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Pdf, Abgerufen Am 18.04.2013), S DISSERTATION / DOCTORAL THESIS Titel der Dissertation /Title of the Doctoral Thesis „Ländliche Gemeinschaften im venezianischen Dalmatien im Spätmittelalter – Lebenswelten und Gemeinschaftsvorstellungen auf Korčula im Vergleich (1420-1499)“ verfasst von / submitted by Fabian Kümmeler, M.A. M.P.S. angestrebter akademischer Grad / in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doktor der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) Wien, 2017 / Vienna 2017 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt / A 792 312 degree programme code as it appears on the student record sheet: Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt / Geschichte field of study as it appears on the student record sheet: Betreut von / Supervisor: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Oliver Schmitt F. KÜMMELER, Ländliche Gemeinschaften [...,] Lebenswelten und Gemeinschaftsvorstellungen auf Korčula [...] מה הזמן מסמן לי? זה הכול שאריות של החיים ולחיות את הרגע להתחיל לאסוף את השברים אולי אצא יותר... - ״שאריות של החיים״,הפרויקט של עידן רייכל 2009 - = What is time telling me? It’s all scraps of life And to live the moment To begin collecting the shards Maybe I will get out more... – „She’eriot Shel Ha’Chaim (Scraps of Life)“, The Idan Raichel Project, 2009 – 2 F. KÜMMELER, Ländliche Gemeinschaften [...,] Lebenswelten und Gemeinschaftsvorstellungen auf Korčula [...] INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Danksagung . .7 I. Einleitung . .9 A.Einführung . 9 B. Zentrale Fragestellungen . .12 C. Aufbau der Arbeit . 15 II.Forschungsstand . 18 A.Venedig . 18 B. Stato da Mar – die venezianischen Überseeterritorien . .25 C. Dalmatien . 30 D.Korčula . 36 E. Ländliche Gemeinschaften als Forschungstopos . 39 F. Ländliche Gemeinschaften in Dalmatien . 44 G.Hirtengemeinschaften in Dalmatien . 48 H.Mikrogeschichte . 50 III.Quellenlage, Theorie und Methodik . 55 A.Quellenlage . .55 B. Theoretische Grundlagen . 59 1. ,Visions of Community‘: Analysekategorie Gemeinschaft . 59 2. Ländliche Gemeinschaften als Untersuchungsobjekt . .67 C. Methodik . .70 1. Mikrogeschichte . 70 2. Lebenswelt . 76 3. %GF|ACL 4. Vergleich . .84 IV.Korčula im 15. Jahrhundert: Historischer Kontext . .89 A.Historischer Kontext bis 1420 . 90 B. Untersuchungszeitraum: 1420-1499 . .103 3 F. KÜMMELER, Ländliche Gemeinschaften [...,] Lebenswelten und Gemeinschaftsvorstellungen auf Korčula [...] V.Ländliche Gemeinschaften auf Korčula: Territorial-normative Strukturen . 127 A.Annäherung an das spätmittelalterliche Korčula: die Raumordnung. 127 B. Ein Venezianer auf Korčula? Venezianische Administration im 15. Jahrhundert. 134 C. Verwaltungsstruktur und Ämterwesen im ländlichen Raum Korčulas. 147 D.Administrative Schriftlichkeit im ländlichen Raum Korčulas . 166 E. Zwischenfazit. .174 VI.Ländliche Gemeinschaften auf Korčula: Soziokulturelle Praxis und Lebenswelten . 179 A.4OAK;@=F%GFLJGDD=MF<%GF|ACLuELKHJ9PAKMF<D[F<DA;@=&=:=FKO=DL=F 1. Ländliche Amtsträger als Ordnungshüter der Gemeinschaft. .179 2. )J<FMF?K@kL=J AE %GF|ACL u 0GE -L=DD=FO=JL <=K ,=;@LK <=J =O=AKH|A;@L <=J Amtsträger und dem guten Ruf des Angeklagten. 