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Printed bY' Students of the Indian School at Chilocco, Oklahoma cAn Illustrated Monthly cJYlagazine About Native cAmericans

VOLUME FIFTEEN FEBRUARY, 1915 NUMBER SIX

THE AWAKENED AMERICAN INDIAN

By ARTHUR C. PARKER

r--"\HE American Indian has Roe-Cloud, Hiram Chase and William written a new J. Kershaw; supplemented by the Ex­ chapter in his life ecutive Committee, including the Pres­ story. The tenth ident, Vice-President on Memhership day of December, and the Secretary-Treasurer. nineteen hundred The meetings at which the Memori­ and fourteen, al was formulated were held at the of­ marked a new be­ fice of Hon. Gabe E. Parker, Register ginning in Indian of the U. S. Treasury. Mr. Parker, Progress and pro­ who is a Choctaw, is a member of tbe claimed a new day for the red race. Society's Advisory Board. Here the Upon that dav President Woodrow various ideas suhmitted by the Com­ Wilson listened to the Memorial of the mittee and by the members of the Ex­ Society of American Indians in hehalf ecutive Council, were drawn into shape of the American Indian. Never be­ after careful debate. In its prepara­ fore, perhaps, had there assembled so tion a majority of members of the Ad­ large a body of men and women of In­ visory Board, the entire Memorial ?ian blood. having so wide an influence Committee and all butoneab entmem­ In the world's affairs. Never before bel' of the Executive Council partici­ had the men and women of the race pated. The strong men of the Socie­ presented so definite an appeal cover­ ty and of the race were indeed pres­ Ing the condition of all Indians. ent. The memorial to the President The Memorial presented to the Presi­ is a historic document. dent was the outcome of an action of President Wilson had set the hour the University of Wisconsin Confer­ as twelve fifteen on December tenth. ence of the Sdcietv of American Indi­ The Society represented by its Active ans, and was dr;wn up by order of officers, Associate officers, Board, and the conference. Tbe Committee con­ by many members of both divisions, SI ted cf Dennison Wheelock, chair­ marched promptly from their head­ man, Prof. F. A. McKenzie, Henry quarters at the Hotel powhatan and 288 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

reached the White House a few min­ thority. We request, therefore, that, .. ", uites before noon. More than forty first essential to a proper .olution of the I.· delegates were in the body. Senator dian Problem, and even for the benefit of tn' Robert L. Owen, of Cherokee blood, nation itself, thu. matter be placed in the hand, of a commIssion of three men,-the best, tn, was already with the President as the ?nasi competent and the kindliest men to lit Delegation entered the reception room found, and that they be authorized to stud) in the Executive Mansion. The local this question and recommend to you and. arrangements had been made with the the Congress the passage of a code of IndIa, Secretary to the President by Mr. law which shall open the door of hope and . . e It~ Gabe E. Parker who introduced the progress to our people. Our SocIety SlOe • beginning has pled for this fundamental n'· members of the Society. The Presi­ cessity of race advancement. dent stood in the center of his office and shook hands cordially as each ADMISSION TO THE COURT OF CLAIMS. We ask also that the COllrt of ClaIms. lit member was presented. Then, after , I Cl ' c given jurisdiction over all Indian a17P/. a short explanation, Mr. Dennison against the United States. Wheelock read the Memorial, which This done, a great barrier to race develop­

follows: ment would be removed, for we shou ld , n(' DISTRICT OF COLUIIBIA, I longer he tied to the 'past with the feelm~ CITY OF WASHINGTON. \ that the country had not fulfilled its obhga· tions to our race. Hi. excellency, the president of the United States: We believe that mo re than has been done Acting under instruction of the Fourth An­ can be done to make Indian proper t y an ,f· nual Conference of the Society of American ficient instrument for Ind ian welfare; to make Indian intell ect statesmenship, and Indians. held on the 6th to the 11th of Octo­ , . W. ber. 1914, at the University of Wisconsin. in craftsmanship useful to the nalton. the city of Madison, Wisconsin, your peti­ point with pride to the men and women, w~ tioners respectfully present this Memorial. by their achievements have demonstrat Congress has conferred special authority the mberent capacity of Indian blood. 0: upon the President of the United States re­ plea is that just opportunity be provlded specting the welfare of the Indians, regard­ insure the efficiency and enlarge the capaci tr ed as wards of tbe Federal Government. We of tho thousands who have not had freedo" believe that this oOl igation lies close to your to struggle upward and whose cond.,.tlOn verf. heart and we, therefor., feel free to suggest shortly will become not only a men ace to to you a few things which seem to us neces­ themselves but a burden to the nation. sary to our welfare and progress, to our de­ W e plead, SIr,. that you gIve. us the cbeert velopment as co-laborers and produ~ers. We of your word, that you consitJer ou r req?es believe that you feel, with the progressive and call upon Congress to grant teh Arn eClcan.. members of our race, that it is anomalous per­ Indians those fundamental rights and pClV" I manently to conserve within thenation groups eges wh Ic· h are essentIal. to re I ease tbem d of people whose civic condition by legislation from enforced wardship dependence an is different from the normal standard of consequentdegeneracy;andthatyou, a d vocate . American life. measures that will according to the r"og DEFlI>lTlON OF LEGAL STATUS. Dlze. d pnnclples..' of legal and economIC. develOP"be As a race, the Indian, under the jurisdic­ ment, speedily secure their admIssIo.' n,to t l tion of the United States, has no standing in field of even chance for individual effiClenc. court or nation. No man can tell what its and competency. di" status is, eitbercivic or legal. Confu.sion and For the weak and helpless, for the ;d chaos are the only words descriptive of the Couraged and hopeless of our race scatter d situation. This condition is a barrier to the OVer this broad land We make this plea an . . , ferenCE' progress of our people who aspire to higher petition. Through our annual can .,'fr' things and greater success. we have carried our p1ea to the great unl n . . wake IVe hold it incontrovertible that our status SltJes of the land' we have striven to a , . f out in this nation should be defined by federal au- the pUblic consdence to the justIce 0 the demands and now we ask you to consider THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 289 merits of our appeal. And for the hoon we filed from the room and out of the crave we shall ever pray. White House, where they faced a THE SOCIETY OF AMERICAN INDIANS. battery of cameras and moving pic­ SHERMAN COOLIDGE, President. CRAS. E. DAGENETT, Vice· president. ture machines_ WM. J. KERSHAW, Vice-president. After returning to the Hotel Pow­ ARTHUR C. PARKER, Secretary. hatan for luncheon, the Executive December the Tenth, Committee held an informal confer­ Nineteen Hundred Fourteen. ence which continued until five o'clock. THE COMMITTEE ON MEMORIAL: The speakers were, President Cool­ Dennison Wheelock, Chairman. idge, Dr. C. Hart Merriam on the Hiram Chase, "Tragedy in California". Matthew K. Henry Roe-Cloud, F. A. McKenzie, Sniffen on the "Cry of Alaska", Wm. Wm. J. Kershaw. J. Kershaw, "Our Memorial", Hiram Chase on "The Law That Restricts", The president remained standing at Father Philip B. Gordon, on. "The one corner of his desk during the Relation of Education to Morality" reading and was evidently impressed. and Gen. Pratt on "Why I Have Loved After Mr. Wheelock had handed the the Red Man". Memorial to the President, Mr. Cool· The afternoon meeting was merely idge, President of the Society, de­ an informal discussion, the evening livered a few words in explanation of banquet being the event to which all the object of the Society. This was looked for the final event of the day. followed by an address by Mr. Wm. The local chairman of the Enter­ J. Kershaw. Mr. Kershaw's speech tainment Committee was Mr. Charles was an eloquent classic and profoundly E. Dagenett and to him the success of impressi ¥e. As the years go by it the event is largely due. As in all of will be regarded as one of the master­ its functions, this was distinctly of pieces of Indian oratory. Congress­ high grade, every appointment being man Charles D. Carter, former Chief the best that could be secured. The of the Chickasaw Council, and now toastmaster of the evening was Han. vice-president on legislation of the Charles D. Carter. The principal society, made the closing address in­ speaker was Han. Cato Sells, Com­ dorsing the memorial in its plea for missioner of Indian Affairs, who told a new and just code of law and of the remarkable change he had greater opportunity for the red man. wrought in Indian affairs and vividly President Wilson replied expressing depicted his achievements in protect­ his pleasure in receiving the dele­ ing Indian interests. Other speakers gation and stating that he had not who delivered addresses were Denni­ given special thought to the Indian son Wheelock on "The Law Bars the though he had appointed the best Way to Indian Progress"; Patrick J. man he could find as Secretary of the Hurley on "Humor at the Bar;" Henry Interior and as Commissioner of in­ Roe-Cloud on" Brains and Efficiency"; dian Affairs. He promised to give Prof. F. A. McKenzie on "Principles the Memorial his most earnest con­ and Dangers"; Mrs. rtfarie 1. Baldwin Sideration and to study the measures on "What an Indian Woman Has to advocated by the Society. Say for Her Race"; Dr. Sherman Cool­ Promptly upon the expiration ofthe idge on "The Society"; Hon_ W. A. term of the interview the Delegates Durant on "A National Indian Society • 290 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL- ABOUT INDIANS

as the Means for Race Efficiency"; and The accomplishments of the Decem­ Dr. Thomas C. Moffett on "The Power ber Meeting were the reaching of thl of friendship Among Races". President's ear, the presentation 0 The banquet favors were small In­ basic facts for his consideration, I dian war clubs tied with white ribbons demonstration of the Society's unity a?d labeled" Peace Clubs". Upon the and purpose, and establishing of I ribbon was printed the following stan­ za: deeper confidence of the public in the capacity of the red men to reach out "THE PEACE CLUB." for higher things. The im pression "To knock 'th Robs life w~ club and thrust with spear made by the Memorial Delegation was So let us CLUlllts peace a~d cheer. Th I B together friend. profound. Dr. William K. Cooper en a lour woes shall be at end." Secretary of the Washington Y. M. C. The Co . A. , stated that the event was the m~ mmlttee had hoped to have a dignified and orderly he had erer seen Peace ~inner and had telegraphed for in the Executive Mansion and his opin' pea~e .plpeS, but the New York Indian ion was verified by Mr. Samuel Brasiu Exhibits. Com pany h'a vlOg no peace pipes ~ent War clubs! This put the Attorney for the Indian Rights Asso­ ciation, who affirmed that it was the Coml~klttee in a quandary for it had no war I e IOtent' most impressive event he had ever Ions. On the spur of th e moment h witnessed in connection with Indian ,owever, the verse was penne d, and th I b affairs. Others stated that the event f uI ad vantage. ec u used for peace­ was a positive demonstration of tbe The meeting d . ability of Indian blood to achieve. The conve d' an presentation were membership represented Indians ne 'dlO remarkably quick time. The Presl ent b prominent in civil, religious, and po­ notice in whi gave ut seven days Ch liticallife, including clergymen. ed~­ to the C 'tol to prepare for the tnp catol'i!. scientists, congressmen. bUSIi iay of o~P! I' That the great major­ nes'men lawvers and financiers. I to the st Cia s were present is a tribute these ha\:e str~ggled upward through ren~h of the Society and the harmony of Its d . . adrerse conditions how many mort On the 11th a mlOlstration. might achieve and advance as efficient the Execut" and 12th of December factors in the national life if the lall'! meeting. ;: iCo~nci.1 held its annual of the land would only permit it. ter of th T nVltatlOn of the Regis- e reasur . In this memorable counci l only ea~ held in h' .., Ymost sessions were IS 011 ICe Th '. nest faces were seen. The men an tions of I'nt . e prlOclpal ac- nero erest t th . women who composed it were e . are those rei t' 0 e membership getic factors in the life of the repub!:d QlIIl"'7Iy Taing to the policy of the Every man and woman of Indian bl . ,~ -Jollrnal S . . "]'tel POintment of ,. A. 1., the ap- was conscious of his respo nslbl l I . . S to whose chairm a .Board of Trustees. and eager to meet his ObhgatJ~ . an ts Mrs. Marie L B Bald Win, and the' . . his race and to his country. .s ing place for t selection of the meet- of the ability of the race to advance. f The Fifth Conf he 1915 Conference. they were. their clothing was tha! 0 the auspices of renee. will ~eet under the citizenship of the great natI: homa in Oklaho he Un!verslty of Okla­ There were no blankets, no feathe a hasalready led rna City, Okla. This no relics of the past-for the;;e"; the part of the ~~ great enthusiasm on and women were the Illdiall.~ QT t~joII lahoma membership. pleading for the future. Th elr . \'IS THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL- ABOUT INDIANS 291 was fixed upon things ahead. Though not only for race and for country, but in their hearts they were still loyal to for humanity. the best traditions of their people, Thus has a new day dawned, and each knew that such things were a dynamic effort has been applied from part of the past. Their appeal was within.

ARROW-HEADS

By HENTo (A member of the Wyandot Tribe)

Bit by bit with tireless effort, Was the hard flint flaked to form Tip for shaft and spear· head long ago. Time was less than naught in those days, And the end sufficed the needs Of the patient worker for his bow.

Skilled in craft of plain and forest, Ever he must be alert In the haunts of bison or of deer. On the shores of lake and river Trod moccasined foot, As he sought shy quarry for his spear.

Lithe of limb and strong of muscle, Wends he o'er the portage Shoulders bearing lightly his canoe. Should he meet a wily foeman As he treads the forest glades, His the need to dare then, and to do.

Thoughts like these come as I wander Over plow-turned fields and find In my path an old arrow-head. And I weave in vivid fancy, As I scan the enduring flint, A measure of those brave warriors, dead. •

THE HOPI; A PEOPLE \VH O NEED NO COURTS, JAILS OR ASYLUMS

LOUIS AKIN IN THE CRAFTSMAN

N THE vague North of Arizona, be­ derision so called them on account 01 I yond that clean-cut horizon of their distaste for warfare, and loveol keenest blue, and yet two days' a quiet-stay-at-home life. According travel through the Painted to the Navajo code they were "dead Desert-a spot that has ones." From the Navajo, whose felt less of the White country entirely surrounds the Hopi, Man's influence than any the early traders and settlers acquired inhabited place in Ameri­ the word Moki berore ever seeing the ca-lies the land where Hopi; and from the trader it easily the Hopi and his ances­ passed without question to the govern: tors have dwelt in con­ ment representatives. But ask a Hopi tented independence for wn if he is a Moqui - his quick resentment un.kno centuries; where ruin upon will be convinci ng enough. rUIn, older than Egypt, verifies the The Hopi reservation, about fifty oral traditions of archaic times, and miles square, is entirely withi n the where to-day these good people live, boundaries of the great Navajo r~s~r. love and labor in ways but little vation, but under separate admlDlS­ changed from the utmost simplicity of prehistoric ages. tration. There are seven villages To those few in the outer world who through which two thousand I~di~~} ever heard of them at all they are are scattered. The first fai~t \'le~ ed Oraibi. the largest village, IS gaID mostly ~~wn as Moquis-this through five or six miles down the trail, where the pubhclty gained by their annual Dance. But Moquis or Moki is by close attention the block-like h?US~ Sna~e can be picked out and distinguls\ misnomer. Hopi is how they would ~ above the like-formed rock of t e .a~e us know them- because it is ;~~ t, and because it means some- mesa which they crown. . tl . In following the horse trail dlree ~. .to th:rn and it isjustlysymbolic /~g the view grows plainer and then IS ~ 1-elrracla.1 characteristics. Peace- U lost. as the way winds closer, u~ gentle In its significance-and the worst Wo d h through scrubby peach orchard.s n:. r t ey know to apply to l an 0 Ifen der i k h . melon patches, past a deep, Orle 8 of HOPI-or· S a-k oPI-the h . negative looking spring then squarely up ' f h' Pas- a- OPI, the SUper_ , herf latIve 0 t I· d narrow, precipitous passage w ha! thO S . h . an anyone as bad as la IS oPele s. Moki in their lan­ your pony climbs like the g~t ~~ int<' gu ge means d d to be, and out on the summit fu rY' theory f' ea, and the accepted the village street. At once e~~~. as a tri~allts first .application to them body in town knows there are s '.". their I ~arne IS that the Navajo, . 't Wll­ ong-tIme enemy, in a spirit of gers within the walls. It Isn less-it's dogs. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL- ABOUT INDIANS 293

A Bahana (White Man) has no rea­ giving it a gallery effect. In three son to complain of his reception, for corners were tiny, quaint fireplaces, the Hopi has a strong, fine sense of one a sunken oven, and in the other hospitality. Appear at his door, and corner the mealing stones, set in a a courteous form of welcome awaits shallow trough in the adobe floor with you. He bids you enter, expresses a wee, unglazed window beside them. "thanks that you have come," shows A broad, low banquette on one side of­ you to a seat and then adds a phrase ered a cozy couching place with an­ to the effect tbat "you are welcome other half-partition atone end, giving it to remain forever." The mother or semi-privacy. Then there were sun­ daughter brings food and you eat dry cubby holes in the walls and a whether it looks inviting or not, if couple of storage bins which furnished you'd retain their utmost good will seating space. The stone walls were and respect. But it's all good, take smootbly plastered with adobe by my word for it, and don't wait for hand, in a way that leaves no square knives and forks; it's good form to dip corners or hard, straight lines, and all or gouge into anything with your own but the floor was neatly whitewashed original tools. And then, when you with pure, white clay. go, you are asked most cordially to Hung to pegs near the ceiling, and " come agam. very soon." forming almost a frieze around the My first visit was on a flat-hunting room, were bunches of dried herbs, red expedition, accompanied by youthful peppers, dried muskmelon, dried boiled Mah-si-wa, wbo could speak a little sweetcorn-on-the-cob, neat packages English, and tbe first place I entered of corn husks cured for various uses, was the one I wanted and finally se­ and ears of choicest corn of many colors cured. It was the upper floor of a for next year's seeding. All this I two-story bouse, occupied then by the asked her to leave, for I liked it, and family, but Nav-ah-hong-a-ni-ma was also I kindly permitted her to leave a willing to rent it out and move down­ large pile of cool, ripe watermelons in stairs, as it was nearing autumn when one corner. Then sbe brougbt water they all move into the lower stories ina wikurra, I bought a load ofscrubby for more warmth. So, upon my quick­ fagots tbat Sah-koy-um-na had just y agreeing to pay her seventy-five brougbt in, unpacked my few food sup­ cents a week for two or three weeks­ plies from the traders, and my blankets ~1I she asked and wbich astonished her. and painting duffie, and was at home. or she had expected me to offer her "At. home" is correct. Thatfirstday twentY-five cents, and have an hour's was my reception day though no cards JOyous haggling hefore coming to an were sent out. Nearly all the men in agreement at fifty-she moved her few the village, some of the women and a chattels out and swept the floor. The few of the bolder or more curious chil­ ~oom was about eighteen by thirty-five dren came. All were interested to eet, a door at each end and a couple know what object I could have in com­ of Sm a II \vmdows. of one pane of glass ing there and settling in such an ap­ set d'Irectly into adobe. The front ten parently permanent way in the midst f:t of the floor was some two feet of them. a Ve tbe rest, with stone steps to These gentle folk are very suscep­ reach't d . partir I ,an that higher part half tible to gentle treatment al!d it wasn't loned off by a low wall part way, long till I began to feel highly grat- • 294 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

