Understanding Mixed Code and Classroom Code-Switching: Myths and Realities1 David C.S
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Chapter 5 Sinicization and Indigenization: the Emergence of the Yunnanese
Between Winds and Clouds Bin Yang Chapter 5 Sinicization and Indigenization: The Emergence of the Yunnanese Introduction As the state began sending soldiers and their families, predominantly Han Chinese, to Yunnan, 1 the Ming military presence there became part of a project of colonization. Soldiers were joined by land-hungry farmers, exiled officials, and profit-driven merchants so that, by the end of the Ming period, the Han Chinese had become the largest ethnic population in Yunnan. Dramatically changing local demography, and consequently economic and cultural patterns, this massive and diverse influx laid the foundations for the social makeup of contemporary Yunnan. The interaction of the large numbers of Han immigrants with the indigenous peoples created a 2 new hybrid society, some members of which began to identify themselves as Yunnanese (yunnanren) for the first time. Previously, there had been no such concept of unity, since the indigenous peoples differentiated themselves by ethnicity or clan and tribal affiliations. This chapter will explore the process that led to this new identity and its reciprocal impact on the concept of Chineseness. Using primary sources, I will first introduce the indigenous peoples and their social customs 3 during the Yuan and early Ming period before the massive influx of Chinese immigrants. Second, I will review the migration waves during the Ming Dynasty and examine interactions between Han Chinese and the indigenous population. The giant and far-reaching impact of Han migrations on local society, or the process of sinicization, that has drawn a lot of scholarly attention, will be further examined here; the influence of the indigenous culture on Chinese migrants—a process that has won little attention—will also be scrutinized. -
Civil Service Newsletter July 2016 Issue No.96
安達臣道前石礦場發展項目 Development of the former Anderson Road Quarry Site 地盡其用 東涌新巿鎮擴展 Tung Chung 濟民之急 New Town Extension Land optimised for a greater cause 啟德發展區 Kai Tak Development 洪水橋新發展區 Hung Shui Kiu New Development Area 以上電腦設計圖只供參考之用。 The above computer graphics are for illustrative purposes only. Contents Features EDITORIAL BOARD Government takes lead in combating climate change 3-6 Philip Yung Wai-hung (Commerce and Land optimised for a greater cause 7-10 Economic Development Bureau) Vivian Sum Fong-kwang Civil Service Outstanding (Civil Service Bureau) Service Award Scheme 2015 Series Vivian Tam Tam Kit-lai Police winning three outstanding service awards 11-13 (Civil Service Bureau) Continuous innovation of WSD – 14-15 Joyce Lee Tze-ching (Efficiency Unit) Water power scores Gold Glenis Liong Ka-yi Giant Dinosaurs walk away with Gold Prize 16-17 (Information Services Department) Fiona Chan Siu-ling Departments work together for 18-19 (Civil Service Bureau) environmental protection Jenny Wai Mei-chu (Civil Service Bureau) Pensioners’ Corner Bessie Yee Lai-shan A fulfilling career in rehabilitation services 20-23 (Civil Service Bureau) Pensioners’ outing 24 Mark Pinkstone (Freelance Editor) Pension increase 2016 24 Health Address : Staff Relations Division, Civil Service Bureau, Diabetes theme for World Health Day 25 6/F, West Wing, Central Government Offices, Overcoming new job challenges with ease 26-28 2 Tim Mei Avenue, Tamar, Hong Kong Information Fax no. : 2537 1112 Appointment of senior officials 29 For enquiries about this Newsletter, please call 2810 3708. Basic Law Website : http://www.csb.gov.hk Civil Service Bureau Pensioner Services Learning the Basic Law through cases 29 Unit enquiry no.: 2810 3850 Centre spread (This Newsletter is also available at the Appreciate Hong Kong 30 CSB website at http://www.csb.gov.hk) We are committed to Hong Kong Published by the Civil Service Bureau. -
The Globalization of Chinese Food ANTHROPOLOGY of ASIA SERIES Series Editor: Grant Evans, University Ofhong Kong
