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Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee

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EMINENT PARLIAMENTARIANS MONOGRAPH SERIES DR. SYAMA PRASAD MOOKERJEE LOt< SABHA SECRETARIAT NEW DELHI '1990 LSS(PRIS-LC)I EPM/3 © Lok Sabha Secretariat, 1990 June, 1990 Price: Rs. SO.OO Published under rule 382 of the Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business in Lok Sabha (Seventh Edition) and printed by the Manager, Photo-Utho Wing, Government of India Press, Minto Road, New Delhi. Preface With a view to pay homage to eminent Parliamentarians and to recall, remember and place on record the contributions made by them to our national and parliamentary life, the Indian Parliamentary Group has, for some time, been celebrating the birth centenaries of some of our eminent Parliamentarians. In this connection, a new Series known as the 'Eminent Parliamentarians Monograph Series' was started in March 1990, with a Monograph on Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia. The present Monograph - the third in the Series is an attempt to recall the services rendered and contributions made by a Parliamentarian of great distinction, Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee. To celebrate the birth centenary of the veteran Parliamentarian that Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee was, a function is being held on 6 July 1990, when, as a part of the celebrations, the present Monograph, being brought out in Hindi as well as in English, will be released. The Monograph consists of three parts. Part One contains a brief profile of Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee, giving a few glimpses of his eventful life. Part Two contains four articles - first by Professor BaI Raj Madhok, a former Member of Parliament and a close associate of Dr. Mookerjee; the second by Professor Hiren Mukherjee, a stalwart of our early Parliamentary life and a contemporary of Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee who inspite of basic ideological divergence, is obliged to 'salute' this "outstanding public figure and Parliamentarian"; the third by Ch. Ranbir Singh, one of the members of the Constituent Assembly and a former Member of Parliament, who as a contemporary of Dr. Mookerjee had the opportunity of observing him from close quarters; and the fourth one by Shri K.R. Malkani, a joumalist of eminence, presently associated with the Deendayal Research Institute. We are highly grateful to them for their valuable contributions. (ii) Part Three contains excerpts from some select speeches of Dr. Mookerjee delivered in the Constituent Assembly, Provisional Parliament and First Lok Sabha, while paticipating in debates on a variety of issues and problems the nation faced immediately before and soon after the attainment of independence. While editing the speeches so rendered, every attempt has been made to retain, to the extent possible, the cut and thrust of his unique style. On the occasion of his birth anniversay, we pay our respectful tributes to the memory of Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee and hope that this Monograph would be read with interest and found useful. SUBHASH C. KASHYAP Secretary-General. Lok Sabha & New Delhi; Secretary-General. June 1990. Indian Parliamentary Group Contents PART ONE Hie LIt. 1 DR. SYAMA PRASAD MOOKERJEE A Profile PART TWO ArtIcIee 2 DR. MOOKERJEE AND KASHMIR Prof. BaI Raj Madhok (15) 3 REMEMBERING SYAMA PRASAD MOOKERJEE Prof. Hiren Mukherjee (23) 4 DR. SYAMA PRASAD MOOKERJEE : SOME REMINISCENCES Ch. Ranbir Singh (26) I DR. SYAMA PRASAD MOOKERJEE: A GREAT LIFE GREATLY LIVED K.B. Malkani (30) (iv) PART THREE HI. Ideas EXCERPTS FROM SOME SELECT SPEECHES OF DR. MOOKERJEE IN CONSTITUENT ASSEMBL Y/ PROVISIONAL PARLIAMENTILOK SABHA 6 CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY : ITS CONSTITUTION AND CHARACTER (37) 7 HINDI AS THE NATIONAL LANGUAGE (45) 8 INDIA VIS-A-VIS INTERNATIONAL SITUATION (53) • PREVENTIVE DETENTION (61) 10 THE HINDU CODE BIU (82) 11 LINGUISTIC STATES (99) (v) 12 THE KASHMIR ISSUE (109) 13 MIGRATIONS BETWEEN PAKISTAN AND INDIA (124) 14 FOREIGN POLICY OF INDIA (153) 15 ELECTORAl REFORMS (164) 16 CIVIL SERVANTS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH CERTAIN ORGANISATIONS (169) 17 STATEMENT BY DR. SYAMA PRASAD MOOKERJEE ON HIS RESIGNATION AS MINISTER OF INDUSTRY AND SUPPLY (175) PAR TON E· HIs ute .... ." 