The Hopi villa&,e of Oraibi is bu ilt upon a Rod ey Mesa hundreds of feet Over the valley. or "wash"

ified to see that I was winning their paint when an old grandmother wan confidence to an unexpected degree, ed me to see by every detail how mue even in the conservative faction. Yes, better than modern methods was I even the children, playing about the good old way of building up the cIa streets in their little bronze pelts, soon fora piece of pottery? Or, whenP reached a point of confidence where hu-nim-ka, with a tiny yucca-Ii they wouldn't run screaming for home brush in her deft, tapering fin~~ or the nearest shelter when !appeared, permitted me to watch her penclhn and eventually the time came when the old, intricate design on one of h they'd run joyously to me, calling me gracefully modeled bowls? Or, \Vhe by name- my Hopi name- instead of Ku-ku-ti-ti-wa, the lame boy, cam? t scatt~ring; then, indeed, was my pride borrow tools and get advice in fas hto unspeakable. . 'th mg a finger-ring of lead, set WI My two or three weeks lengthened rough, blue stone, the model for on into months, and yet into nearly a year, he planned to make in silver an before I finally jogged down the trail for the last time toward the outer turquoise When he had aqui red ~ world, with a very small roll of can­ necessary tools and knowledge fort. advanced Work? How could I ~a~n vases, but a great wealth of happy h . . tolotD memories; for I didn't do much actual w en there was a rabbit dnve 'd work, the conditions were against it. or the spinning "bee" for the brl robes of some good friend'sdaughle There was too much of living interest \Vhe in this new world that I found myself or a ceremonial foot-race, or a part of. How could I paint when our Katcinas were going to Shung Ke-wan-i-um-ti-wa came to spend an pavi to dance, to show "those Shun. pavis" how easy it is to make the ral afternoon in my education, making me eril get up and "act out" things to be sure come when a people have S? P If. I had my lessons right? How could I know ledge and stand high with cloud spirits, or when there waS THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 295 nine days' ceremony on at home and famous- ' 'her," rather, for it's the never a minute of it, day or night, Navajo women who do their weaving, that hadn't some real interest in it? the men devoting their time and So I didn't paint and there are no energies toward the busines~ end, dis­ regrets. When old Ho-ve-i-ma, the posing of the women's products at crier, - he of the great voice-stood the trading posts. Very few speci­ on the highest house-top and an­ mens of the Hopi's exquisite work nou nced that on the third day all were reach civilization, for nearly every­ invited to come to the fields of one thing they make is for their own use. who was too old and feeble to get his The women of the tribe are most con­ planting done alone, and help him servative and adhere to the native finish it, it was worth more to me to dress woven in one piece, folded, join the groups that trailed down into laced together with colored yarns and the plains before sunrise and see two belted in with a long woven sash of weeks' work done in a few hours by bright hue. It is black, a diagonal people who live very near to the weave, with a ten-inch border at top Golden Rule. And the charm of it is and bottom of dark blue in an em­ that such communal work is done bossed diamond pattern. This is with the utmost cheerfulness; song caught over the right shoulder, leav­ and laughter are everywhere, and ing the left bare, and they generally when the task is done there's always wear a mantle of a smaller blanket, a big di nner ready at the home of the or of calico, caught over the left one benefited, in which also the wom­ shoulder and flowing free behind. an of the house has had the co­ With this arrangement of costume and operation of her friends. Such oc­ their own odd method of hair-dressing casions come often, as when a man it would be a long trip to find any­ wishes to start a new blanket. If he thing more picturesque than a group were to spin all the yarn alone he'd of women and girls gathered for their spend weeks at it; but let him invite daily trading bee and "mothers' his friends to come to a kiva on a cer­ meeting" on a kiva roof, or on a tain day to help him, and presto! all house terrace, weaving their bright­ the yarn is spun in no time, everybody colored trays and lunching, or partic­ has a good, social time and a dinner, ularly on the house tops, viewing a and he is ready to set up his loom "dance" in the plaza, when each one next day. An odd feature of Hopi wears her best. At such times the un­ life is this, that the men do all the married girls are supposed to retire spinning, weaving, embroidering of modestly to their homes before the ceremonial robes, knitting of leggins close of the ceremony that they may and the sewing of the garments made not have to mingle with the dispersing popular by the advent of calicoes and crowd. Every man is an artist unto himself, velvets. This, too, in addition to culti­ in a way, in Hopi-land, for every man vating the fields, herding the flocks, has his part in religious rites some gathering the fire-wood and taking time each year, which requires of him their part in the many ceremonies. the painting of various symbolic de­ So they are a busy people. signs; so every man is able to go out The Hopi were the original weavers and gather from Mother Earth his own of t~e Southwest and taught the NavajO the craft that has made him necessary colors, ~rind and prepare 296 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

them, make his brushes of yucca anything anyone ever saw any where fiber, and finish his work neatly and ar. and it is perfect! tistically, In pottery, which only the womer Then, too, they make for one festal work in the lines and proportiolJ! occasion many Katcina dolls, carved couldn't' be improved on by a hair'! from cottonwood in yery simple forms breadth, while the composition and that have come down to them as cor. balance of the pain ted decoration on rect from the days when stone and a pot or bowl are entirely satisfying. bone tools superinduced simplicity of even though we haven't the slightest treatment: then pain ted in the detail idea of the meaning of anyone of the of costume of some particular variety endless variety of graceful design~ of Katcina, There are about two hun­ nearly all of which have religious sig' dred and fifty separate and distinct nificance. Their drawing is develop­ Katcin'l personages, each of whom has ed to a state of finished conventional· some special influence with some of ity and symbolism that is beyond the the various Elementa Spirits, In the comprehension of a Bahana. In bas­ Katcina ceremonies. which last all through the plantmg and growing sea­ ketrv their productions are not won· son, these mythical beings are imper­ derf~l. Pottery takes the place that sonated by variously masked and cos­ highly finished basketry fills in other tribes. So they only make the flat tumed groups of dan ers who for the time, lose their Own identity' and are tray of twigs, generally with a sym' consecrated to the rites of the occasion bolic design, perhaps a Katci na, wov' and spend days in SOng and prayer for en into it in the soft· toned colors of the successful growth and matu " ul their native dyes. These they use ffr u the <:rops . . These d lis are give~ to any household purpose that a loose y the lIttle girlS, with decorated bow­ woven tra" will serve, . J h r and ~rrows for the boys, on the la-t It would seem as though t ere ' hardly an act in the day's work or mormng of the PO\ -amu ceremony whIch marks the OPe n ing of th ' . play that hasn 't some religious assOCI: ' . Feat cma season m ebru ry '1 th atIon and it is all sincere to the veT! 'f h . a ore an , When m~re gl ts, t ey sYm bolize the gov.;. utmost, not thoughtless form, h WIll of the Katcina t d d a man smokes a cigarette or pipe, eac d ' •~ep resen e an are more hIghly Pri ed bl ' puff of smoke is a cloud symbol aD th an as t oy , as essmgs Implies, a praver for ram-. and he In all forms of Cr it h' h means it. When. a man b'rmg s home'f . smans Ip t e HopI excels: althougll th N 'h from the hunt a rabbit or two, hI' S \VI e practIsed" sllversmith.' n e avaJoh d edas or mother takes them at the door, Ia. rs ' g a un r }ears or more, getti 't f h them on the floor. gets a pihCh of 53 ' ' g I rom t e "lexlcans, the few Ho . h h tak cred, meal and breath~s a, pray e\~ef . I \V 0 ave '. en It up recently ar ' gratitude while scattermg It o\ er ,. g , I". selves vastly sUperior • prkovm the~- ~ame-and she means, it. It IS d}.; com bme' d artIstIC" and, orh" ers I TheIr tmctly a religion of environment. the ena bIe t hem to prov' dec anlca' sen °e life and happine s depend upon b are withoutcruden e pIeces that success of the agricultural crops, ea~ individuality in ess,f ~ 'etsho w st rong rt In rtn of the element- that has any pa \Vhen Lo-mah.wi_n: and finish: their germination, growth and ma~u~ finishes a ring or brae Q f ~hungopa\'l 1 ity is represented by a spirit to Wd °iP et, It Isn't lIke supplication is made to that en THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 297

A view in Oraibi-Tbe chambers with ladders protruding are Kivas. many ways, all with the utmost fer­ when posing for me, and though I vor and sincerity. They do not recog­ forbade him coming to my house and ?ize one Great Spirit, but there is the denounced him in well-defined terms, ,,'Sun Spirit" the "Moon Spirit", he came cheerfully along just the "Cl?ud," "Thunder," "Lightning," same, bearing no malice for my harsh Wmd," and "Fire" spirits, "Spirit words. of Germination," of the "Under­ The Paradise or Spirit House of the w.orld" who keeps the springs run­ Hopi is in Grand Canyon, and there is mng, and yet a few more. At any sent, during certain important cere­ rate they lire it day by day, and it has monies, a messenger priest who makes been effective enough to keep tbem a a votive deposit in the shrine erected gentle, peaceful, honest, industrious there, tenders a prayer offering of ~ople, with a pure blood and no neces­ sacred corn meal to the rising sun SIty for courts of justice, jails or or­ and carries back with him certain phan asylums for untold ages. waters and herbs for use in further In all my time there I never saw the rites. Shrines are everywhere in the remotest sign of a quarrel between vicinity of Hopi towns. Some are men, women, or children, and though shrines to distant mountains, rivers, my house was open most of the time the ocean, some to prehistoric or and littered over with things that traditional homes of ancestors or eVer Y VIsItor'. coveted I ne,er had a clans, and in nearly every field is tb eft but through one' man. There 30me manner of shrine in which to must be exceptions to even the deposit especial prayer offerings pre­ G.olden Rule. He got away with a pared by the priest for the purpose, PIpe and some silver buttons once which the fortunate ones proudly 298 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS carry to the fields with perfect confi­ Masho-hong-wa crooning over he dence in their efficacy. The indoor youngest, or perhaps an ardent yout religious ceremonies are held in under­ who stands alone and stately.out 01 chambers known as kivas, of which the rocks toward the sunset, yet with there are fourteen in Oraibi. Each in good hearing of "Her," who iH 0 man belongs to some one of the a bevy of maidens taking the twiligh Hopi fraternities occupying these hour away from the rorn-grinding. I kivas. may even be Her back later at he There are songs for every work-a­ task where she spends so many tediou day act or occupation, for any mood, hours, but always there is song. for any weather. It may be Nah-si­ Then if it really be Her, back at t kwap-ti-wa, off before sunrise on his mealing stones again, and the fire ha old burro after a load of scrubby wood, flickered low, and her weird son from six or eigh t miles back on the comes haltingly, intermittently, pe higher mesas, II' hose vocal expression haps even ceases, you may have of the joy of living comes drifting idea that a lithe, blanketed youn back to you in the gray dawn, or it form has quietly appeared at the tin. may be a shepherd on his early way open window just by her side, an to the corrals, or two or three young though the meal must be ground gods in breech-clout, astride one bur­ what he has to whisper may be la ro, "pegging it" toward the fields. interesting to lose a breath of. It may be a group of little animate But always there is someone, som bronzes playing in the sand, or Mrs. where, singing at her grinding.

GOOD I:\DIANS-WHEN?

By JNO. B. BROWN

ENE~AL P~ILIP SHERID~N said: "The only good Indian is a dea G one. He little knew how hiS thoughtless, or heartless admirers waul quote him and perserve his meaning. To the soldie~ the "good" I dian was one who would not fight. In Sheridan's fighting days Indians ha real grievances and put up real fights. When put out of one fight if there w any life left, they came back and fought some more. The term "Good Indian was generally applied to all Indians not on the War path and the term II" used in no other way by men in the army, or by western ~eople all of whO lived in the vicinity of army posts, breathed the army spirit a'nd spoke tb military language. Sheridan merely meant that an Indian would fight unt killed, using all the craf~ ~t bi.s co~mand. Sheridan was paying a high trl ute to a worthy foe and It IS high time that we ceased to perpetuate so gross a misconception of his famous epigram. PAWNEE MA RRI AGE CUSTOMS OF THE OLD DAYS

FROM THE OKLAHOMAN

AMES R. MURIE, full-blood Paw­ Murie testified that he remembered nee Indian chief, business man of the Sioux massacre in 1872, which oc­ J Pa wnee, and for years a repre- cured just outside the Pawnee reser­ sentative of the Smithsonian vation in Nebraska. This was the last museum, recently gave in the big Indian buffalo hunt in that state, United States court at Guthrie the massacre following permission be­ an interesting account of the ing given to 100 Pawnee males, with marriage, divorce and descent theirfamilies, to leave the reservation laws or customs as practiced to hunt buffalo. Immediately after by the Pawnees prior to these the massacre the government began Indians coming under the jurisdiction the removal of Pawnees to Oklahoma. of the white man's laws. They came in groups during the years Murie was a witness for the United of 1872-1874, Murie being in the last States in the case of Lizzie Washing­ group, with George Washington, his ton-Box, a full-blood Pawnee, against wife, and others. the United States, Samuel Gover and Murie testified that the Pawnees had George Phillips. The woman claims different marriage ceremonies for to have been the wife, according to young people and for widows and wid­ Indian customs, of George Washing­ owers. In answer to a question from ton, a Pawnee sub-chief, and therefore IsaacD. Taylor, assistant United States entitled to possession of a valuable attorney, Murie said: tract of land allotted to Washington "Tbere were several ways of marry­ in 1882. ing in those days. If young people de­ This was ten years after the first sired to wed the young man's relatives Pawnees were brought to their Okla­ got together, threw in ponies, and se­ homareservation from Nebraska. The lected a girl for him. They made the Indians allotted land at that time were necessary arrangements with the tri­ under the jurisdiction of Indian laws, bal priest, and the priest led the young and this was not changed until the re­ man to the lodge or tepee of the girl. mainder of the Pawnees were allotted Tbey would enter her lodge and sit in 1893. near the door for a few minutes with­ Mrs. Washington-Box, claiming to out saying anything. Then they be George Washington's widow, was would rise and go out. supported in her claim by Murie in re­ "The relatives ofthe girl would then lating to the coun what the Indian get together and learn that the priest tribal laws or customs were in 1882 and and the young man had been in the prior thereto. Samuel Gover claimed lodge asking for the daughter. Again the land as a relative of Washington the priest and the young man would and he alleges tbat Mrs. Box was not enter the lodge. If he was acceptable the wife, but onll' a relative of the to the relatives they would fill the sa­ deceased land-owner. cred pipe with tobacco from the sacred 300 THE I DIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL- ABOUT INDIANS

bundle. They would light the pipe "It was always necessary for there and let the young man and the old be some cause for adivorce ;somemi;. man smoke. understanding. The relatives neve' "After that the ponies were ex­ interfered and did not try to keep the changed between the two parties. In man and wife together following, case the young man wanted to wed a di \'orce unless they happened to bf girl, whether she wanted him or not, very young people, newly married he had no talk with her but would get Then the relatives often interfere.: on his pony, go to th~ lodge of the and tried to hold them together. Th, girl, jump off and give the nearest rel­ brothers, having sold the girl, eIr ative the pony. T he relative would dea vored to make her go back to he th;~ give th.e girl to the suitor. hushand. When WIdows a nd widowers desir­ "While the Pawnees we re stilllivin ed t.o marry they Si mply got together, in ~ebraska they were ruled by a deCIded to become man and wife and chief, who was the sole manager o' se.ttled things between thems~lves nearly everything. What he decided wIthout any other perons being pres­ to do the tribe did, with the consent e~t. No ceremony was gone through of course, of the government Indian wIth, and sometimes they lived to­ agents. The chiefs had nothing what· ~etheras.man and wife without others ever to say or to do with the manner nOWIng It. Then it would become ru­ of marriage and divorce, nor with tb, :ored through the I ndian village that distri bution of the property of a de­ . ey were man and wife. It made no ceased tribesman. The chiefs never dIfference. even if the WI'd ow ha d re Ia- interfered, in fact, unless trouble re­ bves who were ch' f db even if th h' Ie s an raves, or sulted and there was violence. Tbl e clef I'" h sam e famI' lv. ' were IVIng In t e chiefs were supposed to let the rela· "If the ~idow h tives settle all family affairs. . and good I k' appened to be young "When a warrior ~f the tribe dieQ 00 10 h k' quentlyattempte er. Insmen fre- the wife always inherited his propertY of her, or rathe d to cla.lm ownership He would leave his horses and sacreQ her away in mar : perm lss~on to gire bundles. Sometimes the brother 0 they secured po ~ ge, for In that way the deceased would , by. brute force. . . :Th n I S for her hand e e manner () d' . tlIke away property, especially ponI , Indians prior to Ivorce .among the from the widow and chi ldren, but th"' white man was sin he comIng of the was not according to the tribe's Cll;' would simply se lple. Man and wife tom. The custom for the widoW t er3 I' inherit was followed until the fed just quit if the 1 r ate. They would f standing between lI/as any misunder­ go\'ernment established the court 0 separated it was f hem. When they Indian offenses in 1 9, and for 50111' when a young m r good. . Sometimes time ~iajor Wood acted fo r the pa~ woman, and had b n marrIed a young nee', Otoes and Poncas in this COll It. was pretty harq ught her for ponies. "If a man died, leaving childre~ hll? If, hOwey for her to get rid of thIng not exact! ' _h e had done SOme- but no widow, the property wen: he known to her r rl~ht and it became the children and his brothers. I tho the duty of her b latlves, then it wa left children and uncles. but no bro p­ away, for it was thers to drive him ers, the children inherited the pro r' tracted the marri e brothers who con- erty. If no widow or children ~~ g e. Yired him, but uncles, his father THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 301

mother, the latter would inherit, al­ the lodge of an Indian belonged to him though the brothers would always b'y and passed to his widow at his death. to get the property. "Frequently the allotment of a dead "The general custom was to keep warrior was worked by the grown the property in the family of the de­ children and other relatives, who help­ ceased, it mattered not who the sur­ ed put in the crops, bind the wheat, vivors were. In every case it went to and attend to the harvesting. the wife, if she was living. It was "Oftentimes it happened that the her place to get the oldest man in the relative who was the strongest in tribe to come and take his pick out of brute force took the property and kept her herd of ponies, leaving her in pos­ it, although the widow's relatives, es­ session of the remainder. He could pecially her brothers, would often take a pony for his own use, but for unite with her to protect her rights." no other. Sometimes the brothers Just prior to the opening of the would come and take the ponies away "Cherokee strip" to settlement in 1893 from the widow and children. If the the remainder of the Pawnees were mother tried to keep the ponies, the allotted and a congressional act pass­ brothers would often try to take them ed, making the laws of descent and in­ by force. heritance among Pawnees similar to "There was no attempt made, wbile those of Oklahoma territory. The old the tribe lived in Nebraska, to divide marriage laws of the tribe have always the property of a deceased warrior ac­ been respected, and some of the old cording to the white laws of the state, polygamous marriages are still in force, for no attention was paid to the whites. although all new marriages are now Whatever horses were collected around contracted under laws of the whites.

