Posidonia Oceanica on the COASTS of TURKEY and NORTHERN

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FIRST NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile ON THE COASTS OF TURKEY

19-20 September 2013, Gökçeada, TURKEY

Edited by Yelda AKTAN Veysel AYSEL

Publication number: 39

FIRST NATIONAL WORKSHOP ON Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile ON THE COASTS OF TURKEY

19-20 September 2013, Gökçeada, TURKEY

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CONTENT 35()$&( ...... Y Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile on the coasts of Turkey %HUULQ'XUDO9H\VHO$\VHO1LlVXQ'HPLU ...... 1 Distribution of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile at various ORFDOLWLHV*XOIRIø]PLUDQG$HJHDQ6HD %HUULQ'XUDO9H\VHO$\VHO1LOVXQ'HPLU ...... Distribution of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile in the Sea of Marmara ùNUDQ&LULN%DUÕú$NoDOÕ ...... 37 6HWWLQJXS the MedposLGRQLD3URJUDPPHDORQJ7XUNLVK coastline *pUDUG3HUJHQWPolychaetes (Annelida: Polychaeta) associated with Posidonia oceanica / 'HOLOHDORQJWKHFoasts of Turkey and Northern Cyprus 0HOLK(UWDQdÕQDU ...... 77 Molluscs associated with Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile on the coasts of Turkey $OSHU'R÷DQ%LODOg]WUN0HVXWgQHQ%DQX%LWOLV%DNÕU ...... Crustaceans associated with Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile on the coasts of Turkey 7XQFHU.DWD÷DQ.HUHP%DNÕU ...... 115

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Sipunculans associated with Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile on the coasts of Turkey and Northern Cyprus ùHUPLQ$oÕN ...... 132 -XYHQLOHILVKDVVHPEODJHVDURXQG*|NoHDGD,VODQG 1RUWK $HJHDQ6HD(DVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQ Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile meadows, rocky and bare sand areas dHWLQ.HVNLQ0XDPPHU2UDOg]JU(PHNøQDQPD] ...... Importance of Posidonia oceanica (L.) 'HOLOHWRWKHHFRORJLFDO evaluation of marine waters (UJQ7DúNÕQ0HKPHWg]WUN ...... 153 Industrial researches on Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile /HYHQW&DYDú1D]OÕ0HUW ...... 1DWLRQDOVWUDWHJ\RIWKHFRQVHUYDWLRQRIWKH Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile beds in Turkish waters $\EDUV$OWÕSDUPDN ...... 178

PREFACE

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10 September 2013 Gökçeada, TURKEY Prof.Dr. Bayram ÖZTÜRK Director, TÜDAV

Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile on the coasts of Turkey

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Introduction

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VariouV VWXGLHV HVWDEOLVKHG WKH YHJHWDWLYH SDUDPHWHUV RI Posidonia oceanica LQ WKH 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ *LUDXG D b; 1979; Giraud et al., 1977; 3DQD\RWLGLVDQG*LUDXG7KHOLQDQG%HGKRPPH7KHOLQ et al., 1985; Pergent and Pergent-0DUWLQL 7KH\ LQFOXGHG SULQFLSDOO\ PHDGRZ W\SRORJ\ELRPDVVVKRRWGHQVLW\DQGOHDISKHQRORJ\ 7KLVEDVLFNQRZOHGJHZDV DGGHGWRLQVWXGLHVRIUHSURGXFWLYHVWUXFWXUH *LUDXG3HUJHQWet al DQGHSLSK\WLFFRPPXQLWLHV %RXGRXUHVTXHet al., 0D]]HOODDQG2WW DQGWKHGHWHUPLQDWLRQRIHQYLURQPHQWDOIDFWRUV 0HLQHV]et al., 1991; Leoni et al., DPRQJPDQ\RWKHUWRSLFV +HUHZHZLOOPHQWLRQVRPHEDVLFVWXGLHVSHUIRUPHGLQ7XUNH\ZKLFK KDYHPDGHXVHRIWKHVHEDVLFFKDUDFWHULVWLFV

Shoot density and shoot length

$VVWDWHGDERYHWKHROGHVWUHFRUGVRISKHQRORJ\DQGIORZHULQJLQ 7XUNH\ZHUHJLYHQE\3HUJHQW IRUWKHFRDVWRI8UOD/DWHUWKHVHUHFRUGV ZHUHFRPSDUHGZLWKGDWDIURP6Õ÷DFÕN%D\DQGILYHVWDWLRQVRQWKH 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ FRDVWV RI $OJHULD DQG )UDQFH 'XUDO DQG 3HUJHQW According WRWKHVHUHFRUGVSODQWVFROOHFWHGLQWKH7XUNLVKORFDWLRQVRI8UOD 8 DQG6Õ÷DFÕN 6 FDPHLQWRWKHFDWHJRU\RIµDQRUPDO¶ UHJDUGLQJGHSWKDFFRUGLQJ to Pergent et al., 7DEOH

Table 10DLQSKHQRORJLFDOSDUDPHWHUVPHDVXUHGLQGLIIHUHQWUHJLRQVRIWKH0HGLWHUUDQHDQDWP GHSWKV 'XUDODQG3HUJHQW

Parameter SÕJDFÕN%D\ Urla-Iskele La Marsa Port-Cros Banyuls (S2) (Turkey) (U2) (Turkey) $OJHULD (France) (France) Density 353 (shoot.m-2) Leaf number . .5 5. 5.8 5.1 (no.m-2) LAI (m2.m-2 ) 8.8 7.8 13.3 5.8

7KHSODQW¶VOHDYHVUHDFKWKHLUPD[LPXPOHQJWKLQWKHVSULQJDQG VXPPHU DQG WKH KHLJKW RI WKH FDQRS\ FDQ H[FHHG P GHSHQGLQJ RQ WKH HFRORJLFDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFVRIWKHVKRUHOLQH$WVRPHVWDWLRQVLQWKH*XOIRI,]PLU DVKHDWKZLWKROGOHDYHVRIPPOHDIOHQJWKVRIFP WKHFRDVWRI,OÕFD DQGDOHDIZLGWKRIFP .DUDEXUXQ KDYHRFFDVLRQDOO\EHHQUHSRUWHG$OVRLQ VDPSOLQJ RQ WKH 0HQWHú-,OÕFD FRDVW PHDVXUHG OHDI DQG VKRRW OHQJWKV LQ Posidonia EHGVZHUHODUJH,WZDVIRXQGWKDWYDULRXVSKHQRORJLFDOSDUDPHWHUVDW WKLVVWDWLRQZHUHJUHDWHUWKDQHOVHZKHUH 'XUDO 7DEOH

Table 2. /HDIDQGVKRRWOHQJWKVRIPosidonia beds at -3 m GHSWKVLQWKH*XOIRI,]PLU,OÕFDcoast 6HFWRU in July PRGLILHGIURP'XUDO

Depth 0.6-1 m 3 m 6KRRWOHQJWK FP 15.8 Orthotropic shoot (%) 95 98 Max. leaf lHQJWK FP Adult leaf lHQJWK FP .29 .19