1 Dr. Syama Pra_ltd Mookerlee: A Profile One of the founding fathers of independent sovereign India, Dr. Syama Prasad Mookerjee was a· great patriot, educationist, parliamentarian, statesman, humanitarian and above all, a campaigner for national unity and integrity. Born on 6 July, 1901 in Calcutta, Syama Prasad inherited a rich tradition 'of erudite SCholarship, fervent nationalism and fearlesSness from his father, Sir Ashutosh Mookerjee, who as the Vice-Chancellor of the Calcutta University and a Judge of the Calcutta High Court occupied a unique position in the life of Bengal. His mother, Smt. Jogamaya Devi, was a devout Hindu lady, devoted entirely to her husband, family and Dharma. Being an upper-class Brahmin family with a high social Ntus, the Mookerjee house in Bhowanipur, Calcutta, was knov n as much for its "Poojas" as for its being an abode of Sal 1swati. Young Syama Prasad grew in an atmosphere where he could watch poojas, religious ceremonies and rituals and also listen to discussions on the most modem and scientific subjects bet- ween his father and great scholars coming from all parts of India and abroad. This, in fact, created in him, deep respect for India's age-old cu.lture and close attachment to western thought and learning. A haJ)py blending of Hindu spirituality, tolerance and humanity with scientific outlook and broad understanding, characterised ~ Bfe of Syama Prasad throughout, both as an academician and as a parliamentarian. His Educ.tlon Dr. Syama Ptosad Mookerjee, had his schooling at the Miller Institute, Bhowanipur which was specially instituted by Shri Bisheshwar Mittel' on the inspiration of his father Sir Ashutosh. The hard training at home and school, coupled with filial care of Sir Ashutosh,. enabled the inborn qualities and briHiance of Syama Prasad to shine forth. While still at school, he would read books prescribed for F .A. and B.A. His father often used to 1 2143LS-l 2 take "him to the Calcutta University which gave him an oppor- tunity to exchange views with the University Professors. At the age of sixteen, he passed his matriculation examina- tion from Mitter Institute with a scholarship and joined the Presidency College, Calcutta. He stood first in the University in Inter Arts examination in 1919 anci passed B.A. examination with Honours in English in 1921, securing first class first. But the nationalist in Syama Prasad never allowed him to take up English for M.A. He, therefore, took Indian vernacular - Bengali and one another Indian language - instead of English for his M.A. which he passed with a first class in 1923. Thp. taking up of an Indian vernacular for his M.A. was in keeping with his father's policy of according Bengali and other Indian languages their rightful place in the University education which, till then, was dominated by English alone. In April, 1922, when he was doing his M.A., he was married to Sudha Devi, who became mother of his four children before she died in 1934. Syama Prasad, at that time a youngman of only 33, however, decided not to remarry. The brilliant record that he had at the University established his reputation as a student and he was appointed General Secretary of the Presidency College Magazine which was a great honour for young Syama Prasad. The editorship of the College magazine provided him the first opportunity for self- expression and, for 'Some time, drew him to the field of journalism. He started "Bang Wani", a Bengali journal, in 1922 and also wrote in 1923-24, a regular feature for 'Capital', edited by Pat Lovell under the pen name "Ditch". This lure for journalism was a passing phase though he took to it again in forties when he started his own daily from Calcutta called "The Nationalist" . In 1924, he passed his B.L., once again standing first in the University. He also had to his credit the degrees of D.Litt. and LL.D. In 1927, he was called to the English Bar from the Lincoln's Inn (England), which he had joined in 1926. He did nul. however, practise law. While in England, he ably rep- resf'nted Calcutta university at the Conference of the Univer- 3 sities of the British Empire and from then on, began to be counted as one of the feading educationists of India. Youngest VIce-Chancellor The death of his father in 1923, whom he had been assisting in running the Calcutta University from his student days, brought him into the educational field even while he was still a student. He was known to have the closest insight into the educational plans and policies of his Vice-Chancellor father. He was elected to the University Senate and Syndicate in 1924 and represented the Calcutta University as a Congress candi- date in the Bengal Legislative Council. In 1930 when the Congress decided to boycott the legislatures, he resigned his seat in the Legislative Council, but soon re-entered the Council as an independent candidate, with a view to safeguard the interests of his university. His main occupation, however, continued to be service to the cause of education. In 1934, Syama Prasad became the youngest Vice-Chancel- lor of Calcutta University, which gave him the opportunity to put his aims and ideals regarding education of his people in practice. It was under his Vice-Chancellorship that Rabindra Nath Tagore delivered his convocation address in Bengali which marked the beginning of the end of the era of English superiority over Bengali and other Indian languages. As a Nationalist The introduction in 1937 of the Provincial part of the Government of India Act of 1935 and the elections to the Provincial Legislatures gave a new twist to the situation in the country.
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