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Wei Jingsheng and the Democracy Movement in Post-Mao China Merle David Kellerhals Jr
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Institute for the Humanities Theses Institute for the Humanities Summer 1998 Wei Jingsheng and the Democracy Movement in Post-Mao China Merle David Kellerhals Jr. Old Dominion University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/humanities_etds Part of the Asian History Commons, and the Political History Commons Recommended Citation Kellerhals, Merle D.. "Wei Jingsheng and the Democracy Movement in Post-Mao China" (1998). Master of Arts (MA), thesis, Humanities, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/7pt4-vv58 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/humanities_etds/13 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Institute for the Humanities at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Institute for the Humanities Theses by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WEI JINGSHENG AND THE DEMOCRACY MOVEMENT IN POST-MAO CHINA by Merle David Kellerhals, Jr B A. May 1995, College of Charleston A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS HUMANITIES OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY August 1998 Approved by: Jin Qiu (Director) hen Jie (Member) David Putney (Member) Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1391982 Copyright 1999 by Kellerhals/ Merle David, Jr. All rights reserved. UMI Microform 1391982 Copyright 1998, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. -
G3 Malala Biography
Malala Yousafzai - Biographical Malala Yousafzai was born on July 12, 1997, in Mingora, the largest city in the Swat Valley in what is now the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. She is the daughter of Ziauddin and Tor Pekai Yousafzai and has two younger brothers. At a very young age, Malala developed a thirst for knowledge. For years her father, a passionate education advocate himself, ran a learning institution in the city, and school was a big part of Malala's family. She later wrote that her father told her stories about how she would toddle into classes even before she could talk and acted as if she were the teacher. In 2007, when Malala was ten years old, the situation in the Swat Valley rapidly changed for her family and community. The Taliban began to control the Swat Valley and quickly became the dominant socio-political force throughout much of northwestern Pakistan. Girls were banned from attending school, and cultural activities like dancing and watching television were prohibited. Suicide attacks were widespread, and the group made its opposition to a proper education for girls a cornerstone of its terror campaign. By the end of 2008, the Taliban had destroyed some 400 schools. Determined to go to school and with a firm belief in her right to an education, Malala stood up to the Taliban. Alongside her father, Malala quickly became a critic of their tactics. "How dare the Taliban take away my basic right to education?" she once said on Pakistani TV. In early 2009, Malala started to blog anonymously on the Urdu language site of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). -
Envisioning and Contesting a New Lebanon? Actors, Issues and Dynamics Following the October Protests About International Alert
Envisioning and contesting a new Lebanon? Actors, issues and dynamics following the October protests About International Alert International Alert works with people directly affected by conflict to build lasting peace. We focus on solving the root causes of conflict, bringing together people from across divides. From the grassroots to policy level, we come together to build everyday peace. Peace is just as much about communities living together, side by side, and resolving their differences without resorting to violence, as it is about people signing a treaty or laying down their arms. That is why we believe that we all have a role to play in building a more peaceful future. www.international-alert.org © International Alert 2020 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without full attribution. Layout: Marc Rechdane Front cover image: © Ali Hamouch Envisioning and contesting a new Lebanon? Actors, issues and dynamics following the October protests Muzna Al-Masri, Zeina Abla and Rana Hassan August 2020 2 | International Alert Envisioning and contesting a new Lebanon? Acknowledgements International Alert would like to thank the research team: Muzna Al-Masri, Zeina Abla and Rana Hassan, as well as Aseel Naamani, Ruth Simpson and Ilina Slavova from International Alert for their review and input. We are also grateful for the continuing support from our key funding partners: the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs; the Irish Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade; and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency. -
Analysis of Platforms in Lebanon's 2018 Parliamentary Election