The Globalization of Chinese Food ANTHROPOLOGY OF ASIA SERIES Series Editor: Grant Evans, University ofHong Kong Asia today is one ofthe most dynamic regions ofthe world. The previously predominant image of 'timeless peasants' has given way to the image of fast-paced business people, mass consumerism and high-rise urban conglomerations. Yet much discourse remains entrenched in the polarities of 'East vs. West', 'Tradition vs. Change'. This series hopes to provide a forum for anthropological studies which break with such polarities. It will publish titles dealing with cosmopolitanism, cultural identity, representa tions, arts and performance. The complexities of urban Asia, its elites, its political rituals, and its families will also be explored. Dangerous Blood, Refined Souls Death Rituals among the Chinese in Singapore Tong Chee Kiong Folk Art Potters ofJapan Beyond an Anthropology of Aesthetics Brian Moeran Hong Kong The Anthropology of a Chinese Metropolis Edited by Grant Evans and Maria Tam Anthropology and Colonialism in Asia and Oceania Jan van Bremen and Akitoshi Shimizu Japanese Bosses, Chinese Workers Power and Control in a Hong Kong Megastore WOng Heung wah The Legend ofthe Golden Boat Regulation, Trade and Traders in the Borderlands of Laos, Thailand, China and Burma Andrew walker Cultural Crisis and Social Memory Politics of the Past in the Thai World Edited by Shigeharu Tanabe and Charles R Keyes The Globalization of Chinese Food Edited by David Y. H. Wu and Sidney C. H. Cheung The Globalization of Chinese Food Edited by David Y. H. Wu and Sidney C. H. Cheung UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I PRESS HONOLULU Editorial Matter © 2002 David Y. -
I Want to Be More Hong Kong Than a Hongkonger”: Language Ideologies and the Portrayal of Mainland Chinese in Hong Kong Film During the Transition
Volume 6 Issue 1 2020 “I Want to be More Hong Kong Than a Hongkonger”: Language Ideologies and the Portrayal of Mainland Chinese in Hong Kong Film During the Transition Charlene Peishan Chan [email protected] ISSN: 2057-1720 doi: 10.2218/ls.v6i1.2020.4398 This paper is available at: http://journals.ed.ac.uk/lifespansstyles Hosted by The University of Edinburgh Journal Hosting Service: http://journals.ed.ac.uk/ “I Want to be More Hong Kong Than a Hongkonger”: Language Ideologies and the Portrayal of Mainland Chinese in Hong Kong Film During the Transition Charlene Peishan Chan The years leading up to the political handover of Hong Kong to Mainland China surfaced issues regarding national identification and intergroup relations. These issues manifested in Hong Kong films of the time in the form of film characters’ language ideologies. An analysis of six films reveals three themes: (1) the assumption of mutual intelligibility between Cantonese and Putonghua, (2) the importance of English towards one’s Hong Kong identity, and (3) the expectation that Mainland immigrants use Cantonese as their primary language of communication in Hong Kong. The recurrence of these findings indicates their prevalence amongst native Hongkongers, even in a post-handover context. 1 Introduction The handover of Hong Kong to the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1997 marked the end of 155 years of British colonial rule. Within this socio-political landscape came questions of identification and intergroup relations, both amongst native Hongkongers and Mainland Chinese (Tong et al. 1999, Brewer 1999). These manifest in the attitudes and ideologies that native Hongkongers have towards the three most widely used languages in Hong Kong: Cantonese, English, and Putonghua (a standard variety of Mandarin promoted in Mainland China by the Government). -
The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2012 Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Wai Kit Wicky Tse University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Asian History Commons, Asian Studies Commons, and the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Tse, Wai Kit Wicky, "Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier" (2012). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 589. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/589 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dynamics of Disintegration: The Later Han Empire (25-220CE) & Its Northwestern Frontier Abstract As a frontier region of the Qin-Han (221BCE-220CE) empire, the northwest was a new territory to the Chinese realm. Until the Later Han (25-220CE) times, some portions of the northwestern region had only been part of imperial soil for one hundred years. Its coalescence into the Chinese empire was a product of long-term expansion and conquest, which arguably defined the egionr 's military nature. Furthermore, in the harsh natural environment of the region, only tough people could survive, and unsurprisingly, the region fostered vigorous warriors. Mixed culture and multi-ethnicity featured prominently in this highly militarized frontier society, which contrasted sharply with the imperial center that promoted unified cultural values and stood in the way of a greater degree of transregional integration. As this project shows, it was the northwesterners who went through a process of political peripheralization during the Later Han times played a harbinger role of the disintegration of the empire and eventually led to the breakdown of the early imperial system in Chinese history. -
