Ionic Conduction in the Solid State
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
A Solid-State and Flexible Supercapacitor That Operates Across a Wide Temperature Range
A Solid-State and Flexible Supercapacitor that Operates Across a Wide Temperature Range Ardalan Chaichi1,†, Gokul Venugopalan2,†, Ram Devireddy1, Christopher Arges2,*, Manas Ranjan Gartia1,* 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA 70803 2Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA 70803 † Equal contribution * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract Electrochemical properties of most supercapacitor devices degrade quickly when the operating temperature deviates from room temperature. In order to exploit the potential of rGO in supercapacitors at extreme temperatures, a resilient electrolyte that is functional over a wide- temperature range is also required. In this study, we have implemented a flexible, low-resistant solid-state electrolyte membrane (SSEM) into symmetric rGO electrodes to realize supercapacitor devices that operate in the temperature range of -70 °C to 220 °C. The SSEM consists of a polycation-polybenzimidazole blend that is doped with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and this material displays uniquely high conductivity values that range from 50 mS cm-1 to 278 mS cm-1 in the temperature range of -25 °C to 220 °C. The fabricated supercapacitor produced a maximum capacitance of 6.8 mF cm-2 at 100 °C. Energy and power densities ranged from 0.83 to 2.79 mW h cm-2 and 90 to 125 mW cm-2, respectively. The energy storage mechanism with a SSEM occurs by excess H3PO4 migrating from the membrane host into the electrochemical double layer in rGO electrodes. The high temperature operation is enabled by the polycation in the SSEM anchoring phosphate type of anions preventing H3PO4 evaporation. -
Module 3: Defects, Diffusion and Conduction in Ceramics Introduction
Objectives_template Module 3: Defects, Diffusion and Conduction in Ceramics Introduction In this module, we will discuss about migration of the defects which happens via an atomistic process called as diffusion. Diffusivity of species in the materials is also related to their physical properties such as electrical conductivity and mobility via Nernst-Einestein relation which we shall derive. As we shall also see, the conductivity in ceramics is a sum of ionic and electronic conductivity and the ratio of two determines the applicability of ceramic materials for applications. Subsequently framework will be established for understanding the temperature dependence of conductivity via a simple atomistic model leading to the same conclusions as predicted by the diffusivity model. Subsequently we will look into the conduction in glasses and look at some examples of fast ion conductors, material of importance for a variety of applications. Presence of charged defects in ceramics also means the existence of electrical potential gradients, in addition to the chemical gradient, which results in a unified equation for electrochemical potential. Finally, we will look at a few important applications for conducting ceramic materials. The Module contains: Diffusion Diffusion Kinetics Examples of Diffusion in Ceramics Mobility and Diffusivity Analogue to the Electrical Properties Conduction in Ceramics vis-à-vis metallic conductors: General Information Ionic Conduction: Basic Facts Ionic and Electronic Conductivity Characteristics of Ionic Conduction Theory of Ionic Conduction Conduction in Glasses Fast Ion Conductors Examples of Ionic Conduction Electrochemical Potential Nernst Equation and Application of Ionic Conductors Examples of Ionic Conductors in Engineering Applications Summary Suggested Reading: file:///C|/Documents%20and%20Settings/iitkrana1/Desktop/new_electroceramics_14may,2012/lecture13/13_1.htm[5/25/2012 3:03:41 PM] Objectives_template Physical Ceramics: Principles for Ceramic Science and Engineering, Y.-M. -
Advances in Materials Design for All-Solid-State Batteries: from Bulk to Thin Films
applied sciences Review Advances in Materials Design for All-Solid-state Batteries: From Bulk to Thin Films Gene Yang 1, Corey Abraham 2, Yuxi Ma 1, Myoungseok Lee 1, Evan Helfrick 1, Dahyun Oh 2,* and Dongkyu Lee 1,* 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; [email protected] (G.Y.); [email protected] (Y.M.); [email protected] (M.L.); [email protected] (E.H.) 2 Chemical and Materials Engineering Department, Charles W. Davidson College of Engineering, San José State University, San José, CA 95192-0080, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (D.O.); [email protected] (D.L.) Received: 15 June 2020; Accepted: 7 July 2020; Published: 9 July 2020 Featured Application: All solid-state lithium batteries, all solid-state thin-film lithium batteries. Abstract: All-solid-state batteries (SSBs) are one of the most fascinating next-generation energy storage systems that can provide improved energy density and safety for a wide range of applications from portable electronics to electric vehicles. The development of SSBs was accelerated by the discovery of new materials and the design of nanostructures. In particular, advances in the growth of thin-film battery materials facilitated the development of all solid-state thin-film batteries (SSTFBs)—expanding their applications to microelectronics such as flexible devices and implantable medical devices. However, critical challenges still remain, such as low ionic conductivity of solid electrolytes, interfacial instability and difficulty in controlling thin-film growth. In this review, we discuss the evolution of electrode and electrolyte materials for lithium-based batteries and their adoption in SSBs and SSTFBs. -