ON THE FIRING LINE

By AMORETTA FITCH

::iometirnes when we're on tbe firing line We feel like turning right about face, For our knees will shake. our hearts will quake: A poor kind of a soldier we make, . And we need, just then, God's specIal grace To stay on the firing line.

Sometimes when we're on the firing line, 'Midst its carnage and shot and shell, We often doubt how we'll get out- Then we see the flag, dear old flout: And dead or alive, or sick or well, We stay on tbe firing line.

Sometimes when we're on the firing line, And tbe din of battle is over, We shade our eyes, our lips close-grey, Where there fra\' we kneel to pray. As we search for our dear lost brother. A nd find \lim on the firing line. •

TAOS, AN ANCIENT AMERICAN CAPITAL

AGNES C. LAUT IN TRAVEL MAGAZINE

~~~4$.a A~~~; Santa Fe anu El ing of the wh ite ma n to the West?" Yes. • Paso-these were to you can see those very walls today - waJI, the Southwest what antedating the ro min g of Coronado m Port ROlal, Quebec 1540 bv hundreds of years. and Montreal were to No .:notor can cl im b up and down the French Canada, or steep switchback to the Arroyo Hondo of Boston, Salem and Jamestown to the colo. the bridge. ~I otors taken over that tratl nists of the prerevolutionary days on the must be towed; but from the bridge vou A tlantic coast. can go on to Taos by motor. As )'ou El Paso was the gateway from the old ascend the mesa above the river bed \,ou Spani.h dominions of the south, Santa see the mountains ahead rise in black Fe was the central militar)' post, and basalt like castellated walls, with jagged Taos the watch tower on the very Ollt­ tower and battlement thmst in to the rer~' skirts of the back-of· beyond of Spanislj clouds. Patches of yellow a nd red blotch territory in the wilderness of the New the bronzing forests where the fo rest ha' World: touched the fo liage, a nd you don't go Before Santa Fe became the terminus manv miles into the lilac mist ofthe morn· of the trail for American traders from ing 1ight, shimmering as it always shim· Mi ouri and Kansas, Taos was the end mers abO"e the sagebrush blue and sa nd.' of the fur traders' trail in the days when gold of the upper mesas, before you hellr Louisiana extended from ~ew Orleans to the laughter of living \Va ters coming do'" Oregon. In Taos such famou frontiers­ from the mountain snows. One under· men as Jim Bridger, ~[anuel Lisa, Jebe­ stand why the Indians, first.eomers he"" diah Smith. Colonel Ashley And Kit Car­ chose the uplands. while the whi te man. son came to barter beads,' calico. tobacco who came second, had to ehoo,e tb. ,had· Hnd fire· water for hide., fur, native woven OWl' bottoms of the w"lIed.in canon'. blankets, turquoises and rude ornaments Someone, back in the good old dat of silver hammered from SpAnish bullion wben we were not afraid of being poetiC. into necklaces and bracelets. said something about "traveling on the What Green's Hole and the Three wings of the morning." lean't put III Tetons were to the ~[iddle West, Taos words what he but here you actus:: was to the Southwest. In the midst m~ant, I.v travel thus, gOlllg lip Ilnd up so graclua of mountains that rise fourteen thousand I\' that vou do not reRlize thatvou are on. feet sheer from sea level, where . now m';untains. but the peaks them>ehe;· glimmers from the peaks for more than ~ot breathing. not air, but ozone; uplifted by half the )'ear and where mountain tor. rents water the valley with a YStem of a great wei!!ht taken from spirit and hod~ irrigation that never fails, Taos' was the looking at life though fietual ro>e.col~..b natural half. way house on the trail from tints. for there is something in this hI _. .­ the north to Old ~fexico. Coming out rare .ir tiI.t splits light into ib seren p~~ m~tic hues. It is. never cle~r white hg . of the desert from the south. Taos WAS ld the last WAlled city seen before the plunge It IS la vender. or hlac. 01' primrose. or go . into the ..ildernes.s of forests and moun. or as red as blood. according to tbe hOu~ and their mood; and. if you WAnt to cst tiains in the no-man'. -land of the North. . Ol~f "Walled city?" you say, "beforethecolll. ry the metaphor still farther. ~'ou '.h truthfully add the.t the hours on these hI< THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 303 uplands are dancing hours, You never ment, and flush with the street, YOll catch feel time to he a heavy, slow oppressor glimpses of inner patios, where oleanders of the soul. and rOSfS are still in bloom. Then you As the streams langh down from the see the roof windows of artists' studios mountains, ranches grow more and more and find yourself not only in an old frequent. It is characteristic ofthe West Spanish town but in the midst of a modern that you don't cross the acequias on art colony, which has been called into hridges. You cross the irrigation ditches being by the unique coloring. form and on two planks with risk to yOO!' car ifthe antiquity of life in the Southwest. driver slVerve at the ,teering wheel. All Columbia Hotel is really one of tbe fam­ the houses are red earth adohe, thick of ous old Spanish mansions, occupying al­ wall to shut out both heat and cold, with most the entire side of a plaza square. a smell of juniper wood in the fireplace of From its street entrance \,ou can see down each room. Much of this land, nearly all the little alleved street' where dwelt Kit of it, is owned hy the Taos Indians and Carson in the 'old da )'S. His old home is held in common for pasturage and culti­ almost a wreck now, and there does not vation. Title was given by Spain foul' seem to be the slightest movement to con­ centuries ago; and the same title holds vert it into a shrine, where the hundreds of today. in spite of white squatters' attempts sightseers who come to the I ndian dances to break down the law by cutting the wire could brush up memories of old frontier of the pasture fences and taking the case to heroes. Tbere are reall), four streets in the courts. Taos, all facing the plaza. or the square. It is late September. A parl'otcaJls out Other streets are alleys running of! these; in Spanish from the center of the patio, or and when you see a notary's sign out as lOner eourtyard, where our rooms look ont alralde it does not seem so very far back on an arcade running around the court in to the da JS of Spanish capes and velvet a perfect square. A mocking-bird trills trousers and buckled sho.". when Spanish saucily from his cage. Donkeys and conquistadores rode past and Spanish hurros amble past the rear gate with loads grand dames stole glances at the outside of wood strapped to their hacks. Your world through the lattices from the back window looks out on the street across mansion houses. In some of the old Span­ fr~m a plaza or cit), square. Stalwart, ish hOllSes vou wi1l6nd the deep casement thIckset, muscular figures. hair banded windows ,:ery high in the walls. I once back by red and wbite scarfs, trousers of asked a descendant of the old Spanish fami, a loos~ white pantaloon sort, tunic agray lies why that was. and ,he replied, "For or whIte hlanket wrapped Arah fashion protection. " from shoulders to waist-such are the men " Indians?" I asked. that walk with qnick. nervous tread along "No-Spanish women were not sup· the plaza; for the feast of Saint Geronimo posed to see, or be seen by, the ontside is at hand. The whole town is in £ world. " attire. There will he dancing all night The pueblo proper lies about four and all dav, and rude theatricals and miles out from the white man's town. h ~rse and f~t races, and the plaza is' agog Laguna, Acoma. Zuni. the Three ~lesas ~Ith SIghtseers. ~o . it is lIot Persia; it of the Tus.,'an desert all lie on hillsides Is no~ Palestine, nor Spain. It is just or on the' verv crest of high ac!i"ities. AmerIca at Taos-white man's Taos. at Taos is the exception among purel~- Indi­ the old Columbia Hotel, which is the last an pneblos. It lies in t~e hp of the of the old-time Spanish inns. valleI' amonu the moun tams-two cas- , ,.. As you motor into the town the long tellated 6,'e-story adobe strnctures. one on row'> 0 f grea t cottonwoods and poplars each side of a nionntain sb·eam. In other attest the great age of the place. puehlo villages. w~ile the houses mayad­ Through windows deep set in adobe case- join one another lIke the tone fronts of • 304 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

THE ANCIENT INDIAN VILLAGE OF TAOS.

our big cities, they are not like beehive ascendin" one of these ladders and 'yo~ apartment houses. In Taos the houses are have to C:;n vince yourself that you are 00 practically two huge communal dwellings, ill the orient. Down by the stream wo~.: with each apartment assigned to a special with red and blue and white shawls 0 t clan or famil\". In all. some seven hun­ their heads are washing blankets hy bea - dred peopl; dwell in these two huge ing them in the Bowmg. \Va t or. Go up t hef houses. How many rooms are there? :-lot fewer than an average of three to succession of ladders to the "ery tOt:u each family. a five-storied house and look oU~'e herd' can see the pasture fields, where t . of Remnants of an ancient adobe wall Sur­ . 0 the outskIrts round the entire pueblo. A new white_ graze ill common. n h' _ the village meD and boys are thres Idn g d washed mi""ion church stands in the center . . rou n an of the ,·illage. hut you still can see the that is they are chasIng poI1les t ' - 'U fI g up 0 old mission church pitted with cannon ball round inside a corral. WI I a a all . d hi ·s one ro and bullet, when General Price shelled it show which wa r the WIn ow. 0- . . d other scra r in the uprising of the pueblos after Amer­ forking cha/fwith the WIn '. an ican occupation. ing the grain outside the mcle. tairs :\Ien wear "store" trousers and "store" Glance inside the house~ . The ups for Portion is evidentl, the hnng-rooI?' on hats. You see some modern wagons. . " d th pot IS ' Except for these you are back in the days the fireplace IS here an e d roeal Off the living-room are corn an too , of Coronado in 154u. e bIDs'' and you can see th e mctate or s en All the houses are entered only by lad­ ' . d b the wolll ders that ascend to the roofs and can be on whicb the corn I groun YT talllent. drawn up-the pueblo way of bolting the as in the daB of the Ol~ . eo burch ~ . mISSIOn C door. The houses run up three, four and Though there IS a new Ii' and five stories. Thel' are adobe color out­ dating from the revo I t me. th for "'"t froIll s side-that is to say, a pinkish graY-and an old mission cburch dating almo the n see frolll whitewashed spotl"'SIy inside. \V atch a Coronado In. 1,,4- o·. 'ou ca h e the ,I" ,·/"-'OS \V er d woman wrapped in a white linen blanket roof dozens 0 f estlf; a·~ or A ~' _ an men are practicing for theIr dances THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 305 masked theatricals gi,-en at odd intervals. speak a language diOerent from that of Tony, the assistant governor, an edu­ the other pueblos, and this places the ori­ cated man of about forty, who has traveled gin of these people almost as far back as with wild west shows, acls as our guide tbe origin of Anglo-Saxon races. An­ and tells us about the squatters trying to other feature sels the pueblo people apart get the Indian land. How would you from all other native races of America. like an intruder to sit down in tbe middle Though they have been in contact with of your farm and fence off one hundred whites siuce 1540, intermarriage with and sixty acres? The Indians didn't like them is practically unknown. Purity of it, and they cut the fences. Then the blood isalmost as sacredly guarded among troops were sent out. That was in 1910 pneblos as it was among the ancient Jews. -a typical "uprising," in which the The population remains almost stationary. white man has both troops and courls on but the bad admixtures of a mongrel race his side. That case has gone to the are unknown. courls, and Tony doesn't expect it to be We call the head man of the pueblos settled very soon. In fact, Tony likes the go'-ernor, but the Spanish know him their own form of government better than as a cacique. Associated with him are the the white man's, and he tells you so in the old men -nwyores--or council; and this softest, coolest voice possible, for Tony is council of wise old 1I1en enters so intimately not only assistant governor; he is constable iuto the li,-es of the people that it ad rises to keep white men from bringing in liquor the ),oung men as to marriage. We have dur~ng the festal week. Every year the preachers in our religious ranks. The Indian: elect their own governor, whose pueblos have "proclaimers,'- who ha­ word IS absolutely supreme during his rangue from the house tops, or from the tenur~ of office, settling all disputes and eslufas. As women stoop over the mel ales questIons of justice without any lawyers grinding the meal, men sing good cheer f1gmarole. from the door The chile or red pepper "Supposing the guilty man doesn't is pulverized between stones the same as obey the go'-ernor?" we asked. the grain. Though openl)' Catholic and "Then we send our own police and iu attendance on the mission church, the take him, and put him in the stocks in pueblo people still practice all tl,e sec';"t the lockup," and he takes us round and rites of Montezuma; and III four centuries :bows us both these instruments of pun­ of a ociation ,-.-ith the Indian, white men Ishment. The stocks clamp down a man's never hare been able to learn the secret he.d .s well as his hands and feet. A ceremonies of the eslllias or kiras. Wom­ man with head and hands anchored be­ en never enter them. tween his feet in a black room naturally One of the most striking customs of the would not remain disobedient long. ancient pueblos was almost the same as The method of voting is older than the the call to arms among the Highlanders thwhite man .s b allot. The Indians enter of Scotland. In that land a blood dipped e e~ufa_ A mark is drawn across the cross and /laming torch summoned the sand . T wo men are nommated.. The clansmen to arms. Among the pueblos voters th . ;f, W en Slgnu i by marks on the sand. the swiftest runner of each great house or th omen do not vote! The "omen rule clan was send out witb a knotted cord of fie~~ouse absolutely. The men rule the deer throng. The number ofknols in the and crops and village courtyard. cord signified the number of days before Houses are built and occupied com­ the uprising or rally. Each day the run­ ~~n:~ly, and ground is held in common; ner would pass the signal on to a /leet-of­ w e product of each man's and each foot man in the next pueblo,; and for oman's labor is his or her own-the each da \" run off a knot would be untied ~ea~t approach to socialistic life that in the cord. so that the last pueblo visited meflca has yet known. The people here would know the number of days .. cer- 306 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

tainlv as the fir,;t. It was in this wa\' been told and retold in half the langoa that "the pueblos were called to the gre~t of the world. The Spaniards set out fro uprising of 1680. when the paniards Old Mexico three hundred strong, Wll were expelled from Taos and Santa Fe and eight hundred Indian escorts and fO!. Acoma and from the Tusayan desert as priests, including Marcos and a lay broil far south as EI Paso or modern Texas. er. What did they expect? Probably Who were the fir,;t white men to see second Peru-temples with walls of go Taos? It is not certainlv known, but and images draped in jewels of pricel.. they are supposed to have been Cabeza de worth. What did they find ? In Zu Vaca and his three companions, ship­ and the Three Mesas and Taos-sma!: wrecked on the coast of Florida in the sunbaked clay houses built tier 011 tier 0 . :-.larvae:; expedition. and who wandered top of each other like a child's bloc westward across the continent from Taos house, with neither precious stones 0 to Laguna and Acoma. As the legend metals of any sort, but only an ab~Jl{ runs, the I' were made slaves bl' the In­ anee of hides and WOI'en clotb. \\ be dians and traded from tribe to tribe from the soldiers saw Zuni they broke ont iot 1528 to 1536. when they finally reachetl jeers and curses at the pI:iest. Poor fo Olel ~Iexico. At any rate their report of ;\Iarcos had been thi nki ng more of SO" golden cities and vast undi,covered land saved from perdition than of loot and.ft' pricked ~elV Spain into launching Coro­ turned in shametl embarrass ment to ;\e nado's expedition of 1540. Spain. Preceding the formal military advance Across the desert to the Three ~I"'" of Coronado. the Franciscan. Fra :'.Iarcos and the Canon of Colorado; east ag. 1 de Niza, and two lay brother,;. guided by to Acoma and the Enchanted Mesa, u Cabeza de \'aca\ negro. Estevan. set out to the pueblo town now known as the Cill with the cro in hand to prepare the way. of Santa Fe' into the Pecos' and DOrt! Fra Marcos achancetl from the Gulf of yet north, to'Taos- Coronad~'s expeditio California eastward. and one can guess the practically made a circuit of all the soott weary hard'hip of tha t journeying. It west from the Colorado River to essterr was made between ~Iarch and September Kansas. The knightly adlenturers d. ofl539. Go into Yuma \.alle) ' in Sep­ not find gold, and one may gu tb" tember. The heat is of a denseness I'OU when winter came on, with heary .no" can cut wiUI a knife. and the tramp ~ver in the upper desert, they were in no rer desert sands in June. July and August good mood. At that time began the can hardly be imagined, Anyway. when cor tes~ between white adventurer and pue~ Fra ~rarcos sent his Indian guides for­ whIch lasted down to the middle of ward to Zuni. near the modern to .. n of nineteenth century. At the pueblo o~ Galltlp, they were met with the warning. known as Bernaliilo the soldieN deOlaudld. "Go back or you will be put to death:' blankets. to them, from the c0e! His mes.sengeN refused to be daunted. pro~ect The IndIans stripped thm houses to h so the Zuni people prompl)' killed them J their visitors, but, no doubt due totheIt! and threw them ol'er the rock.. Fra ~Iar­ humor of both sides attacks and U1,U, cos went on WIth the lay brothel'i and es­ , 3"" caped with his life. were begun by the white aggre ors, tb' " state of siege lasted for two moO His report encouraged the emperor of tb. Practically from that date to 1.8l0 tbt Spain go on with Cornado's expedition. to pueblo town, were a unit agaUlst That trip need not be told here. It has white man.

I u. 'HESITATL 'G,LY say that t~e girl in the large school who gets 11l~; out of the course IS the one who IS fortUnate enough to be placed in one, the ~vell-or~ered ~omes of an employee of .the school, to do housework durlOf the mdustrIal perIod. Carrol L. Scott, Jm.ncipal Phoenix Indian School. THRIFT

