DOCSLIB.ORG

Manukā Natural Area Reserve

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Manukā Natural Area Reserve i 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary of Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................ iii Executive Summary .................................................................................................................................................... 1 1 Background and Current Condition .......................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Site Description (Physical and Biological Resources) ........................................................4 1.1.1 Location .............................................................................................................................................4 1.1.2 Climate ...............................................................................................................................................6 1.1.3 Geology ..............................................................................................................................................7 1.1.4 Soils .....................................................................................................................................................7 1.1.5 Native vegetation ..............................................................................................................................9 1.1.6 Native wildlife ................................................................................................................................ 15 1.2 Land Use ................................................................................................................................ 17 1.2.1 Land designation and history ....................................................................................................... 17 1.2.2 Public use ........................................................................................................................................ 18 1.2.3 Infrastructure ................................................................................................................................. 18 1.2.4 Related planning documents ........................................................................................................ 19 1.2.5 Partnerships .................................................................................................................................... 20 1.3 Cultural Resources, Archaeological and Historic Sites ................................................... 22 1.4 Summary of Major Threats and Management Issues ..................................................... 24 1.4.1 Invasive Species - Ungulates ........................................................................................................ 24 1.4.2 Invasive Species - Plants ............................................................................................................... 25 1.4.3 Invasive Species - Other Animals ................................................................................................ 27 1.4.4 Fire ................................................................................................................................................... 28 1.4.5 Disease ............................................................................................................................................. 28 1.4.6 Climate Change ............................................................................................................................. 29 1.5 Overview of Existing Management .................................................................................... 29 1.5.1 Fencing and Ungulate Management ........................................................................................... 29 1.5.2 Forest Recovery .............................................................................................................................. 30 1.5.3 Rare Plant Restoration .................................................................................................................. 33 1.5.4 Non-Native Invasive Plant Control ............................................................................................ 34 1.5.5 Research and Survey ...................................................................................................................... 35 1.5.6 Infrastructure Management ......................................................................................................... 36 2 Planned Management Actions.................................................................................................................. 37 i 2.1 Restoration ............................................................................................................................ 38 2.1.1 Forest Recovery .............................................................................................................................. 38 2.1.2 Forest Bird Recovery ..................................................................................................................... 44 2.1.3 Seabird Recovery ........................................................................................................................... 48 2.1.4 Bat Recovery ................................................................................................................................... 50 2.1.5 Invertebrate recovery .................................................................................................................... 51 2.2 Threat Abatement ................................................................................................................ 53 2.2.1 Ungulate Management ................................................................................................................. 53 2.2.2 Invasive plant control .................................................................................................................... 55 2.2.3 Predator control ............................................................................................................................. 57 2.2.4 Fire prevention and response ....................................................................................................... 