Development and Fabrication of a 1.5 F – 5 V Solid State Supercapacitor
Development and fabrication of a 1.5 F – 5 V solid state supercapacitor Pietro Staiti and Francesco Lufrano CNR-ITAE, ISTITUTO DI TECNOLOGIE AVANZATE PER L’ENERGIA “NICOLA GIORDANO” Via Salita S. Lucia sopra Contesse n. 5 Messina, Italy Phone: 0039 090 624226 / fax: 0039 090 624247 E-mail: [email protected] Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche that has financially supported the research project for the development of this type of supercapacitor. Keywords Supercapacitor, energy storage, solid electrolyte, acidic electrolyte. Abstract A five cells supercapacitor prototype with special electrolyte is designed and fabricated at the Institute CNR-ITAE of Messina. It has a nominal capacitance of 1.5 F and a maximum voltage of 5 V. The electrodes of prototype are formed of high surface area carbon material and Nafion ionomer. Nafion is used as an electrolyte membrane separator between the electrodes of each single cell and as a binder/ion conductor in the electrodes. The fabricated prototype achieves specific capacitance of 114 F/g (referred to the weight of active carbon materials for single electrode), that is comparable to the specific capacitance previously obtained from a smaller scale single cell of same type of supercapacitor. A power density of 1.4 kW/l and a RC-time constant of 0.3 s have been calculated for the device. Introduction Electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) or supercapacitors (SCs) are promising energy storage devices, which are being considered for applications such as electric vehicles, uninterruptible power systems, and computer memory protection. Their main characteristic is the excellent high-rate charging-discharging ability that makes these devices, referring to this specific aspect, more efficient than batteries and fuel cells. -
Fabrication and Testing of All-Solid-State Nanoscale Lithium Batteries Using Lipon for Electrolytes
E3S Web of Conferences 53, 01008 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185301008 ICAEER 2018 Fabrication and Testing of All-solid-state Nanoscale Lithium Batteries Using LiPON for Electrolytes Feihu Tan1, XiaoPing Liang1, Feng Wei1 and Jun Du2, * 1State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing, China. 2General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing, China. Abstract. The amorphous LiPON thin film was obtained by using the crystalline Li3PO4 target and the RF magnetron sputtering method at a N2 working pressure of 1 Pa. and then the morphology and composition of LiPON thin films are analysed by SEM and EDS. SEM shows that the film was compact and smooth, while EDS shows that the content of N in LiPON thin film was about 17.47%. The electrochemical properties of Pt/LiPON/Pt were analysed by EIS, and the ionic conductivity of LiPON thin films was -7 3.8×10 S/cm. By using the hard mask in the magnetron sputtering process, the all-solid-state thin film battery with Si/Ti/Pt/LiCoO2/LiPON/Li4Ti5O12/Pt structure was prepared, and its electrical properties were studied. As for this thin film battery, the open circuit voltage was 1.9 V and the first discharge specific capacity was 34.7 μAh/cm2·μm at a current density of 5 μA/cm-2,indicating that is promising in all-solid- state thin film batteries. 1 Introduction conductivity, [13-15] the ionic conductivity of LiPON films prepared by magnetron sputtering is up to ~10-6 S/cm, Lithium ion battery is a common energy supply unit in therefore, LiPON films were prepared by magnetron the current equipment. -
Thin-Film Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries
Solid State Ionics 135 (2000) 33±45 www.elsevier.com/locate/ssi Thin-®lm lithium and lithium-ion batteries J.B. Bates, N.J. Dudney* , B. Neudecker, A. Ueda, C.D. Evans Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6030, USA Abstract Research over the last decade at Oak Ridge National Laboratory has led to the development of solid-state thin-®lm lithium and lithium-ion batteries. The batteries, which are less than 15 mm thick, have important applications in a variety of consumer and medical products, and they are useful research tools in characterizing the properties of lithium intercalation compounds in thin-®lm form. The batteries consist of cathodes that are crystalline or nanocrystalline oxide-based lithium intercalation compounds such as LiCoO224 and LiMn O , and anodes of lithium metal, inorganic compounds such as silicon±tin oxynitrides, Sn34 N and Zn 32 N , or metal ®lms such as Cu in which the anode is formed by lithium plating on the initial charge. The electrolyte is a glassy lithium phosphorus oxynitride (`Lipon'). Cells with crystalline LiCoO2 cathodes can deliver up to 30% of their maximum capacity between 4.2 and 3 V at discharge currents of 10 mA/cm2 , and at more moderate discharge±charge rates, the capacity decreases by negligible amounts over thousands of cycles. Thin ®lms of crystalline lithium manganese oxide with the general composition Li11x Mn22y O4 exhibit on the initial charge signi®cant capacity at 5 V and, depending on the deposition process, at 4.6 V as well, as a consequence of the manganese de®ciency±lithium excess. -