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Leaf phenology

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YDULDWLRQV WKH\ FRUUHVSRQG WR D FODVVLFDO SKHQRPHQRQ REVHUYHG LQ Posidonia oceanica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et al. WKHQXPEHURIOHDYHVVDPSOHGDW VWDWLRQVDWGHSWKVIURPWR PZDVJUHDWHVWDW6WDWLRQ9 dHúPH no.m-2 DQG OHDVW DW 3DúDWDUODVÕ 6WDWLRQ 17 %RGUXP QRP-2 VHH VWDWLRQV)LJXUH )LJXUH

Table 3 0DLQ SKeQRORJLFDO SDUDPHWHUV PHDVXUHG IURP DGXOW DQG LQWHUPHGLDWHP. oceanica OHDYHV EHWZHHQ'HFHPEHUDQG$SULODWWKHILYHVWDWLRQVH[DPLQHG 'XUDODQG3HUJHQW

Urla-Iskele U1 Urla-Iskele U2 Urla-,VNHOH8 Parameter Adult Interm Total Adult Interm Total Adult Interm Total

Leaf number (no.m-2) 3.5 2. .1 3. 2.9 .5 3.2 2. 5.8

0HDQOHQJWK PP .1 . - 293.7 .8 - .8 - Foliar index .8 178.8 98.8 72.9 171.8 57.7 38.9 . (cm2.shoot-1) Leaf Area Index 9.5 5.3 .8 3.7 8.8 2. 1.7 .3 (m2.m-2) Coefficient A (%) 78.9 13. 51.3 71.7 .8 78.3 . .

SÕJDFÕN%D\6 SÕJDFÕN%D\6

Adult Interm Total Adult Interm Total Leaf number (no.m-2) 1.9 1.8 0HDQOHQJWK PP 238 - - Foliar index 39.2 17.2 (cm2.shoot-1) Leaf Area Index 3.7 1.2 (m2.m-2) Coefficient A (%) 31.1 38.2 37.5 37.9

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Biomas

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Sexual reproduction parameters

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)LJXUH. P.oceanica IORZHUV OHIW DQGGHYHORSPHQWIURPIORZHUWRIUXLW ULJKW )HEUXDU\-$SULO 6ÕJDFÕNP RULJLQDO

Structure of flowers and flowering

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Meadow density (shoot.m-2) 353 518 )ORZHULQJVKRRWV shoot.m-2) 1.9 7. 11.5 FlowHULQJ (%) 3.1 2.1 2.2

Table 61XPEHURIVSLNHVZLWKRUGHUVRI SHULQIORUHVFHQFH -PGHSWKV +KHUPDSKURGLWH; 0PDOHIORZHUV 'XUDODQG3HUJHQW'XUDO

Order of spikes Fertile Total flowers flowers Spike no 1 Spike no 2 Spike no 3 number number

Number of spikes 18 91 - - Sexuality + 0 + 0 + 0 - -

Number of flowers 7 28 5

% 1.7 7 7.5 1.2 - -

Fruit development

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6L]HRIUHSURGXFWLYHVWUXFWXUHV PP Months Urla-Iskele U1 SÕJDFÕN%D\6 SÕJDFÕN%D\6

September - - -

October - -

November - -

December January - February - March - - April -

As suggested by Giraud E WKLVUHVXOWFOHDUO\UHLWHUDWHVWKDWSODQWV VWDUW JURZLQJ LQ OHQJWK DV RI )HEUXDU\ DQG HVSHFLDOO\ LQ WKH VSULQJ 1R PHDQLQJIXO UHODWLRQV EHWZHHQ OHDIOHQJWKDQGIORZHULQJOHDIOHQJWK DQG VKRRW GHQVLW\RUWKHQXPEHURIOHDYHVDQGIORZHULQJZHUHREVHUYHGLQWKHSRSXODWLRQV RIHLWKHU-PRU-PGHSWKV 7DEOH

7DEOH. :DWHUWHPSHUDWXUHVKRRWGHQVLW\QXPEHURIIORZHUEXQGOHVLQIORUHVFHQFHs DQGSHUFHQWDJH RIIORZHULQJDWWZRGHSWKLQWHUYDOVby mRQWKV 'XUDODQG3HUJHQW

Shoot Number of FORZHULQJ(%) Number of Months Density.m-2 flower inflorescences.m- Temperature bundles.m-2 2 (oC) 1-3m -P 1-3m -P 1-3m -P 1-3m -P

December 15.8 9.1 3.8

January 15.8 - 3 - 33 -

February 8. 9.2 11.8

March 15.5 - 5.8 - 17 -

April 232 288 19.3 5.1 9.7 12 28

References

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*LUDXG * D 5HFHQVHPHQW GHV IORUDLVRQV GH Posidonia oceanica / 'HOLOHHQ0pGLWHUUDQpH5DSS&RPP,QWHUQMer Médit., Monaco - *LUDXG*E(VVDLGHFODVVHPHQWGHVKHUELHUVGHPosidonia oceanica / 'HOLOHBotanica Marina- *LUDXG * %RXGRXUHVTXH &) 0DUFRW - 0HLQHV] $ 9HUODTXH 0 Indices IRliares de Posidonia oceanica /LQQLp 'HOLOHHQ&RUVHHWGDQV OD5HJLRQ0DUVHLOODLVHRapp.Comm.int Mer Médit., -132. *LUDXG * 6XU XQH PpWKRGH GH PHVXUH HW GH FRPSWDJH GHV VWUXFWXUHV IROLDLUHV GH Posidania oceanica /LQQDHXV 'HOLOH Bull.Mus.Hist.Nat.Marseille39: 33-39. +RúVXFX+7RNDo$'XUDO% 7RVXQR÷OX=8ODú$ g]HNLQFL8hQDO 9']EDVWÕODU2 $N\RO26WXGLHVRQWKHHIIHFWVRIFRDVWDO WUDZOQHWVRQ\RXQJILVKSRSXODWLRQVDQGWKHOLWWRUDO]RQH. <'$%d$*- 297 )LQDO5HSRUW S. .XR - DQG GHQ +DUWRJ & 6HDJUDVV PRUSKRORJ\ DQDWRP\ DQG ultrastructure ,Q /DUNXP $:' 2UWK 5- 'XDUWH &0 (GV 6HDJUDVVHV %LRORJ\ HFRORJ\ DQG FRQVHUYDWLRQ. 6SULQJHU 3XEO 1HWKHUODQGV SS 51-87. /HRQL 9 3DVTXDOLQL 9 3HUJHQW-0DUWLQL & 9HOD $ 3HUJHQW * 0RUSKRORJLFDO UHVSRQVHV RI Posidonia oceanica WR H[SHULPHQWDO QXWULHQW HQULFKPHQW RI WKH FDQRS\ ZDWHU Journal of Exp.Marine Biol. and Ecol., 339:1- 0HLQHV] $ &D\H * /RTXHV ) 0ROHQDDU + *URZWK DQG GHYHORSPHQWLQFXOWXUHRIRUWKRWURSLFUKL]RPHVRIPosidonia oceanica. Aquatic Botany-377. 0D]]HOOD /Ott $- Seasonal changes in some features of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile Leaves and epiphytes at different depths. ,QWHUQDWLRQDO :RUNVKRS RQ Posidonia %HGV (GLW *,6 Posidonie SXEO)U 1: 119-125. 0ROLQLHU53LFDUW-5HFKHUFKHUVXUOHVKHUELHUVGHSKDQHURJDPHV PDULQHVGOLWWRUDOPHGLWHUUDQHHQIUDQoDLVAnn.Inst.oceanogr.3DULV - 3DQD\RWLGLV3*LUDXG*Sur un F\FOHGHUHQRXYHOOHPHQWdes IHXilles de Posidonia oceanica / 'HOLOH GDQV OH *ROIH GH 0DUVHLOOH Vie et Milieu - 3HUJHQW * 3HUJHQW-0DUWLQL & 1983- )ORUDLVRQ GH Posidonia oceanica / 'HOLOHGDQVOH*ROIHG¶ø]PLU 7XUTXLH (h)DFRI6FL6HULHV% - 3HUJHQW * )ORUDLVRQ GHV KHUbiers a Posidonia oceanica dans la region G¶ø]PLU 7XUTXLH Posidonia 1HZVOHWWHU 1: 15-21. 3HUJHQW * 3HUJHQW-0DUWLQL & 3KpQRORJLH GH Posidonia oceanica /LQQDHXV 'HOLOH GDQV OH EDVVLQ PpGLWHUUDQpHQ Ann. Inst. océanogr. )U - 3HUJHQW * %RXGRXUHVTXH &) &URX]HW $ 0HLQHV] $ Cyclic FKDQJes along Posidonia oceanica UKL]RPHV /HSLGRFKURQRORJ\ Present VWDWH DQG SHUVSHFWLYHV. P.S.Z.N.I.Marine Ecology 221-

