Issue 12, April 2019 ISSN: 2286-7511 EISSN: 2287-0113 Special Issue–Sex Work Editorial: Gains and Challenges in the Global Movement for Sex Workers’ Rights Sex Worker Resistance in the Neoliberal Creative City: An auto/ethnography Latin American and Caribbean Sex Workers: Gains and challenges in the movement The Philippine Sex Workers Collective: Struggling to be heard, not saved Sex Work, Migration, and Human Trafficking in South Africa: From polarised arguments to potential partnerships Butterfly: Resisting the harms of anti-trafficking policies and fostering peer-based organising in Canada Unacceptable Forms of Work in the Thai Sex and Entertainment Industry Of Raids and Returns: Sex work movement, police oppression, and thepolitics of the ordinary in Sonagachi, India The ‘Prioritizing Safety for Sex Workers Policy’: A sex worker rights and anti-trafficking initiative ‘The Problem of Prostitution’: Repressive policies in the name of migration control, public order, and women’s rights in France ‘Sex Trafficking’ as Epistemic Violence Short articles The New Virtual Crackdown on Sex Workers’ Rights: Perspectives from the United States Time to Turn Up the Volume Book review Anti-trafficking Efforts and Colonial Violence in Canada ATR issue 12 FirstPart-Art 1.pmd1 1/1/2545, 8:55 anti reviewtrafficking GUEST EDITOR EDITOR ANNALEE LEPP BORISLAV GERASIMOV EDITORIAL BOARD RUTVICA ANDRIJASEVIC, University of Bristol, United Kingdom LYNDSEY BEUTIN, Oberlin College, United States JACQUELINE BHABHA, Harvard School of Public Health, United States URMILA BHOOLA, UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences, South Africa XIANG BIAO, Oxford University, United Kingdom LUCIANA CAMPELLO, Panamerican Health Organization, Brazil JOY NGOZI EZEILO, University of Nigeria; Former UN Special Rapporteur on trafficking in persons, especially women and children, Nigeria ANNE T. GALLAGHER, Independent scholar and legal advisor, Australia JOHN GEE, Transient Workers Count Too, Singapore CHANDRE GOULD, Institute for Security Studies, South Africa YANA HASHAMOVA, Ohio State University, United States SUZANNE HOFF, La Strada International, The Netherlands KRISTIINA KANGASPUNTA, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, Austria KAMALA KEMPADOO, York University, Canada ANNALEE LEPP, University of Victoria, Canada MARIKA WEN MCADAM, Independent Consultant, Australia SVERRE MOLLAND, Australian National University, Australia REBECCA NAPIER-MOORE, Independent Consultant, Thailand MARINA NOVAES, Secretariat of Human Rights and Citizenship of Sao Paulo’s City Hall, Brazil VICTORIA IJEOMA NWOGU, United Nations Development Programme, Somalia JULIA O’CONNELL DAVIDSON, University of Bristol, United Kingdom PIA OBEROI, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland SAM OKYERE, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom ELAINE PEARSON, Human Rights Watch, Australia NICOLA PIPER, University of Sydney, Australia NIVEDITA PRASAD, Alice Salomon University of Applied Sciences, Germany CAROLINE ROBINSON, Focus on Labour Exploitation, United Kingdom JYOTI SANGHERA, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Switzerland MARIE SEGRAVE, Monash University, Australia ELENA SHIH, Brown University, United States KENDRA STRAUSS, Simon Fraser University, United States REBECCA SURTEES, NEXUS Institute, United States SALLIE YEA, Independent scholar and consultant, Australia CATHY ZIMMERMAN, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom ATR issue 12 FirstPart-Art 1.pmd2 1/1/2545, 8:55 ANTI-TRAFFICKING REVIEW Special Issue SEX WORK Issue 12 April 2019 The Anti-Trafficking Review (ISSN 2286-7511) is published by the Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women (GAATW), a network of over 80 NGOs worldwide focused on advancing the human rights of migrants and trafficked persons. The Anti-Trafficking Review promotes a human rights-based approach to anti-trafficking. It explores trafficking in its broader context including gender analyses and intersections with labour and migration. It offers an outlet and space for dialogue between academics, practitioners, trafficked persons and advocates seeking to communicate new ideas and findings to those working for and with trafficked persons. The Review is primarily an e-journal, published biannually. The journal presents rigorously considered, peer-reviewed material in clear English. Each issue relates to an emerging or overlooked theme in the field of anti-trafficking. Articles contained in the Review represent the views of the respective authors and not necessarily those of the editors, the Editorial Board, the GAATW network or its members. The editorial team reserves the right to edit all articles before publication. ATR