ا rلeمtركnزe اCل لبeنsانneي aلbلeدرLا eساThت LCPS for Policy Studies r e p a 9 Analysis of Platforms 1 P 0 2 y a y M in Lebanon's 2018 c i l o Parliamentary Election P Nizar Hassan Founded in 1989, the Lebanese Center for Policy Studies is a Beirut-based independent, non-partisan think tank whose mission is to produce and advocate policies that improve good governance in fields such as oil and gas, economic development, public finance, and decentralization. Copyright© 2019 The Lebanese Center for Policy Studies Designed by Polypod Executed by Dolly Harouny Sadat Tower, Tenth Floor P.O.B 55-215, Leon Street, Ras Beirut, Lebanon T: + 961 1 79 93 01 F: + 961 1 79 93 02 [email protected] www.lcps-lebanon.org Analysis of Platforms in Lebanon's 2018 Parliamentary Election 1 1 Nizar Hassan The author would like to thank Sami Nizar Hassan is a former researcher at the Lebanese Center for Policy Studies. He Atallah, John McCabe, and Georgia Dagher for their contributions to this paper. holds an M.Sc. in Labour, Social Movements and Development from the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. At LCPS, his work focused on Lebanese political parties and movements and their policy platforms. His master’s research examined protest movements in Lebanon and he currently researches political behavior in the districts of Chouf and Aley. Nizar co-hosts ‘The Lebanese Politics Podcast’, and his previous work has included news reporting and non-profit project management. 2 LCPS Policy Paper Introduction Prior to the May 2018 Lebanese Parliamentary Election, a majority of 2 2 political parties and emerging political groups launched electoral Henceforth referred to as 'emerging platforms outlining their political and socioeconomic goals and means groups'. -
Comparative European Party Systems
COMPARATIVE EUROPEAN PARTY SYSTEMS Comparative European Party Systems, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive analysis across 48 party systems of party competition, electoral systems and their effects, and the classification of party systems and governments from 1945 through late-2018. The book consists of three parts. Part I provides a comparative and quantitative overview of party systems according to party families, patterns of party competition, electoral systems and their effects, and classification of party systems and governments. Part II consists of 38 detailed country profiles of longstanding democracies and of the European Union (plus nine profiles on regions such as in Spain and the UK), providing essential detail on the electoral systems, parties, party patterns and systems, dimensions of political competition, and governments. Part III provides an analysis of 10 additional country profiles of oscillating regimes such as Russia, Ukraine, and Balkan and Transcaucasus states. Comparative European Party Systems provides an excellent overview of topical issues in comparative election and party system research and presents a wealth of information and quantitative data. It is a crucial reference for scholars and students of European and comparative politics, elections, electoral systems, and parties and party systems. Alan Siaroff is Professor of Political Science at the University of Lethbridge, Canada. COMPARATIVE EUROPEAN PARTY SYSTEMS An Analysis of Parliamentary Elections Since 1945 Second Edition Alan Siaroff Second edition published 2019 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2019 Alan Siaroff The right of Alan Siaroff to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. -
The Specter of Sunni Military Mobilization in Lebanon
The Specter of Sunni Military Mobilization in Lebanon Patricio Asfura-Heim • Chris Steinitz with contributions by Ghassan Schbley Cleared for public release DOP-2013-U-006349-Final November 2013 Strategic Studies is a division of CNA. This directorate conducts analyses of security policy, regional analyses, studies of political-military issues, and strategy and force assessments. CNA Strategic Studies is part of the glob- al community of strategic studies institutes and in fact collaborates with many of them. On the ground experience is a hallmark of our regional work. Our specialists combine in-country experience, language skills, and the use of local primary-source data to produce empirically based work. All of our analysts have advanced degrees, and virtually all have lived and worked abroad. Similarly, our strategists and military/naval operations experts have either active duty experience or have served as field analysts with operating Navy and Marine Corps commands. They are skilled at anticipating the “prob- lem after next” as well as determining measures of effectiveness to assess ongoing initiatives. A particular strength is bringing empirical methods to the evaluation of peace-time engagement and shaping activities. The Strategic Studies Division’s charter is global. In particular, our analysts have proven expertise in the follow- ing areas: The full range of Asian security issues The full range of Middle East related security issues, especially Iran and the Arabian Gulf Maritime strategy Insurgency and stabilization Future national security environment and forces European security issues, especially the Mediterranean littoral West Africa, especially the Gulf of Guinea Latin America The world’s most important navies Deterrence, arms control, missile defense and WMD proliferation The Strategic Studies Division is led by Dr. -
