HYBSA -- Minors DIVISION BASEBALL LOCAL RULES
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The Rules of Scoring
THE RULES OF SCORING 2011 OFFICIAL BASEBALL RULES WITH CHANGES FROM LITTLE LEAGUE BASEBALL’S “WHAT’S THE SCORE” PUBLICATION INTRODUCTION These “Rules of Scoring” are for the use of those managers and coaches who want to score a Juvenile or Minor League game or wish to know how to correctly score a play or a time at bat during a Juvenile or Minor League game. These “Rules of Scoring” address the recording of individual and team actions, runs batted in, base hits and determining their value, stolen bases and caught stealing, sacrifices, put outs and assists, when to charge or not charge a fielder with an error, wild pitches and passed balls, bases on balls and strikeouts, earned runs, and the winning and losing pitcher. Unlike the Official Baseball Rules used by professional baseball and many amateur leagues, the Little League Playing Rules do not address The Rules of Scoring. However, the Little League Rules of Scoring are similar to the scoring rules used in professional baseball found in Rule 10 of the Official Baseball Rules. Consequently, Rule 10 of the Official Baseball Rules is used as the basis for these Rules of Scoring. However, there are differences (e.g., when to charge or not charge a fielder with an error, runs batted in, winning and losing pitcher). These differences are based on Little League Baseball’s “What’s the Score” booklet. Those additional rules and those modified rules from the “What’s the Score” booklet are in italics. The “What’s the Score” booklet assigns the Official Scorer certain duties under Little League Regulation VI concerning pitching limits which have not implemented by the IAB (see Juvenile League Rule 12.08.08). -
Base Stealing Philosophy
Base Stealing Philosophy Definition of Base Stealing: A runner(s) trying to take advantage of the defensive team thru good technique and speed going in a straight line to advance a base as the ball is thrown from the pitcher to the catcher. Confidence: The base stealer(s) must feel they have control of the game even though the pitcher is initially in control of the baseball. Comfort: The base stealer must be as comfortable when off the base preparing to steal as they are when just standing on the base. 1) Developing a Base Stealing Philosophy: A TEAM SYSTEM is not based on speed! • PASSION: Coaches must have a passion for the base stealing game to develop their distinct Base Stealing Philosophy that carries the team to more Championships. • DETAILS: Coaches must learn detailed aspects of base stealing. This will help each athlete to execute on that one pitch. Many times the next pitch is too late. • SYSTEM: Base Stealing systems are NOT built on speed but on ALL players being able to use different parts of the system in a game cohesively and affectively. • PRACTICE: Base Stealing must be a part of everyday practice just like defense, hitting, and pitching. Include pitchers in the actual base stealing drills even if some do not ever hit. This will help pitchers know more about how to handle base stealing teams and individual players who pose a threat on the base paths. 2) What is a Team System? • Each athlete is knowledgeable and comfortable at every base • Each athlete and the team are prepared to run in every situation • Each athlete has an understanding of when to continue the steal. -
Stolen Base Physics David Kagan
Stolen Base Physics David Kagan Citation: Phys. Teach. 51, 269 (2013); doi: 10.1119/1.4801351 View online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.4801351 View Table of Contents: http://tpt.aapt.org/resource/1/PHTEAH/v51/i5 Published by the American Association of Physics Teachers Additional information on Phys. Teach. Journal Homepage: http://tpt.aapt.org/ Journal Information: http://tpt.aapt.org/about/about_the_journal Top downloads: http://tpt.aapt.org/most_downloaded Information for Authors: http://www.aapt.org/publications/tptauthors.cfm Downloaded 11 Apr 2013 to 128.174.13.178. Redistribution subject to AAPT license or copyright; see http://tpt.aapt.org/authors/copyright_permission Stolen Base Physics David Kagan, California State University, Chico, Chico, CA ew plays in baseball are as consistently close and excit- ing as the stolen base.1 While there are several studies 2-4 v of sprinting, the art of base stealing is much more slope = a Fnuanced. This article describes the motion of the base- stealing runner using a very basic kinematic model. The mod- - vf + el will be compared to some data from a Major League game. Velocity The predictions of the model show consistency with the skills slope = a needed for effective base stealing. The basic kinematic model Let’s just consider a steal of second base as opposed to Time third or home. The goal of the runner is to minimize the time required to get there. The basic kinematic model breaks the Fig. 1. The velocity-time graph for the kinematic model. It is the shape of the curve that describes the kinematic model, so units total distance between the bases (D = 90.0 ft) into four parts. -
