VEGFR-3 Ligand-Binding and Kinase Activity Are Required for Lymphangiogenesis but Not for Angiogenesis
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CCM2 and CCM3 Proteins Contribute to Vasculogenesis and Angiogenesis in Human Placenta
Histol Histopathol (2009) 24: 1287-1294 Histology and http://www.hh.um.es Histopathology Cellular and Molecular Biology CCM2 and CCM3 proteins contribute to vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in human placenta Gamze Tanriover1, Yasemin Seval1, Leyla Sati1, Murat Gunel2 and Necdet Demir1 1Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey and 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA Summary. Placenta as an ideal model to study Introduction angiogenic mechanisms have been established in previous studies. There are two processes, The placenta is a multifaceted organ that plays a vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, involved in blood critical role in maintaining and protecting the developing vessel formation during placental development. fetus. Normal development and function of the placenta Therefore, blood vessel formation is a crucial issue that requires extensive vasculogenesis and subsequent might cause vascular malformations. One of the vascular angiogenesis, in both maternal and fetal tissues. malformations is cerebral cavernous malformation Vasculogenesis is the formation of the primitive vascular (CCM) in the central nervous system, consisting of network de novo from progenitor cells, and angiogenesis endothelium-lined vascular channels without intervening is identified as the extension of blood vessels from normal brain parenchyma. Three CCM loci have been preexisting vascular structures (Demir et al., 1989, 2006; mapped as Ccm1, Ccm2, Ccm3 genes in CCM. In order Geva et al., 2002; Charnock-Jones et al., 2004). Many to investigate whether CCM proteins participate in blood factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor vessel formation, we report here the expression patterns (VEGF), angiopoietins (Angpt-1 and -2) and their of CCM2 and CCM3 in developing and term human receptors are involved in the molecular regulation of placenta by means of immunohistochemistry and these diverse developmental steps. -
PDF Published Online: 21 May 2010
Int. J. Dev. Biol. 54: 1033-1043 (2010) DEVELOPMENTALTHE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF doi: 10.1387/ijdb.103105gs BIOLOGY www.intjdevbiol.com Primitive and definitive erythropoiesis in the yolk sac: a bird’s eye view GUOJUN SHENG* Laboratory for Early Embryogenesis, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan ABSTRACT The yolk sac is the sole niche and source of cells for primitive erythropoiesis from E1 to E5 of chicken development. It is also the main niche and source of cells for early definitive erythropoiesis from E5 to E12. A transition occurs during late embryonic development, after which the bone marrow becomes the major niche and intraembryonically-derived cells the major source. How the yolk sac is involved in these three phases of erythropoiesis is discussed in this review. Prior to the establishment of circulation at E2, specification of primitive erythrocytes is discussed in relation to that of two other cell types formed in the extraembryonic mesoderm, namely the smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Concepts of blood island, hemangioblast and hemogenic endothelium are also discussed. It is concluded that the chick embryo remains a powerful model for studying developmental hematopoiesis and erythropoiesis. KEY WORDS: chicken, primitive erythropoiesis, definitive erythropoiesis, hematopoiesis, yolk sac Introduction 2003; Siatskas and Boyd, 2000), hematological description of different blood lineages (Lucas and Jamroz, 1961), early vascular Studies on chicken hematopoietic development have been morphogenesis (Drake, 2003; Drake et al., 1998; Drake et al., instrumental in the establishment of several key concepts in the 2000) and developmental and adult immune systems (Davison et field, including B lymphocytes, hematopoietic stem cells, al., 2008). -
Problem Is Also Further Confused by the Perplexing Mixture of Cells of Different Origin Brought About by the Early Established Circulation of the Body Fluids
556 ZOOLOGY: C. R. STOCKARD composition. Coralium and Tubipora, for example, are compact forms, with little organic matter; and they are lower in magnesia than the genera with horny, organic axes, such as appear at the eric of the table. It is also noteworthy that the highest proportions of calcium phosphate are commonly found associated with high values for magnesia. 1 Published by permission of the Director of the U. S. Geological Survey. AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF THE ORIGIN AND RELA- TIONSHIP OF BLOOD CORPUSCLES AND THE LINING CELLS OF VESSELS By Charles R. Stockard DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY, CORNELL UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL Preented to the Academy. September 29. 1915 Studies on the origin and development of the cellular elements of the blood and the so-called endothelial cells which line the blood vessels in the normal embryo are peculiarly difficult on account of the important r61e that wandering mesenchyme cells play in these processes. The problem is also further confused by the perplexing mixture of cells of different origin brought about by the early established circulation of the body fluids. The development of no other embryonic tissue is so disturbed by mechanical and physical conditions. A study of living fish embryos with the high power microscope has made it possible to observe the behavior of the wandering cells and to follow them in their development. The disadvantages due to the inter- mixture of cells in the blood current have been overcome by the investi- gation of embryos in which a circulation of the blood is prevented from taking place. When the eggs of the fish, Fundulus heteroclitus, are treated during early developmental stages with weak solutions of alcohol, the resulting embryos in many cases never establish a blood circulation. -
Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts - Chapter 8
Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts - Chapter 8 Angioblasts - These "vessel-forming cells" may arise from any kind of mesoderm except prechordal plate mesoderm. Angioblastic cords - Angiocysts coalesce to form short blind-ended angioblastic cords. Angioblastic plexuses - Angioblastic cords coalesce to form complex interconnected vascular networks or plexuses. Angiocysts - These vesicles are formed by angioblasts during the process of vasculogenesis. Angiogenesis - This is the mechanism whereby preexisting vessels lengthen or branch by sprouting. Aortic arches - These vessels have been modified in humans to form the great vessels of the thorax (also see Ch. 7). Axis arteries - These central arteries of the limbs are derived from the 7th intersegmental arteries (upper limb) and 5th lumbar intersegmental arteries (lower limb). Blood islands - Blood islands are cysts of angioblasts containing hemoblasts. These coalesce to form blood vessels in the yolk sac and also form the coronary vasculature. Branchial arches - These are the gill bars of fish. Homologous structures of humans are more appropriately named "pharyngeal" arches. Cardinal system of veins - These veins drain the head and neck and body wall and extremities of the embryo. Anterior cardinals drain the head and neck and the trunk and lower extremities are drained by paired posterior cardinals. The posterior cardinal veins are replaced by subcardinal and supracardinal veins during the second month. Coronary vessels - These vessels of the heart form from epicardium as subepicardial plexuses fuse with sprouts of the aorta and coronary sinus to form the coronary arteries and coronary veins respectively. Endothelial cells - These cells arise from angioblasts to form the initial vascular network. -
VEGFR-3 in Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis
VEGFR-3 in Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis Lotta Jussila Molecular/Cancer Biology Laboratory Haartman Institute and Helsinki University Central Hospital Biomedicum Helsinki University of Helsinki Finland Academic dissertation To be publicly discussed, with the permission of the Medical Faculty of the University of Helsinki, in the lecture hall 3 of the Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki, on December 14th, 2001 at 12 o´clock noon. Helsinki, 2001 Supervised by Dr. Kari Alitalo Molecular/Cancer Biology Laboratory University of Helsinki Reviewed by Dr. Ulf Eriksson Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Karolinska Institute and Dr. Hannu Sariola Institute of Biomedicine University of Helsinki Opponent Dr. Christer Betsholtz Department of Medical Biochemistry University of Göteborg ISBN 952-91-4175-0 (nid.) ISBN 952-10-0241-7 (pdf) Multiprint Oy Helsinki VEGFR-3 in Angiogenesis and Lymphangiogenesis 1 Contents Contents............................................................................................................. 1 Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... 2 List of Original Publications ...................................................................................... 3 Abstract ............................................................................................................. 4 Review of the literature .......................................................................................... 5 Blood vessel development ........................................................................... -
Gonadotrophin Receptors in the Pig Umbilical Cord G
Evidence for the presence of luteinizing hormone\p=n-\chorionic gonadotrophin receptors in the pig umbilical cord G. Wasowicz, K. Derecka, A. Stepien, L. Pelliniemi, T. Doboszynska, B. Gawronska and A. J. Ziecik 'Division ofReproductive Endocrinology, Institute ofAnimal Reproduction and Food Research ofPolish Academy of Sciences, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland; and 'University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, SF 20520 Turku, Finland Pig umbilical cord, like that of humans, contains two arteries and a vein surrounded by Wharton's jelly with amnion covering the exterior surface. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether LH\p=n-\hCGreceptors are present in the pig umbilical cord, using light microscope immunohistochemistry, semiquantitative autoradiography, western blotting and reverse transcription\p=n-\polymerasechain reaction. Umbilical cords were collected on days 48, 71 and 103 of fetal life (n = 6). Monoclonal and polyclonal anti-LH receptor antibodies were used to study receptor distribution. Immunoreactivity was observed in the umbilical blood vessels, the epithelium of umbilical amnion and cells in the Wharton's jelly. No differences in LH\p=n-\hCGreceptor distribution related to the sex of the fetus, period of fetal life or section of the umbilical cord were observed. Strong immunostaining was observed in umbilical vein and in umbilical arteries. However, in the arteries, the tunica media expressed weaker receptor immunostaining than did the tunica intima and tunica adventitia. No immunoactivity was detected in non-target tissue (skeletal muscle) but LH receptors were immunostained in the pig ovary. Topical autoradiography showed that vein and arteries in the umbilical cord bind 125I-labelled hCG, which was highly diminished after co-incubation with an excess of unlabelled hCG. -
