Chapter – 1 General Description of the Tract
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CAT PLAN – LAMBADUG HEP (25 MW) CHAPTER – 1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE TRACT 1.1 Introduction India is endowed with a vast Hydro Power potential, assessed at 1,50,000 MW (corresponding to 84,044 MW at 60% load factor). Out of this about 26900 MW an amounting to 18% of the total potential has been harnessed. The 16th Electric Power survey carried out by Central Electricity Authority (CEA) has projected a peak demand of 1,15,700 MW and an energy requirement of 7,19,100 mu by the end of 10th five year plan, while the requirement by the end of 11th five year plan has been projected as 1,51,100 MW and 97,25,200 mu respectively. Himachal Pradesh has five river basins, which provide an ample scope for development of Hydro power potential. Out of these five basins, Beas basin has the potential of about 4293 MW of electricity. The Lambadug Hydro Electric Project is a run of the river scheme on Lambadug Khad a tributary of Uhl river in Kangra Distt. of Himachal Pradesh. The Lambadug has its origin in northern part. It originates from the Makori glacier at an altitude of 5000 m above mean sea level. The river Uhl also originate in the northen ranges from the Thamsar Glacier at an altitude of 5000m. These rivers namely Uhl and the Lambadug join near Barot or Multhan village. Total catchment area of Lambadug Khad is about 197 sq. km. A large portion of catchment is under snow. A portion is covered with dense forests and major portion is steep mountainous region with rocky outcrops & contains many glaciers, which provide the stream with perennial water flow. There is about 2000 persons residing above diversion in the catchment area. Topo Sheets Survey of India No 53 E/13 & 53 E/14 covers the catchment area. The catchment area above the diversion site falls in the Dhauladhar Wild life Sanctuary. The Dhauladhar wild life Sanctuary is located/situated between 320 – 01′ – 42″ to 310 – 27′ – 27″ north latitude and 760 – 41′ – 41″ to 770 – 01′ – 42″ East longititude. The area is rich in bio diversity. Therefore, while devising the CAT plan for the area a special attention is required to be made keeping in view of the Apex court order dated 25.11.2005 and under section 33 read with Sec. 29 of the Wild Life (P) Act, 1 CAT PLAN – LAMBADUG HEP (25 MW) 1972. The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in CWP No. 202/95 dated 14.02.2000, prohibited the removal of dead, deceased drying and fallen trees, drift wood and grasses from National Park and Sanctuary. And now order dated 25th November 2005, the order dated 14.02.2000 will not be applicable to the following activities provided that they : - 1. are undertaken as per the Management Plan approved by the competent authority. 2. are Consistent with the provision of the Wild Life (P) Act, 1972. 3. are undertaken consistent with National Wild Life Action Plan. 4. are inconformity with the guidelines issued for the Management of the PA’s from time to time, and 5. The construction and related activities are designed to merge with the natural surrounding and as far as possible use forest friendly material. It is a well-established fact that reservoirs formed by weirs on rivers are subjected to sedimentation. The process of sedimentation embodies the sequential processes of erosion, entrainment, transportation, deposition and compaction of sediment. The study of erosion and sediment yield from catchments is of utmost importance as the deposition of sediment in reservoir reduces its capacity, and thus affecting the water availability for the designated use. The eroded sediment from catchment when deposited on streambeds and banks causes breaching of river reach. The removal of top fertile soil from catchment adversely affects the agricultural production. Thus, a well-designed Catchment Area Treatment (CAT) plan is essential to ameliorate the above-mentioned adverse process of soil erosion and maintenance of ecological balance including atmospheric equilibrium, which are vital for sustenance of all life forms, humans, animal and plants of Lambadug valley. Therefore, proper soil and moisture conservation treatment, bio-engineering works, habitat improvement by way of incentive management of Wild Life Sanctuary and eco development activities are 2 CAT PLAN – LAMBADUG HEP (25 MW) required to be carried out in the Lambadug catchment area. The human and cattle population living in and around the Lambadug catchment are dependent on the natural resources of Dhauladhar wild life Sanctuary because of which greater emphasis has been laid to undertake afforestation, pasture development, bio- diversity conservation with soil and moisture conservation works in the catchment area including eco-development activities in surrounding areas and with the provision of alternative sources of domestic energy on a subsidized basis (50% cost to be given by the beneficiaries) to reduce pressure on the existing forest areas. 