Check Against Delivery. Vice President Robredo, President Aquino
Speech of the LI President LI Prize for Freedom, Manila Check against delivery. Vice President Robredo, President Aquino, Excellencies, Distinguished Guests and Colleagues, dear Liberal Friends: Liberal International is delighted to be here, in the Philippines, to present our foremost human rights award, the Prize for Freedom, to Liberal Party senator, Leila De Lima. The Prize for Freedom has been awarded annually since 1985. As of today, the Prize will have been awarded to two courageous Filipino women, whom we are privileged to call liberals and who fought, indeed in the case of Senator De Lima continue to fight, unwaveringly for justice and liberty. President Corazon Aquino was the third-ever recipient of the LI Prize in 1987, as this beautiful country emerged from the yoke of a terrible dictatorship. 21 years’ later, representatives of the global liberal family are in the Philippines to honour another human rights hero, although circumstances on this occasion do not give us cause to celebrate as we did in 1987. Instead, representatives of our global political family are here today to join hands with millions of Filipinos as we shine a light into what has become a shady political atmosphere and a subject of global consternation. So seriously do we perceive the incarceration of Senator Leila de Lima, who has now been unjustly detained for 520 days, that we have come to the Philippines to present this award. For the first time in almost one decade, the Prize for Freedom is being awarded outside of Europe — in doing so, we are here to honour the sacrifice of this remarkable prisoner of conscience. -
Lebanon: Freedom in the World 2020
4/8/2020 Lebanon | Freedom House FREEDOM IN THE WORLD 2020 Lebanon 44 PARTLY FREE /100 Political Rights 14 /40 Civil Liberties 30 /60 LAST YEAR'S SCORE & STATUS 45 /100 Partly Free Global freedom statuses are calculated on a weighted scale. See the methodology. https://freedomhouse.org/country/lebanon/freedom-world/2020 1/20 4/8/2020 Lebanon | Freedom House Overview Lebanon’s political system ensures representation for its many sectarian communities, but suppresses intracommunity competition and impedes the rise of cross-sectarian or secularist parties. Residents enjoy some civil liberties and media pluralism, but grapple with the government’s inability to address pervasive corruption and inconsistent support for the rule of law. Lebanon has also struggled to support the refugees who make up over a quarter of its population, with refugees from Syria facing especially difficult circumstances as they face unemployment, restrictions on movement, and the risk of refoulement. Key Developments in 2019 Prime Minister Saad Hariri resigned at the end of October, in the wake of massive antigovernment protests that erupted earlier that month when the government proposed an increase in the value-added tax (VAT) and implemented a new fee for mobile messaging services. The movement was marked by violent clashes between protesters and security forces resulting in dozens of injuries. The government introduced strict new curfews limiting the movement of Syrian refugees, as well as a stringent permit system restricting their access to employment. In May, authorities deported nearly 3,000 refugees, despite concerns that they could be detained and tortured in Syria. Political Rights A. -
Elections and Democratic Participation a Thematic Collection of Innovative EU-Funded Research Results
ISSN 2599-8293 CORDIS Results Pack on elections and democratic participation A thematic collection of innovative EU-funded research results May 2019 Understanding turbulent political times through innovative EU‑funded research Research and Innovation Editorial Understanding turbulent political times through innovative EU-funded research The 2019 European elections will possibly be viewed by future Contents historians as a landmark election for the EU due to the extraordinary political context in which they’re taking place and the challenges to democracy this involves. This is why innovative social sciences research is vital in helping us understand the shifting patterns of democratic participation in the 21st century. As such, this Results 3 Pack features 11 EU-funded projects that have been working to Junk news aggregator aims to restore trust in media help us better understand our complex political world and how and democracy citizens view their continually shifting place within it. 5 2019 is a busy year for democratic elections – in Europe alone, aside from the Bridging the gap between the EU and European youth European Parliament elections, various national elections (local, regional, parlia- mentary or presidential) will be taking place in at least 15 EU Member States. Further afield outside the EU, elections have already taken place or are still 7 scheduled in Argentina, Australia, Canada, India, Indonesia, Israel, South Africa, Civiciti: technology at the service of participative Switzerland and Ukraine to name but a few. The United States will be, by the end of democracy 2019, already gearing itself up for its 2020 showdown election between President Donald Trump and his Democratic opponent. -
Hawkins 1.4 Charisma Validity 20110512