EXT to the importance of learning how to earn & living i Ihat of learning how to save one's re­ so urces in order to use them to the beit ad­ ,·anlage. By resources we mean ourselves and our strengUl, time, labor, tools, money and material of whatever sort. Thrift is only an­ other name for consen-alion of which we have heard a good deal; although cOlBervation is the term applied to the best use of U,e natural resources of the country. One phase of thrift is the great movement against the indiscrimi­ nate Ibe of alcohol. Alcohol is only a wIder of physical energy. of money and time; it is one of the most "asteful elements that ever entered human life. It pulls down the resistance of the body, invites disea'e. induces extravagance, idlen.",. and other evils. Cutting it out of our economy mean that we are saving energy and ability to d.o things worth while. It b equall_v true of the other ,-ices; they con­ tribute nothing to the producli,-e wenlth of a community, but in fact they lake away from wealth and must be fought on economic Ill; well as moral ground,. Time is another 8l;Set of human life. The man who sits with id le hauds contributes nothing. and loses his own abilit_v to contribute the longer he remain idle. The real men in our towns and citIes are those who are found behind the counters. at the cashiers desk. in of­ fices. or in aclualmsnual labor. Those who are standing about on the street corne", or merely going up aud down the street. are only the lookers-on; it is not ther who are building up busine-" making towns and communities, farms -and fuctori ..s. To be SR,-ing need not mean stingines. whicR the Indian abhors. In his native slate he was not wa,teful. It was not he. but the white man who. killed off the buffalo. • 'either ,.. ts it he who cut down forest­ and destroyed the game. To this da~ he is twice as sa,ing of fuel Ill; the white man. amI he doo. not kill allll ,kin a decr for a hunting tro­ phy merely, les,-ing thl' caml" to the co_,-otes. If thi native thrift could •

be applied to the things of modern life the future of the Indian would be sate. As it is, the lack of thrift in Indian bomes is often appalling. On a recent visit to a re.lervation where the Indian were reported as very poor,l saw expensive enamel ware left out on the ground; clothing that might have been patched allowed to go to waste; while at one home where the housekeeper did not know how, or take the time to leal'll, to cook white beans, lhey were thrown to Ule chickens. As food, beaus are as good as meat; the Indians were complaining that there was no meat. At another home, towards the south, I saw a good head of cabbage on the ground. Upon being questioned. the woman of the house Said she had bought it in town, giving eight cenl> for it; but she concluded she did not Want it aner all, and hid no compunctions about throwlllg It away. The Indian woman takes excellent care of tile buckskin dress on which she bas spent much labor, or the ceremonial regalia of her hu~­ band, With its wonderful decoration. But on the.tore.bought coat and shoes, the utensils and the other n~.ry articles of houekeeping, .he bestows SCant attention. They will be used, e'-en abused, nntil there IS no.thing letl of them, and if there happens to be money to buy DeW ~Dgs she will buy them; if there is no money. she will as readily go Without. Someday she will sarto the visiting inspector that she is very poor, and she will ask the 'Government to help her. Th - _e Indian woman must learn how to spend to better advantage. There IS no h - - th r '1 - ed - b - onor III ownlllg a phonograph when e laml y IS ragg , lD ord UYlllg quantities of crackers when light bread is '0 much cheaper an more 11 t - - - - h U flbous. Said a young Indian tODle who was questlODing ow he bou1d get through the wiDter. times belllg hard, "I have a little y monde ut you know how we Indians are when we have money; we spen It fast.. Th- - did- , red' ' • IS IS why Indian bills are large an some n lans ~un It :oo;'~ wh~ the man who wears good sh~ will someti~es be h- fY ,r he thlDg that looks best to an Indian IS the one With the big es~ prlC'e-mark. He is a good fello.. amona his people who can uya . undred-dollar saddle even thouah he m~\- hare to go to the agen t lU th~ 'ddl f '. ", - _ . Let ml e 0 the winter and ask for a rabon ticket. . . IU' teach the Indian girl the art of thrill of wisely spendlllg an d WISe, - - . - I . h b d - aVlllg, so that she mav train her children and re:.tralll lei anus oppo an rt, 1\110Ull't so helpd solve. the Indi~n problem . The scbo06__ hare sucb I Y to 0 thiS, especiall)- tho£e that bare uome:.llc course;. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL- ABOUT INDIANS 309

A LITTLE BROWN BOOK. The young men and young women of the printing department of the Chilocco School was notso long ago when sincere may have great reason to be proud, I think, IT of the opportunity to produce in lasting form doubt was expressed -and strong­ such interesting tales as those gathered by ly, too-that the Indian could be train­ William Shelton, expressing as they do the ed into becoming a craftsman, and at fidelity to purpose which actuated the Indians that time it was often remarked with­ of the older day. The best of the traditional in the writer's hearing that so far as ideals of his race are evidenced and exem­ phfied by William Shelton's own life, in the teaching the Indian to become a use­ determination wi th which he set out to do cer­ ful and self-supporting member of the tain things definitely within his reach, and printing fraternity was concerned, then perservered until he accomplished them. that was one of the improbable, if not rhere is a rich spiritual significance in his impossible, things. So it is with but reliance on an inward courage to sustain him in gaining each new vantage-ground of respect a just pride as well as the JOURNAL'S and attainment in his life-battle, and I think duty to call attention to the vast prog­ there is a lot of hidden poetic fervor in this ress the Indian has made during the simple account of his modest aspirations and past ten years in refuting, by actual passionate race-brotherly services which demonstration, the fallacy of the above makes the prefatory pages of tbe pamphlet the most valued of them all to me,-and the declarations and to show, so far as we self-revelation they contain is by no means the may, the great good work being done least emblematic of the totem tales contained by the Government for the Indian within the charm ingly conceived covers. through the Department of Indian If the Tulalip totem pole is a monument, or Affairs at Washington and the institu­ memorial, to the history and beliefs of the tions under its jurisdiction maintained Sound peoples, the booklet is a tribute to its ~uthor , who no doubt is very proud and for the trainingof Indians. With this pleased in knowing it to be the work of young object in view we print the following fo lks of his own race. comment-a letter written to a patron Both in execution, design, decoration and of the Chilocco printing department. authorship "Indian Totem Legends of the North-west Coast Country," as produced by Dr. Charles Milton Bucbanan the Chilocco students from the manuscript of Superintendent Tulalip I~dian Schools, William Shelton. shows that the cbaracter­ Tulalip, Wash. istics of their forefathers most highly to be Dear Dr. Buchanan: prized are being carried on and put into ac­ The renewed evidence which I have of tual, practical use by the grandchildren of ~~ur friendship, in receipt of the pamphlet the elder generation, who counted it nothing Totem Legends by WilliaroShelton," makes to endure the greatest hardships to get a me very glad that I had tbe good fortune to good totem. become acquainted with you last summer,­ The pamphlet you have sent me is a "great and all the more sorry that Mrs. Rich and her totem" -if I may call it so without .offense friend missed the anticipated deligbtof spend­ t.o the clever young men and young women Ing a day at Tulalip. who planned it-a great totem of a new kind But I am writing this most of all to tell for all Indians. you how mucb I prize this printed collection I am very proud to have a number of In- of W'll' I lam Shelton's totem explanations and dian friends whom I often wish that I might the sketch of bis life with wbich it is intr.;ouc­ see more frequently than I can; and I hope ed.. When you sent me the duplicate type­ some day to see the Tnlalip Totem Pole and :ntten manuscript of tbis I read it from the imaginative eraftsman-poet by whose eglDning to end witb a great deal of pleas­ handiwork it was carved: also, perhaps I will e :r , and I had a feeling then that it ougbt chance some day to meet andbecomeacquaint­ b e In print, butof course did not know tbat ed with some of the Chilocco young people th atwas . n gomg to happen, nor tbat such beau- who had the good fortone to be concerned in ~h~:r~sswork and typograpby was done any- the get-up of the little brown book. e m the country by Indian youth. • 310 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

If your supply of the pamphlets is not too AD Indian's Experience in Europe. limited I am sure Mr. Heuston (Geo. Z. Heus­ Andrew Hays, of Kamiah, who was in Eo" ton,820 N. Pine St., Tacoma, Wash.) would rope during the summer with a show, h" like to receive a copy of it from you, togeth­ written to Miss Christina Paulding, field rna· er with the leaftet about the Tulalip School tron, of his experiences in getting to America and what is being done there. wben tbe war began, says the Nez Perce Ie­ Sincerely, dian, printed at the Nez Perce Agency, JAY DINSMORE. Idabo. We quote from his letter: "I landed in New York October!, after I hac New York Wants IndiaD Warehouse. spent six months in Europe. I was out of A delegation from the Merchants' Associa­ Germany just two weeks when war was d~ tion. it was announced yesterd8.Y, has laid clared. I felt rather unsafe, although in a before CatoSells, United States Commissioner neutral country. After some weeks in SW~ of Indian Affairs, in Washington, a protest den, I went to Copenhagen, capital of Den" against the proposed abolition of the ware­ mark, and there I ran out of funds. I had (, house in tbis city which purchases supplies for do the bes t I could until the next morning. the Indians. The retention of all the present I was advised to go to the American legation. warehouses was urged by the committee, but, so next morning I went, and found the plae! provided a change was dep,med necessary. it all flgbtafter I had walked two or threebou", was urged that the warehouse in this city be Just as Soon as I walked in tbey knew I w" spared. au American Indian, and they fixed ever)" The warehouses through which supplies are thmg all right for me. bought for the 1ndians are in New York. "I had to wait ten days for the steamer Chicago, Omaha, St. Louis and San Francisco. All of tbe tickets had been sold and it looked" The Indian appropriation bill passed by the if I wou ld have to stay in Denmark forsom~ House of Representatives provided that no time, but finally they found a place for me. part of the appropriation should be used for partly by I>aying for a tbird-class passage maintaining Indian warehouses. As this and partly by working. We leftCopenhageD would bave abolished all warehouses, the bill on tbe 17th of September, going north by WI) was amended in the Senate so as to cut out of ChrIStIana, Norway, and afteraday'sstop two of tbe five warehouses, giving the Com­ went to another town to load up. I was sO mis~ioner of Indian Affairs discretion as to tIred I didn't have any interest in seeing the which should go. town or the COUntry. I wanted to get bac' The attention of Commissioner Sells was to the good old U. S. A. called to the fact that New_York is the great­ "Finally We set sail and left tbe last to'" est buying and selling market in the country; in Norway late in the evening ofthe 18th. Th' that tbe selling and purchasing agencies of next day We Were in the Nortb 8ea. The all the most important business COncerns in wea~her was so rough that the waves w e~t? the United States are stationed here; that as bIg as big buildings. People had to staYUl active competition and the lowest prices were t~eirdcabins, for the water was splashing O\'e: assured here. The delegation of merchants t. e ecks. People commenced to get se also asked that, besides retaining the New SIck, but that did not last long. Next day York warehouse, the IndianCommissionshould ~e were hn the main ocean and had much ~:; er weat er. I commenced to feel safe a open bids and samples in Washington instead wetl:assect the North Sea for the sea is so,,~ of in St. Louis. Cbicago or Omaha, as is the WI mUles. We had th; good luck not e" present custom. to see any of the battl h' I had ex~t· ehd to See either Germ:~ :;.S. English battl .. Cammissioner Sells reserved his decision.­ SIpS. Tribune,. 'ew York City. "Were I de

HIDEST FIGHTERS ARE BEST aTIZENS "is much more complex today than it was at the start. Then the problem was solved by SAYS SECRETARY LANE. sending the Indian across the Mississippi, and it was expected that with liquor and modern ROM a special dispatch in the news civilization they would become extinct as a columns, from Washington, D.C., race by the time the whites had settled that F far West. But we have reached 2000 miles the JOURNAL takes the following item west of them and they are still there in in­ regarding some ofthe policies of Secre­ creasing numbers. Now our problem is to tary Lane. The information was sent assimilate them into our citizenship. out from the. Washington office of "And a most desirable contribution they will be to our citizenship, if properly develop­ the Post-Dispatch: ed. The dislike which many people have for Reservation and tribal Indians are to be the Indian is a dislike not of the real Indian, given the ballot. Secretary Lane has begun but of the crealure tbat has resulted from acting on his newly announced policy of free­ the Government's guardianship over him. ing the Indians from Federal guardianship. "It is interesting to note, too, that the In· Three men are to be appointed by tbe Secre­ dians who give most promise aTe the ones tary of the Interior to spend tbeir time on who fougbt us the bard est in the early days. reservations investigating and reporting upon The so· called Iwickedest' Indian, such 35 the Indians ready for citizenship. These men Apache, tbe Navajo and tbe Sioux, will make will report through the Indian Bureau, and the best citizen because he bas the most am­ the Interior Department will pass upon the bition, the greatest initiative, the most in­ cases as rapidly as possible. Individual Indi­ dustry. H ans will tbus be admitted to citizensbip as It is proposed to convert tbe Bureau of In­ fast as it seems clear that they are equipped dian Affairs into a co-operative educational to protect themselves. It is believed that institution, reducing to a minimum the elee· before long tbe Creek and Cherokee Nations mosynary side of its work and its trust func­ will become full citizens of tbe United States. tions, on the theory that it is net so important The difference between this new policy and to conserve the wealth of a people as to de­ the old is that heretofore Indians bave been velop their capacity for independence. given citizenship on their application, but More teacbers will be wanted, and fewer now the Government is to take the initiative lawyers; teachers with enthusiasm and sym­ and to hand the Indian bis citizenship papers pathy, not learned but wise-teacbers who when he is ready for them wbetber be applies are helpers and farmers, who may not know for them or not. how to write ideal reports, but who do know Pew Indians know that tbere is a law ad­ how to trust and secure trust. An Indian mitting them to citizenship on application. cannot be made to do things, it is assumed, Most of them are not ready for it. For tbis but be can be led, and it is the purpose under reason Secretary Lane believes tbat tbe Gov­ the new policy to control less and help more. ernment ought to take the lead. It should Paternalism is to give way to fraternalism. decide when an Indian is ready to take care It is deemed desirable to protect tbe Indi­ of himself and tbere-upon see tbat he does it. ans' property from tbose who would despoil The argument against tbe policy is that to it, but infinitely more importaut to tbe IndI­ separate the Indians from Government pro­ ans to learn how to earn a dollar by an hon­ tection, unless most wisely done, would put est day's work. It is not expec:ed that tbe them a t the mercv of a horde of unscrupulous I dian will rise to independeoC'e WIthout stum­ attorneys and otb~s wbo seek to rob tbem of ~ng, but it is tbougbt be will gain confidence their property, again making tbe Indian.5 pub­ through each experieoc~. . . lic changes. The Secretary's answer to this "In teaching the Indians to be mdustrlOus is that be will endeavor to see that it is wise­ we must exercise wisdom," said Secretary ly done. He admits that some may be fleec­ "We must adapt tbem to work for L ed in tbe experiment, but insists that it is ane. I d· h· b they are best fitted. The farmer n 1- better to let the Indian go bis way to success w IC • W h hould be taught mecbamcs. eave or to destruetion than to keep alive in him ans .10000000 on irrigation for the ldin - spen t .p, , . fi d tbe belief that be always is to remain a ward ans. where it was spent among Indians tte of the Government. for'irrigation farming it was well spent, but "The Indian problem," said the Secretary, • 312 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

much of it was wasted. You might as well 't does with other put a cIty man on a farm as an unfitted IndI­ ment to deal witb peyote as \ . the Indian an; or you might as well expect a horse cab deleterious drugs, and to aut 0"'\ does the driver to start running a taxicab without ex­ Department to probibit itsIusetatstle always I" Hampton os 1 U , perience, as to expect an Indian who is acc~s­ use of Iquor.. e ofthe IndIan, deeply interested mthewelfar d I res tbe tomed to dry farming to succeed at irrigatIOn and especially in IndIan youth, ep 0 '0 without in3truction and experience." fact that so many young m~in ahn dIdeals women, when ~ promising and wIth such g b de- Yuma's OUtiDf Sy~tem. they leave school, allow thems~l:e:::es e de. At the Yuma school the field matron has luded, weakened, and In so It is witb charge of the outing girls, of whom there bauched by the use of the drug. the resolu. are thirty-flveemployed in the town of Yuma keen satisfactIOn that we Indorse . g peyote and in Los Angeles. The lowest wages paid tioD of Mohonk Conference con~~r m nCo mm i s, are three dollars a month, which the girl at and note that tho Board of In tan tion and the school club receives for part time services. sioners, the Indian Rights Ah s.so~nlafluen'ce to Of those employed elsewhere, the lowest frIends. at large are u sing t elr 1 I ble fact wage is $5.00 per month; the highest,$20. secure Its. prOhl. 'b't' 1 Ion. It is a dep ora "11.ting In addition to the outing work, the field that there should have bee n a iblevael f or the matron conducts the domestic cottage, giv­ policy in the past. ~ t IS respo:: the deatb ing stated period to teaching the school girls delusion, the rumabon, and ev h t the Fed. plain cooking, laundering and sewing. On of many an Indian. We plead ~h~S problem Thursday afternoons, which is the lIafter_ eral Government deal WIth Work. noon off" for the outing girls in town, a spe­ promptly and e!feetIVe. Iy. -Southern cial demonstration is given of certain dishes. man. Four reservation wornen take part with the Court Rulinr on Indiln Tintion. outing girls in this demonstration. The articles made in the cottage during the Tax exemptions on allotted I ndia n land'DS run in last year include its hand woven rugs; 12 only so long as tI. t Ieo t the . land remat'roper. tencilled curtains; a stencilled bed set; 6 the original allottee, acco rdmg to anb'I' I lly of hemstitched towels; 10 chambray dresses; 8 tant opinion deahng. WI. th tbe taxa Ie court aprons; 24 French hemmed napkins; 6 hand Indianland, which was gIven. In. supremE Riddie. hemmed tablecloths; 2 dresser scarfs and 3 Tuesday morning by JustIce F' the county special dresses, E. The opinion is given In the case 0 f rnmis- treasurer and the bo ar d a f county Coco rn • - sioners of Okmulgee county versus eli P"ott lnd tht Indians. Sweet and others. . tes pur- In this issue of the SOuthern Workman ap­ Cornelia Sweet and her assocla part of pears one of the addresses delivered at the I t h'ch were a chased some town 0 s W ~ Creek freed- Mohonk Confer.nce on the phYSiological and tbe allotment to Sarah SmIth, a, es on physical effects of peyote Or "mescal," and woman They refuse d to pay the taxxeDlpt the alarming rapidity with Which the use of the property,. contendIng. t h a t I't deali was nge with this drug is spreading among the Indians. under various acts of congress Other articles have appeared in various allotment of land to Indians. through periodicals calling the attention of the Indians It was found tbat the Smith woman't l'ctioo S and their friends to the deleterious e!fectsof the proper procedure, h a d all . res e rri or to this drug. Dr. Murphy, Supervisor of the removed from her land some tIm Pnd her medical department of the Indian Bureau, has the conveyance to Co rne r1 8 Sweet ahen the published an illuminating article based upon associates. Tbe court held t~a~~ deeded his own knowledge and observation. The exemptions were removed and t e f os were Journal of the Society of American Indians in to Cornelia Sweet the tax exemp 10 the June number of this year gave the subject removed. . t reverses most practical comment. The J ournal of re­ The opinion of the hIgher cour ' which ligious psycbology also contained a valu.ble the district court of Okmulgee coutl ~re still contribution on the J>eYotecult in Winnebago, held the tax exemptions on the Ian w Nebraska. The Indian Bureau, too, bas eol­ in e!feet.