58 2.2.5 Non-native insects and disease .................................................................................................... 59 2.3 Information and Education ................................................................................................ 61 2.4 Research and Survey ............................................................................................................ 63 2.5 Infrastructure Management................................................................................................ 65 3 Management Action Summary and Budget ........................................................................................... 67 References .................................................................................................................................................................. 73 Appendix A Nakula NAR Plant Species List (Developed by Hank Oppenheimer, Maui PEPP) ... 79 Appendix B Nakula NAR Birds (birds currently found in the NAR). ................................................ 84 Appendix C Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project .................................................................................... 85 C.1. Nakula Experimental Restoration Trials Summary (as at 1 September 2015) .......................... 85 C.2. Maui Parrotbill (kiwikiu) reintroduction plan .............................................................................. 86 Appendix D Nakula seabird restoration plan ......................................................................................... 86 Appendix E Rare plant restoration plan ................................................................................................. 86 ii SUMMARY OF ACRONYMS BLNR Board of Land and Natural Resources CIP Capital Improvement Project DHHL Department of Hawaiian Homelands DLNR Department of Land and Natural Resources DOFAW Division of Forestry and Wildlife FR Forest Reserve FY Fiscal Year GIS Geographic Information System HISC Hawai‘i Invasive Species Committee HRS Hawai‘i Revised Statutes LHWRP Leeward Haleakalā Watershed Restoration Partnership MISC Maui Invasive Species Committee MFBRP Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project MNSRP Maui Nui Seabird Recovery Project NARF Natural Area Reserve Fund NAR Natural Area Reserve NARS Natural Area Reserves System NEPM Native Ecosystems Protection and Management NIP Native Invertebrate Program NPS National Park Service PEPP Plant Extinction Prevention Program RCUH-PCSU Research Corporation of the University of Hawai‘i - Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit T&E Threatened and Endangered USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service USGS United States Geological Survey YCC Youth Conservation Corps iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Figure 1. View of Nakula Natural Area Reserve from the highway. Nakula Natural Area Reserve (NAR or Reserve) is situated on lands within the upper portions of Nakula and Kahikinui Ahupua‘a in the Hana District on the south slope of Haleakalā, Maui (Figure 1). The Reserve was formally established in 2011 by Governor’s Executive Order 4365 from lands withdrawn from the Kahikinui Forest Reserve (FR). The 1,500 acre (ac) (607 hectare (ha)) Reserve was created to protect leeward Haleakalā koa (Acacia koa) forest and natural communities, including
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Handbook Publication.Pub
    Table of Contents Maui County’s Landscape and Gardening Handbook Xeriscaping in Maui County ................................................................. 1 Planning and Design................................................................................................................. 1 Hydro-zones.............................................................................................................................. 1 Plant Selection and the Maui jkCounty Planting Zones............................................................ 2 Soil Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 4 Mulching.................................................................................................................................... 5 Irrigation .................................................................................................................................... 5 Maintenance ............................................................................................................................. 7 Other Interesting Techniques for the Ambitious ..................................... 8 Xeriscape Ponds....................................................................................................................... 8 Aquaponics in the Backyard ..................................................................................................... 9 Water Polymer Crystals ...........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • Koa Bug Investigation Section
    Koa Bug Investigation Supplemental information on this investigation can be found in the Koa Bug Images file (PDF). Concepts Analyze how an organisms’ body structure contribute to their ability to survive and reproduce. (Benchmark SC.7.5.4) Explain the interaction and dependence of organisms on one another. (Benchmark SC.7.3.2) Explain how energy moves through food webs. (Benchmark SC.7.3.1) Design and safely conduct a scientific investigation to answer a question or test a hypothesis. (Benchmark SC.7.1.1) Overview Students are introduced to the endemic Koa bug (Coleotichus blackburniae), Hawaii’s largest true bug, and they will investigate their structure and function, life cycles, and the dependence of organisms on one another. Students will build suitable habitat for the insects and make daily observations of their change, eventually identifying males from females and understanding the insect’s life cycle. In addition, information gathered from this investigation will be utilized in a future lesson on “populations”. Purpose To have students identify adaptive strategies of insects and why these features are important to insect survival. The students will understand that an organism is a living thing and that energy moves through a food web. Furthermore, they will gain an understanding of organism interactions and that each is dependent on one another. The observations they make will allow them to understand what an organism does, how it responds to its environment, and report the observable biological changes that have occurred. Students