EXTRACORONARY CARDIAC VEINS in the RAT1 the Present Work
EXTRACORONARY CARDIAC VEINS IN THE RAT1 MYRON H. HALPERN Department of Anatomy, Unit-ersity of Michigan, Ann Arbor SIX FIGURES The present work had its inception in the discovery of vessels around the rat’s heart which did not correspond to anything previously described in other mammals. These ves- sels are a system of veins which begin on the heart and terminate in the anterior venae cavae. Two major veins eom- prise this system, each of which crosses the midline to empty into the contralateral anterior vena cava. They drain the conal region of the right ventricle and the ventrocephalic region of the left ventricle. The term “extracoronary” cardiac veins has been applied to these vessels by the author because they originate on the heart and terminate in remote vessels not otherwise associated with the coronary circulation. Al- though this system has been found to exist in certain fishes and amphibians, to the author’s knowledge it has never been recognized in mammals. These findings seemed to warrant a more detailed study of the adult cardiac venous drainage of the rat. To supplement this portion of the investigation, an embryologic study was undertaken. Both the adult and the embryonic patterns of the cardiac drainage were com- pared with the patterns found in the above vertebrates and were interpreted on the basis of these comparisons. MATERIAL AND METHODS For this study, the venous system of 85 adult rats were injected with latex preparatory to dissection. Of this number, Portion of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Michigan. -
Vessels and Circulation
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM OUTLINE 23.1 Anatomy of Blood Vessels 684 23.1a Blood Vessel Tunics 684 23.1b Arteries 685 23.1c Capillaries 688 23 23.1d Veins 689 23.2 Blood Pressure 691 23.3 Systemic Circulation 692 Vessels and 23.3a General Arterial Flow Out of the Heart 693 23.3b General Venous Return to the Heart 693 23.3c Blood Flow Through the Head and Neck 693 23.3d Blood Flow Through the Thoracic and Abdominal Walls 697 23.3e Blood Flow Through the Thoracic Organs 700 Circulation 23.3f Blood Flow Through the Gastrointestinal Tract 701 23.3g Blood Flow Through the Posterior Abdominal Organs, Pelvis, and Perineum 705 23.3h Blood Flow Through the Upper Limb 705 23.3i Blood Flow Through the Lower Limb 709 23.4 Pulmonary Circulation 712 23.5 Review of Heart, Systemic, and Pulmonary Circulation 714 23.6 Aging and the Cardiovascular System 715 23.7 Blood Vessel Development 716 23.7a Artery Development 716 23.7b Vein Development 717 23.7c Comparison of Fetal and Postnatal Circulation 718 MODULE 9: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM mck78097_ch23_683-723.indd 683 2/14/11 4:31 PM 684 Chapter Twenty-Three Vessels and Circulation lood vessels are analogous to highways—they are an efficient larger as they merge and come closer to the heart. The site where B mode of transport for oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, hor- two or more arteries (or two or more veins) converge to supply the mones, and waste products to and from body tissues. The heart is same body region is called an anastomosis (ă-nas ′tō -mō′ sis; pl., the mechanical pump that propels the blood through the vessels. -
The Placenta
The placenta Learning module Developed by Carolyn Hammer Edited by Fabien Giroux Diagrams By Dr Julien Yockell Lelievre where indicated The placenta – Learning module Table of content 1) Introduction……………………………………………………………………….3 2) Anatomy and Physiology………………………………………………………..6 3) Roles and Functions……………………………………………………………17 4) Development and formation…………………………………..…………….…27 5) What happens after birth……………………………………………….……...34 6) What happens when things go wrong.……………………………………….36 7) Interesting facts about pregnancy………………….…………………………46 2 The placenta – Learning module Introduction 3 The placenta – Learning module What is the placenta? •The placenta is a “vascular (supplied with blood vessels) organ in most mammals that unites the fetus to the uterus of the mother. It mediates the metabolic exchanges of the developing individual through an intimate association of embryonic tissues and of certain uterine tissues, serving the functions of nutrition, respiration, and excretion.” (Online Britannica encyclopaedia) •As the fetus is in full development, it requires a certain amount of gases and nutrients to help support its growth. Because the fetus is unable to do so on its own, the placenta provides these gases and nutrients throughout pregnancy. http://health.allrefer.com/health/plac enta-abruptio-placenta.html 4 The placenta – Learning module What are the main roles of the placenta? •The placenta provides the connection between fetus and mother in order to help carry out many different functions that the growing baby is incapable to do so alone. During pregnancy, the placenta has 6 main roles to maintain good health and a good environment for the growing child: •Respiration •Nutrition •Excretion •Protection •Endocrine •Immunity 5 The placenta – Learning module Anatomy and physiology 6 The placenta – Learning module Structure •A placenta is an organ of round or oval shape that is relatively flat. -
