Basildon Council
2020 Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR)
In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management
June, 2020
LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Basildon Council
Local Authority Officer Martin Howlett
Department Environmental Health Basildon Centre, St Martins Square, Address Basildon, Essex, SS14 1DL Telephone 01268 208192
E-mail [email protected] Report Reference BAS/ASR2020 Number Date 16th June 2020
Written by Tim Savage Scientific Team Public Health & Protection Services Chelmsford City Council Duke Street
Chelmsford Essex Cm1 1JE
LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Basildon Council
Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area This 2020 Annual Status Report is designed to provide the public with information relating to local air quality in Basildon, to fulfil Basildon Borough Council’s statutory duty to review and assess air quality within its area, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved.
In 2019, there was no measured exceedances of Air Quality Objectives set down under Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) requirements.
A graph can be found in Appendix A that shows monitoring results from 2015 to 2019. This long-term chart shows that measured concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) are declining.
Air Quality in Basildon
Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1,2.
The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3.
The borough of Basildon comprises the urban areas of Basildon, Billericay and Wickford as well as rural villages and settlements set among the surrounding countryside. The main source of air pollution in the borough is from traffic emissions, particularly along the A127 and A13 major routes and at the key junctions of A13/A130 Sadlers Farm junction, A127/A132 Nevendon Interchange and A127 Pipps Hill Interchange.
The Government’s 2017 National Air Quality Plan identified a number of locations along the A127 in Essex were likely to be exceeding air quality thresholds for Nitrogen Dioxide.
1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013
i LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Basildon Council Actions to Improve Air Quality
To tackle the air pollution along the A127 and surrounding area, Essex County Council, Basildon Borough Council is proposing to introduce a non-charging Clean Air Zone. The key action is the introduction of a 50mph speed limit along the A127 from the Fortune of War to Pound Lane junction.
Figure i.1 – Proposed Non-Charging Clean Air Zone
Businesses within the zone will be offered advice and support on upgrading to cleaner vehicles and installing electric charging points and cycle parking. We also want to help them encourage staff to cycle, walk or use public transport more in their daily commutes.
An non-charging Clean Air Zone information leaflet is available at the following link: https://www.essexhighways.org/uploads/docs/our-clean-air-proposals-for-south- essex_online-vsn.pdf
ii LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Basildon Council Local Engagement and How to get Involved
Basildon Council is a member of the Essex Air Quality consortium. The purpose of the Essex Air is to promote improvements in air quality related issues. The Essex Air web site provides a daily forecast of air pollution. Also, the @EssexAir twitter feed provides localised weekly air pollution forecasts.
Figure i.2 Essex Air Twitter Air Quality Notifications
Links to Defra recommended actions and health advice are provided when air pollution is likely to be moderate or higher. This will enable those with heart or lung conditions, or other breathing problems to make informed judgements about their levels of activity or exposure.
Essex County Council has worked closely with Liftshare to develop the Essex Car Share scheme. This operates across Basildon and provides commuters with a car sharing service which could cut congestion and air pollution whilst saving money.
iii LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Basildon Council
Basildon Councils Air Quality Priorities
Basildon Councils air quality priority is to fulfil the obligations set out in the ministerial direction Environment Act 1995 (Basildon Borough Council and Essex County Council) Air Quality Direction 2019.
The Full Business Case for the A127 speed limit change was submitted to Defra’s Joint Air Quality Unit in November 2019 with the expectation that it would be in place by April 2020. http://www.basildonmeetings.info/documents/s106156/AIR%20QUALITY%20UPDAT E.pdf
Work towards addressing the remaining exceedances continues through 2020. Latest information is available at https://www.essexhighways.org/highway-schemes/a127- basildon-air-quality.aspx
An audit of the current monitoring regime has been undertaken. The diffusion tube monitoring locations will be radically altered for 2020 in light of sustained compliance with annual average NO2 levels at existing sites up to and including 2019. New locations will be placed at the facades of residential properties wherever possible.