    [Show full text]
  • Pu'u Wa'awa'a Biological Assessment
    PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A, NORTH KONA, HAWAII Prepared by: Jon G. Giffin Forestry & Wildlife Manager August 2003 STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................................................. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. ii GENERAL SETTING...................................................................................................................1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................1 Land Use Practices...............................................................................................................1 Geology..................................................................................................................................3 Lava Flows............................................................................................................................5 Lava Tubes ...........................................................................................................................5 Cinder Cones ........................................................................................................................7 Soils .......................................................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service
    Thursday, February 27, 2003 Part II Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Final Designation or Nondesignation of Critical Habitat for 95 Plant Species From the Islands of Kauai and Niihau, HI; Final Rule VerDate Jan<31>2003 13:12 Feb 26, 2003 Jkt 200001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\27FER2.SGM 27FER2 9116 Federal Register / Vol. 68, No. 39 / Thursday, February 27, 2003 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR units designated for the 83 species. This FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Paul critical habitat designation requires the Henson, Field Supervisor, Pacific Fish and Wildlife Service Service to consult under section 7 of the Islands Office at the above address Act with regard to actions carried out, (telephone 808/541–3441; facsimile 50 CFR Part 17 funded, or authorized by a Federal 808/541–3470). agency. Section 4 of the Act requires us SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: RIN 1018–AG71 to consider economic and other relevant impacts when specifying any particular Background Endangered and Threatened Wildlife area as critical habitat. This rule also and Plants; Final Designation or In the Lists of Endangered and determines that designating critical Nondesignation of Critical Habitat for Threatened Plants (50 CFR 17.12), there habitat would not be prudent for seven 95 Plant Species From the Islands of are 95 plant species that, at the time of species. We solicited data and Kauai and Niihau, HI listing, were reported from the islands comments from the public on all aspects of Kauai and/or Niihau (Table 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Recovery Plan for Tyoj5llllt . I-Bland Plants
    Recovery Plan for tYOJ5llllt. i-bland Plants RECOVERY PLAN FOR MULTI-ISLAND PLANTS Published by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Portland, Oregon Approved: Date: / / As the Nation’s principal conservation agency, the Department of the Interior has responsibility for most ofour nationally owned public lands and natural resources. This includes fostering the wisest use ofour land and water resources, protecting our fish and wildlife, preserving the environmental and cultural values ofour national parks and historical places, and providing for the enjoyment of life through outdoor recreation. The Department assesses our energy and mineral resources and works to assure that their development is in the best interests ofall our people. The Department also has a major responsibility for American Indian reservation communities and for people who live in island Territories under U.S. administration. DISCLAIMER PAGE Recovery plans delineate reasonable actions that are believed to be required to recover and/or protect listed species. Plans are published by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, sometimes prepared with the assistance ofrecovery teams, contractors, State agencies, and others. Objectives will be attained and any necessary funds made available subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities. Costs indicated for task implementation and/or time for achievement ofrecovery are only estimates and are subject to change. Recovery plans do not necessarily represent the views nor the official positions or approval ofany individuals or agencies involved in the plan formulation, otherthan the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. They represent the official position ofthe U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Environmental Assessment Evaluation of the Field Efficacy Of
    Draft Environmental Assessment Evaluation of the field efficacy of broadcast application of two rodenticides (diphacinone, chlorophacinone) to control mice (Mus musculus) in native Hawaiian conservation areas Prepared by: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (PIFWO), Region 1 Cooperating Agencies: USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC), Hilo, Hawai’i; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Migratory Birds and Habitat Program, Pacific Region BACKGROUND In keeping with its mission, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) is striving to recover and restore native species and their habitats in Hawai’i. To achieve this goal it is necessary to remove invasive rodents, including mice, from large geographic areas within the state. However, some of the scientific information needed to support removal of mice from the natural environment is currently lacking. Therefore, the Service, in cooperation with the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) are proposing to conduct a study at the U.S. Army Garrison, Pōhakuloa Training Area, Hawai’i to determine the response of mice to different application rates of two rodenticides: diphacinone and chlorophacinone. The Service would provide the funding for the proposed project and the NWRC would conduct the proposed study. Currently, diphacinone is the only rodenticide labeled for conservation purposes in Hawai’i. The information from the study would, if warranted by results, also be used to pursue registration for a conservation label from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for chlorophacinone. Invasive1 house mice (Mus musculus) are abundant and widespread in Hawaiian ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • Dr JL Birch School of Biosciences the University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC 3010 E-Mail