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References

%RXGRXUHVTXH&)%HUQDUG*%RQKRPPH3&KDUERQQHO('LYLDFFR* 0HLQHV] $ 3HUJHQW * 3HUJHQW-0DUWLQL & 5XLWWRQ 6 7XQHVL / 3UpVHUYDWLRQ HW FRQVHUYDWLRQ GHV KHUELHUV j Posidonia oceanica. 5DPRJHSXEOSS &LULN ù $NoDOÕ % g]DOS % 'HWHUPLQDWLRQ RI Posidonia oceanica ERUGHUV DW 'DUGDQHOOH 6WUDLW DQG 0DUPDUD 6HD E\ XVLQJ PDUNLQJ PHWKRG (8 Journal.of Fisheries & Aquatic Sci. - &RPSWRQ50DQXDORIILHOG*HRORJ\SS &RVWDQWLQR*0DVWURWRWDUR)7XUVL$7RUFKLD*3LWLWWR)6DOHUQR* /HPER * 6LRQ / '¶2QJKLD * &DUOXFFL 5 0DLRUDQR 3 'LVWULEXWLRQ DQG ELR-HFRORJLFDO IHDWXUHV RI Posidonia oceanica PHDGRZVDORQJWKHFRDVWVRIWKHVRXWKHUQ$GULDWLFDQGQRUWKHUQ,RQLDQ Seas. &KHPLVWU\DQG(FRORJ\9RO6XSSO- dHOHEL % *XFX $& 2N 0 6DNLQDQ 6 $NRJOX ( +\GURJUDSKLF LQGLFDWLRQV WR XQGHUVWDQG WKH DEVHQFH RI Posidonia oceanica LQ WKH /HYDQWVHD (DVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQ Biologia Marina Mediterranea -38. 'HQ+DUWRJ&The Seagrasses of the World1RUWK+ROODQG3XEOLVKLQJ &RPSDQ\$PVWHUGDPSSSODWHV 'LD]-$OPHOD ( 'XDUWH &0 0DQDJHPHQW RI 1DWXUD KDELWDWV Posidonia EHGV Posidonion oceanicae (XURSHDQ&RPPLVVLRQSS KWWSHFHXURSDHXHQYLURQPHQWQDWXUHQDWXUDPDQDJHPHQWKDELWDW VSGIB3RVLGRQLDBEHGVSGI 'XUDO% 7D[RQRP\(FRORJ\DQG'LVWULEXWLRQRI$OJDHIURPdHúPHWR (VNL )RoD 3K ' 7KHVLV (h 6FLInst. BiRO 'HSW %RUQRYD-ø]PLU S. 'XUDO B &KDQJHVUHODWLQJWRGHSWKRIYHJHWDWLRQRIPosidonia oceanica RII$NNXP %HDFK 6Õ÷DFÕN%D\ (8,QYHVWLJDWLRQ)XQG1 (8)DF6FL%LR'HS%RUQRYD,]PLUS. 'XUDO % 7KH 'HWHUPLQDWLRQ RI WKH 6WRFN 6L]H (SLSK\WLF)ORUD 9HJHWDWLRQDQG9HUWLFDO'LVWULEXWLRQDVZHOODVWKH/RZHU/LPLWVRIWKH 6HDJUDVVHVXVLQJUHPRWHO\FRQWUROOHG8QGHUZDWHU&DPHUDLQ ,]PLU Bay. 3DUW,,7%$*-QR3URMHFW5HSRUWS. 'XUDO % $\VHO 9 5ROH RI %HQWKLF $OJDH DQG WKH 6HDJUDVV LQ WKH %LRGLYHUVLW\ RI WKH 7XUNLVK $HJHDQ DQG 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ Acta Pharmaceutica Sciencia. : 85-115. 'XUDO % $\VHO 9 'HPLU 1

7UDZO 1HWV RQ seagrass Posidonia oceanica WRDZDUP-ZDWHU HSLVRGH LQ WKH 1RUWK :HVWHUQ0HGiterranean Sea. C. R. Biologies 328: 291– 0HLQHV]$ /DXUHQW 5 &DUWRJUDSKLH et état de la limite LQIHrieure GHO¶ KHUELHU de Posidonia oceanica GDQVOHV$OSHV-PDULWLPHV )UDQFH Bot.Marina 21: 513- 0HLQHV] $ &XYHOLHU 0 /DXUHQW 5 0pWKRGHVUpFHQWHVGHFDUWRJUDSKLH HW GH VXUYHLOODQFH GHV KHUELHUV GH SKDQpURJDPHV PDULQHV 9LH 0LOLHX 31- 0HLQHV]$6LPRQLDQ0&DUWHVGHODYpJpWDWLRQVRXVPDULQHGHV$OSHV 0DULWLPHV F{WHVIUDQoDLVHVGHOD0pGLWHUUDQpH ,,/DYpJpWDWLRQPL[WH j &\PRGRFHD QRGRVD =RVWHUD QROWLL &DXOHUSD SUROLIHUD et la limite VXSpULHXUH GH O KHUELHU GH Posidonia oceanica entre Juan-les-Pins et *ROIH-XDQ$QQOV,QVWRFpDQRJU 59 21-35. 0HLQHV] $ &LULN 6 $NFDOÕ % -DYHO ) 0LJOLDFFLR 0 7KLEDRXW 7 <NVHN$3URFDFFLQL*Posidonia oceanica LQWKH0DUPDUD Sea. Aquatic Botany-22. 3D]Õ ø g]WUN & 'HQL] VX\X IL]LNVHO |]HOOLNOHULQLQ |OoOPHVL YH GH÷HUOHQGLULOPHVL8OXVDO6X*QOeri -(NLPø]PLU 3KLOOLSV&50HQH](*Seagrasses:DVKLQJWRQ'&S <NVHN$DQG2NXú(,QYHVWLJDWLRQVRQ0DJQROLRSK\WDDWWKH6RXWK 0DUPDUD*URXS,VODQGVJ. Black Sea/ Mediterranean Environ. - 111.