iv LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Basildon Council Table of Contents
Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area ...... i Air Quality in Basildon ...... i Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... ii Local Engagement and How to get Involved ...... iii Basildon Councils Air Quality Priorities ...... iv 1 Local Air Quality Management ...... 1 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... 2 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas ...... 2 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Basildon ...... 2
2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations...... 3 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance ...... 4 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 4 3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 4 3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites...... 4 3.2 Individual Pollutants ...... 4
3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)...... 4 Appendix A: Monitoring Results ...... 5 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2019 ...... 9 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC ...... 10 Appendix D: Maps of Monitoring Locations ...... 13 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 17 Glossary of Terms ...... 18 References ...... 19
v LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Basildon Council
List of Tables Table 2.1 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality ...... 2 Table A.1 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 5
Table A.2 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Sites ...... 6
Table B.1 – NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results 2019 ...... 9 Table C.1 – AIR PT Results 2019 ...... 10
Table C.2 – NO2 Fall Off Calculator ...... 12 Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 17
List of Figures Figure i.1 – Proposed Non-Charging Clean Air Zone ...... ii Figure i.2 – Essex Air Twitter Air Quality Notifications ...... iii Figure 2.1 - Public Health Framework Indicator D01 Fraction of all-cause adult mortality attributable to anthropogenic particulate air pollution ...... 3
Figure A.1 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations ...... 6 Figure C.1 – National Bias Adjustment Factor Spreadsheet ...... 11 Figure D.1 – Diffusion Tube Monitoring Locations – Dunton & Laindon ...... 13 Figure D.2 – Diffusion Tube Monitoring Locations – Pitsea ...... 14 Figure D.3 – Diffusion Tube Monitoring Locations – Basildon ...... 15 Figure D.4 – Diffusion Tube Monitoring Location – Wickford and North Basildon ..... 16
vi LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Basildon Council
1 Local Air Quality Management
This report provides an overview of air quality in Basildon during 2019. It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.
The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by Basildon Council to improve air quality and any progress that has been made.
The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Table E.1 in Appendix E.
1 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Basildon Council 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas
Basildon currently does not have any AQMAs. For reference, maps of Basildon District Councils monitoring locations can be found in Appendix D.
2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Basildon
Basildon Council anticipates that the measures stated in Table 2.1 below will achieve compliance with the air quality thresholds for Nitrogen Dioxide.
Table 2.1 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality
Date Reduction in Estimated / Key Comments / EU Measure Organisations Funding Pollutant / Actual Measure No. Measure EU Category Performance Progress to Date Barriers to Classification Introduce involved Source Emission from Completion Indicator implementation d Measure Date Essex County Non-Charging Reduction of speed Essex County Council Council / AQ Concentrations at Scheme has been 1 Clean Air Traffic Management 2018 20% NO2 Emissions 2020 limits, 20mph zones / Basildon Council Basildon key locations designed Zone Council Cycle route construction linking East JAQU / Basildon DfT Grant 2 Mayne to Traffic Management Promotion of cycling 2018 N/A Not Quantified Completed 2019 Council / ECC Funding Pipps Hill via Cranes Farm Road Procuring alternative Refuelling Electric infrastructure to JAQU / Basildon Charging Promoting Low DfT Grant Number of users is not yet 3 promote Low 2018 Council / Essex Number of users Not Quantified Complete 2020 Infrastructure Emission Transport Funding available Emission Vehicles, County Council for Taxis EV recharging, Gas fuel recharging A120/A130 Public transport Fairglen Transport Planning improvements- Basildon Council / Essex County 4 2017 Congestion Reduction Not Quantified Consultation Stage Not Known Interchange and Infrastructure interchanges stations Essex County Council Council Improvements and services Basildon Transport components of Council / Basildon Public transport Works planned & the Basildon Town Centre Essex County Integrated Transport Planning improvements- Basildon Council / funding secured. Masterplan. 5 2015 Council / Congestion Reduction Not Quantified Summer 2020 Transport and Infrastructure interchanges stations Essex County Council Consultation has been Construction delays dues Housing Package and services opened to social distancing Infrastructure requirements Fund / SELEP
Essex Alternatives to Car & lift sharing Essex County 6 2012 Essex County Council Number of Users Not Quantified Ongoing N/A Liftshare private vehicle use schemes Council
Regional Groups Co- ordinating Policy Guidance and programmes to Member of 7 Development develop Area wide 2012 Essex Air N/A N/A Not Quantified Ongoing N/A Essex Air Control Strategies to reduce emissions and improve air quality Environmental Measures to reduce Operator compliance Permit Environmental pollution through 8 2012 Basildon Council N/A with Environmental Not Quantified Ongoing N/A Inspection & Permits IPPC Permits going Permit Enforcement beyond BAT
Smoke Policy Guidance and Low Emissions 9 Controlled Development 2012 Basildon Council N/A N/A Not Quantified Ongoing N/A Strategy Zones Control
2 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Basildon Council
2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations
As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.