    Dr J.L. Birch School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne Parkville, VIC 3010 e-mail: [email protected] Phone: +613-8344-5040 EMPLOYMENT Herbarium Curator and Lecturer The University of Melbourne Herbarium (MELU) June 2016-current School of Biosciences Post-Doctoral Fellow Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. November 2011-May 2016 Supervisor: Dr Daniel J. Murphy Project Title: Systematics of Australian tussock grasses (Poaceae tribe Poeae) EDUCATION Ph.D. Botany Department and Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Hawaii at Manoa (UHM). August 2011 Advisor: Dr Clifford W. Morden Dissertation title: The systematics and historical biogeography of the Asteliaceae (Asparagales) Master's Plant Biology, University of Texas at Austin (UTA). August 2004 Advisor: Dr Beryl B. Simpson Thesis title: The Gideon Lincecum Herbarium: A Floristic and Ethnobotanic Analysis B.S. Plant Biology, University of Texas at Austin. August 2001 B.S. Botany, Victoria University of Wellington. December 1990 RESEARCH Research Grants (selected): (TOTAL: $514,000 AUD) 2016 Hermon Slade Foundation ($81,000 AUD) 2016 Australian Biological Resources Study Post-doctoral Fellowship Grant ($270,000 AUD) 2015 Australian Biological Resources Study Applied Taxonomy Grant ($88,000 AUD) 2013 Cuatrecasas Travel Fellowship, Smithsonian Institution ($700 AUD/$500 USD) 2011 Association of Plant Taxonomists, IBC Graduate Student Travel Award ($2800 AUD/$2,000 USD) 2011 Graduate Student Organization (UHM), Graduate Student Travel Grant (($2800 AUD/$2,000 USD) 2010 Graduate Division (UHM), RCUH Dissertation Completion Award ($12600 AUD/$9,000 USD) 2009 National Science Foundation, Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant ($7500 AUD/$5,350 USD) 2009 Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation Biology Program (UHM), Watson T.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeography of Finches and Sparrows
    In: Animal Genetics ISBN: 978-1-60741-844-3 Editor: Leopold J. Rechi © 2009 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Chapter 1 PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF FINCHES AND SPARROWS Antonio Arnaiz-Villena*, Pablo Gomez-Prieto and Valentin Ruiz-del-Valle Department of Immunology, University Complutense, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain. ABSTRACT Fringillidae finches form a subfamily of songbirds (Passeriformes), which are presently distributed around the world. This subfamily includes canaries, goldfinches, greenfinches, rosefinches, and grosbeaks, among others. Molecular phylogenies obtained with mitochondrial DNA sequences show that these groups of finches are put together, but with some polytomies that have apparently evolved or radiated in parallel. The time of appearance on Earth of all studied groups is suggested to start after Middle Miocene Epoch, around 10 million years ago. Greenfinches (genus Carduelis) may have originated at Eurasian desert margins coming from Rhodopechys obsoleta (dessert finch) or an extinct pale plumage ancestor; it later acquired green plumage suitable for the greenfinch ecological niche, i.e.: woods. Multicolored Eurasian goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) has a genetic extant ancestor, the green-feathered Carduelis citrinella (citril finch); this was thought to be a canary on phonotypical bases, but it is now included within goldfinches by our molecular genetics phylograms. Speciation events between citril finch and Eurasian goldfinch are related with the Mediterranean Messinian salinity crisis (5 million years ago). Linurgus olivaceus (oriole finch) is presently thriving in Equatorial Africa and was included in a separate genus (Linurgus) by itself on phenotypical bases. Our phylograms demonstrate that it is and old canary. Proposed genus Acanthis does not exist. Twite and linnet form a separate radiation from redpolls.
    [Show full text]
  • Recording Some of Breeding Birds in Mehmedan Region of Republic Yemen
    Available online a t www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Pelagia Research Library European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2014, 4(1):625-632 ISSN: 2248 –9215 CODEN (USA): EJEBAU Recording some of breeding birds in Mehmedan region of Republic Yemen Fadhl Adullah Nasser Balem and Mohamed Saleh Alzokary Biology Department, Aden University, Yaman _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Mehmedan region is always green and there are different trees, shrubs, herbs and a lot of land which cultivated by corn, millet and other monetary plants. The site has been identified by the authors as an important Bird Area and especially for passerines breeding birds. Aim of this paper is to recording of some breeding birds.Many field visits during the year (2012) were conducted and (13) breeding bird species were recoded, these birds relating to (5) Orders, (10) Families, and (11) Genera. Key words: Breeding birds, Mehmedan, Yemen. _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION At present time about (432) bird species were recorded in avifauna of Yemen of which (1) is endemic, (2) have been introduced by humans, and (25) are rare or accidental, (14) species are globally threatened.Mehmedan region located in southern Tehama which defined as lying south of (21 0N) along the Saudi Arabian and Yemen Red Sea lowlands and east along the Gulf of Aden to approximately (46 0E).Temperatures and humidity greatly increase southwards and rainfall decreases but the area has many permanent water courses and much subsurface water due to the considerable rub-off of rainwater from the highlands. Consequently there is much more vegetation in the wadis and there is a good deal of traditional, small scale agriculture mostly of millet, sorghum and vegetables[1].