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Abstract

,Q WKH 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ %DVLQ WKH ULFKHVW EHQWKLF FRDVWDO HFRV\VWHPDQG WKH PRVW ZLGHVSUHDG LV WKH VHDJUDVV EHG RI WKH 0DJQROLRSK\WD Posidonia oceanica. 7KLVHQGHPLFVSHFLHVIRUPYHU\GHQVHEHGVEHWZHHQDQGPGHHS P. oceanica JURZWK iVYHU\VORZ FP\-1 DQGLWVUHSURGXFWLRQE\VHHGVLVYHU\ rare. Posidonia oceanica EHGV DUH YHU\ VHQVLWLYH WR GLVWXUEDQFHV FDXVHG E\ KXPDQ DFWLYLW\ e.g. FRDVWDO GHYHORSPHQW SROOXWLRQ WXUELGLW\ DQFKRULQJ DQG WKHLUORVVKDVEHHQREVHUYHGLQDQXPEHURIUHJLRQV 7KHDLPRIWKLVVWXG\LVWREHWWHUNQRZWKHGLVWULEXWLRQRIP. oceanica in WKH 'DUGDQHOOH VWUDLWV DQG WKH 6HD RI 0DUPDUD ,Q WKLV UHVHDUFKWKHQHZ GLVWULEXWLRQ ]RQHV RI Posidonia oceanica KDV EHHQ GHWHUPLQHG DURXQG 'DUGDQHOOH6WUDLW 'DUGDQRV DQG6HDRI0DUPDUD ,VODQGRI3DVDOLPDQL E\ XVLQJPDUNLQJPHWKRG,QWKHVH]RQHVWKHFRQFUHWHEORFNVKDYHEHHQSXWZLWK JHWWLQJ WKH FRRUGLQDWHV E\ *36 *OREDO 3RVLWLRQLQJ 6\VWHP DW WKH GHHSHVW ERUGHURIP. oceanica PHDGRZV7KHWHPSHUDWXUHFDSWXUHHTXLSPHQWZDVVHWWOHG RQHRIWKHFRQFUHWHEORFNVIRUJHWWLQJFRQWLQXRXVPHDVXUHPHQWV 7KH GHYHORSPHQW SURFHVV RI P. oceanica committed to time and WHPSHUDWXUH YDULDWLRQV FRXOG EH PRQLWRU OLNH WKH RWKHU :HVWHUQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ &RXQWULHVE\WKHKHOSRIWKHVHWZRUHIHUHQFHVWDWLRQV

Introduction

Posidonia oceanica LV WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW VHDJUDVV VSHFLHV in WKH 0HGLWHUUDQHDQSea7KLVVSHFLHVH[LVWVEHWZHHQC – 29&WHPSHUDWXUHVVDOW\ DQGFOHDQZDWHUVDW-PGHSWKV6HDJUDVVHVSURYLGHR[\JHQE\SKRWRV\QWKHVLV FDSWXUHWKHSDUWLFOHVDQGVHGLPHQWVIRUUHJXODWLQJWKHVHDIORRUE\ORQJOHDYHV 7KHGHDGOHDYHVRIP. oceanica FUHDWHEDQTXHWVDWWKHVKRUHOLQHE\FXUUHQWVDQG ZDYHV7KHVHVWUXFWXUHVFRQVHUYHWKHVKRUHOLQHDQGSURKLELWWKHHURVLRQEHVLGHVD ORWRIPDULQHVSHFLHVOLYHE\WKHKHOSRIWKHVHVWUXFWXUHV6HDJUDVVHVVKHOWHUDORW RI HSLELRQW VSHFLHV %RXGRXUHVTXH DQG 0HLQHV] &LULN DQG &LULN 1999 7KH VHDZHHGV DQG LQYHUWHEUDWHV OLYH RQ WKH OHDYHV DQG UKL]RPHV RI Posidonia oceanica6RPHILVKes and sea XUFKLQs IHGRQWKHVHRUJDQLVPV Posidonia PHDGRZV ZHOO GHYHORSHd LQ VKDOORZ HQFORVHG ED\V DQG WKHLU OHDYHV UHDFKWRVXUIDFH )LJXUH

)LJXUH Posidonia oceanica PHDGRZV LQ$\YDOLN $HJHDQFRDVWRI7XUNH\

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)LJXUH a,b. 'HDGPosidonia oceanica OHDYHVEDQTXHWVin $\YDOik Cunda.

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)LJXUH 7KH³tennis ball” structures made by Posidonia oceanica in EHDFKHV.

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Material and Methods

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Results

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References

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Abstract

7KH0HG3RVLGRQLDSURJUDPPHDLPVWRREWDLQDGGLWLRQDOLQIRUPDWLRQRQ WKHSUHVHQFHDQGHYROXWLRQRI3RVLGRQLDPHDGRZV Posidonia oceanica LQIRXU 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ FRXQWULHV $OJHULD /LE\D 7XQLVLD DQG 7XUNH\ $FWLRQV LQ 7XUNH\ ZHUH SHUIRUPHG LQ WZR VLWHV *|NoHDGD ,VODQG DQG 0HUVLQ7KH FDUWRJUDSK\RIWKHVKDOORZZDWHUKDELWDWV WR-P KDVEHHQFDUULHGRXWE\ UHPRWHVHQVLQJLQHDFKVLWH7KHORZHUOLPLWZDVORFDWHGDORQJPRUHWKDQDRQH- NLORPHWHU GLVWDQFH E\ 6&8%$ GLYLQJ DQG *36 SRVLWLRQLQJ $ VWDQGDUGL]HG monitRULQJV\VWHPZDVVHWXSDORQJWKLVORZHUOLPLWRIWKHPosidonia PHDGRZ 7ZR VKRRWV DUH FROOHFWHG DW WKH EDFN RI HDFK PDUNHU DQG D VHGLPHQW FRUH LV H[WUDFWHG FHQWUDOO\ 3KHQRORJ\ DQG OHSLGRFKURQRORJ\ DUH PHDVXUHG LQ WKH ODERUDWRU\DVZHOODVJUDLQVL]HDQG RUJDQLFPDWWHUFRQWHQWRIWKHVHGLPHQW All WKHVHSDUDPHWHUVZHUHLQWHJUDWHGLQVWDQGDUGL]HGJULGWRDVVHVVWKHYLWDOLW\RIWKH PHDGRZ

Introduction

6HDJUDVV PHDGRZV DUH FRQVLGHUHG DPRQJ WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQW PDULQH HFRV\VWHPVIRUELRGLYHUVLW\HFRORJLFDO DQGHFRQRPLFUHDVRQV 3KLOOLSVDQG0F 5R\; &RVWDQ]Det al 'XDUWH Posidonia oceanica an endemic 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ VSHFLHV JURZV LQ H[WHQVLYH EHGV FRYHULQJ DURXQG RI WKH VHDEHG EHWZHHQ DQG P GHSWK 3DVTXDOLQL et al 7KLV seagrass is considered as an HQJLQHHUVSHFLHVDQGSOD\VDPDMRUUROHLQFRDVWDOHTXLOLEULXP %RXGRXUHVTXHet al . ,QRUGHUWRDYRLGORVVDQGGHJUDGDWLRQRIWKHVHDJUDVVPHDGRZVDQG RWKHU LPSRUWDQW YHJHWDO DVVHPEODJHV DQ ³$FWLRQ 3ODQ IRU WKH FRQVHUYDWLRQ RI PDULQH YHJHWDWLRQ LQ WKH 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ 6HD´ KDV EHHQ DGRSWHG E\WKH &RQWUDFWLQJ 3DUWLHV WR WKH %DUFHORQD &RQYHQWLRQ LQ 81(3-0$3- 5$&63$ ,I PDSSLQJ WKH GLVWULEXWLRQ RI D VHDJUDVV PHDGRZ DQG FRPSDULQJLWZLWKSUHYLRXVPDSVVHHPVWRSURYLGHDUHOLDEOHEDVLVIRULQIHUULQJ

