised in the Eastern Eparchy of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada. This typikon is based upon the original work of then Archimandrite Job (Getcha) – now Archbishop Job of Telmessos – an enduring foundation to which the present work is indebted. The liturgical directives contained herein conform to the rules governing the order for services found in the Typikon of the Orthodox Church. Since this typikon has been prepared for parish usage, certain abridgements have been made.
    [Show full text]
  • St. Leonard of Noblac
    St. Leonard of Noblac Born: 19 May Died: 559 AD Venerated: in Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Anglican Church Feast: November 6 Attributes depicted as an abbot holding chains, fetters or locks, or manacles. Patronage: political prisoners, imprisoned people, prisoners of war, and captives, wom- en in labour, as well as horses. Leonard of Noblac (or of Limoges or Noblet; also known as Lienard, Linhart, Leonhard, Léonard, Leonardo, Annard) (died 559 AD), is a Frankish saint closely associated with the town and abbey of Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat, in Haute-Vienne, in the Limousin (re- gion) of France. Traditional biography According to the romance that accrued to his name, recorded in an 11th-century vita, Leonard was a Frankish noble in the court of Clovis I, founder of the Merovingian dy- nasty. He was converted to Christianity along with the king, at Christmas 496, by Saint Remigius, Bishop of Reims. Leonard asked Clovis to grant him personally the right to liberate prisoners whom he would find worthy of it, at any time. Leonard secured the release of a number of prisoners, for whom he has become a pa- tron saint, then, declining the offer of a bishopric— a prerogative of Merovingian no- bles— he entered the monastery at Micy near Orléans, under the direction of Saint Mesmin and Saint Lie. Then, according to his legend, Leonard became a hermit in the forest of Limousin, where he gathered a number of followers. Through his prayers the queen of the Franks was safely delivered of a male child, and in recompense Leonard was given royal lands at Noblac, 21 km (13 mi) from Limoges.
    [Show full text]