History&Perspectives
2012 CHINESE AMERICA History&Perspectives THE JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA CHINESE AMERICA HISTORY & PERSPECTIVES The Journal of the Chinese Historical Society of America 2012 CHINESE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Chinese America: History & Perspectives — The Journal of the Chinese Historical Society of America Chinese Historical Society of America Museum & Learning Center 965 Clay Street San Francisco, California 94108 chsa.org Copyright © 2012 Chinese Historical Society of America. All rights reserved. Copyright of individual articles remains with the author(s). ISBN-13: 978-1-885864-47-5 ISBN-10: 1-885864-47-7 Design by Side By Side Studios, San Francisco. Permission is granted for reproducing up to fifty copies of any one article for Educa- tional Use as defined by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. To order additional copies or inquire about large-order discounts, see order form at back or email [email protected]. Articles appearing in this journal are indexed in Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life. About the cover image: Lum Ngow with his parents in China, 1925. Photo courtesy of Lee Show Nam. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents THINGS MATTER Chinese American Culture Work and the Gods of Marysville 1 Jonathan H. X. Lee and Vivian-Lee Nyitray LIFE IN A CHINATOWN COLD WATER TENEMENT BUILDING 7 Lyle Jan HISTORY OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE IN CALIFORNIA A Perspective through the Stories of Four Acupuncturists 11 Emily S. Wu “We WERE REAL, SO THERE waS NO NEED TO BE AFRAID” Lum Ngow’s Long Detention on Angel Island 19 Judy Yung THE TWENTY-FIRST-CENTURY CHINESE AMERICA Growth and Diversity 27 Wei Li and Wan Yu About the Contributors 33 About the Editorial Committee 35 Guidelines for Manuscript Submission 37 Chinese Historical Society of America Membership Form 39 iii Things Matter Chinese American Culture Work and the Gods of Marysville Jonathan H. -
The City Wants International Critics to Be Fair Chief Secretary for Administration Says Most Countries Have Their Own National Security Laws
4 | Thursday, September 17, 2020 HONG KONG EDITION | CHINA DAILY HONG KONG The city wants international critics to be fair Chief secretary for administration says most countries have their own national security laws By ELEANOR HUANG in Hong Kong [email protected] Hong Kong’s No 2 official and Every country in the other political heavyweights have world has their own called on the international com- munity to give a fair assessment national security of the city’s National Security Law, legislation, and their more than two and a half months after its smooth implementation. goals are no different, The Law of the People’s Republic which is to curb activ- Hong Kong Secretary for Food and Health Sophia Chan Siu-chee (second from right) and Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Erick Tsang Kwok-wai (third from right), on behalf of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government, see off the members of the of China on Safeguarding National ities which endanger mainland nucleic acid test support team at the team’s hotel, and repeat their gratitude for the central government’s support.PROVIDED TO CHINA DAILY Security in the Hong Kong Spe- cial Administrative Region was national security. So adopted by China’s top legislature they are in no place and promulgated in the HKSAR to criticize the central on June 30. Addressing the 45th session of and SAR govern- Public urged to remain vigilant the United Nations Human Rights ment.’’ Council in Geneva on Wednes- day by video, Chief Secretary for Lau Siu-kai, vice-president of Administration Matthew Cheung the Chinese Association of Hong as outbreak wanes in Hong Kong Kin-chung said the new law has Kong and Macao Studies been e ective in restoring stability. -
OFFICIAL RECORD of PROCEEDINGS Wednesday, 24
LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL ― 24 February 2021 3727 OFFICIAL RECORD OF PROCEEDINGS Wednesday, 24 February 2021 The Council met at Eleven o'clock MEMBERS PRESENT: THE PRESIDENT THE HONOURABLE ANDREW LEUNG KWAN-YUEN, G.B.M., G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE ABRAHAM SHEK LAI-HIM, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE TOMMY CHEUNG YU-YAN, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE JEFFREY LAM KIN-FUNG, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE WONG TING-KWONG, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE STARRY LEE WAI-KING, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE CHAN HAK-KAN, B.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE CHAN KIN-POR, G.B.S., J.P. DR THE HONOURABLE PRISCILLA LEUNG MEI-FUN, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE WONG KWOK-KIN, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE MRS REGINA IP LAU SUK-YEE, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE PAUL TSE WAI-CHUN, J.P. THE HONOURABLE MICHAEL TIEN PUK-SUN, B.B.S., J.P. 3728 LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL ― 24 February 2021 THE HONOURABLE STEVEN HO CHUN-YIN, B.B.S. THE HONOURABLE FRANKIE YICK CHI-MING, S.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE YIU SI-WING, B.B.S. THE HONOURABLE MA FUNG-KWOK, G.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE CHAN HAN-PAN, B.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE LEUNG CHE-CHEUNG, S.B.S., M.H., J.P. THE HONOURABLE ALICE MAK MEI-KUEN, B.B.S., J.P. THE HONOURABLE KWOK WAI-KEUNG, J.P. THE HONOURABLE CHRISTOPHER CHEUNG WAH-FUNG, S.B.S., J.P. -
Cantonese and Putonghua in Hong Kong: Trends, Challenges, and Perspectives of Coexistence
CANTONESE AND PUTONGHUA IN HONG KONG: TRENDS, CHALLENGES, AND PERSPECTIVES OF COEXISTENCE Freie wissenschaftliche Arbeit zur Erlangung eines Mastergrades am Fachbereich Geschichts- und Kulturwissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin im Masterstudiengang Chinastudien eingereicht von: Isabella Valentini Dr. Andreas Guder Univ.-Prof. Dr. Klaus Mühlhahn 0 Contents LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES ........................................................................ 4 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 5 1.1. TERMINOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 7 2. THE FEATURES OF CANTONESE IN HONG KONG ............................................. AND MAINLAND CHINA ........................................................................................... 9 2.1. A LINGUISTIC AND HISTORICAL OUTLINE OF YUE AND CANTONESE .......................... 10 2.1.1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ....................................................................................... 12 2.1.2. YUE AND CANTONESE STUDIES ................................................................................. 14 2.2. CANTONESE AND PUTONGHUA IN GUANGDONG: ........................................................... THE EXPERIENCE IN THE MAINLAND .......................................................................... 18 2.2.1. THE BIRTH OF A UNIFIED CHINESE LANGUAGE .......................................................... -
Translating Chinese Romanized Name Into Chinese Idiographic Characters Via Corpus and Web Validation
Translating Chinese Romanized Name into Chinese Idiographic Characters via Corpus and Web Validation Yiping Li — Gregory Grefenstette Laboratoire d'Ingénierie de la Connaissance Multimédia Multilingue (LIC2M) Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Bat. 38-1; 18, rue du Panorama; BP 6; 92265 Fontenay aux Roses Cedex; France [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT. Cross-language information retrieval performance depends on the quality of the translation resources used to pass from a user’s source language query to target language documents. Translation lists of proper names are rare but vital resources for cross-language retrieval between languages using different character sets. Named entities translation dictionaries can be extracted from bilingual corpus with some degree of success, but the problem of the coverage of these scarce bilingual corpora remains. In this article, we present a technique for finding Chinese transliterations for any Chinese name written in English script. Our system performs transliteration of Pinyin (the standard Romanization for Chinese) to Chinese characters via corpus and web validation. Though Chinese family names form a small set, the number and variety of multisyllabic