Guide to Softball Rules and Basics
Guide to Softball Rules and Basics History Softball was created by George Hancock in Chicago in 1887. The game originated as an indoor variation of baseball and was eventually converted to an outdoor game. The popularity of softball has grown considerably, both at the recreational and competitive levels. In fact, not only is women’s fast pitch softball a popular high school and college sport, it was recognized as an Olympic sport in 1996. Object of the Game To score more runs than the opposing team. The team with the most runs at the end of the game wins. Offense & Defense The primary objective of the offense is to score runs and avoid outs. The primary objective of the defense is to prevent runs and create outs. Offensive strategy A run is scored every time a base runner touches all four bases, in the sequence of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and home. To score a run, a batter must hit the ball into play and then run to circle the bases, counterclockwise. On offense, each time a player is at-bat, she attempts to get on base via hit or walk. A hit occurs when she hits the ball into the field of play and reaches 1st base before the defense throws the ball to the base, or gets an extra base (2nd, 3rd, or home) before being tagged out. A walk occurs when the pitcher throws four balls. It is rare that a hitter can round all the bases during her own at-bat; therefore, her strategy is often to get “on base” and advance during the next at-bat. -
The Stolen Base Is an Integral Part of the Game of Baseball
THE STOLEN BASE by Lindsay S. Parr A thesis submitted to the Faculty and the Board of Trustees of the Colorado School of Mines in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (Applied Mathematics and Statistics). Golden, Colorado Date Signed: Lindsay S. Parr Signed: Dr. William C. Navidi Thesis Advisor Golden, Colorado Date Signed: Dr. Willy A. Hereman Professor and Head Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics ii ABSTRACT The stolen base is an integral part of the game of baseball. As it is frequent that a player is in a situation where he could attempt to steal a base, it is important to determine when he should try to steal in order to obtain more wins per season for his team. I used a sample of games during the 2012 and 2013 Major League Baseball seasons to see how often players stole in given scenarios based on number of outs, pickoff attempts, runs until the end of the inning, left or right-handed batter/pitcher, run differential, and inning. New stolen base strategies were created using the percentage of opportunities attempted and the percentage of successful attempts for each scenario in the sample, a formula introduced by Bill James for batter/pitcher match-up, and run expectancy. After writing a program in R to simulate baseball games with the ability to change the stolen base strategy, I compared new strategies to the current strategy used to see if they would increase each Major League Baseball team’s average number of wins per season. I found that when using a strategy where a team steals 80% of the time it increases its run expectancy and 20% of the time that it does not, the average number of wins per season increases for a vast majority of teams over using the current strategy. -
Baseball/Softball
SAMPLE SITUTATIONS Situation Enter for batter Enter for runner Hit (single, double, triple, home run) 1B or 2B or 3B or HR Hit to location (LF, CF, etc.) 3B 9 or 2B RC or 1B 6 Bunt single 1B BU Walk, intentional walk or hit by pitch BB or IBB or HP Ground out or unassisted ground out 63 or 43 or 3UA Fly out, pop out, line out 9 or F9 or P4 or L6 Pop out (bunt) P4 BU Line out with assist to another player L6 A1 Foul out FF9 or PF2 Foul out (bunt) FF2 BU or PF2 BU Strikeouts (swinging or looking) KS or KL Strikeout, Fouled bunt attempt on third strike K BU Reaching on an error E5 Fielder’s choice FC 4 46 Double play 643 GDP X Double play (on strikeout) KS/L 24 DP X Double play (batter reaches 1B on FC) FC 554 GDP X Double play (on lineout) L63 DP X Triple play 543 TP X (for two runners) Sacrifi ce fl y F9 SF RBI + Sacrifi ce bunt 53 SAC BU + Sacrifi ce bunt (error on otherwise successful attempt) E2T SAC BU + Sacrifi ce bunt (no error, lead runner beats throw to base) FC 5 SAC BU + Sacrifi ce bunt (lead runner out attempting addtional base) FC 5 SAC BU + 35 Fielder’s choice bunt (one on, lead runner out) FC 5 BU (no sacrifi ce) 56 Fielder’s choice bunt (two on, lead runner out) FC 5 BU (no sacrifi ce) 5U (for lead runner), + (other runner) Catcher or batter interference CI or BI Runner interference (hit by batted ball) 1B 4U INT (awarded to closest fi elder)* Dropped foul ball E9 DF Muff ed throw from SS by 1B E3 A6 Batter advances on throw (runner out at home) 1B + T + 72 Stolen base SB Stolen base and advance on error SB E2 Caught stealing -
