Volatile Substance Abuse
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Precursors and Chemicals Frequently Used in the Illicit Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances 2017
INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL BOARD Precursors and chemicals frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances 2017 EMBARGO Observe release date: Not to be published or broadcast before Thursday, 1 March 2018, at 1100 hours (CET) UNITED NATIONS CAUTION Reports published by the International Narcotics Control Board in 2017 The Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2017 (E/INCB/2017/1) is supplemented by the following reports: Narcotic Drugs: Estimated World Requirements for 2018—Statistics for 2016 (E/INCB/2017/2) Psychotropic Substances: Statistics for 2016—Assessments of Annual Medical and Scientific Requirements for Substances in Schedules II, III and IV of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances of 1971 (E/INCB/2017/3) Precursors and Chemicals Frequently Used in the Illicit Manufacture of Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances: Report of the International Narcotics Control Board for 2017 on the Implementation of Article 12 of the United Nations Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances of 1988 (E/INCB/2017/4) The updated lists of substances under international control, comprising narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and substances frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, are contained in the latest editions of the annexes to the statistical forms (“Yellow List”, “Green List” and “Red List”), which are also issued by the Board. Contacting the International Narcotics Control Board The secretariat of the Board may be reached at the following address: Vienna International Centre Room E-1339 P.O. Box 500 1400 Vienna Austria In addition, the following may be used to contact the secretariat: Telephone: (+43-1) 26060 Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5867 or 26060-5868 Email: [email protected] The text of the present report is also available on the website of the Board (www.incb.org). -
Analgesia and Sedation in Hospitalized Children
Analgesia and Sedation in Hospitalized Children By Elizabeth J. Beckman, Pharm.D., BCPS, BCCCP, BCPPS Reviewed by Julie Pingel, Pharm.D., BCPPS; and Brent A. Hall, Pharm.D., BCPPS LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Evaluate analgesics and sedative agents on the basis of drug mechanism of action, pharmacokinetic principles, adverse drug reactions, and administration considerations. 2. Design an evidence-based analgesic and/or sedative treatment and monitoring plan for the hospitalized child who is postoperative, acutely ill, or in need of prolonged sedation. 3. Design an analgesic and sedation treatment and monitoring plan to minimize hyperalgesia and delirium and optimize neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. INTRODUCTION ABBREVIATIONS IN THIS CHAPTER Pain, anxiety, fear, distress, and agitation are often experienced by GABA γ-Aminobutyric acid children undergoing medical treatment. Contributory factors may ICP Intracranial pressure include separation from parents, unfamiliar surroundings, sleep dis- PAD Pain, agitation, and delirium turbance, and invasive procedures. Children receive analgesia and PCA Patient-controlled analgesia sedatives to promote comfort, create a safe environment for patient PICU Pediatric ICU and caregiver, and increase patient tolerance to medical interven- PRIS Propofol-related infusion tions such as intravenous access placement or synchrony with syndrome mechanical ventilation. However, using these agents is not without Table of other common abbreviations. risk. Many of the agents used for analgesia and sedation are con- sidered high alert by the Institute for Safe Medication Practices because of their potential to cause significant patient harm, given their adverse effects and the development of tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms. Added layers of complexity include the ontogeny of the pediatric patient, ongoing disease processes, and presence of organ failure, which may alter the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these medications. -