Basildon Council does not monitor PM2.5 concentrations however notes the Public Health Outcomes Framework indicator D01 – Fraction of mortality attributable to particulate (PM2.5) air pollution which for 2018 gave a value of 5.7% which is a decline from 5.9% in 2016.
Figure 2.1 – Public Health Framework Indicator 3.01 Fraction of all-cause adult mortality attributable to anthropogenic particulate air pollution
Basildon Council is taking the following measures to address PM2.5:
• Regular inspections of permitted industry where combustion and non-
combustion processes could lead to anthropogenic emissions of PM2.5.
• Working with Essex County Council (highway authority) to deliver Major Transport improvement Schemes to alleviate congestion. In addition to reduced exhaust emissions, these schemes will reduce non-exhaust emissions from brake and tyre wear by making traffic flows smoother.
• Under the Clean Air Act 1993, Basildon Borough Council has declared the whole borough as a Smoke Control Area.
3 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Basildon Council 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken
This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with objectives.
3.1.1 Automatic Monitoring Sites
Basildon Borough Council does not undertake any automatic pollution monitoring.
3.1.2 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Basildon Borough Council undertook monitoring at 13 nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes sites in 2018. Table A.1 in Appendix A provides detail of the sites.
Detail on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for the diffusion tubes, including bias adjustment and distance correction is included in Appendix C.
Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. 3.2 Individual Pollutants The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for bias4, “annualisation” (where the data capture falls below 75%), and distance correction5. Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C.
3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
Table A.2 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3.
Note that the concentration data presented in Table A.2 represents the concentration at the location of the monitoring site, following the application of bias adjustment and annualisation, as required (i.e. the values are exclusive of any consideration to fall-off with distance adjustment).
For diffusion tubes, the full 2019 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B. Note that the concentration data presented in Table B.1 includes distance corrected values, only where relevant.
Basildon Council has not measured any exceedances of the air quality objectives.
4 https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/bias-adjustment-factors/bias-adjustment.html 5 Fall-off with distance correction criteria is provided in paragraph 7.77, LAQM.TG(16) 4 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Basildon Council Appendix A: Monitoring Results Table A.1 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites
Tube Distance to Distance X OS Grid Y OS Grid collocated Pollutants In Relevant to kerb of Height Site ID Site Name Site Type Ref Ref with a Monitored AQMA? Exposure nearest (m) (Easting) (Northing) Continuous (m) (1) road (m) (2) Analyser?
BA001 Pound Lane Roadside 568654 189997 NO2 No 85 5.6 No 2 Laindon BA002 High Road Kerbside 568115 190062 NO2 No 7.8 0.5 No 2 Laindon BA003 Honiley Ave Urban 575204 190963 NO2 No 0 9 No 2 Background BA006 The Meads Roadside 573194 187531 NO2 No 3.6 1.4 No 2 BA007 52 Merricks Kerbside 572173 186916 NO2 No 17 0.9 No 2 Lane BA008 Panadown Roadside 569845 188709 NO2 No 5.6 6.2 No 2 BA009 Delimands Kerbside 569754 188814 NO2 No 2.9 0.5 No 2 BA010 AQS Kerbside 569774 188870 NO2 No 34.3 0.4 No 2 BA015 Harold Gardens Urban 575047 193941 NO2 No 0 11.3 No 2 Background BA016 Nevedon Road Roadside 573245 190764 NO2 No 50 6.4 No 2 BA017 Honeypot Lane Urban 570844 188902 NO2 No 16.3 0.8 No 2 Background BA018 Dunton Caravan Kerbside 565831 188372 NO2 No N/A 1 No 2 Park BA019 Ford Dunton Kerbside 567026 189010 NO2 No N/A 1 No 2
Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property). (2) N/A if not applicable.