Stattrak for Baseball/Softball Statistics Quick Reference
StatTrak for Baseball/Softball Statistics Quick Reference Batting PA Plate Appearances HP Hit by Pitch R Runs CO Catcher's Obstruction H Hits SO Strike Outs 2B Doubles SH Sacrifice Hit (sacrifice bunt) 3B Triples SF Sacrifice Fly HR Home Runs DP Double Plays Hit Into OE Reaching On-Error SB Stolen Bases FC Fielder’s Choice CS Caught Stealing BB Walks RBI Runs Batted In B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 Name Your Own Categories (renamable) BS1, BS2, BS3, BS4, BS5 Create Your Own Statistics (renamable) G Games = Number of Batting records in database AB At Bats = PA - BB - HP - SH - SF - CO 1B Singles = H - 2B - 3B - HR TB Total Bases = H + 2B + (2 x 3B) + (3 x HR) SLG Slugging Percentage = TB / AB OBP On-Base Percentage = (H + BB + HP) / (AB + BB + HP + SF) <=== Major League Method or (H + BB + HP + OE) / (AB + BB + HP + SF) <=== Include OE or (H + BB + HP + FC) / (AB + BB + HP + SF) <=== Include FC or (H + BB + HP + OE + FC) / (AB + BB + HP + SF) <=== Include OE and FC BA Batting Average = H / AB RC Runs Created = ((H + BB) x TB) / (AB + BB) TA Total Average = (TB + SB + BB + HP) / (AB - H + CS + DP) PP Pure Power = SLG - BA SBA Stolen Base Average = SB / (SB + CS) CHS Current Hitting Streak LHS Longest Hitting Streak Pitching IP Innings Pitched SF Sacrifice Fly R Runs WP Wild Pitch ER Earned-Runs Bk Balks BF Batters Faced PO Pick Offs H Hits B Balls 2B Doubles S Strikes 3B Triples GS Games Started HR Home Runs GF Games Finished BB Walks CG Complete Games HB Hit Batter W Wins CO Catcher's Obstruction L Losses SO Strike Outs Sv Saves SH Sacrifice Hit -
NFCA Home Plate: ATEC: Beyond the Basics of Scoring Fastpitch Softball
NFCA Home Plate: ATEC: Beyond the Basics of Scoring Fastpitch Softball by Jeri Findlay Published by National Fastpitch Coaches Association Copyright 1999. All Right Reserved Introduction Basic Guidelines and Scorer Responsibilities Proving A Box Score Percentages and Averages Cumulative Performance Records Called and Forfeited Games Offense: Statistics Offense: Hits Offense: Extra Base Hits Offense: Game Ending Hits Offense: Fielder's Choice Offense: Sacrifices Offense: Runs Batted In (RBI) Offense: Batting Out of Order Offense: Strikeouts Offense: Stolen Bases Offense: Caught Stealing (Unsuccessful Attempt) Defense: Statistics Defense: Errors Defense: Putouts Defense: Assists Defense: Double Play/Triple Play Defense: Throw Outs Pitching: Statistics Pitching: Earned Runs Pitching: Charging Runs Scored (When Relief Pitchers Are Used) Pitching: Strikeouts Pitching: Bases On Balls Pitching: Wild Pitches/Passed Balls Pitching: Winning and Losing Pitcher Pitching: Saves Scoring The Tie-Breaker Some images Copyright www.arttoday.com Web design by Ray Foster. Reproduction of material from any NFCA Home Plate pages without written permission is strictly prohibited. Copyright ©1999 National Fastpitch Coaches Association. NFCA, 409 Vandiver Drive, Suite 5-202, Columbia, MO 65202 TELEPHONE (573) 875-3033 | FAX (573) 875-2924 | EMAIL http://www.nfca.org/indexscoringfp.lasso [1/27/2002 2:21:41 AM] NFCA Homeplate: ATEC: Beyond The Basics of Scoring Fastpitch Softball TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Introduction Basic Guidelines and Scorer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Responsibilities Proving A Box Score Published by: National Softball Coaches Association Percentages and Averages Written by Jeri Findlay, Head Softball Coach, Ball State University Cumulative Performance Records Introduction Called and Forfeited Games Scoring in the game of fastpitch softball seems to be as diversified as the people Offense: Statistics playing it. -
Scorekeeping TUTORIAL for FIRST TIME MSLL SCOREKEEPERS in AA/AAA Thanks for Volunteering to Score This Guide Is Intended to Make the Task Easy
Scorekeeping TUTORIAL FOR FIRST TIME MSLL SCOREKEEPERS IN AA/AAA Thanks for volunteering to score This guide is intended to make the task easy. We’ve tried to be comprehensive while also simplifying the most basic scorekeeping skills. The Scorebook is important. It is the official game record and is used to record every pitch, at bat, and defensive play. The book is used during the game to confirm who is next to bat, how many pitches the pitcher has thrown and where runners were on base before the last play. The book may be used by coaches after the game to calculate player and/or team statistics. Keeping score means that you fill an important role both for your team and the league. It will also help you will deepen your understanding of the game and learn something new every week. To be honest, you will need to really pay attention to the game. If you’re a social butterfly in the stands, then keeping score may not be for you. Who Keeps Score? Both teams keep score for both teams at every game The home team is the “official” scorekeeper The home/visitor scorekeeper should work together to ensure they have the same score Both teams also need to keep a pitch count This is done by a separate volunteer using the Pitch count book Setting up the Scorebook Use a separate page for each team At the top of each page enter: Team Name Check the Home or Visitors box Enter the field where the game is played Enter the game date Enter the game start time At the top of the page enter the Visitor team in the “V” box and the home team in the “H” -