189 B. gJ|A;@=&=:=FKO=DL=FMF<KGRAGCMDLMJ=DD=*J9PAK<=JGJ>?=E=AFK;@9>L 1. Ehe, außereheliches Zusammenleben und Ehre in der Dorfgemeinschaft . 207 2. gJ|A;@=-GDA<9JAL[LK?=E=AFK;@9>LAEF?=KA;@L=AF=K?=O9DLK9E=F.G<=K C. Rechtliche Lebenswelten im ländlichen Raum – Casalia als rechtliche Haftungsgemeinschaften und als Orte der Rechtsprechung . 231 1. Casalia als rechtliche Haftungsgemeinschaften. 231 2. „Actus facti in chaxalibus“ – Casalia als Orte der Rechtsprechung. 247 D.Zwischenfazit . 258 VII.Hirten: Sozioprofessionelle Gemeinschaft und pastorale Lebenswelten . .263 A.Korčulaner Hirten im Spannungsfeld zwischen Saisonalität und Recht. 264 1. De societate animalium – Hütegemeinschaft als Vertragssache. 264 2. De lite xemiaci – Hütegemeinschaft im Winter. 276 3. De tonsura lanarum – Saisonale Lebenswelten zwischen Schur, Hütung und Ackerbau . .284 4. De rationibus animalium – Der 15. August als Zenit des Korčulaner Hirtenjahres. 288 B. *9KLGJ9D=&=:=FKO=DL=FAE-H9FFMF?K>=D<KGRAGgCGFGEAK;@=J#FL=J=KK=FCGF|ACL= 1. .A=J<A=:KL[@D=9DKKGRAGgCGFGEAK;@=K%GF|ACL>=D<H9KLGJ9D=J&=:=FKO=DL=F 2. 1=A<=K;@[<=F9DKKGRAGgCGFGEAK;@=K%GF|ACL>=D<H9KLGJ9D=J&=:=FKO=DL=F 3. Zwischen Geringschätzung und Gewalt: Hirten im Spannungsfeld AFF=J?=E=AFK;@9>LDA;@=J%GF|ACL= C. Zwischenfazit . 339 4 F. KÜMMELER, Ländliche Gemeinschaften [...,] Lebenswelten und Gemeinschaftsvorstellungen auf Korčula [...] VIII. Ländliche Gemeinschaften auf Korčula – ein Schlussessay. 346 Annex IX.Bibliographie . 363 A.Archivbestände . 363 B. Quelleneditionen . .363 C. Literaturverzeichnis . 365 X.Abstracts . 410 A.Kurzzusammenfassung der Dissertation . .410 B. Executive Summary . 411 – . – . – 5 F. KÜMMELER, Ländliche Gemeinschaften [...,] Lebenswelten und Gemeinschaftsvorstellungen auf Korčula [...] 6 F. KÜMMELER, Ländliche Gemeinschaften [...,] Lebenswelten und Gemeinschaftsvorstellungen auf Korčula [...] Danksagung An erster Stelle gilt mein herzlicher Dank meinem Lehrer und Doktorvater Oliver Jens Schmitt, der nicht nur meine Arbeit exzellent betreut und selbige mit großem Interesse begleitet hat, sondern auch mich selbst allzeit engagiert und umfassend gefördert hat. Besonders danken möchte ich ihm vor allem für die akademische Inspiration, die vertrauensvolle forscherische Freiheit und die konstruktiven Ratschläge, die meinen Forschergeist und die vorliegende Arbeit maßgeblich ?=HJ[?LMF<EGLANA=JL@9:=F '=AF9FC?=:k@JLRM<=E19DL=J*G@D F<J=!AF?JA;@ @JAKLAF9 Lutter, Birgit Kellner und Helmut Krasser✝, die gemeinsam mit Oliver Jens Schmitt im Rahmen des FWF-geförderten Spezialforschungsbereichs F42 Visions of Community: Comparative Approaches to Ethnicity, Region and Empire in Christianity, Islam and Buddhism (400–1600 CE) eine fruchtbare interdisziplinäre Forschungsumgebung geschaffen haben. Danken möchte ich ferner den Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeitern des Državni Arhiv u Zadru, namentlich Suzana Martinović, für ihre freundliche und hilfsbereite Unterstützung meiner Archivrecherchen in Dalmatien. Darüber hinaus gilt mein besonderer Dank meinen Wiener KollegInnen Elisabeth Gruber, Judit Majorossy, $G@9FF "=AKK AJAC "GN<=F %GFJ9< *=LJGNKRCQ 9FA=D '9@GF=Q