1.2 Topography and Drainage: The terrain of the catchment area is mainly mountainous, which can be described as moderate to steep with precipitous slopes. The whole area drains into river Uhl 1.3 Geology: Geological features of the entire project area were studied in detail with respect to relevant information obtained through surface geological mapping of the project area and actual measurement made on rock out crops along the proposed water conductor system alignment during investigation carried out at site. The area lies in the lesser HIMALAYAN ranges. The tract is mostly mountainous and hilly and altitude varies between 2235 to 6089 m and is dominated by Dhauladhar Mountain range. Dhauladhar ridge is composed of course grained granite and gneiss. The granite consists mostly of Quartz, feldspar and biotite. The rocks type found in the area are sand stone, siltstone to phyllite quartzite. The main types rock in the project area phyllite and quartzite only. The area is free from any major geological discontinuities. Generally the area is rocky and terrain is massive granitic gneissies. 3 CAT PLAN – LAMBADUG HEP (25 MW) 1.4 Land Use Pattern: No specific land use survey has been carried out in the catchment area. The land use as per the record available has been tabulated for Dhauladhar wild Life Sanctuary, which is as under: Name of the Forest Land Wet Land Glaciers Grazing Land Total area (Sq.Km) (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) Dhauladhar 164.59 3.89 280.89 500.00 944.00 Wild Life Sanctuary The above detail is only for the for the forest land of Dhauladhar wild life sanctuary. However there is cultivated land also in the Santuary area. The people of these areas are up against the Govt for extraction of their land from the Santuary area. The details of the cultivated land in the Sanctuary area under the ownership of the individuals is as follows Barani Barani Barani B.Bagicha Banjar Gair Abbal Doyam Soyam Faldar Kadeem Khadetar Mumkin Jangal Multhan 94355 14608 136908 15893 36770 1138 15019 12999 Cherna 105046 37839 48411 1178 12068 47741 11216 Polling 285406 493999 472701 22114 60612 56329 45451 Khadimalla 22738 72581 215146 4442 17889 67251 19547 Naphota 109130 123552 14289 3776 18081 42964 17658 Luai 180101 341797 54377 8883 186264 62451 90650 Swad 69979 279055 42169 12979 162847 97823 230670 TOTAL 866755 1363431 984001 69265 494531 375697 430211 12999 G.TOTAL 4596890 Say Sq. Km 4.59689 (Source; Revenue Authorities Multahn Distt. Kangra, H.P.) 1.5 Live Stock Population: The main occupation of the people of the area is agriculture supplemented by animal husbandry. Majority of people in the area possess sheeps and goats. The majority of population in the area owns the livestock for their daily needs The total no. of live stock population of the catchment is summarized below. 4 CAT PLAN – LAMBADUG HEP (25 MW) LIVESTOCK PROFILE OF LAMBADUG CATCHMENT AREA Sr. No. Village Household Men Women Total Cow Ox Sheep Goat Mule Horses 1 Multhan 38 85 84 169 32 27 59 20 0 0 2 Seri 12 49 53 102 1 0 0 2 3 3 3 Cherna 39 123 87 210 102 65 52 12 0 0 4 Swar 55 138 113 251 91 15 61 9 0 0 5 Judhar 30 72 68 140 108 66 120 6 0 0 6 Tarmeher 70 152 98 250 102 86 152 8 0 0 7 Luai 53 144 105 249 62 34 106 14 0 0 8 Bhujling 68 263 218 481 149 65 1630 1317 0 0 9 Napotha 53 110 103 213 65 34 589 363 0 0 10 Anderlimallan 98 188 171 359 98 91 1214 832 0 0 11 Kharimallan 81 162 153 315 44 33 162 128 0 0 12 Polling 127 391 330 721 100 133 1445 187 0 0 13 Ropru 23 63 51 114 29 19 41 25 0 0 TOTAL 747 1940 1634 3574 983 668 5631 2923 3 3 (Source: Dhauladhar Wildlife Sanctuary Management Plan) The live stock population of Uhl Forest Range of Kangra District census data 2001 is as under Cow Buffalo Sheep Ox Goat Donkey Mules Horse Total 3460 125 12873 2365 10171 2 165 251 29412 1.6 Human Population: According to the 2001 census of Kangra District the total population is 1338536 with 660224 males and 678312 females and sex ratio is 1027 females per 1000 males. The density per Sq. Km is 233 persons. The low density of population is on account of the difficult hills terrain and severe climatic condition in the district. The population of Lambadug Valley including Multhan sub division is about 4500. There are nearly 18 villages in sub tehsil which falls in the catchment area of the Lambadug River.