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Annual Report of the Colonies. Gambia 1932

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Annual Report of the Colonies. Gambia 1932 COLONIAL REPORTS —ANNUAL No. 1616 ANNUAL REPORT ON THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROGRESS OF THE PEOPLE OF THE GAMBIA, 1932 (For Report for igjo see No. 1543 (Price is.) and for Report for 1931 see No. 1^2 (Price 2s.)) Crown Copyright Reserved PRINTED w rnt GAMBIA LONDON PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE To be purchased directly from H,M. STATIONERY OFFICE At the following address** Adastral House, Kiugsway, London, WC.a; iao, George bucet, Edinburgh a York Street, Manchester i; i, St. Andrew's Crescent, Cardiff 15, Donegall Square West, Belfast or through any Bookseller 1933 Price 2£. od. Net 58-1616 Reports, etc., of Imperial and Colonial Interest IMPERIAL ECONOMIC CONFERENCE AT OTTAWA, 1932. Summary of Proceedings and Copies of Trade Agreement*. [Cmd. 4174.] la. W, (U. 8d.). Appendices to tbe Summary of Proceedings. [Cmd. 417!/.] 3*. {3s. 3d.). COLONIAL OFFICE CONFERENCE, 1920. Summary of Proceedings. [Cmd. 3628.] 2s. (2s. 2d.). Appendices to the Summary of Proceedings, [Cmd. 3629.] 3a. (3«. 3d.). CONFERENCE OF EMPIRE SURVEY OFFICERS, 1931. Report of Proceedings, , [Colonial No. 70.] £1 (£1 Qa, 9d.), SYSTEM OF APPOINTMENT IN THE COLONIAL OFFICE AND IN THE COLONIAL SERVICES. Report of a Committee appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies. [Cmd. 3054.] U.(U.ld.). TANGANYIKA TERRITORY. Report by Sir Sydney Armitage-Smith, K.B.E., C.B., on a Financial Mission to. [Cmd. 4182.] 2a. Qd, (2a. Sd.). MALAYA, CEYLON, AND JAVA. Report by tLe Rt. Hon. W. G. A. Ormsby Gore o: is visit during the ,cirl928. [Cmd. 3235.] 4a. Qd. (4*. »d.). PAPERS RELATING TO THE HEALTH AND PROGRESS OF NATIVE POPULATIONS IN CERTAIN PARTS OF THE EMPIRE. [ColonialNo.W.] 3*. (3a. 3dX CUSTOMS TARIFFS OF THE NON-SELF-GOVERNING COLONIES, PROTECTORATES, MANDATED TERRITORIES, &c. [Colonial No. 72.] 5a. Qd. (Ba. lid.). HONG KONG CURRENCY. Report of a Commission appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies, May, 1931. [Cmd.* 3932.] 1*. (la. 2d.). CLOSER UNION IN EAST AFRICA, Joint Select Committee on. H.C. 166. Vol. I.—Report and Proceedings ... la. Qd. (la. 8d). Vol. II.-—Minutee of Evidence £1 10*. (£1 10*. 9c?.). Vol. III.—Appendices 4*. Qd. (4*. lid!.). CONSTITUTION OF CEYLON. [Cmd. 3862.] la. U. (la. U.). INFORMATION AS TO THE CONDITION AND COST OF LIVING IN THE COLONIES, PROTECTORATES AND MANDATED TERRITORIES. [Colonial No. 56.] 3*. (3*. 3d.)' FINANCIAL SITUATION OF BRITISH GUIANA. Report of a Commission appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies. [Cmd. 3938.] 1*. (1*. 2d.). MALTA ROYAL COMMISSION, 1931. Report. [Cmd. 3993.] 3*. Qd. (3a. lid.). Minutes of Evidence. ' [Colonial No. 68.] 5*. (5s. 'IRAQ. Special Report by H.BJ&L Government to the Council of the League of Nations on the Progress of, during the period 1920-1931. [Colonial No. 58.] 5*. Qd. (Ba. Ud.). Report on the Administration of, 1931. [Colonial No. 74.] 4*. Cel. (ia. Sd.). REPORT BY H.B.M. GOVERNMENT TO THE COUNCIL OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF PALESTINE AND TRANS-JORDAN FOR THE YEAR 1931. [Colonial No. 75.J 8*. (8*. Ad.). > ' • All prices are net, and tho$t {%> parentheses indude postage. Obtainable from HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE At the Addresses on the Front Cover of this report TABU1'- OF CONTENTS, PAG* Chapter I. History, Geography and Climate ... i. do. II. Government ... ... ... ... 7. do. Ill, Population ... ... ... ... 10. do. IV. Health ... ... 12. do. V. Housing ... ... ... ... IH. do. VI. Production ... ... ... ... 14. do. VII. Commerce ... ... ... ... 16. do. VIII. Wages and Cost of Living ... ... 20. do. IX, Education and Welfan* InMiiniions ... 22. do. X. Communications and Transport ... ... 24. do. XL Banking, Cnnvnev. Weights and M ra«iir<»»* 27. do. XII. Public Works do. XIII. Justice and Police ... ... ... \\\. do. XIV. Legislation ... ... ... ... Wi do. XV. Public Finance, and Taxation ... ... :\H do. XVI. Land and Survev ... ... ... 