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Material and methods

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Table 1(YDOXDWLRQRIWKHGHSWKRIWKHORZHUOLPLW +LJK Good 0RGHUDWH Poor Bad 'HSWK P ! WR WR WR

Table 2. (YDOXDWLRQ RIWKHW\SHRIWKHORZHUOLPLW 7\SHRIOLPLW 'HVFULSWLRQ 3URJUHVVLYH 35 3ODJLRWURSLFUKL]RPHLQIURQWRIWKHOLPLW +LJK 6KDUS+LJK&RYHU +& 6KDUSOLPLWZLWKPHDGRZFRYHU! Good 6KDUS+LJK/RZ /& 6KDUSOLPLWZLWKPHDGRZFRYHU 0RGHUDWH 6SDUVH 63 6KRRWGHQVLW\ VKRRWVP-2 DQGFRYHU Poor 5HJUHVVLYH 5( 'HDGPDWWHLQIURQWRIWKHOLPLW Bad

Table 3. (YDOXDWLRQRIWKHGHQVLW\RIWKHPHDGRZDFFRUGLQJWRWKHGHSWK VLPSOLILHG 'HSWK P +LJK Good 0RGHUDWH Poor Bad 1 ! 1133 1133 to to 727 727 to 3 ! to to to 5 ! 892 892 to to to 7 ! 792 792 to to to 9 ! to to 391 391 to 235 235 11 ! to to 338 338 to 195 195 13 ! to to 292 292 to ! 522 522 to 397 397 to 272 272 to 15 ! to 372 372 to 253 253 to ! to to to 122 122 17 ! to 328 328 to 219 219 to 111 111 19 ! 387 387 to 289 289 to to 92 92 21 ! to 255 255 to to 23 ! to to to 25 ! 271 271 to 198 198 to 125 125 to 52 52 27 ! to 175 175 to to 29 ! 213 213 to to 95 95 to 31 ! 189 189 to to 83 83 to 33 ! to to 72 72 to 35 ! to to to 37 ! 133 133 to to 55 55 to 17 17 39 ! 118 118 to 83 83 to to ! 111 111 to 78 78 to to 13 13

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Table 6(YDOXDWLRQRIRUJDQLFPDWWHULQWKHVHGLPHQW LQSHUFHQWDJHIUDFWLRQ PP +LJK Good 0RGHUDWH Poor Bad 5HIHUHQFHGHSWK -P 2.5 to 3.5 3WR WR

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Results

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Discussion

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References

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Introduction

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References

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2FFKLSLQWL $PEURJL $ 2VVHUYD]LRQL VXO SRSRODPHQWR D %ULR]RL LQ SUDWHULHGLPosidonia oceanica GHOOLWRUDOHSXJOLHVHBoll. Mus. Ist. Biol. Univ. *HQRYD, VXSSO- 3DUGL * 3LD]]L / %DODWD ' 3DSL , &LQHOOL ) DQG %HQHGHWWL-&HFFKL / 6SDWLDO YDULDELOLW\ LQ HSLSK\WLF DVVHPEODJHV RI Posidonia oceanica / 'HOLOHDURXQGWKHPDLQODQGDQGWKHLVODQGVRI6LFLO\Mar. Ecol- 3HUJHQW*0HQGH]63HUJHQW-0DUWLQL&3DVTXDOLQL93UHOLPLQDU\ GDWD RQ WKH LPSDFW RI ILVK IDUPLQJ IDFLOLWLHV RQ Posidonia oceanica PHDGRZVLQWKH0HGLWHUUDQHDQ Oceanol. Acta- 3LD]]L / %DODWD ' &LQHOOL ) %HQHGHWWL-&HFFKL / 3DWWHUQV RI VSDWLDO YDULDELOLW\ LQ HSLSK\WHV RI Posidonia oceanica 'LIIHUHQFHV EHWZHHQ D GLVWXUEHGDQGWZRUHIHUHQFHVORFDWLRQV Aqua. Bot– 3UDGR 3 7RPDV ) $OFRYHUUR 7 DQG 5RPHUR - D ([WHQVLYH GLUHFW PHDVXUHPHQWV RI Posidonia oceanica GHIROLDWLRQ FRQILUP WKH imSRUWDQFH RI KHUELYRU\ LQ WHPSHUDWH VHDJUDVV PHDGRZV Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser-71. 3UDGR3$OFRYHUUR70DUWLQH]-&UHJR%9HUJHV$3HUH]05RPHUR- E 0DFURJUD]HUV VWURQJO\ LQIOXHQFH SDWWHUQV RI HSLSK\WLF assemblages in seagrass meDGRZVJ. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol - 3UDGR 3 $OFRYHUUR 7 5RPHUR - 6HDVRQDO UHVSRQVH RI Posidonia oceanica HSLSK\WH DVVHPEODJHV WR QXWULHQW LQFUHDVH Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. –98. 5XL] -0 3pUH] 0 5RPHUR - (IIHFWV RI ILVK IDUP ORDGLQJV RQ VHDJUDVV Posidonia oceanica GLVWULEXWLRQJURZWKDQGSKRWRV\QWKHVLV Mar. Poll. Bull- 5XL]-03pUH]05RPHUR-7RPDV)7KHLPSRUWDQFHRIKHUELYRU\ LQ WKH GHFOLQH RI D VHDJUDVV Posidonia oceanica PHDGRZ QHDU D ILVK IDUPDQH[SHULPHQWDODSSURDFKBot. Mar- 5XVVHOO%'7UDYLV6(%URQZ\Q0*6HDQ'&1XWULHQWVLQFUHDVH HSLSK\WH ORDGV EURDG-VFDOH REVHUYDWLRQV DQG DQ H[SHULPHQWDO assessment. Mar. Biol-558. THUUDGRV-0HGLQD-3RQV)-(SLSK\WHORDGRQWKHVHDJUDVVPosidonia oceanica / 'HOLOHGRHVQRWLQGLFDWHDQWKURSRJHQLFQXWULHQWORDGLQJLQ &DEUHUD $UFKLSHODJR 1DWLRQDO 3DUN %DOHDULF ,VODQGV :HVWHUQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ Sci. Mar- TomaV ) 7XURQ ; 5RPHUR - (IIHFWV RI KHUELYRUHV RQ D Posidonia oceanica VHDJUDVV PHDGRZ LPSRUWDQFH RI HSLSK\WHV Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser-125. 7UDXWPDQ'$%RURZLW]ND0$'LVWULEXWLRQRIHSLSK\WLFRUJDQLVPVRQ Posidonia australis and P. sinuosa WZR VHDJUDVVHV ZLWK GLIIHUHQW OHDI PRUSKRORJ\Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser–229. 7VLULND $ 6NRXIDV * +DULWRQLGLV 6 6HDVRQDO DQG EDWK\PHWULF YDULDWLRQV RI HSLSK\WLF PDFURIORUD RQ Posidonia oceanica / 'HOLOH OHDYHVLQWKH1DWLRQDO0DULQH3DUNRI=DN\QWKRV *UHHFH Mar. Ecol. -153.