5 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Basildon Council Table A.2 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results Valid Data Valid 3 (3) (4) Capture NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) X OS Grid Y OS Grid Data Monitoring for Site ID Ref Ref Site Type Capture Type Monitoring (Easting) (Northing) 2019 (%) Period (%) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 (2) (1) BA001 568654 189997 Kerbside Diffusion 91.67 91.67 27.43 28.91 27.51 25.36 22.31 Tube BA002 568115 190062 Roadside Diffusion 83.33 83.33 28.55 27.59 29.58 22.90 24.27 Tube BA003 575204 190963 Kerbside Diffusion 91.67 91.67 33.74 34.97 36.52 30.76 31.39 Tube BA006 573194 187531 Kerbside Diffusion 100.00 100.00 27.28 29.56 30.58 27.22 26.14 Tube BA007 572173 186916 Urban Diffusion 100.00 100.00 27.54 29.76 29.57 26.44 26.24 Background Tube BA008 569845 188709 Urban Diffusion 100.00 100.00 25.08 27.25 24.92 24.37 22.68 Background Tube BA009 569754 188814 Urban Diffusion 91.67 91.67 23.25 26.36 24.53 23.93 23.68 Background Tube BA010 569774 188870 Roadside Diffusion 91.67 91.67 30.52 31.90 34.09 28.13 29.54 Tube BA015 575047 193941 Roadside Diffusion 100.00 100.00 24.70 24.86 25.23 23.03 23.74 Tube BA016 573245 190764 Kerbside Diffusion 100.00 100.00 35.33 34.03 33.96 30.35 30.97 Tube BA017 570844 188902 Urban Diffusion 91.67 91.67 26.69 27.84 30.22 27.42 25.45 Background Tube BA018 565831 188372 Kerbside Diffusion 100.00 100.00 N/A N/A 23.14 19.71 18.68 Tube BA019 567026 189010 Kerbside Diffusion 91.67 91.67 N/A N/A 28.57 26.13 24.09 Tube
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☒ Diffusion tube data has been bias corrected ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% ☒ Reported concentrations are those at the location of the monitoring site (bias adjusted and annualised, as required), i.e. prior to any fall-off with distance adjustment
Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. (4) Concentrations are those at the location of monitoring and not those following any fall-off with distance adjustment.
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Figure A.1 below provides historical context of the diffusion tube monitoring regime. All sites measure NO2 concentrations well below the air quality objectives.
Figure A.1 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations
45.00
40.00
35.00
) 3
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
NitrogenDioxide Concentration(µg/m 10.00
5.00
0.00 BA001 BA002 BA003 BA006 BA007 BA008 BA009 BA010 BA015 BA016 BA017 BA018 BA019 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Air Quality Objective (µg/m3)
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Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2019
Table B.1 - NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2019
3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean
X OS Grid Y OS Grid Ref Site ID Jan & Distance Ref (Easting) (Northing) Time Bias Adjusted Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Corrected to Weighted (0.75) and Feb Nearest Average Annualised (1) Exposure (2)
BA001 568654 189997 24.2 28.1 37.3 30.2 32.0 25.4 26.4 Missing 28.9 42.1 26.5 29.4 22.31 16.84 BA002 568115 190062 37.2 29.4 23.7 23.1 22.6 Missing Missing 35.5 29.7 44.7 37.6 31.9 24.27 21.05 BA003 575204 190963 52.1 33.4 26.1 29.8 32.9 38.6 44.4 Missing 45.3 57.6 44.8 41.3 31.39 31.39 BA006 573194 187531 47.3 22.7 31.4 25.3 30.3 26.7 33.2 31.1 34.2 46.2 42.2 34.4 26.14 24.34 BA007 572173 186916 41 26.9 33.1 28.3 27.3 30 40.2 29.8 35.4 43.7 41 34.5 26.24 19.74 BA008 569845 188709 37 24.4 38.9 25.7 11.4 23.7 29.3 27.5 30.2 47 31 29.8 22.68 21.27 BA009 569754 188814 36.4 25.2 37.7 24.4 25.5 23.8 29.7 28.3 Missing 51.7 29.8 31.2 23.68 21.01 BA010 569774 188870 44.9 31.8 23.5 29.7 Missing 36 43.3 40.1 41.9 49.1 43.9 38.9 29.54 19.13 BA015 575047 193941 41.7 26.6 23.6 21.2 23.8 23 31.7 27.1 33.5 