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Table of Contents Item Transcript DIGITAL COLLECTIONS ITEM TRANSCRIPT Yuriy Dubovitsky. Full, unedited interview, 2009 ID MI002.interview PERMALINK http://n2t.net/ark:/86084/b47z63 ITEM TYPE VIDEO ORIGINAL LANGUAGE RUSSIAN TABLE OF CONTENTS ITEM TRANSCRIPT ENGLISH TRANSLATION 2 CITATION & RIGHTS 11 2021 © BLAVATNIK ARCHIVE FOUNDATION PG 1/11 BLAVATNIKARCHIVE.ORG DIGITAL COLLECTIONS ITEM TRANSCRIPT Yuriy Dubovitsky. Full, unedited interview, 2009 ID MI002.interview PERMALINK http://n2t.net/ark:/86084/b47z63 ITEM TYPE VIDEO ORIGINAL LANGUAGE RUSSIAN TRANSCRIPT ENGLISH TRANSLATION —Today is April 27th, 2009. We are in Detroit, meeting a veteran of the Great Patriotic War. Please introduce yourself and tell us about your childhood, your schooling, and the family you grew up in. How did you come to serve in the Red Army, and what was the war like for you? My name is Yuri Dubovitsky and I was born in Pryluky, Chernihiv Region in 1923. My parents, grandparents, and I lived there until 1929 when we moved to Simferopol in the Crimean ASSR, as it was called before the war. In 1930 I started first grade at Simferopol High School No.14. On June 18th, 1941 I passed the state exams and finished tenth grade. As you know, the Great Patriotic War began on June 22nd. All of my plans for continuing my education were indefinitely put on hold. I dreamed of studying at the Dzerzhinsky Leningrad Technical Academy, but the war cancelled all of our plans. When the war began my father, a Party member, joined a Communist battalion and stayed in Simferopol, if you can imagine. He was not allowed to leave. My mother and I were evacuated to Kharkiv and could not return. We thought that the war would be over quickly and that we would soon return home to Simferopol. My cousin and her husband found space for us in a convoy of trucks that was heading east. We reached Tambov and were supposed to continue on to Toshkent. When we arrived in Toshkent in November 1941 we received one telegram from my father; he wrote to our friends, asking if we had reached Toshkent safely. We could not register in Tashkent because the evacuee registration window had already closed by the time we arrived, so we had to move to Fergana in the Uzbek Republic. We did not spend a long time in Fergana because in February 1942 many of my classmates from School No.14, who had also evacuated to Fergana, were drafted into the army since they were born in the first half of 1922. I was not drafted since I was born in November, but I decided to volunteer for the front at the draft office. I was sent to the Toshkent Mortar and Machinegun School. I trained there for six months and then took my military and political tests during the month of July. One night in August we received an order from Stalin to send all 3,500 trainees from our school to the front. We had already passed our exams and were supposed to become either junior lieutenants or lieutenants, but we were not assigned these ranks. Overnight we were all issued uniforms and sent to the station of Akhtuba in the Stalingrad Region. This is how I came to the Stalingrad Front. 2021 © BLAVATNIK ARCHIVE FOUNDATION PG 2/11 BLAVATNIKARCHIVE.ORG DIGITAL COLLECTIONS ITEM TRANSCRIPT Yuriy Dubovitsky. Full, unedited interview, 2009 ID MI002.interview PERMALINK http://n2t.net/ark:/86084/b47z63 ITEM TYPE VIDEO ORIGINAL LANGUAGE RUSSIAN I was trained as a machine gunner and was first assigned to a machinegun company. We had two companies, a machinegun one and a mortar one. I was initially in the machinegun company, but was retrained on location and learned to use an anti-tank rifle. It was only effective against light tanks and could pierce the armor on the heavier ones. The anti-tank rifles could not pierce the German armor. I was assigned to an anti-tank unit and spent August-January there. We were stationed on the approaches to Stalingrad and stopped the Germans, Hungarians, and Romanians from taking the city. We protected the Stalingrad Tractor Factory for several months. In December Marshall of the Soviet Union Konstantin Rokossovsky ordered us to send the Germans, Romanians, and Hungarians a New Year’s greeting. It was an unforgettable sight. We fired all our weapons into the air, not at the German positions, and the sky lit up as if it were daytime. Once we pushed the Germans away from the factory near the station of Beketovka, it was our regiment’s turn to go on the offensive. We traded our anti-tank rifles for submachine guns and