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Epiphytic PDFURDOJDO DVVHPEODJHVRI Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile in Turkey

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Abstract

,QWKLVVWXG\PDFURDOJDODVVHPEODJHVRIPosidonia oceanica IURPWKH 'DUGDQHOOHV 6HD RI0DUPDUD DQGWKH$\YDOÕN $HJHDQFRDVWRI7XUNH\ KDYH been studied. 87 taxa 3KDHRSK\FHDH 5KRGRSK\WD DQG &KORURSK\WD ZHUH UHSRUWHG

Introduction

)LYH PDULQH IDQHURJDPV NQRZQ LQ WKH $HJHDQ FRDVW RI 7XUNH\ are; Halophila stipulacea )RUVVNnO $VFKHUVRQ Cymodocea nodosa 8FULD $VFKHUVRQPosidonia oceanica / 'HOLOHZostera marina L. and Zostera noltei +RPHUPDQQ 7DúNÕQ et al 7KHUH DUH VHYHUDO VWXGLHV WKDW H[DPLQH P. oceanica mHDGRZV VSUHDGLQJ RXW DORQJ WKH FRDVW RI 7XUNH\ 0HLQHV] et al &LULNet al'XUDO.RoDNet al'XUDOet al P. oceanica and C. nodosa DUH YHU\ LPSRUWDQW KRVW SODQWV IRU PDFURDOJDH +RZHYHU WKH VWXGLHV FDUULHG RXW RQ HSLSK\WLF PDFURDOJDO IORUD RI seagrasses DUHYHU\OLPLWHGLQ7XUNH\'XUDOet al studied associated algal FRPPXQLWLHV OLYLQJ RQ PDULQH SKDQHURJDPV RQ WKH %ODFN 6HD FRDVW LQ 6LQRS Turkey 0RUHRYHU HSLSK\WLF green algal DVVHPEODJHV IRXQG RQ P. oceanica FROOHFWHGIURPWKH$HJHDQFRDVWRI7XUNH\ ZHUHVWXGLHGE\$NoRUDet al . 6HYHUDO VWXGLHV LQFOXGLQJ PDFURDOJDO DVVHPEODJHV RI P. oceanica IURP WKH 7XUNH\FRDVWKDYHEHHQconducted E\g]WUN 7DúNÕQDQGg]WUN 7DúNÕQ ,Q WKH RWKHU FRXQWULHV along WKH 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ 6HD HSLSK\tic PDFURDOJDO FRPPXQLWLHV KDYH EHHQ VWXGLHG E\ GLIIHUHQW UHVHDUFKHUV 9DQ GHU %HQ %DWWLDWR et al &LQHOOL et al 0D]]HOOD DQG 2WW Buia et al 0D]]HOOD et al 6RWR 0RUHQR )UDGD - Orestano et al %RXGRXUHVTXH Boudouresque et al 3LD]]L et al -DFTXHPDUW DQG 'HPRXOLQ HSLSK\WLF PDFURDOJDO WD[D ZHUH UHSRUWHG RQ WKH UKL]RPHV RI P. oceanica PHDGRZV LQ WKH ZHVWHUQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HD 3LD]]Let al ,QWKHSUHVHQWSDSHUHSLSK\WLFPDFURDOJDODVVHPEODJHVRIP. oceanica KDYH EHHQ VWXGLHG RQ WKH VDPSOHV FROOHFWHG IURP WKH 'DUGDQHOOHV 6HD RI 0DUPDUD DQG WKH $\YDOÕN $HJHDQ FRDVW RI 7XUNH\ DQG VSHFLHV 3KDHRSK\FHDH5KRGRSK\WDDQG&KORURSK\WD ZHUHIRXnd.

Materials and Methods

6DPSOHVZHUHFROOHFWHGE\VQRUNHOOLQJDQG6&8%$-GLYLQJ IURP WKH 'DUGDQHOOHV 6HDRI0DUPDUD DQGWKH$\YDOÕN $HJHDQFRDVWRI7XUNH\ GXULQJ - 6SHFLPHQV ZHUH SUHVHUYHG LQ EXIIHUHG IRUPDOLQ-VHDZDWHU VROXWLRQ 0DFURDOJDH RQ OHDI DQG UKL]RPH ZHUH VRUWHG DQG LGHQWLILHG WR WKH ORZHVWSRVVLEOHWD[RQRPLFUDQN

Results and Discussion

A WRWDORI 3KDHRSK\FHDH5KRGRSK\WDDQG&KORURSK\WD PDFURDOJDO WD[D IRXQG on P. oceanica ZHUH LGHQWLILHG DW ERWK VSHFLHV DQG inIUDVSHFLHVOHYHO 7DEOH)LJXUH 7KHPRVWFRPPRQJURXSVDUH belonging to 3KDHRSK\FHDH Cladopsiphon VSS Giraudia sphacelarioides, Halothrix lumbricalis and Sauvageaugloia griffithsiana 5KRGRSK\WD Callithamnion corymbosum Falkenbergia rufolanosa Jania rubens Laurencia obtuse DQG &KORURSK\WD Caulerpa racemosa YDU cylindracea and Flabellia petiolata . In WKLVVWXG\WD[DIURP'DUGDQHOOHVDQGWD[DIURP$\YDOÕNZHUHUHFRUGHG. Among HSLSK\WLF PDFURDOJDO DVVHPEODJHV RI P. oceanica WD[D ZHUH IRXQGRQWKHOHDIDQGWD[D ZHUHUHFRUGHGRQWKHUKL]RPHs )LJXUH

Table 1. 6SHFLHVOLVWRIHSLSK\WLFPDFURDOJDODVVHPEODJHVRIP. oceanica. Taxa 6DPSOLQJVWDWLRQ P. oceanica 'DUGDQHOOHV $\YDOÕN /HDI 5KL]RPH Phaeophyceae Asperococcus bullosus J.V. Lamouroux Cladosiphon contortus 7KXUHW Kylin Cladosiphon irregularis 6DXYDJHDX .\OLQ Cladosiphon mediterraneus .W]LQJ Cladosiphon zosterae -$JDUGK Kylin Cutleria multifida 6PLWK *UHYLOOH Dictyopteris polypodioides $3'H &DQGROOH -9/DPRXURX[ Dictyota dichotoma +XGVRQ -9 /DPRXURX[YDUdichotoma Dictyota linearis &$JDUGK *UHYLOOH Eudesme virescens &DUPLFKDHOex %HUNHOH\ -$JDUGK Feldmannia irregularis .W]LQJ * +DPHO Giraudia sphacelarioides 'HUEpVet Solier