44.3 39.8 31.2 23.74 23.74 BA016 573245 190764 52.8 36.1 32 37.7 31.7 31.9 45.7 35.3 41.1 48.1 46.7 40.7 30.97 22.29 BA017 570844 188902 40.5 31.4 29 24.2 25.7 27.3 36.7 32.2 37.1 Missing 44.8 33.5 25.45 21.41 BA018 565831 188372 24.3 20.7 18.6 21.1 18.4 20.8 23.6 27.9 26.4 38.9 30.4 24.6 18.68 N/A BA019 567026 189010 38.2 27.1 38.6 30.1 29.4 27.1 29.5 27.4 32.8 Missing 33.2 31.7 24.09 N/A It should be noted that the first period of monitoring in 2019 was across January and February rather than just for January. To account for this, a time weighted average has been calculated rather than using an annual mean.
☒ National bias adjustment factor used ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% ☒ Where applicable, data has been distance corrected for relevant exposure in the final column
Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment and annualisation. (2) Distance corrected to nearest relevant public exposure.
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Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC Diffusion Tubes QA/QC In 2019, Basildon Council undertook monitoring at 13 sites using nitrogen dioxide diffusion tubes.
The diffusion tubes were supplied and analysed by Socotec with a preparation method of 50% triethanolamine (TEA) in Acetone.
The AIR NO2 proficiency testing scheme found that the laboratory achieved the following percentage of results determined as satisfactory for 2019:
Table C.1 – AIR PT Results 2019 AIR PT AIR PT AIR PT AR031 AIR PT AR033 AIR PT AR034 Round AR030
Round January – April – May July – August September – conducted February 2019 2019 October 2019 in the period 2019
SOCOTEC 87.5% 100% 100% 100%
Diffusion tube Bias Adjustment Factors Basildon Council uses the national bias adjustment figure for calculating diffusion tubes results.
The Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors Spreadsheet 03/20 identified that for Socotec 50% TEA in acetone diffusion tubes in 2019, a bias adjustment factor of 0.75 should be used. This was derived from orthogonal regression analysis of 24 studies.
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Figure C.1 – National Bias Adjustment Factor Spreadsheet
NO2 Fall Off Estimation
Using the equation from the Bureau Veritas NO2 Fall Off with Distance Calculator
(version 4.2), a custom Excel spreadsheet has been developed to derive the NO2 concentrations for multiple diffusion tubes from measured annual mean concentrations
2018 NO2 background maps.
Estimated Annual Mean at Relevant Exposure: =IF(AC>0,(((AB-AC)/(-0.5476*LN(J)+2.7171))*(-0.5476*LN(H)+2.7171)+AC),"") AB = Bias Adjusted Mean
AC = Annual Mean Background NO2 J = Distance: diffusion tube to kerb of nearest road (m) H = Distance: relevant exposure to kerb of nearest road (m)
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Table C.2 – NO2 Fall Off Calculator
Distance Distance Distance Bias Annual to to kerb Site Corrected Site Name Adjusted Mean Relevant of ID to Nearest Mean Background Exposure nearest Exposure# (m) road (m)
BA001 Pound Lane Laindon 22.31 15.94733 85.00 5.60 16.84
BA002 High Road Laindon 24.27 17.79262 7.80 0.50 21.05
BA003 Honiley Ave 31.39 17.82487 0.00 9.00 31.39
BA006 The Meads 26.14 19.62182 3.60 1.40 24.34
BA007 52 Merricks Lane 26.24 15.22975 17.00 0.90 19.74
BA008 Panadown 22.68 15.82599 5.60 6.20 21.27
BA009 Delimands 23.68 15.82599 2.90 0.50 21.01
BA010 AQS 29.54 15.82599 34.30 0.40 19.13
BA015 Harold Gardens 23.74 17.26902 0.00 11.30 23.74
BA016 Nevedon Road 30.97 18.58548 50.00 6.40 22.29
BA017 Honeypot Lane 25.45 18.60615 16.30 0.80 21.41
BA018 Dunton Caravan Park 18.68 13.10014 N/A 1.00 N/A
BA019 Ford Dunton 24.09 16.68096 N/A 1.00 N/A
It should be noted that the first period of monitoring in 2019 was across January and February rather than just for January. To account for this, a time weighted average has been calculated rather than using an annual mean.