first names is great, and treatment is complicated by the fact that one Pinyin transliteration can correspond to hundred of different Chinese characters. Our method finds the best translations of a Chinese name written in Pinyin by filtering out unlikely translations using a bigram model derived from a very large monolingual Chinese corpus, and then vetting remaining candidate transliterations using Web statistics. We experimentally validate our method using an independent gold standard. RESUME. La performance en recherche d'information translingue dépend de la qualité des ressources de traduction utilisées pour passer de la langue source (requête d'utilisateur) vers la langue cible des documents. -
Names of Chinese People in Singapore
101 Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 7.1 (2011): 101-133 DOI: 10.2478/v10016-011-0005-6 Lee Cher Leng Department of Chinese Studies, National University of Singapore ETHNOGRAPHY OF SINGAPORE CHINESE NAMES: RACE, RELIGION, AND REPRESENTATION Abstract Singapore Chinese is part of the Chinese Diaspora.This research shows how Singapore Chinese names reflect the Chinese naming tradition of surnames and generation names, as well as Straits Chinese influence. The names also reflect the beliefs and religion of Singapore Chinese. More significantly, a change of identity and representation is reflected in the names of earlier settlers and Singapore Chinese today. This paper aims to show the general naming traditions of Chinese in Singapore as well as a change in ideology and trends due to globalization. Keywords Singapore, Chinese, names, identity, beliefs, globalization. 1. Introduction When parents choose a name for a child, the name necessarily reflects their thoughts and aspirations with regards to the child. These thoughts and aspirations are shaped by the historical, social, cultural or spiritual setting of the time and place they are living in whether or not they are aware of them. Thus, the study of names is an important window through which one could view how these parents prefer their children to be perceived by society at large, according to the identities, roles, values, hierarchies or expectations constructed within a social space. Goodenough explains this culturally driven context of names and naming practices: Department of Chinese Studies, National University of Singapore The Shaw Foundation Building, Block AS7, Level 5 5 Arts Link, Singapore 117570 e-mail: [email protected] 102 Lee Cher Leng Ethnography of Singapore Chinese Names: Race, Religion, and Representation Different naming and address customs necessarily select different things about the self for communication and consequent emphasis. -
VI. Developments in Hong Kong and Macau
VI. Developments in Hong Kong and Macau Findings • During the Commission’s reporting year, a number of deeply troubling developments in Hong Kong undermined the ‘‘one country, two systems’’ governance framework, which led the U.S. Secretary of State to find that Hong Kong has not main- tained a high degree of autonomy for the first time since the handover in July 1997. • On June 30, 2020, the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) passed the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Safeguarding National Security in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (National Security Law), by- passing Hong Kong’s Legislative Council. To the extent that this law criminalizes secession, subversion, terrorist activities, and collusion with foreign states, this piece of legislation vio- lates Hong Kong’s Basic Law, which specifies that Hong Kong shall pass laws concerning national security. Additionally, the National Security Law raises human rights and rule of law concerns because it violates principles such as the presumption of innocence and because it contains vaguely defined criminal offenses that can be used to unduly restrict fundamental free- doms. • The Liaison Office of the Central People’s Government in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (PRC Liaison Office) declared in April 2020 that neither it nor the Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office, both being State Council agencies, were subject to Article 22 of the Basic Law—a provision designed to protect Hong Kong’s high degree of autonomy. The Hong Kong government had long interpreted the provision to cover the PRC Liaison Office, but it reversed itself overnight in an ap- parent attempt to conform its position to that of the central government.