Butenes Separation, Supp. A
PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM SRI INTERNATIONAL Menlo Park, California 94025 Abstract Process Economics Program Report No. 71A BUTTLENES (October 1982) Demand is fast increasing for lsobutylene, especially that used in manufacturing methyl tertiary-butyl ether, and for high purity butene-1 to use as a copolymer in linear low density polyethylene. Because of their wide availability, mixed butane-butylene streams from oleflns plants and petroleum refineries are being increasingly fed to plants to separate butylenes for use in chemicals. This first supplement to Report No. 71 updates demand projections, production capacities, and separation techniques for high purity butene-1 and lsobutylene. The processes that are now available for separating and purifying both butene-1 and lsobutylene from mixed butyl- ene streams are evaluated and compared. Other procedures for obtaining butylenes, such as dehydrogenatlon, lsomerleatlon, and disproportion&ion, are not updated in this report. PEP’81 JLC Report No. 71A - BUTYLENES SUPPLEMENT A by JOHN L. CHADWICK I I October 1982 f-F0 0 A private report by the m PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM 0 Menlo Park, California 94025 0 For detailed marketing data and information, the reader is referred to one of the SRI programs specializing in marketing research. The CHEMICALECONOMICS HANDBOOK Program covers most major chemicals and chemical products produced in the United States and the WORLDPETROCHEMICALS Program covers major hkdrocarbons and their derivatives on a worldwide basis. In addition, the SRI DIRECTORYOF CHEMICALPRODUCERS services provide detailed lists of chemical producers by company, prod- uct, and plant for the United States and Western Europe. ii CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION . 1 2 SUMMARY . -
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Ordinary Level
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Ordinary Level HISTORY 2158/13 Paper 1 World Affairs, 1917–1991 May/June 2014 2 hours 30 minutes Additional Materials: Answer Booklet/Paper *9722304068* READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST If you have been given an Answer Booklet, follow the instructions on the front cover of the Booklet. Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer five questions. Section A Answer at least one question from this Section. Sections B to F Answer questions from at least two of these Sections. All questions in this paper carry equal marks. The first part of each question is worth 14 marks and the last part is worth 6 marks. Answer each part of the questions chosen as fully as you can. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. This document consists of 7 printed pages and 1 blank page. DC (LK) 90309 © UCLES 2014 [Turn over 2 Section A International Relations and Developments 1 Describe how the Treaty of Versailles: (a) changed the European borders of Germany; (b) brought Germany’s colonial empire to an end. How far do you agree that Germany was not treated fairly by the terms of the Treaty of Versailles? 2 Describe the main features of: (a) Mussolini’s conquest of Abyssinia in 1935–36; (b) Hitler’s taking of Austria and Czechoslovakia in 1938–39. -
Disinfection Byproducts in Chlorinated Drinking Water
International Journal of Water and Wastewater Treatment SciO p Forschene n HUB for Sc i e n t i f i c R e s e a r c h ISSN 2381-5299 | Open Access RESEARCH ARTICLE Volume 4 - Issue 2 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16966/2381-5299.156 Disinfection Byproducts in Chlorinated Drinking Water Malia Vester1, Hany F Sobhi2 and Mintesinot Jiru1* 1Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, Maryland, USA 2Center for Organic Synthesis, Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, Maryland, USA *Corresponding author: Mintesinot Jiru, Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, Maryland, USA, Tel: 410-951-4139; E-mail: [email protected] Received: 07 Jul, 2018 | Accepted: 14 Nov, 2018 | Published: 20 Nov, 2018 Citation: Vester M, Sobhi HF, Jiru M (2018) Disinfection Byproducts in Chlorinated Drinking Water. Int J Water Wastewater Treat 4(2): dx.doi. org/10.16966/2381-5299.156 Copyright: © Vester M, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract Trihalomethanes (THMs) are disinfection byproducts formed through the reaction of chlorine and organic matter. There are four forms of Trihalomethanes: chloroform, bromoform, dibromochloromethane and bromodichloromethane. Studies have shown that chloroform, a principal disinfection byproduct, is carcinogenic in rodents. Although the presence of these hazardous materials are constantly being monitored by Water Treatment Plant and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), they continue to be present at an unpredictable levels and the full effects of these byproducts are not fully understood. -
Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization and Study of the Antimicrobial Activity of Chlorobutanol H
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol:12, No:3, 2018 Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization and Study of the Antimicrobial Activity of Chlorobutanol H. Nadia, G. Bahdja, S. Thili Malha, Y. Zahoua, D. Taoufik, B. Mourad, M. Marzouk, F. Z. Hadjadj Aoul, L. R. Mekacher I. INTRODUCTION Abstract—Introduction and objectives: Chlorobutanol is a raw XCIPIENTS play a vital role in the design, manufacture material, mainly used as an antiseptic and antimicrobial preservative and preservation of drugs. The addition of an in injectable and ophthalmic preparations. The main objective of our E study was the synthesis and evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of antimicrobial agents is of great interest in the case where the chlorobutanol hemihydrates. Material and methods: Chlorobutanol pharmaceutical preparations do not have adequate was synthesized according to the nucleophilic addition reaction of antimicrobial properties, (especially aqueous preparations), to chloroform to acetone, identified by an infrared absorption using prevent proliferation or limit microbial contamination [1], [2]. Spectrum One FTIR spectrometer, melting point, Scanning electron Chlorobutanol is a trihalogen alcohol with bacteriostatic and microscopy and colorimetric reactions. The dosage of Carvedilol fungistatic activity. The main objective of our work was to active substance was carried out by assaying the degradation products of chlorobutanol in a basic solution. The chlorobutanol obtained was obtain chlorobutanol hemihydrate by chemical synthesis, its subjected to bacteriological tests in order to study its antimicrobial purification and characterization as well as the study of its activity. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against strains such antimicrobial activity. as Escherichia coli (ATCC 25 922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25 923) and Pseudomonas aeroginosa (ATCC = American type II. -
Chemistry 234 Chapter 16 Problem Set Electrophilic Aromatic
Chemistry 234 Chapter 16 Problem Set Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution 1) Predict the product and draw the mechanism for electrophile generation for each of the following reactions. Cl (a) 2 FeCl3 HNO3 (b) H2SO4 SO (c) 3 H2SO4 2) Explain why reaction of benzene with Br2/FeBr3 results in the product bromobenzne instead of 5,6-dibromo-1,3-cyclohexadiene. 3) Predict the product and draw the active electrophile for each reaction shown below. Cl (a) AlCl3 Cl (b) AlCl3 Cl O (c) AlCl3 Page 1 of 13 Chem. 234 – Chapter 16 Problem Set 4) Explain why each of the following substrates do not undergo Freidel-Crafts reactions. NH2 NO2 N(CH3)3 NH 5) Arrange the following benzene substituents in order of reactivity in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. O Cl Ph Ph N Ph Ph H O N H S Ph N Ph Ph Ph O O 6) Predict the maJor products when the following benzene derivatives are treated to nitration conditions (HNO3/H2SO4). a. O Br b. NH2 Br c. NO2 Cl 7) Write the full electron pushing mechanism for the nitration of toluene. Page 2 of 13 Chem. 234 – Chapter 16 Problem Set 8) Predict the product(s) when each of the following benzene derivatives is treated to chloroethane and AlCl3. a. Br b. NH2 Cl c. OH Br d. OH Cl Cl e. NO2 Cl Cl f. Br Br g. SO3H Page 3 of 13 Chem. 234 – Chapter 16 Problem Set 9) Predict the product(s) when the following benzene derivatives are subjected to electrophilic chlorination conditions (Cl2, FeCl3). -