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Appendix D: Maps of Monitoring Locations Figure D.1 – Diffusion Tube Monitoring Locations – Dunton & Laindon
Site ID X OS Y OS Grid Grid Ref Ref
BAS001 568654 189997
BAS002 568115 190062 BAS018 565831 188372 BAS019 567026 189010
13 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Basildon Council Figure D.2 – Diffusion Tube Monitoring Locations – Pitsea
Site ID X OS Y OS Grid Grid Ref Ref
BAS006 573194 187531 BAS007 572173 186916
14 LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Basildon Council Figure D.3 – Diffusion Tube Monitoring Locations – Basildon
Site ID X OS Y OS Grid Grid Ref Ref
BAS008 569845 188709
BAS009 569754 188814 BAS010 569774 188870 BAS017 570844 188902
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Figure D.4 – Diffusion Tube Monitoring Locations – Wickford and North Basildon
Site ID X OS Y OS Grid Ref Grid Ref
BAS003 575204 190963
BAS015 575047 193941
BAS016 573245 190764
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Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England
Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England Air Quality Objective6 Pollutant Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more Nitrogen Dioxide 1-hour mean than 18 times a year (NO2) 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more Particulate Matter 24-hour mean than 35 times a year (PM10) 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 1-hour mean than 24 times a year Sulphur Dioxide 125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 24-hour mean (SO2) than 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more 15-minute mean than 35 times a year
6 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m3).
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Glossary of Terms
Abbreviation Description
AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values
AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives
ASR Air Quality Annual Status Report
Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
DVSA Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency
EU European Union
EV Electric Vehicle
LAQM Local Air Quality Management
NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide
NOx Nitrogen Oxides
PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less
QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control
SELEP South East Local Enterprise Partnership
TEA Triethanolamine. The absorbing substance used in diffusion tubes measuring Nitrogen Dioxide
UKAS United Kingdom Accreditation Service
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References
Air Quality in South Essex available at; https://www.essexhighways.org/highway-schemes- and-developments/highway-schemes/air-quality.aspx
Defra Diffusion Tube Bias Adjustment Factors Spreadsheet available at; https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/bias-adjustment-factors/national-bias.html
Defra LAQM Summary of Laboratory Performance in AIR NO2 PT Scheme available at; https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/assets/tubeprecision2019version0319finalfull.pdf
Defra LAQM Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 available at; https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-TG16-February-18-v1.pdf
Defra LAQM Technical Guidance LAQM.TG16 available at; http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/documents/LAQM-TG16-April-16-v1.pdf
Defra NO2 Background Maps available at; https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/data/laqm-background- home
Defra Nitrogen Dioxide Fall-Off with Distance Calculator available at; http://laqm.defra.gov.uk/tools-monitoring-data/no2-falloff.html
Essex Air Quality Consortium available at; http://www.essexair.org.uk/
EssexCarShare.com available at; https://essex.liftshare.com/
Essex Air Twitter Feed available at; https://twitter.com/essexair
Essex County Council Major Schemes in Basildon available at: http://www.essexhighways.org/Transport-and-Roads/Highway-Schemes-and- Developments/Major-Schemes.aspx
Public Health Outcomes Framework Indicator 3.01 available at; https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/profile/public-health-outcomes-framework
SELEP Basildon Integrated Transport Package available at; http://www.southeastlep.com/growth-deal/basildon-integrated-transport-package UK Air Quality Plan for tackling roadside NO2 concentrations: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/air-quality-plan-for-nitrogen-dioxide-no2-in-uk- 2017
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