    [Show full text]
  • A Landscape-Based Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability for All Native Hawaiian Plants
    Technical Report HCSU-044 A LANDscape-bASED ASSESSMENT OF CLIMatE CHANGE VULNEraBILITY FOR ALL NatIVE HAWAIIAN PLANts Lucas Fortini1,2, Jonathan Price3, James Jacobi2, Adam Vorsino4, Jeff Burgett1,4, Kevin Brinck5, Fred Amidon4, Steve Miller4, Sam `Ohukani`ohi`a Gon III6, Gregory Koob7, and Eben Paxton2 1 Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative, Honolulu, HI 96813 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaii National Park, HI 96718 3 Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 4 U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service —Ecological Services, Division of Climate Change and Strategic Habitat Management, Honolulu, HI 96850 5 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawai‘i National Park, HI 96718 6 The Nature Conservancy, Hawai‘i Chapter, Honolulu, HI 96817 7 USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Hawaii/Pacific Islands Area State Office, Honolulu, HI 96850 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai‘i at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 (808) 933-0706 November 2013 This product was prepared under Cooperative Agreement CAG09AC00070 for the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center of the U.S. Geological Survey. Technical Report HCSU-044 A LANDSCAPE-BASED ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY FOR ALL NATIVE HAWAIIAN PLANTS LUCAS FORTINI1,2, JONATHAN PRICE3, JAMES JACOBI2, ADAM VORSINO4, JEFF BURGETT1,4, KEVIN BRINCK5, FRED AMIDON4, STEVE MILLER4, SAM ʽOHUKANIʽOHIʽA GON III 6, GREGORY KOOB7, AND EBEN PAXTON2 1 Pacific Islands Climate Change Cooperative, Honolulu, HI 96813 2 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Hawaiʽi National Park, HI 96718 3 Department of Geography & Environmental Studies, University of Hawaiʽi at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 4 U.
    [Show full text]
  • List 01 Hawaiian Names 01 Plants
    V\.{). 3 v BOTANICAL BULLETIN NO.2 JUNE. 1913 TERRITORY OF HAWAII BOARD OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY List 01 Hawaiian Names 01 Plants BY JOSEPH F. ROCK Consulting Botanist, Board of Agriculture and Forestry HONOLULU: HAWAIIAN GAZETTE CO., LTD. 1913 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF HAWAIIAN NAMES OF PLANTS. The following list of Hawaiian plant-names has been compiled from various sources. Hillebrand in his valuable Flora of the Hawaiian Islands has given many Hawaiian names, especially of the more common species; these are incorporated in this list with a few corrections. Nearly all Hawaiian plant-names found in this list and not in Hillebrand's Flora were secured from Mr. Francis Gay of the Island of Kauai, an old resident in this Terri­ tory and well acquainted with its plants from a layman's stand­ point. It was the writer's privilege to camp with Mr. Gay in the mountains of Kauai collecting botanical material; for almost every species he could give the native name, which he had se­ cured in the early days from old and reliable natives. Mr. Gay had made spatter prints of many of the native plants in a large record book with their names and uses, as well as their symbolic meaning when occurring in mele (songs) or olioli (chants), at­ tached to them. For all this information the writer is indebted mainly to Mr. Francis Gay and also to Mr. Augustus F. Knudsen of the same Island. The writer also secured Hawaiian names from old na­ tives and Kahunas (priests) in the various islands of the group.
    [Show full text]