-Oklahoman. leeted mucb valuable data. The time has come for the F ederal Govern_ Do NOT forget to see that ),our subscriP­ded 10. tion to the J OURSAL is properly atten THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 313 COMMENTS ON THE COMMISSIONER'S bureau upon a sound economic and more efficient basis. To impro\'e the schooling, the health, ANNUAL REPORT. and the social condition of the red man, to con­ serve fo r him his grazing lands and water rights, E herewith give some pertinent to make him a better farmer, show him how to W press comment on the last an nual avoid waste, and to see that he bas justice in the report of the Commissioner of Indian courts and in his everyday relations with his fel­ Affairs: low-Americans , has been the task that the In­ J Guardian in Fact. dian Affairs bureau has set itself, and on which it has made an excellent start. Friends of the Indian discussed with much Mr. Sells seems to have been just the man to satisfaction the address of Cato Sells, Commis­ make a big job out of one that had formerly sioner of Indian Affairs, at the annual meeting lacked much of the dignity and importance with of the Indian Rights Association last Friday which he has invested it. Before his work i! evening. M. K. Sniffen, secretary ofthe associa­ done, it is evident that we shall be in a fair way, tion, when questioned on the ~ubject, said: as Secretary Lane recently put it, to "cast the "The most striking feature of Commissioner full burden of independence and responsibility Sell s' administration is his determination to be upon an increasing number of the Indianl of all a guardian in fact for the Indians under his tribes."-Dispatcb, Davenport, Iowa. care. This was strikingly illustrated by the commissioner's review of a few of the many matters that have engaged his attention. For Teaching the India1l.r. instance, an irrigation system was authorized by The advance copies of the report of the bureau Congress for the Flathead Reserntion in Mon­ of Indian affairs covering the period from J Diy tana at a cost of 86,000,000, to be charged against. 1. 1913, to June 30, 1914. have been distributed those Indians. As their tribal property is only to the press. This covers practically the first valued at $.>,000,000 they would, under these rear's incumbency of Commissioner Cato Sells. schemes, be in debt to the Government for an It outlines what he has accomplished in this one additional million dollars. ,-ear and indicates something of what he hopes "The commissioner's stand on the liquor ques· to achieve during his administration of the office. tion was brought out in his reference to the There appears through it the controlling ambi­ Osages in Oklahoma. These Indians are the tion of Commissioner Sells to promote the indus­ wealthiest people in the United States, and there trial activities of the Indian population, and if is a quarterly per capita payment amounting to there should be selected a predominant feature "271,000. Heretofore the 'bootlegger' and of his administration, it might be the promotion others always have been on hand when these of industry in its various forms, without. neglect. payments were made, and many of the Indians however, to the other important reqmrements promptly would be relieved of their money. of education, health and moral uplifting.-San - The present quarter Commissioner Sells withheld ta Fe, New ~Iexican. payment until he had received 'ironclad' agree· ments from the town and county officials of A Big Thillg. Pawhuska and vicinity, that the liquor laws would be rigidly enforced."-The Philadelphia One of the biggest things accomplished by Ledger . Commissioner Sell;;:; is what might ~ termed a . alion relative to the probating of the reorgaDlz Th Our Workfor the I"diaM. estates of minor Indians in Oklahom~. e commissioner belieHs that the next Legislature The annual report of Cato Sells, commissioner will enact laws in harmony wit~ these probate of Indian affairs, shows that the ex·Iowan is at. d that permanent protection of the prop' ru~UI d Cb· the head of a lot of activities on behalf of the na­ 'an minors will be assure.- TlS­ ertyo f I nld tion's wards. Evidently the day is past when tiRn Science 1I00itor, Boston, ~[8.S.'!. We may refer to "La, the poor Indian," for Lo could. buyout the ayerage white man and then TRE JorlL.>t;"AL is always very glad. to get new.s hate COnsiderable money left to invest eL;;ewhere. . f ther schools and &gencle- for pnbh­ The Commissioner's report shows that the Items rom 0 ..bed . E .....+hingof interest Wlll bepubhs t endeavor to get the Indian's viewpoint and to cahon. ver) ..... 'th . ·t employees to C90perate wl us act on his behalf from it rather than the white and we 100 e ed Inan ' h . the service might be benefit . s as opened the way to placing the Indian that 0 th ers 10 314 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

SOME NEWS ITEMS FROM THE TONGUE Patrick Spotted wolf Und) Line me: Wm. Bigheadman Ond) Line rider RIVER AGENCY. Robt. LitUeWolf Und) Line rid!!' Paul Wolfname Ond) Line rid!!' HE following items are gleaned rom a letter Deyo Spang (lnd) Line rid!!' Eugene Standingelk Ond) Woods Forema.n T received from Superintendent John A. F. C. Paisley Lahorer (Crow Agen(11 Buntin, lately of Shawnee Agency, Oklahoma, Eugene Fisher (lnd) StocklJWl who has been promoted and tran ... rerred to Harriet B. Hagle Nurse (Busby. Monl) Tongue River Agency. )Iontana. )lr. Buntin Wilbert M. Barnhart Fa rmer (BushY, Monl) John Blackwolf (Ind) in the more than twenty year:; that he has been Chief of PolKe Chas. Scalpcane Ond) Police Printt in the Indian Service has made a most enviable Wm. Twofeather (Indl Police Print! record and his assignment to the important work Jno. Tallwhiteman (Ind) Police Prh.. ,t at Tongue River is a de-;en'ed recognition of Frank Lightning (lnd) Police Privatt ability and devotion to duty. Andrew Whitehawk Und) Police Pri;,!t Victor Littlechief lind} Police Pri,.. tt There are lBl Northern Cheyenne Indiam Wm . Russel (IDd) Police Prinit located on a re:-enation ~s by 30 miles. The Robt. Yellowfox Und ) Police Pri,'.tr Tongue River Boarding &'hool i~ louted e i ~ht­ Frank Littlewolf (Ind , Police printt Wm. Littlewolf ODd) teen miles from the .\~en('y. Beside-. the Board­ Police printt Chas. Litttesun (IDd) ing School there are two Day Schook Police Private Tom Sioux Ond) Police Pri,.. tt Stock raising i~ the chief indu!IItry. There are Richard Woodenleg (lnd) Judit probably no better pa"ture lands in the Xorth­ Wandering Medicine (Ind) Judi!' Bert Elliott west tban are found on this reservation. [t i'l Line rider (Busby, Mont.!

not uncommon to c;hip four-year-old steer.. whi(,h ScH(HII. E.'If'I.OYEES have ne,Ter been fed that will weigh from fou r­ John B. Batson Principal Busby, Monl. teen to fifteen hundred pound". Ruth MCAnulty Teacher (Temp) . , Winter wheat, oalc;, barlt"y. potatoes and all Fern Bentley Teacher f,{arden vegetables do well in the little vallep. Nellie M. SUllivan (lnd) Matron Ella E. Mantle Assl Matron The X orthern Cheyennes of this re!;en-ation L. Mabel Grimme Seam. & Laundress lue a dh'j<;ion of the oriJ:dnal tribe of Cheyenne Raymllnd I. Davis Engineer ,. IndialliO. It appear.. that they became di\"ided Chas. MiCkleright Laborer and that the remainder of the triht- Jj"e in Clay Rowland CInd) Disciplinarian Mrs.. Clay Rowland (Ind) Cook Oklahoma' under the Darlinftton, Cantonment. Kenneth D. Walk (I d) Labo ' . , . R If E . er n rer 1) Seger Colony. and Red :\Ioon ~gencie:-. The a - Cherrick. Day SchOOl Tt'8cher (Birney, MOD Mrs. Elizabeth M. Cher . k 0 S h T • . ... tatement is made that there are but. few of .Mias Eli rac a. c. ea. • • . the old Iodiam on this reoervdion who did not John!li ~beth.. Jones __ Hou"4!keep.,' • .- fllangis_Day School Teacher (Lamedeer, 6IQor. t! take part in the Cll!ter battle (If 1~jf). Mrs. Llnna M . •• angola Housekeeper The mercury at thb writinf( i'l It; dClfrets ~Iow lero, but on account of the rarity of the atmo.;;­ phere no di'lcomfort i felt. Fertile Ft. 8trthold Rm,vatioD. ."'- 1i4 of the employee-. ofthe Agenry follows: Minot, N. D.-A few years ago the fertile land, of the Berthold Indian reservation "'., usedch·fI· t Ie y for grazmg when the govermeJl John A Buntin ~upt'rintendent opened the land for settlement. New to",n' A,F.C.Greene Chief Clerk up A. J. Cusidy Clerk shPrung and thousands of people occupied Elsie M. Kraji«k FinanciaJ CJt'rk (Temp) t e I~nd- , t urmng . Over the virgin"' SOl 1 a nd Ceo. W. Campbt'll ~~na f • Al'I8t Cll"tk (Temp) . '" corn ortalbe homes_ This vear a Chu. A. Campbell PhJ"ikjan Immense crop was grown and it is e~ timated Wendel1 Cotton Pb,..idan that nearl t '11' . ,,. H. A. Smith LabaTe. k' d Y wo ml IOn bushels of the vano- Lou is Karlin (JmH Blacksmith r~~e:'w'"°r .grain have been marketed from the Wm. !nkIband (Indl ~tablnnan . atton farms this season. Chao. y __ Ond) Int«preter ve;~e B:ush-.lcWiliiams Co. has made an in' Levi 1.. Hmdenon Farmer that ~atlon and gives the following figures C)scar 1l. Waddell Supt Ilf LocKing are Interesting- Cene Postle Farmer r>t'emp) Par,hall 100 000 h I Hiram Ripley Van H' , bus e s. Ditch ridt'r Mak ook, 100,000 bushels. Pina; Sboulderolade lind) Interpreter ThCllllU Ferris PI ob. 400,000 bushels. Supt. of Livestock 12a 1,000,000 bushels. Cbas. Killabicbt (Ind) Line rider Miss Perdue e Field Matron Ryder, which handles considerable of tb tn (Vacant) Field Katron re~ervation g rain, has not been heard fro ye .-Grand Forks (N. D.) Herald. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 315

NEW INDIAN SCHOOL WILL BE BUILT AT the Wichita school. Rev. Walter C. Roe, WIeHIT A. KANSAS. superintendent of the Reformed church In­ dian mission at Colony. Okla I has been a From Wichita Eagle. leader in the movement but he is now deceas­ W ICHITA'S importance as an education- ed. The latter's widow, Mrs. Roe, Henry al center is to be greatly augmented by Roe Cloud and E. E. Lindquist, secretary of an Indian school which is to be established in the Haskell Institute Y. M. C. A., at Law­ this city in the near future, by millionaire rence, Kan., visited Wichita at the direction philanthropists. The school, which will be of the board of directors last July for the the only institution of its kind in the United purpose of conferring with A. A. Hyde, presi­ States, probably will be located in the east­ dent of the Mentholatum company and to in­ ern section of .the city, near Fairmount col­ vestigate the city's advantages for the lege. The sum of $50,000 will be available to school. Mr. Hyde was leaving for Colorado at build and start the school. Representatives the time and they did not remain. of the founders have yisited Wichita and this They returned to Wichita in September and city has been officially designated as the log­ with Mr. Hyde inspected the city, later re­ Ical place to locate tbe institution. The do­ porting conditions to the hoard of directors. nation of a campus of 20 acres has been ask­ When the board met at Lake Mohonk in Oc­ ed of Wichita citizens, and 70 lots have been tober the members voted to locate the school offered by local property owners. The repre­ in Wichita. sentatives will again \"isit Wichita next week. A number of other cities were considered The movement which has resulted in the but Wichita was selected because of its ed­ forming of definite plans to establish the ucational atmosphere, its railroad facilities, school in Wichita, originated at the Lake Mo­ its moral elements, its proximity to Oklahoma honk Conference, in the state of New York where many of the students will come from, Th· . e conference IS held each year andisattend- and because ot its geographical location near ed by persons who are interested in education­ the center of the United States. The ohject al and philanthropic affairs. The condition of of the founder is to educate the Indians so they the Indian, the negro and others, is discussed will return to their homes and prove an in­ and Cons!'d ered by members of the conference fluence in the elevation of their race. with a'view t·0 Improvmg . them. In contem- In addition to the 20-acre campus which plating the condition of the Indian methods citizens will donate, the board desires an for elevating the race were sough;. At the option on a SO-acre tract of land located near ~overnment Indian schools the students are the school and which will be used for garden­ Instructed in branches only as high as the ing purposes. Mr. Hyde referred the campus elgh th grade. project to a committee of citizens, of which When the average Indian boy completes the E. M. Leach, city commissioner, is chairman. course in these institutions he is from 18 to Other members of the committee, each of 22 year; old and he refuses to attend a high whom has donated land for the campus, are School with persons much younger. As a re­ Mr. Hyde, Mayor W. J. Babb, Robert J. sult he returns to his tribe without enough ed- Campbell, Jesse Scanlon, Frank Schuler, I. Ucation t t d . . 0 ex en any mfluence toward ele- E. Martin, Walter Henrion, Mason Nevins, vatlUg the race. In order to provide an in­ Thomas Carr, Mr. Hibarger, A. E. Sweet and stItution at hi h th I . h W c e ndlan may prepare Mrs. Hattie Tillinghast. t emselves in the higher branches to attend The hoard of directors required that the College th d . . T ,e aca emy here IS to be proVIded. campus be located with a commanding view he school is intended to do for the Indian because Indians insist upon being situated on What th B k . the I e 00 er Washington school does for a hill, Mr. Hyde states. The 70 lots which co ored race. have been donated for the purpose are located t The movement has been discussed for sever­ in the northeast part of the city on Fair­ :h Years and it received impetus recently when mount hill. e results of education evident in a brilliant In addition to Henry Roe Cloud, Winnebago Young W' b . . Inne ago IndIan Wlth the adopted Indian, being at the head of the school. Mr. nalOe of H I enry Roe Cloud, were bronght to Lindquist will serve as principal. A number tb e attenf f . . Ion 0 the board of directors. He of Indian boys have already pledged them­ IS saId to b selves to be students at the Dew instit.ution. U 't e the best educated Indian in the nledStta es and he wdl- be at the head of In the treasury at present are funds amount- 316 THE INDI AN SCHOOL JOURNAL~ABOUT INDIANS

ing to $5,000, and the founders will provide IHE TULAill TOTEM-POLE LfGENDS. $50,000 to huy land and construct buildings. Mrs. Roe, M:. Cloud and Mr. Lindquist A year or so ago the Indians at the Tul.lip wIll arrIve III Wichita this week to consider reservation set up a totem pole. Tha t event further transactions in connection with the was of only passing interest to those who take project. The founders desire that several the tourist view of the native. To them a to­ Wichita citizens serve as members of the tem pole is merely a curiosity, so mething to board of directors of the institution. Mr. set up in a museum with mummies. They do Hyde has been invited to serve in such a ca­ not realize that their own ancestors centuries pacity, but he has not yet accepted. ago wrote their histories and expressed their Among the men interested in the school hopes and fears of things temporal and spirit· are William E. Sweet, a Denver capitalist ual in just such a grotesque fasbion as the the president of the HUdson river line of boat~ Indians interpret themselves in the crude at New York City, and Mr. Peairs, head of characters of the totem pole. the Indian educational division of tbe Depart- This pole at Tu lalip is more of an achieve­ ment of the Interior at Wash'tng t on. Th ese ment than may appear at a glance. It wa; me~J and 17 other persons prominent in the carved by William Shelton, who has further UnIted States, form the board M f distinguished himself and his people by writ· th '11' . any 0 em are .ml Ion aires,. Mr H y d e says. ing in good English "Totem Legends of the A meetmg was held at the office of Com- Northwest Country, JJ a very enterta ining lit­ missioner Leach Thursda . . tle book, neatly printed by Indian studentSO! time th I ts y evenmg at wblch e 0 were pledged. the Chilocco school. In this book the author gives the legends which he collected and carved for his own people on the totem pole, A Chrislmas Card. . "I The Oklahoman is in . In the preface William Shelton says. card from Indian rec.el~t of a Christmas am an Indian of forty-five years past," and

o h d Comm}ssloner Cato Sells wh IC rea s: relates how at 18 years old he went to t~~ whi te man's school took up the white man:l Open-armed the red Pale-faced pilgri man .welcomed employments and 'ponder~d his philosophy Greetings glad as ~ to hIs shore; And good will f 1/\ I send YOU, and religion, Le, us ,. • Orever more snvetohel h' . A striking example of an Indian'S disce.ro­ Greed. and naft . p. t I,S brother­ Let us seek his lod InJUBtIce, ce:ase; ment of fundamentals is contained in his sun­ Let us smoke h' ge. of cOllncll: pie statement. Th 18 Pipe of peace e verses are by M . "I got so I could see that the white people" a sentiment which' rs. Sells, but embody advice was pretty near the same thing as th: dian commissioner' IS tcharact erlzmg " th e I n- S Indians' J and that I must try to do roy wor~ tion's wards at th a titude toward the na- IS time W k right; not to cheat but to be square and trY , t~O region under the su . e now of no to get along. I sa w right there that tbe c~uld, with more pro;t Where this sentiment races were pretty near alike, on ly that our nght here in Okl h ,take deeper root than a oma Ed·t· . people don't understand the Enl(lish languag' homan, Oklahoma Ci .- I onal m Okla- ty, Oklahoma. and the ruling of the good friends. There. I' ~-- a broken link between my race and tbe whit; PreJ" Indian-­ l b people. So I thought I better look back and a or. During the salmon fish' talk to the older people that are living an son in British Columb' lng and canning sea­ try to explain our history by getting their tll" 'ke terns and carve them out on the poles II I' dians are employed inl~: large number of In­ ent of the canneries each e dIfferent branches used to be years ago." And so Shelton sP Ie expert fishermen and Year. The Indians are much time preparing and carving the po are . I as employees in the b especIa Iy desirable which he supplements with the hook . women and old men of USlDe~s. The Indian Those who may be incli ned to scoff at th~ canneries While the abl the tnbe work in the sUperstitious element of the totems shO~e fishing. The duties of t~-bodled men do the consider that the strong belief and faith of h' h fo~ sist mainly of washin g e Indian women con­ W lte .man in mascots is only anot er. If for cooking and canni the fish in preparation of belIef in a "guardian angel/' and SIOlP, the most efficient for ~~" They are, it is said a crude expression of faith in spiritual ph:' n~ry work of any prOe IS branch of the can­ namena that has existed in all peoples, s~ _ Ville (Kans.) Journal. Utable labor.-Coffee- age and civilized.-Seattle (Wash. ) post- P teillgencer. THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL- ABOUT INDIANS 317