OFFICIAL RULES of SOFTBALL (Copyright by the International Softball Federation Playing Rules Committee)
OFFICIAL RULES OF SOFTBALL (Copyright by the International Softball Federation Playing Rules Committee) New Rules and/or changes are bolded and italicized in each section. References to (SP ONLY) include Co-ed Slow Pitch. Wherever “FAST PITCH ONLY (FP ONLY)” appears in the Official Rules, the same rules apply to Modified Pitch with the exception of the pitching rule. "Any reprinting of THE OFFICIAL RULES without the expressed written consent of the International Softball Federation is strictly prohibited." Wherever "he'' or "him" or their related pronouns may appear in this rule book either as words RULE 1 or as parts of words, they have been used for literary purposes and are meant in their generic sense (i.e. To include all humankind, or both male and female sexes). RULE 1. DEFINITIONS. – Sec. 1. ALTERED BAT. Sec. 1/DEFINITIONS/Altered Bat A bat is altered when the physical structure of a legal bat has been changed. Examples of altering a bat are: replacing the handle of a metal bat with a wooden or other type handle, inserting material inside the bat, applying excessive tape (more than two layers) to the bat grip, or painting a bat at the top or bottom for other than identification purposes. Replacing the grip with another legal grip is not considered altering the bat. A "flare" or "cone" grip attached to the bat is considered an altered bat. Engraved “ID” marking on the knob end only of a metal bat is not considered an altered bat. Engraved “ID” marking on the barrel end of a metal bat is considered an altered bat. -
1. Intro to Scorekeeping
1. Intro To Scorekeeping The following terms will be used on this site: Cell: The term cell refers to the square in which the player’s at-bat is recorded. In this illustration, the cell is the box where the diagram is drawn. Scorecard, Scorebook: Will be used interchangeably and refer to the sheet that records the player and scoring information during a baseball game. Scorekeeper: Refers to someone on a team that keeps the score for the purposes of the team. Official Scorer: The designated person whose scorekeeping is considered the official record of the game. The Official Scorer is not a member of either team. Baseball’s Defensive Positions To “keep score” of a baseball game it is essential to know the defensive positions and their shorthand representation. For example, the number “1” is used to refer to the pitcher (P). NOTE : In the younger levels of youth baseball leagues 10 defensive players are used. This 10 th position is know as the Short Center Fielder (SC) and is positioned between second base and the second baseman, on the beginning of the outfield grass. The Short Center Fielder bats and can be placed anywhere in the batting lineup. Defensive Positions, Numbers & Abbreviations Position Number Defensive Position Position Abbrev. 1 Pitcher P 2 Catcher C 3 First Baseman 1B 4 Second Baseman 2B 5 Third Baseman 3B 6 Short Stop SS 7 Left Fielder LF 8 Center Fielder CF 9 Right Fielder RF 10 Short Center Fielder SC The illustration below shows the defensive position for the defense. Notice the short center fielder is illustrated for those that are scoring youth league games. -
Which Baseball Statistic Is the Most Important When Determining Team Success?
The Park Place Economist Volume 13 Issue 1 Article 12 4-2005 Which Baseball Statistic Is the Most Important When Determining Team Success? Adam Houser '05 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/parkplace Recommended Citation Houser '05, Adam (2005) "Which Baseball Statistic Is the Most Important When Determining Team Success?," The Park Place Economist: Vol. 13 Available at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/parkplace/vol13/iss1/12 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Commons @ IWU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This material has been accepted for inclusion by faculty at Illinois Wesleyan University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. Which Baseball Statistic Is the Most Important When Determining Team Success? Abstract The way to measure individual productivity in any working environment is to track individual performance in a working atmosphere. Individuals who work on a commission-based salary have more incentive to work harder, thus more efficiently. The best industry which monitors productivity is clearly the game of baseball, due to its uncanny ability to measure productivity through the countless statistics that are available.