Validity of the Charisma Measure1 Paper presented at the Workshop on Democratic Accountability Strategies, Duke University, Durham, NC, May 18-19, 2011 Kirk A. Hawkins 782 SWKT Brigham Young University Provo UT 84602 [email protected] Abstract The Survey on Political Accountability includes a single measure of charismatic party linkages, question e1. Here I validate the measure by considering the nature of the survey question (content validity), how well the resulting data agree with scholarly judgment (convergent validity), and whether the data correlate in predictable ways with causally related phenomena (construct validity). I find that the measure is a strong one, especially at the level of country averages. Party-level results show more measurement error, including both nonsystematic and systematic error, which suggests that analyses using the party-level data should try to incorporate as many of the observations as possible. 1 This paper is based on a dataset collected under the auspices of the project “Political Accountability in Democratic Party Competition and Economic Governance,” implemented by a political science research group at Duke University (Principal Investigator: Herbert Kitschelt, Department of Political Science). I gratefully acknowledge funding for the data collection by the World Bank, the Chilean Science Foundation (research grant directed by Juan Pablo Luna and David Altman, Catholic University of Chile), and Duke University, and the support of Brigham Young University in allowing me to participate in this conference. Data analysis and conclusions of this paper are the sole responsibility of the author. Introduction In this paper I examine the validity of the measure of charismatic linkages in the Survey on Political Accountability. -
Andorra (2008)
http://www.freedomhouse.org/inc/content/pubs/fiw/inc_country_detail.cf... Print Freedom in the World - Andorra (2008) Capital: Andorra la Political Rights Score: 1 Vella Civil Liberties Score: 1 Population: Status: Free 100,000 Overview Andorra continued in 2007 to participate in the European Union Savings Tax Directive, which is aimed at ending the country’s status as a major tax haven. As a co-principality, Andorra was ruled jointly for 715 years, from 1278 to 1993, by French and Spanish leaders; since 1607, this has involved the French head of state and the bishop of Seu d’Urgel, Spain. The 1993 constitution modified this feudal system, keeping the titular co-princes but transforming the government into a parliamentary democracy. Andorra became a member of the United Nations that year and a member of the Council of Europe in 1994, but it is not a member of the European Union (EU). In April 2005, the country held national elections, returning the Liberal Party of Andorra (PLA) to power with 42 percent of the vote and 14 out of the 28 seats in the Consell General (parliament). However, the PLA lost the absolute majority it had gained in the 2001 elections. The Social Democratic Party (PS) doubled its support, winning 12 seats. The remaining two seats in the Consell were taken by CDA–Segle 21, a union of the two center-right parties (Andorran Democratic Center Party, or CDA, and Century 21, or S21). PLA leader Marc Forne stepped down as cap de govern (executive council president) and was replaced by former foreign minister Albert Pintat Santolaria. -
Andorra-Andorre-En.Pdf
Andorra Official Title: Principality of Andorra General Information: Capital Andorra la Vella Population (million) n/a Total Area 468 km² Currency 1 CAN$=0.651 EURO (EUR) (2020 - Annual average) National Holiday September 8, Our Lady of Meritxell Day Language(s) Catalan, French, Castilian, Portuguese Political Information: Type of State Principality Type of Government Parliamentary democracy. Retains as its Heads of State a coprincipality; the two princes are the President of France and the Bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain. Unicameral parliament with an 28-seat General Council of the Valleys (Consell General). Executive Council President elected by the General Council and formally appointed by the co-princes. Administrative Bilateral Product trade divisions: 7 parishes. Governing party: Democrats for Andorra. Canada - Andorra 1.2 1 Balance 0.8 Head of State Head of Government 0.6 Can. 0.4 President, Bishop of Urgel Prime Minister Exports 0.2 Coprince Emmanuel Macron, Coprince Joan Antoni Martí Can. 0 Imports E.V. Sicilia Millions -0.2 Total -0.4 Trade Ministers: Foreign : Maria Ubach Font -0.6 Finances : Jordi Cinca Mateos -0.8 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Statistics Canada Main Political Parties Democrats for Andorra (15); Liberal Party of Andorra (8); Social Democratic Party (3); Social Canadian Imports Democracy and Progress (2). from: Andorra M ach. M ech. Elec. Prod. Paper Prod. Chemical Prod. Specialized Inst. Base M etal Prod. Elections: Membersn/a of the General Council of the Valleys (4 year terms): next in 2019. Textiles Prod. 2020 Plastics, Rubber Economic Information: (2020) IMF (estimates) Statistics Canada Andorra Canada GDP: (billion) n/a $2,162.38 Canadian Exports GDP per capita: n/a $56,945.03 to: Andorra GDP Growth rate: (%) n/a -5.40 V ehicles and Equip.