United States Patent Office Patented Feb
3,794,643 United States Patent Office Patented Feb. 26, 1974 1. 2 3,794,643 aZolinedione derivatives are produced by reacting the QUINAZOLINEDONE DERIVATIVES compounds having the following general formula: Takahiro Yabuuchi, Takarazuka, and Hajime Fujimura, Akira Nakagawa, and Ryuichi Kimura, Kyoto, Japan, assignors to Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc., Tosu, Saga Prefecture, Japan No Drawing. Filed Apr. 20, 1971, Ser. No. 135,693 int, C. C07, 51/48 U.S. C. 260-260 8 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE O The present invention relates to novel quinazolinedione R3 R2 derivatives possessing excellent anti-inflammatory action and analgesic action, and process for the production (wherein R2 and/or Rs have the same meaning as men thereof by reacting the compounds having the following 5 tioned above) with the general formula, RX or RSO, general formula, (wherein R represents the same substances as mentioned O above), R represents lower alkyl radical, and X repre C Sents halogen atom). Consequently, the reaction of the present invention can be understood as being alkylation. 20 The abovementioned compounds used as starting reac tion materials in the present invention can be obtained in good yield by reacting N-phenylanthranilic acid or N substituted phenylanthranilic acid with urea. The quinazolinedione derivatives used as the afore Rs R 25 said starting reaction materials include 1-phenyl-2,4- (1H,3H)-quinazolinedione or 1-substituted phenyl-2,4- (1H,3H)-quinazolinedione, for example, (wherein R and/or R3 represent hydrogen atom, CFs, 1-(3'-triuuoromethylphenyl-2,4(1H,3H)- -
S J. Braz. Chem. Soc., Vol. 22, No. 2, 352-358, 2011
J. Braz. Chem. Soc., Vol. 22, No. 2, 352-358, 2011. Printed in Brazil - ©2011 Sociedade Brasileira de Química S 0103 - 5053 $6.00+0.00 Short Report Synthesis and Antileishmanial Activity of New 1-Aryl-1H-Pyrazole-4- Carboximidamides Derivatives Maurício S. dos Santos,a Adriana O. Gomes,a Alice M. R. Bernardino,*,a Marcos C. de Souza,a Misbahul A. Khan,b Monique A. de Brito,c Helena C. Castro,d Paula A. Abreu,d Carlos R. Rodrigues,e Rosa M. M. de Léo,f Leonor L. Leonf and Marilene M. Canto-Cavalheirof aPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Química Orgânica and dLABioMol, GCM - IB, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Baptista, 24020-150 Niterói-RJ, Brazil bChemistry Department, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan cLaboratório de Química Medicinal Computacional, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, 24241-000 Niterói-RJ, Brazil eFaculdade de Farmácia, ModMolQSAR, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 24020-150 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil fLaboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, IOC, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil A quimioterapia para as leishmanioses, doenças causadas por protozoários do gênero Leishmania, ainda permanece ineficiente em diversos tratamentos. Portanto, existe a necessidade de pesquisa por novos fármacos. Nesse trabalho, foram sintetizados derivados 1-aril-1H-pirazol- 4-carboximidamidas, avaliadas as atividades leishmanicida e os efeitos citotóxicos in vitro, e realizado um estudo de relação estrutura-atividade (REA) com a série de compostos. O composto 2 apresentou um perfil de atividade que pode ser melhorado através de estratégias de modificação molecular da química medicinal. -
Amyl Nitrite Or 'Jungle Juice'
Young People and Other Drugs Amyl Nitrite or ‘Jungle Juice’ Amyl nitrite is an inhalant that belongs to a class As with any drug, the use of nitrites is not risk-free. of chemicals called alkyl nitrites. This group of Some of the harms associated with its use include: drugs can be called ‘poppers’. They are often injuries related to inhaling the vapour referred to by their brand name, with ‘Jungle (e.g., rashes, burns) Juice’ probably being the most well-known of these. allergic reactions accidents and falls Inhaling amyl nitrite relaxes the body and gives vision problems (isopropyl nitrite) a ‘rush’ that lasts for one to two minutes. It is commonly used to enhance sexual pleasure and in rare cases, blood disorders induce a feeling