issue 12 FirstPart-Art 1.pmd3 1/1/2545, 8:55 The Anti-Trafficking Review is an open access publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY). The Anti-Trafficking Review promotes the sharing of information, and we therefore encourage the reproduction and onward dissemination of articles published with us. Copyediting: Matthias Lehmann Layout and printing: Sam Lada LP ATR issue 12 FirstPart-Art 1.pmd4 1/1/2545, 8:55 ANTI-TRAFFICKING REVIEW Issue 12, April 2019 1 Editorial: Gains and Challenges in the Global Movement for Sex Workers’ Rights Annalee Lepp and Borislav Gerasimov Thematic Articles: Sex Work 15 Sex Worker Resistance in the Neoliberal Creative City: An auto/ethnography Alex Tigchelaar 37 Latin American and Caribbean Sex Workers: Gains and challenges in the movement Amalia L. Cabezas 57 The Philippine Sex Workers Collective: Struggling to be heard, not saved Sharmila Parmanand 74 Sex Work, Migration, and Human Trafficking in South Africa: From polarised arguments to potential partnerships Ntokozo Yingwana, Rebecca Walker, and Alex Etchart 91 Butterfly: Resisting the harms of anti- trafficking policies and fostering peer- based organising in Canada Elene Lam and Annalee Lepp 108 Unacceptable Forms of Work in the Thai Sex and Entertainment Industry Leo Bernardo Villar ATR issue 12 FirstPart-Art 1.pmd5 1/1/2545, 8:55 127 Of Raids and Returns: Sex work movement, police oppression, and the politics of the or- dinary in Sonagachi, India Simanti Dasgupta 140 The ‘Prioritizing Safety for Sex Workers Policy’: A sex worker rights and anti-traffick- ing initiative Alexandra Lutnick 155 ‘The Problem of Prostitution’: Repressive poli- cies in the name of migration control, public order, and women’s rights in France Charl ne Calderaro and Calogero Giametta 172 ‘Sex Trafficking’ as Epistemic Violence Ben Chapman-Schmidt Short articles section 189 The New Virtual Crackdown on Sex Workers’ Rights: Perspectives from the United States Meghan Peterson, Bella Robinson, and Elena Shih 194 Time to Turn Up the Volume Nadia van der Linde Book review 201 Anti-trafficking Efforts and Colonial Violence in Canada Katrin Roots ATR issue 12 FirstPart-Art 1.pmd6 1/1/2545, 8:55 A Lepp and B Gerasimov Editorial: Gains and Challenges in the Global Movement for Sex Workers’ Rights Annalee Lepp and Borislav Gerasimov Suggested citation: A Lepp and B Gerasimov, ‘Editorial: Gains and Challenges in the Global Movement for Sex Workers’ Rights’, Anti-Trafficking Review, issue 12, 2019, pp. 1-13, www.antitraffickingreview.org Over the past two decades, there has been a growing body of excellent academic and community-based literature on sex workers’ lives, work, and organising efforts, and on the harmful effects of anti-trafficking discourses, laws, and policies on diverse sex worker communities. Importantly, a significant portion of this work has been produced by sex workers and sex worker organisations.1 When we decided to devote this Special Issue of Anti-Trafficking Review to the theme of sex work, we acknowledged this reality. However, we also thought that, given that the discourses, laws, and policies that directly impact sex workers globally are continually changing, the production of new evidence- based research and critical perspectives is constantly needed. Sex Workers Organising for Change While the history of sex worker activism can be traced to at least the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, most of the literature focuses on the emergence and growth of the global sex worker rights movement beginning in the 1970s and 1980s.2 Since then, sex workers (women, men, trans, and non-binary people) have organised to demand recognition of sexual labour as labour; 1 See, as one of many examples: P G Macioti and G G Geymonat, Sex Workers Speak. Who listens?, Beyond Trafficking and Slavery, 2016, https://cdn-prod. opendemocracy.net/media/documents/BTS_Sex_Workers_Speak.pdf. 2 See, for example, G Gall, Sex Worker Union Organising: An international study, Palgrave McMillan, New York, 2006; NSWP, History, https://nswp.org/history; K Kempadoo and J Doezema, eds., Global Sex Workers: Rights, resistance, and redefinition, Routledge, New York and London, 1998. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY). Under the CC-BY license, the public is free to share, adapt, and make commercial use of the work. Users must always give proper attribution to the authors and the Anti-Trafficking Review. 1 ATR issue 12--9.pmd 1 1/1/2545, 0:22 ANTI-TRAFFICKING REVIEW 12 (2019): 1-13 challenge stigma, discrimination, and all forms of violence, including by law enforcement; improve working conditions; lobby for full human, social, and labour rights; advocate for the decriminalisation of sex