Halopteris filicina *UDWHORXS .W]LQJ Halopteris scoparia / 6DXYDJHDX Halothrix lumbricalis .W]LQJ 5HLQNH Hincksia mitchelliae +DUYH\ P.C. 6LOYD Mesogloia leveillei -$JDUGK 0HQHJKLQL Microcoryne ocellata 6WU|PIHOG Myrionema orbiculare -$JDUGK Padina pavonica / 7KLY\ Protectocarpus speciosus %¡UJHVHQ .XFNXFNex Kornmann Punctaria latifolia *UHYLOOH Punctaria plantaginea 5RWK *UHYLOOH Punctaria tenuissima &$JDUGK *UHYLOOH Sauvageaugloia divaricata &OHPHQWH &UHPDGHV Sphacelaria cirrosa 5RWK &$JDUGK Sphacelaria rigidula .W]LQJ Sphacelaria tribuloides 0HQHJKLQL Subtotal 22 Rhodophyta Acrochaetium daviesii 'LOOZ\Q Nägeli Acrochaetium microscopicum 1lJHOLex .W]LQJ 1lJHOL Aglaothamnion tenuissimum %RQQHPDLVRQ )HOGPDQQ-0D]R\HU Anotrichium barbatum &$JDUGK Nägeli Anotrichium tenue &$JDUGK Nägeli Antithamnion tenuissimum +DXFN 6FKLIIQHU Boergeseniella fruticulosa :XOIHQ Kylin Botryocladia boergesenii )HOGPDQQ Botryocladia botryoides :XOIHQ )Hldmann Callithamnion corymbosum 6PLWK Lyngbye Ceramium ciliatum YDUrobustum -$JDUGK )HOGPDQQ-0D]R\HU

Ceramium flaccidum .W]LQJ Ardissone Chylocladia verticillata /LJKWIRRW Bliding Crouania attenuata &$JDUGK -$JDUGK Dasya ocellata *UDWHORXS +DUYH\ Dasya rigidula .W]LQJ $UGLVVRQH Erythrotrichia carnea 'LOOZ\Q -$JDUGK Eupogodon planus &$JDUGK .W]LQJ Falkenbergia rufolanosa +DUYH\ 6FKPLW] 7HWUDVSRURSK\WHRIA. armata +DUYH\ Grateloupia filicina -9 /DPRXURX[ &$JDUGK Halopithys incurva +XGVRQ %DWWHUV Herposiphonia secunda &$JDUGK $PEURQQIsecunda Herposiphonia secunda Itenella &$JDUGK 0-:\QQH Heterosiphonia crispella &$JDUGK 0-:\QQH Hypnea musciformis :XOIHQ -9 Lamouroux Hypoglossum hypoglossoides 6WDFNKRXVH )&ROOLQVet +HUYH\ Jania longifurca =DQDUGLQL Jania rubens / -9/DPRXURX[ Laurencia obtusa +XGVRQ -9 Lamouroux Lomentaria clavellosa 7XUQHU Gaillon Lophosiphonia obscura &$JDUGK )DONHQEHUJ Monosporus pedicellatus 6PLWK Solier Nitophyllum punctatum 6WDFNKRXVH *UHYLOOH Peyssonnelia rubra *UHYLOOH -$JDUGK Peyssonnelia squamaria 6* *PHOLQ 'HFDLVQH Phyllophora crispa +XGVRQ 36 'L[RQ Polysiphonia furcellata &$JDUGK +DUYH\

Polysiphonia opaca &$JDUGK 0RULVet 'H1RWDULV Polysiphonia scopulorum +DUYH\ Pterothamnion plumula -(OOLV Nägeli Rhodophyllis divaricata 6WDFNKRXVH 3DSHQIXVV Stylonema alsidii =DQDUGLQL 'UHZ Wrangelia penicillata &$JDUGK &$JDUGK Subtotal 27 33 5 38 Chlorophyta Acetabularia acetabulum / 3& 6LOYD Anadyomene stellata :XOIHQ &$JDUGK Caulerpa racemosa )RUVVNnO - $JDUGKYDUcylindracea 6RQGHU 9HUODTXH+XLVPDQ Boudouresque Caulerpa racemosa )RUVVNnO - $JDUGKYDUracemosa Chaetomorpha aerea 'LOOZ\Q .W]LQJ Chaetomorpha linum 2)0OOHU .W]LQJ Cladophora dalmatica .W]LQJ Cladophora glomerata / .W]LQJ Cladophora pellucida +XGVRQ .W]LQJ Cladophora prolifera 5RWK .W]LQJ Flabellia petiolata 7XUUD 1L]DPXGGLQ Phaeophila dendroides 3/et +0&URXDQ %DWWHUV Pseudochlorodesmis furcellata =DQDUGLQL %¡UJHVHQ Ulva clathrata 5RWK &$JDUGK Umbraulva olivascens 3 'DQJHDUG %DHet I.K. Lee Valonia macrophysa .W]LQJ Subtotal 9 9 2 15 Total 62 63

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References

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3DVVHUR 6LUDFXVD H VWXGLR GHOOD PDFURIORUD HSLILWD GHOOH IRJOLH Boll. Accad. Gioenia Sci. Nat., - %XLD0&&RUPDFL0)XUQDUL* 0D]]HOOD/1989. Posidonia oceanica RII&DSRSDVVHUR 6LFLO\,WDO\ OHDISKHQRORJ\DQGOHDIDOJDOHSLSK\WLF community. In: 6HFRQG,QWHUQDWLRQDO:RUNVKRSRQ Posidonia oceanica Beds %RXGRXUHVTXH&)0HLQHV]$)UHVL( *UDYH]9HGV GIS Posidonie 3UHVV0DUVHLOOH127- &LQHOOL)&RUPDFL0)XUQDUL* 0D]]HOOD/ (SLSK\WLFPDFURIORUD RI Posidonia oceanica / 'HOLOH OHDYHV DURXQG WKH ,VODQG RI ,VFKLD *XOIRI1DSOHV *LV3RVLGRQLHSXEO0DUVHLOOH 1: 91-99. Cirik 6 0HLQHV] $ $NoDOÕ % -DYHO ) 7KLEDXW T. g]DOS +B. 'istribution and mDSSing oI Posidonia oceanica / 'HOile in tKH 'DUGDQHOOH6WUDit aQG0DUPDUD6HD Rapp. Comm. int. Mer Médit - 'XUDO%3KHQRORJLFDOREVHUYDWLRQVRQPosidonia oceanica / 'HOLOH PHGRZVDORQJWKHFRDVWRI$NNXP 6Õ÷DFÕN%D\$HJHDQ6HD7XUNH\ . J. Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment- 'XUDO%$\VHO9'HPLU1(UGX÷DQ+2NXGDQ(ù.DUDoXKD$

g]WUN 0 7UNL\H QLQ (JH YH $NGHQL] kÕ\ÕODUÕQGDNL &KRUGDULDOHV YH 6SRURFKQDOHV 3KDHRSK\WD \HOHULQLQ\D\ÕOÕPÕYHWDNVRQRPLVL. Turk. J. of Botany37-. 3LD]]L / %DODWD ' &LQHOOL ) (SLSK\WLF PDFURDOJDO DVVHPEODJHV RI Posidonia oceanica UKL]RPHVLQWKH ZHVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQEuropean Journal of Phycology - 6RWR 0RUHQR - 'LVWULEXFLyQ GH HStILWRV DOJDOHV HQ ODV KRMDV Ge una SUDGHUDGHPosidonia oceanica / 'HOLOHHQHOVXUHVWHGHOD3HQtQVXOD Ibérica. Botanica Complutensis 17: 55- 7DúNÕQ ( 7KH 0DULQH EURZQ DOJDH RI WKH HDVW $HJHDQ 6HDDQG 'DUGDQHOOHV ,, (FWRFDUSDFHDH &KRUGDULDFHDH DQG 6F\WRVLSKRQDFHDH. Cryptogamie, Algologie 29: 173- 7DúNÕQ(g]WUN0 7KHPDULQHEURZQDOJDHRIWKHHDVW$HJHDQ6HD DQG 'DUGDQHOOHV , (FWRFDUSDFHDH 3\ODLHOODFHDH &KRUGDULDFHDH (ODFKLVWDFHDHDQG*LUDXGLDFHDH. Cryptogamie, Algologie -. 7DúNÕQ (g]WUN 0.XUW O.g]WUN0 7KHFKHFN-OLVWRIWKHPDULQH IORUDRI7XUNH\(FHP.ÕUWDVL\H0DQLVD7XUNH\SS 9DQGHU%HQ'/HVpSLSK\WHVGHVIHXLOOHVGHPosidonia oceanica 'HOLOH VXU OHV F{WHV IUDQüDLVHV GH OD 0pGLWHUUDQpH Mem. Inst. R. Sci. Nat. Belgique: 1-