of euphoria and well-being. MOST IMPORTANTLY, AMYL NITRITE OR JUNGLE JUICE MUST NEVER BE DRUNK. Drinking amyl can result in death due to it interfering with the ability of the blood to transport oxygen. What is amyl nitrite? Over the years, to bypass legal restrictions, nitrites have been sold as such things as liquid incense or Amyl nitrite is an inhalant that belongs to a class of room odoriser. Jungle Juice, which can be sold as chemicals called alkyl nitrites. Amyl nitrite is a highly a leather cleaner, is a common product name of flammable liquid that is clear or yellowish in colour. amyl nitrite. It has a unique smell that is sometimes described as ‘dirty socks’. It is highly volatile and when exposed to the air evaporates almost immediately at How is Jungle Juice used? room temperature. -
)&F1y3x PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX to THE
)&f1y3X PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE HARMONIZED TARIFF SCHEDULE )&f1y3X PHARMACEUTICAL APPENDIX TO THE TARIFF SCHEDULE 3 Table 1. This table enumerates products described by International Non-proprietary Names (INN) which shall be entered free of duty under general note 13 to the tariff schedule. The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry numbers also set forth in this table are included to assist in the identification of the products concerned. For purposes of the tariff schedule, any references to a product enumerated in this table includes such product by whatever name known. Product CAS No. Product CAS No. ABAMECTIN 65195-55-3 ACTODIGIN 36983-69-4 ABANOQUIL 90402-40-7 ADAFENOXATE 82168-26-1 ABCIXIMAB 143653-53-6 ADAMEXINE 54785-02-3 ABECARNIL 111841-85-1 ADAPALENE 106685-40-9 ABITESARTAN 137882-98-5 ADAPROLOL 101479-70-3 ABLUKAST 96566-25-5 ADATANSERIN 127266-56-2 ABUNIDAZOLE 91017-58-2 ADEFOVIR 106941-25-7 ACADESINE 2627-69-2 ADELMIDROL 1675-66-7 ACAMPROSATE 77337-76-9 ADEMETIONINE 17176-17-9 ACAPRAZINE 55485-20-6 ADENOSINE PHOSPHATE 61-19-8 ACARBOSE 56180-94-0 ADIBENDAN 100510-33-6 ACEBROCHOL 514-50-1 ADICILLIN 525-94-0 ACEBURIC ACID 26976-72-7 ADIMOLOL 78459-19-5 ACEBUTOLOL 37517-30-9 ADINAZOLAM 37115-32-5 ACECAINIDE 32795-44-1 ADIPHENINE 64-95-9 ACECARBROMAL 77-66-7 ADIPIODONE 606-17-7 ACECLIDINE 827-61-2 ADITEREN 56066-19-4 ACECLOFENAC 89796-99-6 ADITOPRIM 56066-63-8 ACEDAPSONE 77-46-3 ADOSOPINE 88124-26-9 ACEDIASULFONE SODIUM 127-60-6 ADOZELESIN 110314-48-2 ACEDOBEN 556-08-1 ADRAFINIL 63547-13-7 ACEFLURANOL 80595-73-9 ADRENALONE -
Toxicological Review of Chloral Hydrate (CAS No. 302-17-0) (PDF)
EPA/635/R-00/006 TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW OF CHLORAL HYDRATE (CAS No. 302-17-0) In Support of Summary Information on the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) August 2000 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC DISCLAIMER This document has been reviewed in accordance with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency policy and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Note: This document may undergo revisions in the future. The most up-to-date version will be made available electronically via the IRIS Home Page at http://www.epa.gov/iris. ii CONTENTS—TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW for CHLORAL HYDRATE (CAS No. 302-17-0) FOREWORD .................................................................v AUTHORS, CONTRIBUTORS, AND REVIEWERS ................................ vi 1. INTRODUCTION ..........................................................1 2. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL INFORMATION RELEVANT TO ASSESSMENTS ..... 2 3. TOXICOKINETICS RELEVANT TO ASSESSMENTS ............................3 4. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ................................................6 4.1. STUDIES IN HUMANS - EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CASE REPORTS .................................................6 4.2. PRECHRONIC AND CHRONIC STUDIES AND CANCER BIOASSAYS IN ANIMALS ................................8 4.2.1. Oral ..........................................................8 4.2.2. Inhalation .....................................................12 4.3. REPRODUCTIVE/DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES ..........................13