Electrochemical Performances of Vitreous Materials in the System Li2o–V2O5–P2O5 As Electrode for Lithium Batteries
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible This is an author’s version published in: http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/24437 Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2013.02.006 To cite this version: Delaizir, Gaëlle and Seznec, vincent and Rozier, Patrick and Surcin, Christine and Salles, Philippe and Dollé, Mickael Electrochemical performances of vitreous materials in the system Li2O–V2O5–P2O5 as electrode for lithium batteries. (2013) Solid State Ionics, 237. 22-27. ISSN 0167-2738 Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the repository administrator: [email protected] Electrochemical performances of vitreous materials in the system Li2O–V2O5–P2O5 as electrode for lithium batteries G. Delaizir a, V. Seznec b, P. Rozier c, C. Surcin b, P. Salles c, M. Dollé c,⁎ a Sciences des Procédés Céramiques et de Traitements de Surface, SPCTS UMR CNRS 7315, Centre Européen de la Céramique, 12 rue Atlantis, 87068 Limoges, France b Laboratoire de réactivité et chimie des solides (LRCS), Université de Picardie Jules-Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France c Centre d'Elaboration des Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales, CEMES-CNRS, UPR 8011, 29 rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse cedex 4, France article info abstract Glass composition 25Li2O 50V2O5 25P2O5 has been investigated as a potential material for electrode. Electrical Keywords: properties as well as electrochemical performances of this glass composition have been characterized and results Oxide glasses show a capacity less than 80 mAh g−1 when tested in the [3 4.5 V] potential window. -
Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries: Mechanisms and Properties Governing Ion Conduction
Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries: Mechanisms and Properties Governing Ion Conduction The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Bachman, John Christopher, Sokseiha Muy, Alexis Grimaud, Hao-Hsun Chang, Nir Pour, Simon F. Lux, Odysseas Paschos, et al. “Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries: Mechanisms and Properties Governing Ion Conduction.” Chemical Reviews 116, no. 1 (January 13, 2016): 140–162. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00563 Publisher American Chemical Society (ACS) Version Author's final manuscript Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/109539 Terms of Use Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. A Review of Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries: Mechanisms and Properties Governing Ion Conduction John Christopher Bachman1,2,‡, Sokseiha Muy1,3,‡, Alexis Grimaud1,4,‡, Hao-Hsun Chang1,4, Nir Pour1,4, Simon F. Lux5, Odysseas Paschos6, Filippo Maglia6, Saskia Lupart6, Peter Lamp6, Livia Giordano1,4,7 and Yang Shao-Horn1,2,3,4 * 1Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 4Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States 5BMW Group Technology Office USA, Mountain View, California 94043, United -
ABSTRACT METAL ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION INDUCED by FAST ION CONDUCTION in NATURAL and SYNTHETIC WIRE SILVER by Calvin J. Anderson A
ABSTRACT METAL ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION INDUCED BY FAST ION CONDUCTION IN NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC WIRE SILVER by Calvin J. Anderson An unusual metal isotope fractionation has been observed in association with the growth of wire silver, whose unique texture and morphology can be explained by superionic + conduction of Ag in Ag2S. This constitutes the first recognition of mass migration by fast ion conduction in nature. Stable Ag isotope analysis revealed natural wire silver is normally enriched in the heavy isotope 109Ag, while common fractionation mechanisms would predict the opposite. In synthetic wires grown at high temperature (>450°C), this fractionation is amplified by an order of magnitude more than expected by any known isotope effect. This may indicate a previously unrecognized isotope fractionation mechanism associated with superionic conductors in nature and in general, which would have important implications for the geochemistry of ore deposits, as well as fast-ion technologies including atomic switches and solid-state ion batteries. METAL ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION INDUCED BY FAST ION CONDUCTION IN NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC WIRE SILVER A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Miami University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science by Calvin J. Anderson Miami University Oxford, Ohio 2018 Advisor: John Rakovan Reader: Mark Krekeler Reader: Elisabeth Widom ©2018 Calvin J. Anderson This Thesis titled METAL ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION INDUCED BY FAST ION CONDUCTION IN NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC WIRE SILVER by Calvin -
Ab Initio Investigation of the Stability of Electrolyte/Electrode Interfaces in All-Solid-State Na Batteries