!I;!fi!fi!fi!fj!fi!R.fi!Rli!fi!li!fi!fi!li!fi!fj!fi!fi!fj!fi!fi!fi!li!fi!fi!li!fi!fi!li that snow covered the ground. An additional pleasure, brought to many of OUT students, Chiloceo Items of News was the presence of some of their people. !I;!fi!fi!l;!fi!fi!R.fi!Rli!fi!li!fi!fi!fi!fi!fj!fi!fi!fj!fi!fi!fj!fi!fi!fi!li!fi!fj!fi many of whom came up to spend several days with their children here. Miss Esther Allen spent the holidays at the school with her parents. A gospel team class for the training of vol­ Mr. and Yrs. William Moses entertained a unteer workers was organized at the Chilocco few of their friends in their rooms in Home school November 24. There were between One on the evening of December twenty­ twenty and thirty who signed up for member­ ninth. ship. This class meets weekly to go over points helpful in conducting gospel-team work. Miss Mary Leeds, an old Chilocco student Short talks are given by members and valu­ who is now li ving in Albuquerque, N. Mex ., able training is received from the discussions. writes the JOURNAL that she is doing nicely The class expects to send out several gospel and often thinks of "Dear Old Chilocco." teams this year.-The Haskell Institute Y. Dr. Harry B. Fralic, who has been resident M. C. A. Bulletin. physician at Chilocco for several months past, Mr. C. H. Fenstermacher, secretary of the resigned last month and has taken up prac­ Y. M. C. A., Muskogee, Okla., conducted the tice in Mount Holley, Pa. Sunday evening meeting at the Chilocco In­ Our printing instructor, Mr. E. K. Miller, dian school November 6. His talk was along left January eleventh for San Francisco to the line of clean sports, clean speech and clean assume the responsibilities of installing the living. Mr. Fenstermaeheris a great worker Government' S Indian Exhibit at the Panama­ with boys, having been one of the first men Pacific In ternational Exposition. in Oklahoma to successfully carry out the The hasket ban team composed of Chilocco community work idea. The boys at Chilocco assistants defeated the team which won tbe appreciated this visit very much, according trophy cup in our recent shop series. The to reports from that quarter.-The Haskell game was played December twenty-ninth and Institute Y. M. C. A. Bulletin. caused much interest and en thusiasm. The members of the carpenter shop and The JOUR"AL learns that George Selkirk department of engineering band together once a.nd Katherine Beauleau were recently mar­ each year and act as hosts to their friends. rIed at Milhank, South Dakota, and will live This year their reception was given on the at Sisseton Agency, South Dakota, where evening of December twenty-eight. The George has a good position. We wish these gym was appropriately decorated, as usual, two old Chilocco students success and happi­ and the two-hundred guests spent a very ness. pleaEant social evening. Dancing, games, The sad news of the death of Jesse Birds­ music and a menu consisting of oyster stew, head, December 5, at his home near Canton, crackers, olives, pickles. ice cream, cake, ns­ Oklahoma, comes to us from his brother biscos, doughnuts and coffee, furnished the Webster. Jessegraduated with class of 1911 evening's entertainment. and eVer since has been a useful member of the Community in which he lived. His chris­ E. K. Mill" Goes to frisco. tIan character made him a leader for good, The Traveler learns from an authentic and he is greatly missed by many friends. source that Cata Sells, commissioner of In­ d. The band concert, given hy the Chilocco In­ dian affairs, has commissioned E. K. Miller C~n Band under the direction of Director of the Chilocco Indian School. to take charge arIes Addington on the evening of Decem­ of the installation of the United States In­ ber tho Ch. my. first, was a pleasant feature of dian Exbibit to be made at the Panama-Pacif­ "simas week. Our band is a thing which ic International Exposition at San Francisco. OOt only helps in the training of our students, Mr. Miller's orders are to report for duty at but a· . . n InstitUtIon which adds amusement and Frisco January 15th. Mr. Sells made a most entertainment throughout tbe school year. excellent selection. He could have found no The h I·da hetter man than Mr. Miller to bandle a prop­ 01 ys held many a pleasant bour for °furl,tudent body. There was a real Christmas osition of this kind. Mr. Miller is a man who eelDgpreva Ient owmg . to the fact that we always delivers the goods.-Arkansas City Were fortunate enough to have skating and (Kansas) Daily Traveler. IGJ f=:~CHOO~, A~ENCY 'AN ~C::::'F=I=EL =D::XO::::l

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Iodiios' Comfort is Coosidtrtd. power to conciliate t he friendship of the I. Indian Supervisor Dana H. Kelsey, during dians, generally, towards the United Stat,; the past rew weeks has inaugurated some and to encourage a peaceable and friendly dj, new ideas in the Metropolitan building which position among themselves. No trader sh ... are being carried out, much to the con ven­ be allowed to sell or dispose of any ardet' Ience of the Indians who are compelled to spirits among tbem, nor be allowed to har visit the Indian offices. There are now drink­ any at their trading stations. You wiil, b. cups and a barrel of ice water on each fioor. precept and example, teach tbe Indians ,"' The cups are sanitary, being made of paper of the arts of agriculture and domestic m... so that they can be used but once. There ufactures as your situation will admit." are also toilet rooms maintained for Indian garden should be established for the m'" men and (or Indian women. Signs are print­ useful vegetables, and nurseries planted.-it ed on the wall in all of the Indian languages fruit trees for the purpose of distributiili telling on what floors these rooms are to be the most useful seeds and trees among sUG found. of the chiefs as will take care to cultiva! This is of great convenience to the Indians them. The cultivation of potatoes ought I especially the full-bloods, many of who"; be immediately introduced into your of' come here and sit for a day at a time in the garden, and the Indians shou ld be encou",g~ hallways of the Indian offices. It is under­ to CU ltivate them as an important article tJi stood that in the near future long comfort­ food, and the sUbstitute for bread." _ Keoku• able benches will be placed in the halls for (la.) Gate City News. the Indians to sit upon . . Another thing in connection with the In­ R,port About C.Dad.', Indi.",. dian work this year is the large increase in attendance in the Indian schools. This is the Ottawa, Can.-That Canada's Indian P"" result of the vigorous enforcement of the ulation is growing smaller year by year is d' " compulsory school laws, and the interest Icated by the annual report of the Depa ment of Indian Affairs issued to-day. Ther' taken by the Indian supervisor and his force mcompelling the children togo to school. If are now 100,000 aborigines in tbe coun~ry VI a guardian now applies for money for his ward which is a decrease of 2, 716 sinc~ thepr. ,"', he has a hard time getting it unless he can year. The decrease in population appears· show a teacher's certificate that his ward is have been principally in the West, Dntor'" regularly attending school. Indians haVing increased by 342 and those" be This is also in line with recommendations Quebec having added 93 to their num ', made by the Oklahoma Indian Educational TuberCUlosis is still t he Redman'S gre.'" A"'leiation. - Yuskogee (Okla.) Democrat. foe, in spite of all that sanitation c.n do. The report shows that Canada'S lndi.n~ ulation produced agricultural products , •• 10 . Fir!'>t low .. Indiaa A(tDt. at $1,856,424, an increase of $208, 508, the.~. ~H~olas Boilvin was the first Indian agent crease In grain prod uction alon e being ~ appointed by the United States government 950 bushels. Indians hold real and persop' especially for the Indians of the Iowa country, property aggregating $46,5110.000, or an ~. accordIng to a writer in a recent pub1ication nual increaseof$7,292,407._Toronto EmP' . of the State Historical Society of Iowa. Boil­ v," was appointed in April, 1806, and his post Anothtr Intoxicating' Liq uor. was near the present site of Montrose in Lee b TI"~ apal, the Intoxicant manufactured .of c)unty. The following are amOl1g the in­ Indians that gave a session of the federal ,"", structions which he received from the secre­ tary of war; In this city several months ago much ,,"or\ took up much of tbe time of tbe sessioP • "You will make every exerti~n in your Globe, according to James J. Murphy, ,,,..- THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 319

MR. GABE E. PARKER. Formerly Superintendent Armstrong ~Ble Academy. Choctaw Nation, later Registt:r United StateS Treasun' and now Superintendent Union Ageney with an Eastern OK lahoma his field.

President Impressed With Indi.ln fdition. tary to the United States Attorney Thomas A . FI yon, who has Just' returned from' Globe, William J, Kershaw, who has returned from where the session ended Saturday, Washington, where, with sixty members of There were eight convictions of Indians for the Society of American Indians, he presented selJing tul apat't 0 t h'elr red brothers. The sales a memorial to President Wilson asking for oCcurred'In an d around the Fort Apache reser- legislation which would make the lot of the v a t'lon ,-Phoenix (Ariz,) Gazette, Indian easier, says that the President seemed to be impressed and promised to give the re­ Departmcct Helps Prohibition. quest serious consideration.-Milwaukee (Wis) Wisconsonian, it The Beml 'd" JI, Mmnesota,, Pioneer is author- BY lor the statement that the county iail of Miss Ida Vorum, financial clerk at the eltrami county, located in that city is emp- Santa Fe School, has been transferred to the ty for the fi t t' , ' , . rs Ime In seven years while the office 01 the Chief Special officer for the sup­ ", city po rIce authorities. . of that city 'announced pression of the liquor traffic at Denver. °thn December 16th that since December 2nd e fa 'I' ml lar character known as the "jag" The Board of Indian Commissioners recom­ hfad been absent from the city J'ail and that mends extension of the Civil Service to include or twel d ' th ' ve ays no arrests had been made by employes working among the Five Civilized e Clty authorities. Prohibition is being en­ I tribes. Only the farmers' positions now have " t oldarced I' in th'IS City, under the provisions of an a Civil Serdce status. ndlan treaty, by the Indian Department. • 320 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

SOME PRESS COMMENTS ON SECRETARY statute which significantly em powers the secrt­ LANE'S REPORT. tary of the interior to do t his in individual case! That authority, IS'd a eq ua t e. And as soon as ,the machinery of administration can be set in mohoo, OLLOW ING the JOURNAL publishes I intend to use such authori ty, If year by year some editorial comments on the last F a few from each of the trl'b es can be made, h_ annual report of Secretary Lane, stand altogether upon their, ow n a' :e t , wewdlll< which sbows the attitude of the press of adding to the dignity of the In d'I an rac e• andto tbe country concerning the administra­ their nlue as citizens," t d tion's policies in the conduct of' affairs The bureau of Indian affa irs is to be conver,e Indian: into a great co-operative educa tl' anaI, I' ,n stituboDbe Seaetmy Lane Discusses f or young and old, " re d uC'lOg t 0 a mlDlmurn t _ Vital Prob/ems. eleemosynary side of the wor k and 'ts I trU'l"t fune" tions II for to Mr, Lane's way of t hIn' k'm' g It"th Annual reports of cabinet officers are usually not so' important to conserve the wea Ith o,f d e not imriting either in title or a.ppearance. They people as to develop the'ir capac'I)t , for In e- suggest plain, hard facts and cold statistics. pendence.-Tacoma (Wash,) Ledger. But when you open these dry-looking volumes and read and reflect a little you may discover Lo, the Rich Indian. that vital subjects are presented in a fascinating way. You may discover that the writer has a For the most part they are wa rd S in cbaocen,II . fine vision of improved government and, in the federal government belOg' tbe chance h'o rh, the routine of official duty. has been sustained They live in large part on resen'a t'10 os, W 1(' , and invigorated by ideals. These thoughts are little more than expan d ed an d per haps someh " come to one after reading the annual report of what idealized orphan IlSY I urns, They "' Franklin K. Lane, secretary ofthe interior, who, lands aggregating in extent 109. 160 s q~8 re by the way, was formerly a resident of Tacoma, miles, or a territory equal to th a t of MatoU:it , Secretary Lane thinks clearly. Not only that, New Hampshire. rermon,! t 'I' assachuse", nd He writes clearly and entertainingly, There is Rhode Island, Kent'ucky an d V'Irg ima 'Morea a literary quality in his annual report, and par­ worth, by rough estimate, 8600,000,000. ' di ticularly in the part that presents the case of the than two-thirds of thi~ land is now held asdslDl.~ American Indian, In this and other features vidual farms, the un allotted or trl'b a I Ian 000-'" Secretary Lane shows a sympathetic interest in ing e!timated as worth not less thaD ggOO, . the problems of the West and of Alaska that 000, b fu Il ..lu , springs from first-band knowledge, rather than If an appraisement were made of te l d ~ from remote theorizing. of the timber lands and of the oil and coal an ~d The passing of the Cherokee nation of Indians and added to this was the value a fth e herds'k aD I f who have been lifted as American citizens to fuJI personal property of the Indians, it is h -~th fellowship with their civilized conquerors, is OCca­ that tbey would be found to have a weathe sion for :\Ir. Lane'.;. discll5sion of the Indian approximating $900,000,000, In moneys, 'ba 1 problem, lilt takes hold upon the imagination treasury of the United States has trust or, trl the and the memory," says Mr. L ane, "arouses funds approximating 850,000,000, while 10 ' t~' dreams of the day when the Indian shall be banks throughout the country there IS, depO' l taleu whoUy blended into our life, lind at the same to the credit of the I ndians under governmeD time dra\nl the mind backward alter the stum­ control more than ~18,OOO,OOO, rD- bling story of our relationship with him." The function which the 'Vnited Statesgofe rf: Rather than keep ali\'e in the Indian the belief ment is performing for these I nd 'laos is _t ob ca j_ that be is to remain a ward of the government, for their personal welfare, supervise. theIr theirus )'Ir, Lane thinks it would be far better to'le,'er ness affairs, improve their property, hold e all ties between the Indian and the go\'ernment moneys, give education to their children. ~_ and let bim go his own way to succ~ or destruc­ for their sick, protect them from t b'el r eDem1f!lt.rr d tion , It is the secretary's judgment, formed an IDsu' re them agalDst'ta s rva Iion. Secre.h for after carefu l study, that we should henceforth Lane suggests aptly that this is doing ro ue the make a positive and systematic effort to cast the a people who are richer on the average than t.h full hUrden of independence and responsibility majority of our Own people , The rap I'd g rolf._ upon an increasing numberofIndiansofall tribes, and development of the West~r~ ,5 tates_ havof e theIII " 1 find. J, says the secretary. '1 tha t there is a creased correspondingly the cl\'llizatlOn ' 0 Indians until many of them are the eq ual I THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 321 intelligence and business acumen of their white and at the same time draws the mind backward neighbors. The government may well consider over the stumbling story of our relationship with that the time is nearing when they shall ba\'"e a him.' • greater degree of freedom in the conduct of Under the impulse of ~Ir. Lane's ability and enthusiasm the "stumbling story may have new their alfairs. - Pitlshurg (Pa.) Post. chapters of wise and fair dealing on the part of the white man, and an unexpected response on Our Indian PoliiY· tbepart of his red brother.-Dakotall, Yankton, Probably going on the theory that it is betler South Dakota. to take first an unpleasant subject and have done with it, the open pages of the annual report of For the Indi"".' Own Good. the secretary of the interior is devoted to the In the opinion of Secretary Lane, as fast as fede ral policy-or lack of it-in dealing with the government is able, the Indians should be the American Indian. placed on their own responsibility and compeU­ If for no other than for sentimental reasons ed to do for themselves wbat a benevolent but the discussion is of interest, for eyery one sus: unwise government does for them now. He is peets that the "Indian policy" and "Belgium's Dot deceived into thinking that this reform can neutrality" are in the same class, only justified be effected at once, hut by taking the younger by pleading national expedience. Indians, while in school, Mr. Lane believes it T~e secretary does not beg the question. He possible to develop in them those qualities of admIts what e\"ery one knows, that there have self-reliance wbicb will make tbem self-support­ been times when the American Indian has been ing and useful to the community. Certainly the grievowly wronged, both as a tribe and as indi­ ideal is a far more worthy one than the long­ ~duals. He bravely paints the romantic posi­ standing system whereby every element of manli­ tion of the aboriginal occupant of the country ness in the Indian has been undermined, and we whose sovereignty was undisputed and whose wish the secretary the best of success in bis ownership of the continent was admitted and undertaking.-St. Paul (Minn.) Pioneer-Press. ag~i nst this places the prose of our na;ional pohcy. Treatmellt rf India II/!. The Indian problem would have been a diffi­ In the long TUn, both in the United States and cultn one in eqUl't y at a II stages in our national Canada, :\Ir. Lane's ideas will be carried Olit. 1 e, even if there had always been a sincere re­ Those Indians who 5unh"e will become full citi­ ~ard in the go\"ernment for equity and justice zens of the country. and as there is little preju­ or them. But a so-called higher civilization is dice against the intermarriage of Indians and not. alway"espec tful"10 Its treatment of an in- whites, the Indian element will be merged in the ferIor . one . F orCI . bl e annihilation is often the general community.-Toronto Canada} Star. eaSier soluti on an d ·I t h as, too the \"irtuf. of per- mane neY·-Indianapolis (Ind.)' Times. A Qvm,", Brav<. Assimilating Ihe Indian. Riverton, Wyo.-Passengers on a westbouud Chicago and Northwestern passenger train were tb The secretary concludes that it is the duty of saved from certain injury and possible death by d e government t..0 cast t h e full burden of in- Summer Blake. an Arapaboe Indian, when he ependence and res 'b'I' in ponsl I Ity upon an increas- discovered a bridge had been washed out near ~ n~mber of the Indians of all tribes." He here and flagged the train within 100 feet of the dl!Covered an 0 Id and musty statute that em- po dangerous spot. . iudiwers 'd the secre ta ry of the interior. to do this in Blake was walking from Shoshone to Rl\-erton, tbo n't ual cases, and he proposes to use the au- using the railroad track, when he found that. a n y. Rood in Muskrat Creek had wasbed out tbe pIl­ ing under a bridge. Knowing that the passen­ " hatIt means d'omg I'Ittle by little for all the tribes ger train was about due, he baslly built a fire on fulfill was done last JUly for the Cherokees, in the track. Barely had the blaze become brigbt Conee'mentofa promIse. made eighty years ago. when the train appeared. Tbe Indian leal""i rOlng that '. about on the track in front of the fire, wa~g says eJ act of Justice, Secretary Lane his sombrero. The engineer brought the tram lO S "'luentk'J 10 h'IS annual report: urely ther . . to a stop. ed th [di bit of hist e IS somethmg fine in this light Grateful passengers ~'Terwhelm. e _ ~ an d tion and t~ry. It takes hold upon the imagioa­ with expressions of gratItude an. gifts, "~lch so embarrassed him that he hurned awa~ In the the Ind' ememory, arouses dreams of the day darkness.-Seattle (Wash.) post-intellIgencer. Ian shaU b e wb oily blended into our life • 322 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