The Structural Heterogeneity of Chorial Villi Phenotype Determined by Angiogenesis
Rom J Leg Med [19] 197-210 [2011] DOI: 10.4323/rjlm.2011.197 © 2011 Romanian Society of Legal Medicine The structural heterogeneity of chorial villi phenotype determined by angiogenesis. Implications in legal pathology Gheorghe S. Dragoi*, Petru Razvan Melinte, Daniel Zimta, Mohab El Din Mohamed _________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract: Micro anatomic phenotype of chorial villi can be achieved only by means of a rigurous evaluation of its structural elements: trophoblast, vascular and mesenchyme. The authors proposed themselves to study the reciprocal relations between syncytiotrophoblast, fetal sinusoid capillaries and argentic collagen fiber fascicles inside chorial villi depending on angionesis process. The research was carried out on human biologic material using placenta fragments during 28-37 weeks of gestation. The authors consider that the collagen IV stereo distribution inside the vascular pedicle of the terminal villi, contributes to the stability, biodynamic and biokinematics of villi phenotype that is determined by branching or non branching angiogenesis. The personal results have a great value for stating the variability limits of terminal villi phenotype in ortology as well as in general or forensic pathology. Key Words: terminal villi, angiogenesis, collagen IV, villi phenotype he chorial villi phenotype is determined either by vasculogenesis either by angiogenesis. It Tis considered that until the end of gestation, the blood capillaries network reaches 550 km in length and 15 m2 in surface (Burton and Jauniaux, 1995) [7]. Angiogenesis plays an important role in formation and remodeling of blood vessels inside human placenta terminal villi. In the second half of gestation there is a growth acceleration and an increase in number for mature intermediate and terminal villi and for sinusoid blood capillaries (Mayhew, 2002) [22]. -
Cardiovascular System Heart Development Cardiovascular System Heart Development
Cardiovascular System Heart Development Cardiovascular System Heart Development In human embryos, the heart begins to beat at approximately 22-23 days, with blood flow beginning in the 4th week. The heart is one of the earliest differentiating and functioning organs. • This emphasizes the critical nature of the heart in distributing blood through the vessels and the vital exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and wastes between the developing baby and the mother. • Therefore, the first system that completes its development in the embryo is called cardiovascular system. https://www.slideshare.net/DrSherifFahmy/intraembryonic-mesoderm-general-embryology Mesoderm is one of the three • Connective tissue primary germ layers that • Smooth and striated muscle • Cardiovascular System differentiates early in • Kidneys development that collectively • Spleen • Genital organs, ducts gives rise to all subsequent • Adrenal gland cortex tissues and organs. The cardiovascular system begins to develop in the third week of gestation. Blood islands develop in the newly formed mesoderm, and consist of (a) a central group of haemoblasts, the embryonic precursors of blood cells; (b) endothelial cells. Development of the heart and vascular system is often described together as the cardiovascular system. Development begins very early in mesoderm both within (embryonic) and outside (extra embryonic, vitelline, umblical and placental) the embryo. Vascular development occurs in many places. • Blood islands coalesce to form a vascular plexus. Preferential channels form arteries and veins. • Day 17 - Blood islands form first in the extra-embryonic mesoderm • Day 18 - Blood islands form next in the intra-embryonic mesoderm • Day 19 - Blood islands form in the cardiogenic mesoderm and coalesce to form a pair of endothelial heart tubes Development of a circulation • A circulation is established during the 4th week after the myocardium is differentiated. -
Congenital Abnormalities of the Aortic Arch: Revisiting the 1964 Stewart
Cardiovascular Pathology 39 (2019) 38–50 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cardiovascular Pathology Review Article Congenital abnormalities of the aortic arch: revisiting the 1964 ☆ Stewart classification Shengli Li a,⁎,HuaxuanWena,MeilingLianga,DandanLuoa, Yue Qin a,YimeiLiaoa, Shuyuan Ouyang b, Jingru Bi a, Xiaoxian Tian c, Errol R. Norwitz d,GuoyangLuoe,⁎⁎ a Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518028, China b Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, 518028, China c Department of Ultrasound, Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 538001, China d Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111 e Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Howard University, College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20060, USA article info abstract Article history: The traditional classification of congenital aortic arch abnormalities was described by James Stewart and col- Received 12 June 2018 leagues in 1964. Since that time, advances in diagnostic imaging technology have led to better delineation of Received in revised form 27 November 2018 the vasculature anatomy and the identification of previously unrecognized and unclassified anomalies. In this Accepted 28 November 2018 manuscript, we review the existing literature and propose a series of modifications to the original Stewart