were ordered forward, “For the Motherland and for Stalin” as we used to say. We advanced on a German lodgement. Our advance was halted by an artillery battery which was set up in a building and fired onto the street, preventing our infantry and light artillery from breaking through. We were ordered to destroy this German fortification. We burst into the house with our submachineguns and grenades and began figuring out from where enemy was shooting at us… It was dark and he threw two grenades. One blew up behind us and the other exploded on the staircase landing. My right arm was wounded by shrapnel from one of the grenades. A comrade helped me descend the staircase and reach our nurse, who was hidden behind the building to protect her from stray bullets and shells. She bandaged my hand. Then our commander came up to me and said “Yuri, you will now carry two submachineguns, a Soviet and a German one and go down to the river. If you manage to cross the Volga, you will be safe. Tracers were constantly flying above the Volga and the surrounding hills. I bid him goodbye as he carefully helped me reach the riverbank… It was January 1943 and the cold was intense, down to -50 Celsius. I was dressed in a trench coat, a cotton jacket, and boots. My feet were frostbitten and I barely managed to cross to the other bank. However, I did not walk on the ice, but rather on frozen bodies. There were dead bodies… of our troops, Hungarians, Romanians, and Germans, with carts of wounded men driving over them. It was an awful sight. Even though my feet were frostbitten I managed to cross the frozen Volga. I reached an armored brigade and they took me to a first aid station which was set up in a trailer and manned by a male nurse. He asked me what had happened to my hand and I explained as well as I could. He cut open my trench coat and my cotton jacket before injecting me with Bohomolets Serum, which saved my hand from amputation. He was older than me and said “Well sonny, now get to the field hospital if you can.” 2021 © BLAVATNIK ARCHIVE FOUNDATION PG 3/11 BLAVATNIKARCHIVE.ORG DIGITAL COLLECTIONS ITEM TRANSCRIPT Yuriy Dubovitsky. Full, unedited interview, 2009 ID MI002.interview PERMALINK http://n2t.net/ark:/86084/b47z63 ITEM TYPE VIDEO ORIGINAL LANGUAGE RUSSIAN I set out on unfamiliar snow-covered roads, but nonetheless managed to find the field hospital. The hospital was mostly for soldiers who had been hit in the leg or the abdomen. It was a grizzly sight and it is difficult to think about it even now. I managed to convince a sleigh driver who shipped coal to and from the station to help me board a medical train bound for Saratov. I said to him “Brother, please help me get to the station.” He took a liking to me and even helped lift me into the train. Soon the train car was loaded with other wounded men and I was registered as one of them and was issued a ration card. It took us two or three days to reach Saratov, where we were housed in the Pioneer Palace. There was a sort of… hospital there. I had to share a bed with another soldier because there were so many wounded men coming in, mostly from the Stalingrad Front. —You faced different directions on the bed. Yes, you are correct. I was to have surgery, but then the Germans launched an air raid on Saratov and the surgery was cancelled. I was in poor shape and began developing a high fever. The doctors decided to send me and other soldiers who needed surgery to the town of Verkhnyaya Salda in the Sverdlovsk Region. We were brought there and assigned to Hospital 1845, I even remember its number. It was a Moscow-based hospital, but they did not have a neurosurgeon. I had to have surgery on my hand where the nerves in my fingers ran very close to the many pieces of shrapnel embedded in my wrist. Two other wounded soldiers and I were sent to Tomsk by airplane. Our hospital had found a neurosurgeon there by the name of Professor Markuze. I still remember his name. The surgery took three and a half hours. I slept for seven days straight because the Novocain they gave me for the pain put me under. I gradually started to come to and when my wound healed up a bit I decided to find my mother. I traveled from Saratov to Novosibirsk in order to catch a train to Central Asia. I thought that I would find her in Toshkent or Fergana. I began asking the station staff in Novosibirsk if they had seen any evacuees from Simferopol. —In Novosibirsk? Yes. I was there in order to catch a train to Toshkent.
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