4 1 Appendix 1 4.1. Appendix II 44. Annual Report on the Social and Economic Progress of the People of the Gambia 1 9 3 2. CIIAPTKK I. HISTORY, GKO<;IIAIMIY AND CLIMATK. History. In the 10th, 11th, 12t.li and l.'Jth centuries the Arabs acquired and recorded a good deal of information about the interior of West Africa, but the cartography of Senegambia remained still a blank south of the Gezola or Gedala Tuareg of the Seguict-el-Ilamra (Wadi Targa) when the Gemese Giovanni di Caringnano made Ids planisphere in 1320. In the 12th and l.'Jth centuries, however, the numerous Jewish trading communities which traded mainly in gold from such centres as Tuat and Nul Lamta (Wadi Draa) south to Mclli ( Bambuk ) and beyond, had acquired so much information about the Western Sudan and Sahara that the maps of tin* cartographers of Majorca as, for instance, tin* planisphere of Angelino Dulcert (Majorca; Kiii!) A.I and that of the converted Jew Mecia de Yiladcstcs l-ll.'J AJ>. show a considerable advance in recorded knowledge. The latter shows Taghazza or Taodeni of the salt mines (the Tulelc of the VA Bckii) as Tutega, and also Tacrur, the country of the Tueolor, and for tin.* first time the Gambia- River is shown under the1 name u N'gelakaTo the north of tin* jVgelaka is a name (Me or Wude, also a country and cape called A bach as well as I hangar •(the Senegal .River). In the valley of the river jVgelaka, a place called Tcgcrut is shewn, the name being probably akin to the name N'gelaka, both being derived from the Berber N'gcl, Vgar, or N'gir with Berber ending -ek or -i!•:. Angelico Dulcert shows, to tin* south of the coast region called A bach, a people called Kcllc who arc probably identical with the Ude of Yiladestes, Kulbe. Though Phoenician sailors from (iadeira (Gadiz) are said lo have traded down the West ('oast of Africa, the first recorded European exploratory expedition to tin1 Gambia by sea was that of the (Jeiarse Anionic Usodimare, who, on the1 12th December, 14.*)o, wrote to his relatives that he had " gone N00 leagues further than any other Christian " and had navigated his ' caravel* as far as t lie* (Jamba ((Jambia). Usodimare had left Genoa about the time of the death of the King of Spain, John II of Castile in H.>4, at a time when the Spaniards were busy protesting to the Pope against the Portuguese expeditions to Cape Bogador and beyond, but GsodhnareV interests or sympathies led bin. to take back to Lisbon an envuy from a Gnmbian chief, and agree to make a second voyage to the Gambia as an envoy of the King of Portugal. Alphonso V. In the letter above quoted, he remarks that he is to sail again m ten days from Lisbon. He al:o says that the envoy from the < iambian chief was a descendant of a Portuguese sailor who had been Kived from one of tin1 ships of the Vivaldi Fxpe lition which had been lost about 170 years before., m1,, in 128/3. Usodimare related his adventures " in the land of Ba lomel (Ac, the land of the Bur Dumel) to tin- Venetian (Vda Mosto, The latter, on the 22nd March, 1 do.), set out on board a Portuguese Va r.vcl supplied by Prince Henry tin* Navigator, to make further explorations in Senegambia. (\a\la Mosto records that the King of the Jolofs at this lime was called Ziiclmlin (Vda Mosto <!i.5i.nbarked a( ( ay or, *• ITi<* palm beach of Bur Dmnel *\ At the town of the * Bisboror \ the nephew of the king, (aula Mosto wiw onterlained. The Bar Dmnel was a professing' Muhanuuedau at this time. The dohif Kingdom is .-aid by CaMa Mosto to have extended east as far as the country of the Fulbc and the Tueolor. South, of tlie K;;._.b ... wf doal and north of the (iambia was the country of the Barha.be Their King lived in the interior in a fortified town called tlagaon (d,>go) in place of the former (*apit;d M'bisxd in Sine v .••,!' >!aek. (Vda Mo>|o also disembarked on an island in the estuary of ibe (Iambia which he called the Isle of Si. Andrew after the christian name of a sailor who was buried there. O) pro.'e-'dinu1 further (\iMa Mosto was told fled the country helmed to Kin^ FarNangal ( 1bu Senegal) a va<sal of the Bar M<»!li. Twenty leagues s*>u!h of lie* (iambia (10:) miles) (\fda Mosto met ihe (a.«a Mansa. but before making this journev he records that he wint (50 league:. (240 miles) t0 the south" in the kingdom of the *Battimausa\ The word ;snutlf however, here do -»s not mean "directly south1', but- south cast, The Batlimansa was the King of the 44 Ba I li-bu M. between the Bintaeg Creek and Ivanfora. Almost at the same time as (Vda MHIO'S visit to the* (iambia, it was visited by Diago Gone/ who also minions the 4 Farisangal ' (Bar Senegal). (Juidt'd by a certain Bu'ker (Bukr) Gomez visited Kautora. It was Irdicxed by these travellers that the Sanegal and (iambia were two mouths of on*1 river enelosin.?; the "delta of the Nile of (iana \ The two rivers are so shown on a Venetian map of that period. According to Paehio Pcreira, the chief commercial centre of Kautora at this tine1 was called Suluku. The whole of tlie right bank of the Upper River was subject to the King; of M«dlc ( Bar Melle), ic.v \y \ b.iul. presumably bring the Kingdom of the BaMi Mansa. The trade I'oute from Kaukau ((iao) to Kautora.
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