!IiYi!fi!liYi!fi!liYi!fi!liYi!fiY;!li!fi!fi!fi!fiY;Y;Y;Y;Y;Y;Y;Y;Y;Y;Y;Y; various boys and girls, a distribution of gifu increased the happiness of the young peopl., Chilocco Items of Kews and a rewothers who were young not so very Y;Y;Y;!IiYi!fi!liYi!fiY;Y;Y;!IiYi!fi!liYi!fi!liYi!fi!liYi!fi!liYi!fi!liYi!fi lon g ago. Mr. Rogers entertained his father, from New Years was a quiet day at Chilocco Winfield, over New Years. The students and employees enjoyed a holi· day. Skating and other outdoor sporl-'. Mr. and Mrs. Beezley spent a week recent­ hunting and automobiling, were the principal ly visiting home folks up in Kansas. amusements. One hunting party composed of Mrs. E. K. Miller will have charge of the Messrs. Seneca. Rogers, Loutham and \V ii· printing department during Mr. Miller's son, bagged twenty-six jack rabbits. Regu· absence. lar society meetings were held in the evening, Mr. Keton and his force have begun their The menu at the students dining hall w'" annual winter's job-haulin~ sand from the Roast pork with sage dressing, baked bean', Arkansas river at Arkansas City. tomatoes, cabbage, bread and buns, butt" Mis. Hylton entertained the following and jelley, canned cherries, mince pie, por guests over New Years: Miss Bess Hirt. corn, apples, nuts, candy, cookies, fruit cake. Mrs. Kysulka. Mr. Bart McCarthy, of Paw­ coffee with Cbilocco cream. huska, and ~liss Margaret Stone, of Pitts­ burg, Pa. Good N

The old year was escorted I 'oul" and the seems I did better than I thought. I had no New Year "in". Refreshments of coffee I'd ea of being among the leaders. I was ~ and doughnuts were served. Dancing was feated in Ihe Prize Speaking Contest, but ~ the principal amusement, the music being celved honorable mention. We had to spe furnished by Mr. and Mrs. Mo'es and Mr. poems and that was rather difficult for m' Addington and )Ii"" Wallace. I averaged a little better than In. tb' Rev. Mr. Caughey and )Iiss Hedell, who Christmas Exams. Chern. and Latin ..e~ make monthly visits to the Ep"copal Stu­ my hardest exams. I made 84 in CheUl. all dents, conducted a very interestmg Christmas 86 in Latin. " service at Hiawatha Hall on the evening of I played football on the Scrub Varsity'" January 4. After the rendition of a volun­ seaSOn and won my "M2nd.'· We did not:~ teer program made up of addre. es by the cetVe sweathers but letters. They tbtn or missionaries and recitations and music by have a good cha~ce for the Varsity nextye e: I had but very little experience in that gaJll THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 323

It is a great game and brings out the mettle cently been remodeled are a noted addition to in a fellow, and besidesgiving a fellow chances the appearance of the building and will prove to help win for his school, he can also win much more pleasant and roomy than the old moral victories by controling himself, even ones. when he knows that he is receiving a rotten The new sleeping porch at Home Two has deal. I am going to try in baseball, too; they been started, but the bad weather of the past have just got me started now, but I never let few days has somewhat delayed operations in it keep me from my studies. 1 know you that work. A new porch of the same kind IS never secured this scholarship for me to make to be added to Home One as soon as the an athlete of me but with far nobler and broad­ w~ather permits. er purposes, or intentions, and to that end 1 In order to care for the young stock in the am working. lot east of the old dairy barn a new rack for A happy new year to you and to all. feeding has been built by the carpenters. It CHAS. MCG'LBERRY. IS a very strong and serviceable rack and we recommend the design to anyone who con­ Annul Musicilt. templates feeding stock through the winter. The several sets of harness for varioul:i The Chi Iocca Orchestra, assisted by Miss schools and agencies in the Service are Esther Allen and Mr. Martinez, gave its an­ about to be boxed up for shipment. These nual muscale in the auditorium on the even· harness are fine, both in appearance and ing of January fifth. This event is a treat workmanship, and the makers have reason we all look forward to and the entertainment to be proud of them. is an artistic and enjoyable one to alllovers The remainder of Home One, not painted of good music-which takes in all at Chilocco. before Institute, is receiving its share of Mr. and Mrs. Moses. together with every attention from the painting department, al!::o member of the orchestra, are to be congrat­ signs, warning "joy riders" who come ulated on the excellence of these musicales. through Chilocco that some one lives here, are FOllowing we print tbe program: posted on all roads approaching Chilocco. 1. The- Panama Expositiorl (Mardi ) Pierson 2. Evening Star. from Tlllnhauser Wagner Illdiin in i RiCt by Him.st'if. 3. Piano Solo-PretftTlPt l De AMour Gotm::halk Miss Eather Allen The American Indian should not be clas.ifi­ .. Humoreske Oro," ed as a Mongolian. This is the belief of Cato 5. Valae des Midinettes Bachmann Sells, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, after In tf'tmi&,.... KIn personal investigatIOns and consultation with 6. f1id.ering Fireligh t Penn Dr. F. W. Hodge, Ethnologist in Charge of 1. Cornet Solo-The Lost Chord Sullh·.n the Bureau of American Ethnol"g)" of the Mr. Hartine% Smithsonian Institution at Washington. 8. Ca) Jut For Today Abbott Certain recent writers, in an effort to re­ (b) SuPPlication (A Prayer) David!! duce the number of races into which man is 9. Puritana {WaltLes' Grimm divided. ha\'e shown a dispoSition to do away 10. Star Spangled Bannft" with the old classIfication of the Indian or Red Man as a distinct race, and to classify him as a member of the Mon~ohan famJiy. (HllOCCO INDUSTRiAl NEWS NOTES. Instructions prohibiting the teaching of the classification in Indian schooJ:.. which places The work of remodeling the ice plant and the Indian in the llongolian famil). will b. issued by Commissioner Sells, and all sC'hooi cold storage room:;;. at the power house is pro-­ books containing such classification will he gressing niceh·. All the old work is nearlv to· - droPped from the authorized list of books in mrn away and we will soon be readY- for the use in the Indian Service. . asons to place the foundations for the steel Commissioner Sells says that he I:' ad\" ·Hd by the best authority that the Indian, are Columns and "I" beams for the reinforced c1a...~ed by anthropologists as a distinct ract" concrete floor, which is to replace the old commonly designat~ a~ th~ Rt>rl Race. ?T. as w~en constructioD. The new cooling rooms Red Men. in contradl~tmctJ(ln ~o the" hlte­ 'flU be built in the most up-to-date manner, (Caucasian). y.llow t.!ong-ohan), Brown (llalay) and Black (. -.~rol races of p..,ple, Iitholin insulation throughout, and the :Jng and that he propo:,e~ to rlo e\"erythu"I.g" In ~IS nne tank will also be enclosed with the above power to oppo:,e the arbitrary classificatIOn Dlentioned insulation. advanced by a few pohli,h.", of sc~ool books The porches at Home Four that have re- which c1asc::es the Indian as Mon~oh8n. A year or so ago the city of Denver began a campaign for ar. UNMASKED. "Indian Congress" to be held to attract that way persons ~ route to or from the Panama Exposition. The promoters soug I the endorsement of Commissioner Sells, the Society of American Indians, and other persons and organizations of influence. It was putup to those whose sane: tion and approval were sought as a very high-browed enterprIse. In . th em. terests. of science and philanthropy_ The Commissioner is a wise man and ~tat: that his attitude toward the affair would depend entirely upon the mamf;s h­ tion of purpose after it had developed further. While a few members 0 t e society named identified themselves with the proposed Congress, to some ex­ tent, the organizati~n gave it very little co~fort.. It. di~d, or rather bee;;: comotose, and nothIng more was heard of It until wlthm the last few h when there have appeared signs of revival. Below is a clipping from t ~ Denver News indicative of the real motive of the promoters of the pagean from its inception.

PAGEANT FOR INDIANS DEMAXDED IN DENVER. Plans for a grand council of North American Indians or Indian pageant. in Den· ver during June, July, August September and October i915 have been drafted and backed by a number of prOminent, business men of DenverI andrI olorado. These men. feel that the proposition of such a pageant should not be given up, even thotbeong­ lOa. I un d erta k'109 faIled,. perhaps because it did fail. They believe that th e vast amount of advertising receiVed from the mereannouncernent that Dem'er was to have such a pageant has led thousands of reSIdents. of this and other countnes.' to antlcl. Pate . some ~.mg unusa I'In Dt:nver on their journey to the great expoSitions. ' ~~ seel~gPaCific coast.

Tbe men backing the present project believe those people should not be disap­ pointed, and believe also that this is an excelleDt opportunity to form the nucleus of a fund to be used in advertising Denver and Colorado and in inducing manufactor­ ies to locate here. Therefore they have suhmitted to the city commissioners a proposal that the city donate $.10,000 toward the prOject, the hackers to put up an equal amount as a guar­ anty of good faith. With this $60,000 on hand the promoters then will be on a basts sound enough to enable them to raise $140 000 dd'r I h' b they estimate \\"III I h ffi . , a IlOna, W Ie tees ,e more t an su clent to Pay all expenses of the pageant and furnish theguaran be demandedbrought here. b) the government and others if Indians and other attractions are to They plan to ha"e 1,000 IndIans representing forty-five different tribes brou ~: hl~rleda:;:, rtetaldned here, fbor at least four months, together u'lth B<>ldier8 and a gene .. "es an jaITtJ: I! 11101\ to which adm" Id b h ed Th . • ISSl00 wou e c arg . re- e estImated returns wou Id be in the neighb h d f .450 000 and the net tu . t I ?7- 000 or oc o. , , ,d- rug approxlma e y _10, ,after all expenses had been paid and tbe money THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 325

vanced by subscription returned with 6 per cent interest. The contract as now ar· ranged cans for the use of the first receipts in repaying subscribers. Every ph ..e of Indian life would be shown and the great assembly would have great educational value. The business men promoting the project believe it is only fair that Denver, hav­ ing once advertised such a pageant, should put one on; fair not only to the people who expect it, but to Denver and Colorado. This is the only apparently practicable plan at present before the people, and it is conceded that such a pageant, if given, probably would be the last great council of Indians of North America, as the race is fast dying out, or becoming educated to the point where its members live more after the white man's fashion and politely decline to be exhibited. Let an end be put to exploiting the Indian for a morbid public. It can be done by educating the white man above relishing such fake shows and by ed­ ucating the Indian above making a show of himself for a stomach full of stale bread and tainted beef.

iL3 !>

In his address before the Mohonk Conference upon the ALWAYS CHANCE subject of "The Indians' Legal Status", Mr. Arthur C. TO GET BUSY. Parker, the able Secretary of the Society of American Indians, says (in italics:) "A Determination of the Indian's legal status is by far the 1I10st i1l1portantmattel' affecting the welfare of the red 1'Ucein the United Sfat1!S today. " There may be Indians who attribute an absence of endeavor upon their part to an uncertain legal status but as a matter of fact there does not exist a single instance of one really desiring to do something being hindered by any such uncertainty. The door of opportunity is open all the way and any Indian who desires can step through any day, and stand clothed immediately with any legal right that is enjoyed by any citizen. There are not a few persons, most of them a little bit Indian but nearly all white, who keep striving for the citizen's privileges with only an Indian's obligations and these keep up a mighty clamor about rights. What they need :0 do is to remember that from three-fourths to fifteen-sixteenths oftheir blood IS from white ancestors, and they should h.ave the courage to stand as w~ite people instead of continually denominating themselves Indians and belongmg ~ "the lndian problem". Any day such people want to assume the obliga­ tions they can enjoy the pri vi leges enjoyed by such Indian allottees as Senator Charles Curtis and Mr. Gabe E. Parker. Instead of being handicapped they are frequently aided by their fraction of Indian blood.

JEi) !> INthe Course of the debate on the Indian bill a few days ago one Oklahoma member of Congress stated that the Chilocco School was almost wholl.y filled with students from Kansas. Our enrollment today is 551. Of thiS nU~ber only 18 bail from the Sunflower State while 456 live in Oklahoma. Chllocco is for all Indians who need its brand of training and most of them naturally will be Oklahomans. 326 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

The last Indian bill provided that the position of Supt CHANGE AT UNION intendentof Union Agency be abolished and thatanot AGENCY er place with about the same name and havingidentit duties be established. The effectofthe legislation W to remove the office from the classified service. Superintendent Kelsey, who has made a most enviable reputation as" executive and a business man with a conscience, has been in charge of UTI! agency and actively between the grafter and the victim for whom said grafter mouth had waters for several years. He has done with marked efficiency all tho he was given power to do and he passes his duties on to his successor kn( ing that he is esteemed by all who know his work and his worth. Since a new superintendent was inevitable it is impossible to see hOIl" better selection could have been made th:m that of Mr. Gabe E. Parker, w. January 1 took up the tasks as Mr. Kelsey laid them down. Mr. Parker i; native Oklahoman, 'l graduate from Henry Kendall College, and has been credit to his state ever since he came into it. He was one ofthe ablest membt of the Oklahoma Constitutional Convention and a.~ such member designed t State seal besides doing many other creditable things. As superintendent Armstrong academy and as Register of the United States treasury he seW with great ability. There never was a cleaner, abler young man in the I.ndli service, as the JOURNAL has had occasion to say before. He and his fam!lya! returning to Oklahoma from Washington unspoiled, as was predicted of the when they went away. If the grafters are relying upon Mr. Parker to further the schemes thl Mr. Kelesy thwarted they have a jolt coming to them because he is neith· by instinct nor training designed to be a grafter's assistant. A worthy ,~ cessor to a distinguished predecessC'r he will be busy showing the east< Oklahoma Indians the way to independence and will stand their protector wh' hey are gaining experience and courage.

Commissioner Sells has made a visit to the Northwest a: "IN THE SWEAT included Tongue River Agency in the journey. He sW' OF THY FACE". ed some things going there that will make his call m:!11;r able. For example arrangements were made prelimlfl to building. a ~our ~i11 for the Indians and, what is more important, to havlr . the beneficIaries raIse the wheat to keep the mill running. . There have been built a good many such mills on various reservations b in most cases they stood idle unless wheat was purchased for the miller grind. The Indians did not have impressed Upon them with saving force tC idea that they were expected to do sOmething else than eat bread that th~. wives made from the flour. Commissioner Sells has shown them the fie where they are to plow and sow and reap and thresh if thev expect to eat. . .-/ "If people would whistle more and argue less, the world would be much happie r.'~ THE INDIA SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 327

!fi!li$R!i!fi!fi!li$!Ii$!fi!fi!li$!Ii$!fi!li$!fi!Rli!fi!Rli!fi!Rli!fi Miss Dougherty. the popular matron of Home Two, provides many enjoyable hours Chiloeeo Items of News for her large family of small boys, She has !fi!Ii$!Ii$!fi!fi!li$!RIi!fi!fi$!Rli!fi!fi!li$!fi!Rli!fi!Rli!fi!fi!li$ fitted up a music room off the boy's reading ~frs. Flora J. Iliff isa temporary teacher at room and placed a modern Pianola in it. The Chilocco. demands on it for the latest things in music demonstrates its great popularity as an Mrs. Mabel Carder. of Newkirk. i, tpmpo­ amll~ement-and the JOURNAl. scribe notices rarily empllyell here as teacher, filling il va· caney. that it i. appreciated by all the Home Two students. Mr. Lazelle. from Oklahoma City. spent a few days at Chi locco. visiting his daughter. Saturday evening, January ninth thpre was Miss Christine, who is an employee here. given in the school auditorium a very intere~t­ Miss Miller. the efficient head of our ing entertainment by school talent. The culinary department has been confined to "Peak Sisters," it was called. and ahout one her room , for the past few days, on account hundred girl students took part in it. It was of a severe cold. . given by the members of the Y. W. C. A. for the purpose of raising funds to go to the Mr Jon~i. O'IT aqsi:;.tantdisciplinarian, was Belgium sufferers. About sixty dollars were cllle,1 to oi, home. Chickasha, Oklahoma, this ra ised. It was a very commendable effort on month by the serious illness and death of his mother. the part of the assoeiation and the advi~ory staff. The girls deserve much credit for the ~Ir. and Mr:. Wm . H. Hallaway of Wak­ quality of their entertainment. which ea~il.\' elee, Mich., are the guests of their son, M. satisfied all paying patrons, and for their laud­ R. Holla!"ay, head of our dairy department. able efforts in behalf of an unfortunate and and his family. . unhappy people. Supt. Edgar A. Allen was one of the principal speakers at the annual banquet of Plans are about perfected for the building the Arkam;a~ City. Kansas. Commercial of a $l2.000 addition to the Chilocco ,chool Club. held January Hth. building. This will furnish needed srhool ;\Irs. Alice M McGeorge has resign~d as a room~. an agricultural laboratory, a society teacher and left the ~ervice. She and her hall. and a Y.M.C.A. hall. Work is expect. iamily are living at Teelton. Okla .. where ed to ~tart on this addition as soon 8S the fr. ~lcGe o rge is postmaster weather will permit of the quarrying of y Commission Company ing and the results are very successful. and ,as thl"; to say of a car of Chilocco hogs con- are causing much favorable comment whpre t() ever the team appears. Secretary Elmer E. d']~HO'ned th em on t h e 8th : Your loarl of hogs :. not arrive until about 1:00 P. ~1. toda\'; Lin~qui3t IS In charge of the work and the I ,em orf> t han topped thf market \\'ith them.' team.-Arkansa. City Kans.) Daily Tra\,­ w or rat~er egl) t f Ife cenH above pa~ker top eler. 3!\ We sold to an outside buyer." The first ba,ketball team of the Chilorco I In ~ IQtt~r to the superintendent. Jo~e Indian School ....;11 !pavp on a trip up Into . gnaClo. Who left Cbilocco last ,,-ear says he Kansas on the thirtef>nth. A stron~ schedule is ~ettin7 I c. .' s"h • a ong ".·Il' at the Phoenix Indian of games will be pla"ed whirh win inrlude . 10 001. where both he and his wi fe are em­ games with Emporia. 'ormal and the Terrible PfYed, he as assis ant di~ciplinarian and hlS ,'wede,. After this trip the five will godown WI e a~ a~-' h 'l .."htant matron at the. mall bo,-s' into Oklahoma to try the mettle of the strong t "mhe. He sends ~reetin()"s to all his ~ld est teams in this :state Coach Jone::; has a eacersad h ' IV' I n 'c Imate' -e.aocially ~Irs. team this year made up four fifths of new (jfl~ a'1d. ~IiH ~fll er. two poplllar memher:-:; men only one old player being (In the team. e Chllocco faculty. -Arkansas City tKans.) Daily Traveler. • 328 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS

!Ii!Rli!li!Rli!li!Rli!RRfi!li!Rfi!Rf!li!Rli!li!Rli!li!Rli!li!liYi AD Old ludi.D C... . Belton, Tex.-C. D. Ellis of this city is ~ Chilocco Items of Ne ws discoverer of an old Indian cave from wbi !Ii!Rli!li!Rli!li!Rli!fi!fi!fi!li!Rli!li!liYi!li!Rli!li!Rli!li!Rli!li!liYi he has secured many relics, curios, coins ar lh, Sou"uh>. Op

Satiety Song of the Civil war and several massacres art' I Society Add,es~ Presirient historic record.-Waco (Tex.) News. ApPOintment of Critie Unl1nished Bu~in~- New B u ~iness To Err is Huma.n. :-,uaphonl" Trio- Ah'. Wbilt>t ree. David J ohn!40n, Peter Nunmaa It is human nature for one to do wrong a!lI Orat;on Claude Hayman it requires a great deal of hardy manb"'" Piano Solo--"Alejandra" Mexican Waltz oftentimes to withstand the temptation tal Stanll', Janette wrong. Man is the result of an evolun of time dating centuries ago-at the begr ning of tinle-and acts committed at the e!' liest record of man's life on this eart~: Afllrrnstin Speakl"n: had the.lf mfluence upon every succ ' Nentive SP~lteM\: Richard Watts generation to Come. . Ceorp Roach ln H~V.ldez; B@njamin McK@n2it' The commission of small and seem t­ Comit: ~iration frivolous wrongs may re~ult in other aC­ Son,. ,. u-onard Hough A . Crandrath@r'fI ClOCk" that are of a very serious nature. s: &'ng'@taha Quart"le wrong soon looses its small significance. Judges' Report prepares us to look upon a larger wrong 10 .­ Soang-f"taha CliPJH"r 0 id hghter manner and thus we are taught to .. Solllg "f Lon av JohnSOn , ts a ... Loni' Way to Tipperary" greater deeds of wrong. ill;" S~¥.taha Glf':t' Club By carefully guarding ourselves aga ,I. "The Eh'.," hy K ipf committing the small deeds of evil we t" I Soancetaha Band er urally and unconscientiously cultJV~u" Critic's Report-Adjournment capacity and a desire to do things that p good, and bring happiness to ourselves' Irri(oltion Wlttr for S10 Xnitr lodiilns. to our friends.-Our Boys' Magazine. Prepautions are being made to let th . econ_ tract at T ue~on. Anz., for the sink' . t,h of · . 109 of A news item in the :it. Paul Dlspa ti'" treeh a dd ItIonal wells on the ~ an Xa . ·. VIer In December 16th states that for the first nlv dIan reservation. These wells are to be 5 - In seven years the jail of BeltramI c0\'o; feet deep and must be completed by J 00 MInnesota, at Bemidji is untenanted. rIn­ - .. une 30 A: recent ~rder from the Commi~ i ~ Der ~( 1ft 1910., . The slnklOlt of the well'::; h as b een ' dIan AffaIrs enforcing the prOVISIons sal [neD In ac:codanee with [he approp· . rlatlon old treaty with tbe Indians by the t~ a f money by congress for the develop . . mont of which a large part of the ~orth,~rn ";~rr rrlgallon water on [he Indian rese . Minnesota was to remain "dr), terri,.., rvatJon and the completion of the work ·11 ' put the saloons of Bemidji and other r It WI add out of business. That's why, we thIn ~tb" greatly to the agriCllltural value of th IS a PIty that such treaties covering t b' dians' land •. -EI Paso (Tex.) Times. e In- booze-infested parts of our country cann~p'. found. Search the archives. -The Peace THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL-ABOUT INDIANS 329

dren and when the excellent report was re­ CHRISTMAS AT THE EUFAULA INDIAN ceived from the teachers, he began to distri­ BOARDING SCHOOL. butepresents. This OCCUPIed about two hours, of course, Santa couldn't stay that long so (From Indian Journal. Eufaula, Okla.) bade the girls good-bye and was gone. Each T HIS Christmas will be one not easily for- child had her arms full of remembrances and gotten by t~e Indian girls at the Eufau­ they were dismissed to open and enjoy their la Boarding School. The evening before each gifts in their own way. church entertained the girls along with the Miss Campbell invited the faculty into her other members of their Sunday schools and room to open their gifts. Many a hearty treated them royally with the usual candy laugh was indulged in at the selection of ~~~ frUIt besides providing entertainment. presents the girls gave their teachers, dolls ~ IS the first tIme they could enjoy a church and fancy jewelry were predominent, but Ihe ChrIStmas eve and they returned radiant with spirit which prompted it was there and that's the good cheer they had received. what counted. This was a most enjoyable WhIle they were enjoying this and were hour and took away just a little of the dis­ away from the school, hands were busv pre­ appointment of not spending Christmas at paring for the morning surprises. Thedining home. At 3 o'clock came the turkey dinner. foom was decorated with festoons of green Filteen turkeys lost their lives in this good and'I" .red with bells, mistletoe . and evergreen. cause. The usual dishes that accompany Mr. "Ilmature Santa dolls were placed at each Turk composed a most delicious meal. Our pate' beaull'f. u I cornlCoplas. . which were made place cards were little sleds made by the pri- for the VIsit d h' . mar . ors an t elT chIldren by our pri- mary room. y chIldren were hung around the room. At eight o'clock "The Gifts of Gifts" a Awh' I argeh Ch rIstma. s tr.e had been secured Christmas operetta was given in the chapel r":~ was placed prominently in the dining before an appreciative audience. This re­ ,thIS was beautifully decorated and presented the walled city of Bethleham and tb'th ree tables rtI era II y groan precedent Old Santa reInIng room, be introduced to tab success may es ek people~ may, WIth. us. con- treat. Th~ :e,lVe theIr prosents and their aod th 3eret th C ,"'> that the' mmg tables were so arranged SIder that the Washington oflice IS strIVInf( . '~ht for them in all ways. "hen a rIr~S could all get near the tree and to d 0 wh at IS r1,.. silence r ~u knock was heard at the door --~--.in OUT last Issue which. asked to'elgned " L'Ittle Wanda McIntosh was' An error occur red . InVIte th- stated that Silas corbett had dIEd Dec

COMMISSIONER SELlS VISITS THE he ~ent a "'peciali~t there to deal with It. Htat TONGUE RIVER RESERVATION. 'ifI found that the I ndlsn women required the''' ...i4.ance of field matron ... in making their b{ better place'i to live 10 , and he a-.signed tw WASHINGTON. O. C.' Cato Seli" !".. mmi.· troDS to the resen'Rtion, furnishing ea('h \fIt' 'iioner of Indiall affail"!l, has ... tarted the ma­ horse Slid team so they could get around .... chinery nece~"ary to practically re\"olutionize facilih" . the Tongue rinf Indian re:-;enalion, occupied Arrangements were made al ... o fo r the e;-tabl · by the ~orthern Cheyennes. This re:-.erutioo, ment of ration stations at conveuient point­ located in )100t8n3, i!l about thirty by forty order to save the time of the In dians in drirl l miles in area and flO part of it is within fifty to aod from the agency headquarters, Ilegl~1 , miles of a railroad. Commissioner Sell~ visited their hotne~ whi le thu~ engaged. Oakl.:; the reservation in the early fall and found many Cali. Tribuue. thing" requiring radil'al changes, including the Superintendent. who had jlbt turned over the In dian ~llmon f lS bt lwrn" affairs of his office to a wide-awake succ:e~or. A little party of Indians fHi m the trI' Commi ..sioner Sells found that the Cheyenne~ " that inhabit the west coast of Vancouver I had taken his ad\'ice and rai~ed con~iderable land have been trickling through Van"'u'· · wbeat, but they had no market for it even at lately in a rivulet of barbaric color on rb!" the pre!'lenl high price->, owing- to the long and wa)' tu lhe canneries. These tribesmfll" expenlih-e haul to a railroad. tnlteswomen, whose ancestral history H e summoned the head men Rod propo~ed to been more close Iy afsociatt a \\ ith the saln build them a mill In grind the wheat for their than with anything else fo r hundreds of )"ear! own \be, and they accepted the propo'lition with for the salmon h a s always Leen thtir ~Tlr, alacrity. Aceordinp:ly the ~uperintendeDt of pal food supply. Come each summer from t con~trUt..'tion of the Indian ~ervice i~ now on the west cuast ot Vancouver Island to the Fra~ ( r ~en:ttion con~ulting- with the flew superinten+ river canneries. ear dent and the work on the mill wall soon he The::;e primitive people are picturesqu ... tarted. attract many eyes when they pass throlh . The mill "ill ha\"e a ("onsiderable ... urfa(·e ca­ the city. In Steveston they Ih' e in a htl p;tClty, and Commi ...... ioner Sell ... i" arrangio~ to wan.! and canvas village of thei r o",n, a put a cheap fem.'e around 100.. acre~ of a beauti­ eat salmon three times a day duri),g the ('­ ful plateau and plant it to wheat oext V'e:t.r, lIery season. M any of the men are fi ~ ber"

O utilizing the surplu ... capa('it\' of the flnur miJ1 to mell, ana nearly all the women \\-ork in t t o; upply flour to other reserv~tiflo", that hue no CannerIes. (;t.('ilities (or prudUl'ing their own wheat. He Tnt! tiockeye rUn iti now running in the f rs ser. and the canneries are running their (ound on the re... enation a larlte traction en~ine rna­ cblllery eVt!ry day. A good many morelfh and steam ploujZ"h ... landing oul in the weather th::;ht!cmell have taken out Iicen:its this )" t ll unu ... ed. The--e were immediately put under Tnt: sod-i.eyes and humpbacks and the co'"er and will be u!)ed 111 ploughing the one nUt!::, anll olher lI1embers ot the salmon fa~.' thou... and tract and puttinjr it in !'hape for ~('re luoKmg lor spawmng befls are seekmg OUll'l~ ,rain production" 'fhe cflmmi"''1ioner i"('onfidenl sanduals uf the E"'raser, the Skeena, of Rn;, .. that he ('an pay the ('o .. t of (~(ln'ltructlon of the Inlet and many uther brackIsh river 111 0U mill with a "iolZ"le c.'rnp. and certainlv with two and salty mlels. Wt!ek after week school after schtJU crop'. leaving the Cheyenne

RESPECT FOR AMERICAN INDIAN'S with potential powers justifying such an in­ DESIRES. vestment. No wonder then that race inter­ ests shows itself in such fortunate youth. and that they in sist that the race be rated as oth­ I NTERRACIAL amity does not preclude or er than derivative. Since proof to the con­ exclude racial dignity and self-respect, or anything that fosters them. If the red Indi. trary is not accessible, at least in a form that an of the United States is a distinct race, not closes the door to debate, the government is derived from any of the major subdivisions of both .hrewd and just now in deciding that so far as it teaches history the red Indian is a the human family, but authentically aborig­ inal and separate, why, of course lndian youth distinct type. -The Christian Science Monitor. on entering schools ami beginning the study of history in its broader and more general as­ lodi"" Rid" HorStbaci 3.000 MiltS. pects should not be taught otherwise. The Red Fox James, a Crow Indilln, who sever­ Indian Commission .., Cato Sells, is justified al days ago completed a 3,OOO-mile horseback In protecting his charges to this extent, if he ride from the Crow reservation in Montana has hack of him the best ethnological expert to this city, has an engagement to see Presi­ opinion. That some ethnologists still hold to dent Wilson at 10 o'clock tomorrow morning the Asiatic origin, at least of the Indians of to urge his support in the movement to des­ the north PaCIfic tribes now found in both ignate October 12 as Indian day and make British and United States territory, is a fact. it a national holiday. He will present leiters Nevertheless there 1\;11 he champions of the from thirty state governors favoring the step that has be.n taken by Commi"ioner movement and also one signed by the officer::; ells. For the experience of the United of the Society of American Indians. 'tates with its non-Caucasian inhabitants bas Red Fox IS to ride to the White House on been that they achieve most when least serv­ his white broncho on which he made his 3,000 Ile and imHath'e of the Caucasian. A race mile trip. Eight members of Troop 36 of the pride that makes a man quit aping another local Boy Scout organization will act as an race and a l)erl his own powers and those escort. Washington rD. C. I Star. characteristic of his race is v.holestme in the main and within reasonable limits. But only Decision aD 1ribil ~brriig(. comparati\'ely reeenUv have either the de­ That a marriage contracted bel weE n mem­ '.rth America. come to form­ such marriage. and there was no Federal stat­ al a ertion of this opinion. The wisest of ute rendering the tribal customs Im'alid, will the Afro-Americans now stress race self-re­ be recognized as a regular and valid marriage ~pect and independence. The Society of for all purpo~es, is held in Buck v:s, Branson. ,"merlean I nd' lans Includes. personti of pure 3i Okla. 807. And the same effect is also giv­ and"" . mixed strainS. whl) ha\"e organized to en to the dissolution of marriages, under the make the I d" ". r!~h n Ian r~ce more assertive of Its customs of the tribe, as is given to the mar­ and Trore achve aed eluquent in press- riage relation itself. Such marriaRes are not Ing It c h "" " aU~e dore 1~ 1 ~lattve bodle~ and the to be treated as common law marriage~, but COurt of bl" " "I pu Ie OpIDll!D That is to sal" that as legal marriaRes according to the customs ·,aYh" . ": as pas'ed When the red IndIan WIll ap- of the tribe. when such customs are recogniz­ pearbyp. ,. rox): at \\ 2.shlngton and usuallv be ed b\" Congre:is as concerning and reguJatmg I,ro!ected b" . a I" Y a while "~ood friend" .entirom the -domestic relations of the tribe.-... 'ew n nd,an R' ht A ". ho k Ig S O(latton or from the Yo- York Sun. October 25. 1914. le~ conference. He has hIS own educated ,. .... us, college and university graduates, who New Arent ,t St.DdiDr Rod. ~state hi d h . " . en't" " an t elr needs, aspirations and Fort Yates. X. D.-C. C. Covey has heen 1ClSrns G 'at" . overnment schools on the ret'er- named a:s agent of the department of Indian IOns j"r " and H . n, ItutlOns m the East li'e Carlble affairs for the Standing Rock reservation to uni. a~.Pton Institute, and the collfge~ and succeed A. H. Kneale, according to an an­ Pions,ersltles ,aveh be£Un to make race cham- nouncement made here today He will arri,,'e Youn and leaders out of both young men and and take office the first of the year. - Fargo g women Who have been treated as wards (N. D.) News. • 332 THE INDIAN SCHOOL JOURNAL- ABOUT INDIA S

A VOCABULARY TEST. 7. eyela .. h 4H. crunch 74. dm p~ ,. copper. '1. juggler is. apish guitar BJ SUPl Chu. M. Buchanan. 10.9. curse 42. bysterks i6. achromatic i7. ambergris HE only way to find out the exact number 11. health 43. """"" T .t.I.. Mars i8. cameo of words for which yoU know the mean- 12. mellow 45. majesty i9. casuistrJ iog is to go through the dictionary an d coun t 13.1.(. straw-rule 46. dilapidated WI. ~mplot them. But that is likely to take more time 15...... mosaic 81. declivity nerve 82. exaltation than the knowledge is worth. A college pro- I< ,",onh ... 19. forfeit 83. fen fessor has devised a way to estimate the size Ii. puddle 50. peculiarity 84. hookah of anyone's vocabulary. It has been used as 18. pork 51. artless 85. incruJtBt;oa v a test for hundreds of schools, and has proved ZO.19. impoliteplumbing 52. avarice 86. infuse accurate enough for all practical purposes. 21. roar 53. bewail 87. laity M. charter limpet Here is a list of 100 words selected from a 22. treasury 56. conscienlious 89. oc: bre dictionary containing• the 18,000 most fre- 23.24.. outwardnoticeable 56. depredation 00. paleo~ quently used words in the English language. 25. sooth.,. :ii. frustrate 91. pa rterre .'J':" perfunctorf Re'" over the list slowly and carefully. Af- e6. ,'vU ,5,'.. gelatinous 93. iscaturial terevery word, the meaning of which)"ou know 2'i. easterh' fl9. miJk!OP p _ -tanO' 60. philanthropy 94.. p rec:IPI fl't perfectly, place the sign x. After every word 28. lature 61. priceless 95. r'l"'t~c I you are sure you do not know, place thf' 29. quake 96. sapient 62. promontory 97. selectman 30. reception sign -. When you find a word you think you 63. swaddle no. sbagreen know, but of which you aTe not quite sure, 31. nmble Sf. tolerate ~~ 32. I!kill £5. irony 99. sud orific write it on a sheet of paper, and after it write 33. stne 66. lotus 100. lheo5OP bJ the meaning you think is the riRht one. The words on this sheet make up the doubtful list. When you have gone through the 100 words LOOK to see if yo u are we ll pal'd Up for l~ in thi~ w~y. verify your definitions of the doubtful words by the USe of a dictionary. ~J=OU=RN~A~L~. ______==::~ Mark each correctly written definition with a plus sign. Count the total number of plus IF IT IS FROM PECK'S IT'S THE BF.51 signs in the entire list, and multiply that num . ber by 180. The result will be the number of words in YtJur vocabulary. W. S. PECK To illustrate: If there are 60 plus signs in all. you know the meaning of 60 x 180, or 10- The Modern Grocer 800 words. If the number of plus signs is 45, you know about 45 x 180, or 8,100 words. One other point: It is not necessary in Orders Taken and Special order to be correct tbat YOUr written defini- tIOns should read exactly like those in the dic­ Delivery for Chilocco tionary. Mark a definition x if it gives a good general idea of What the word means. 21 7 S. Summit St., Arkansas City, ~ Moreover. it is not necessary to know all the meanings of a word; one COrrect meaning is enough. But take care not to mark the word x unless you are SUre you k now at least one T. B. Oldroyd &Sons correct meaning of it. When you try this list on yourself. or test a child by it, you will find that the words in House Furnishings the first part are fairly ea. ~', but that they get harder as you advance This is the prin­ ciple to remember if you a list of your Undertaking own. ch\)o~e

L arrange at. muz.zJe . es 2. bobfi", ~ b'liau:e drabble Good Stock; Reasonable PriC .. envelope 36. insure 6{i. I"'mbod,. ~ co_. To. brunet 70. ,nip Square Treatment i. has,...... nt "'1. flaunt ~ .0.., i2. harpy 39. ahrewd . g.¢' 73. sportive 207-209 W. 5th Ave.• Arkansas City,