MF< -9K;@9 LLA9 >kJ MFK=J= ebenso zahllosen wie inspirierenden interdisziplinären Diskussionen. Mein Dank richtet sich =:=F>9DDK9F(=DD9&GFR9 *@AD-D9NAF D9AJ=$M<<=<=&9JANA^J= F9*DGKFAć Škarić und Ermanno Orlando, die meine Forschung auf zahlreichen internationalen Tagungen mit wertvollen Hinweisen bereichert haben. Besonders herzlich danke ich überdies meinen grandiosen FreundInnen und meiner wunderbaren Familie – insbesondere Monika Lück, Verena Konrad, Maria Mair, Francesca GFK=DN9F %AJKL=FFF9N9FDL=F '9JLAF9%J9>;RQC F<J==9*=LJM=K;MMF<9NA<*=LJM;;=DDAu für ihr lebhaftes Interesse an und ihre wertvollen Rückmeldungen zu meiner Arbeit sowie für ihre ?J=FR=FDGK=/FL=JKLkLRMF? MF=JK;@gH|A;@=!=<MD<MF<<9K9DDR=ALOG@DA?=!=E=AFK;@9>LK?=>k@D Herzlichen Dank! Wien, im November 2017 7 F. KÜMMELER, Ländliche Gemeinschaften [...,] Lebenswelten und Gemeinschaftsvorstellungen auf Korčula [...] 8 F. KÜMMELER, Ländliche Gemeinschaften [...,] Lebenswelten und Gemeinschaftsvorstellungen auf Korčula [...] I. Einleitung A. Einführung Die Geschichte der Insel Korčula erweckt in vielerlei Hinsicht den Eindruck eines kaum bearbeiteten Steinbruchs. An verschiedenen Stellen wurden bereits Steine auf der Suche nach Wertvollem gebrochen. Teils wurden diese Bruchstellen jedoch wieder vom Staub und Geröll der Zeit verdeckt. Aus der Nähe betrachtet entpuppt sich der scheinbar verwaiste Steinbruch gleichwohl als Edelsteinmine, die noch viele Schätze birgt – besonders an jenen bisher kaum beachteten Stellen, an denen die Steine noch ungebrochen scheinen. Der riesige Steinbruch der venezianischen Geschichte wirkt im Gegensatz dazu belebt wie ein innerstädtischer Marktplatz. Jeder der dort ME@=JDA=?=F<=F !=KL=AFK:JG;C=F K;@=AFL OA= AE <=DKL=AF{=:=J E=@J>9;@ ?=<J=@L MF< ?=O=F<=L worden zu sein. Diese Szene erscheint umso merkwürdiger, wenn man bedenkt, dass Korčula über mehr als dreieinhalb Jahrhunderte Teil der venezianischen Überseebesitzungen des Stato da Mar war. Und nicht nur als solcher ist die Insel ein faszinierendes Kleinod – auch für Historiker. Korčula verfügte im Gegensatz zu anderen dalmatinischen Inseln über eine Stadt, die viele der zentralisierenden Elemente einer spätmittelalterlichen dalmatinischen Stadt aufwies (inklusive eines Hafens), wurde aber besonders in demographischen und wirtschaftlichen, teils sogar politischen Aspekten stärker durch die Bewohner der Dörfer im ländlichen Raum der Insel geprägt.1 Mitte des 15. Jahrhunderts bildete die Insel Korčula, die sich im Jahr 1420 der venezianischen "=JJK;@9>LMFL=JKL=DDL@9LL= RM<=E<=FKk<DA;@KL=F*MFCL<=KN=F=RA9FAK;@=F"=JJK;@9>LK?=:A=LKAE dalmatinischen Teil des Stato da Mar, während die in Sichtweite gegenüberliegende Halbinsel *=DB=šac bereits zum Territorium der Republik Ragusa (Dubrovnik) gehörte.2 Um die Systematik hinter den territorial zerstreut liegenden, teils sehr kleinen und daher bisweilen disparat wirkenden Territorien des venezianischen Stato da Mar zu verstehen, ist es =KK=FLA=DD <A= =A?=F= *=JKH=CLAN= 9FRMH9KK=F =J1G@DKL9F<0=F=<A?K?JkF<=L= KA;@ RM ?JGl=F 1 Während Rab und Hvar im Spätmittelalter über ihr Umland dominierende urbane Zentren verfügten,.
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