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Recent Work Title Ab initio investigation of the stability of electrolyte/electrode interfaces in all-solid-state Na batteries Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2jb9x0h6 Journal Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 7(14) ISSN 2050-7488 Authors Lacivita, V Wang, Y Bo, SH et al. Publication Date 2019 DOI 10.1039/c8ta10498k Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Journal of Materials Chemistry A View Article Online PAPER View Journal Ab initio investigation of the stability of electrolyte/ electrode interfaces in all-solid-state Na batteries† Cite this: DOI: 10.1039/c8ta10498k Valentina Lacivita, *a Yan Wang, b Shou-Hang Boc and Gerbrand Ceder*ad All-solid-state batteries show great potential for achieving high energy density with less safety problems; however, (electro)chemical issues at the solid electrolyte/electrode interface may severely limit their performance. In this work, the electrochemical stability and chemical reactivity of a wide range of potential Na solid-state electrolyte chemistries were investigated using density functional theory calculations. In general, lower voltage limits are predicted for both the reduction and oxidation of Na compounds compared with those of their Li counterparts. The lower reduction limits for the Na compounds indicate their enhanced cathodic stability as well as the possibility of stable sodium metal cycling against a number of oxides and borohydrides. With increasing Na content (or chemical potential), improved cathodic stability but also reduced anodic stability are observed. An increase in the oxidation voltage is shown for Na polyanion systems, including borohydrides, NaSICON-type oxides, and Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported Licence. -
Practical Challenges and Future Perspectives of All-Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries, Chem (2018)
Please cite this article in press as: Xia et al., Practical Challenges and Future Perspectives of All-Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries, Chem (2018), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2018.11.013 Review Practical Challenges and Future Perspectives of All-Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries Shuixin Xia,1,4 Xinsheng Wu,1,4 Zhichu Zhang,1 Yi Cui,2,3,* and Wei Liu1,* The fundamental understandings and technological innovations in lithium-ion The Bigger Picture batteries are essential for delivering high energy density, stable cyclability, Lithium-ion batteries are one of and cost-effective energy storages with the growing demands in the applica- the most promising energy- tions of electrical vehicles and smart grid. Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are storage devices for their high more promising than organic liquid electrolyte in terms of excellent safety in energy density, superior cycling developing lithium-metal anode as well as other high-capacity cathode chemis- stability, and light weight. tries, such as sulfur and oxygen. Considerable efforts have been made to give However, the state-of-the-art birth to the superionic conductors with ionic conductivities higher than lithium-ion batteries cannot satisfy À À 10 3 Scm 1 at room temperature. However, the high interfacial impedances the rising demand of high energy from the poor compatibility of SSEs with electrodes limit their practical applica- density. Advanced lithium tions, which are discussed in this review. Furthermore, the recent advances batteries based on metallic and critical challenges for all-solid-state lithium-metal batteries based on the lithium anodes could provide cathode materials of lithium-intercalation compounds, sulfur, and oxygen are higher energy density and thus overviewed, and their future developments are also prospected. -
Solid State Electrochemical Oxygen Separation and Compression
49th International Conference on Environmental Systems ICES-2019-379 7-11 July 2019, Boston, Massachusetts Solid State Electrochemical Oxygen Separation and Compression Michael Reisert1, Ashish Aphale2, Boxun Hu3, Su Jeong Heo4, Junsung Hong5, and Prabhakar Singh6 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 Dale Taylor7 American Oxygen, Salt Lake City, UT and John Graf8 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX Ceramic solid state electrochemical oxygen separation and compression systems offer the ease of producing high purity and high pressure oxygen from a variety of gaseous streams representative of ambient and constrained systems exposure conditions (terrestrial and space). The electrochemical cells utilize exclusive oxygen ion conducting membranes (fluorites, doped) and operate in 550-850 °C temperature range. Advanced perovskites synthesized from non-noble and non-strategic materials serve as electrodes for both oxygen reduction and evolution. A number of electrochemical cells, connected in series using dense electronically conducting perovskite interconnect form the basis of “cell stack” for increased oxygen production. Thermochemical-electrochemical principles for oxygen separation and compression will be discussed. Materials for the construction of cells and stack along with fabrication techniques will be examined and basis for the selection will be described. Approaches for the electrochemical performance improvement will be discussed. Nomenclature VN = Nernst voltage LSCF = lanthanum