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Abstract

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Introduction

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Results and Discussion

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Table 1/LVWRISRO\FKDHWHVSHFLHVRQP. oceanica PHDGRZVIURPWKHFRDVWVRI7XUNH\DQG1RUWKHUQ &\SUXV 7KH ILUVW UHIHUHQFH LQGLFDWLQJ WKH SUHVHQFH RI WKH VSHFLHV RQ P. oceanica LV LQFOXGHG LQGLFDWHVDOLHQVSHFLHV Mediterranean Northern $HJHDQ6HD Sea Cyprus APHRODITIDAE Laetmonice hystrix 6DYLJQ\LQ/DPDUFN +(UJHQ - +dÕQDU Pontogenia chrysocoma %DLUG +(UJHQ - +dÕQDU POLYNOIDAE Harmothoe areolata *UXEH +(UJHQ - Harmothoe impar -RKQVWRQ +dÕQDU (UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU Harmothoe spinifera (KOHUV +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU Lepidonotus clava 0RQWDJX +(UJHQ - +dÕQDU Malmgreniella lilianae 3HWWLERQH - - +dÕQDU Malmgreniella ljungmani 3HWWLERQH - - +dÕQDU Malmgreniella lunulata 'HOOH &KLDMH +'R÷DQet al - - Subadyte pellucida (KOHUV +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU SIGALONIDAE Euthalenessa oculata 3HWHUV - - +dÕQDU Fimbriosthenelais zetlandica 0F,QWRVK - - +dÕQDU Pelogenia arenosa 'HOOH&KLDMH - +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU (UJHQ dÕQDU dÕQDU Sigalion mathildae $XGRXLQ 0LOQH(GZDUGV - + + Sthenelais boa -RKQVWRQ +Ergen et al - - PHOLOIDAE Pholoe inornata -RKQVWRQ +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU CHRYSOPETALIDAE Arichlidon reyssi .DW]PDQQ /DXELHU +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - 5DPRV Chrysopetalum debile *UXEH +(UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU AMPHINOMIDAE Chloeia venusta 4XDWUHIDJHV +'R÷DQet al - - Hermodice nigrolineata %DLUG +Ergen et al +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU *Linopherus canariensis /DQJHUKDQV +dÕQDU +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU EUPHROSYNIDAE dÕQDU Euphrosyne foliosa AudRXLQ 0LOQH(GZDUGV - - + LACYDONIIDAE Lacydonia miranda 0DULRQ %REUHW]N\ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - +dÕQDU Paralacydonia paradoxa )DXYHO +Ergen et al - +dÕQDU PHYLLODOCIDAE dÕQDU (UJHQ dÕQDU Eulalia clavigera $XGRXLQ 0LOQH(GZDUGV + - + Eulalia mustela 3OHLMHO - - +dÕQDU Eulalia tripunctata 0F,QWRVK - - +dÕQDU Eumida sanguinea 2HUVWHG +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU Hesionura coineaui /DXELHU - - +dÕQDU Hesionura elongata 6RXWKHUQ - - +dÕQDU Mysta picta 4XDWUHIDJHV +$\GÕQet al - +dÕQDU Nereiphylla paretti %ODLQYLOOH + (UJHQ - +dÕQDU Nereiphylla pusilla &ODSDUqGH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Nereiphylla rubiginosa 6DLQW--RVHSK - - +dÕQDU Notophyllum foliosum 6DUV - - +dÕQDU Paranaitis kosteirensis 0DOPJUHQ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - +dÕQDU Phyllodoce lineata &ODSDUqGH +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - *Phyllodoce longifrons Ben-(OLDKX - +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - Phyllodoce maculata /LQQDHXV +dÕQDUet al - +dÕQDU Phyllodoce mucosa gUVWHG +dÕQDU (UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU7 - Pseudomystides limbata Saint--RVHSK +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - +dÕQDU Pterocirrus macroceros *UXEH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU HESIONIDAE Gyptis propinqua 0DULRQ %REUHW]N\ - - +dÕQDU

Hesione splendida 6DYLJQ\ - - +dÕQDU Hesiospina aurantiaca 6DUV +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - Oxydromus pallidus Claparède, 1864 .RoDN .DWD÷DQ - - Podarkeopsis galangaui Laubier, 1961 dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - Syllidia armata Quatrefages, 1865 dÕQDU (UJHQ - dÕQDU PILARGIDAE Ancistrosyllis groenlandica 0F,QWRVK +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - Pilargis verrucosa Saint--RVHSK +'R÷DQet al - +dÕQDU Sigambra tentaculata 7UHDGZHOO +'R÷DQet al - - SYLLIDAE Myrianida benazzi &RJQHWWL +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Myrianida brachycephala 0DUHQ]HOOHU +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDUet al Myrianida edwarsi 6DLQW--RVHSK +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDUet al Myrianida langerhansi *LGKROP +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - Myrianida prolifer 2)0OOHU +Ergen et al +(UJHQ dÕQDU - dÕQDU (UJHQ Myrianida quindecimdentatus /DQJHUKDQV + - - Paraprocerastea crocantinae 6DQ0DUWtQ $OyV +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Proceraea aurantiaca &ODSDUqGH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDUet al Proceraea picta (KOHUV +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDUet al Brania arminii /DQJHUKDQV +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDUet al3 Brania pusilla 'XMDUGLQ +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Exogone dispar :HEVWHU +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDUet al Exogone naidina gUVWHG +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Exogone rostrata 1DYLOOH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDUet al Exogone verugera &ODSDUqGH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDUet al Exogone caribensis 6DQ0DUWtQ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ Exogone cognettii &DVWHOOL%DGDODP /DUGLFFL + - - dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ Exogone gambiae /DQHUD6RUGLQR 6DQ0DUWtQ + - - Salvatoria clavata &ODSDUqGH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDUet al Salvatoria euritmica 6DUGD +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDUet al Salvatoria limbata &ODSDUqGH - - +dÕnar et al Salvatoria vieitezi 6DQ0DUWtQ +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDUet al Salvatoria yraidae 6DQ0DUWtQ +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Parapionosyllis brevicirra 'D\ +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Parapionosyllis gestans 3LHUDQWRQL +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Parapionosyllis minuta 3LHUDQWRQL +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Sphaerosyllis austriaca %DQVH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDUet al 0XVFRet al Sphaerosyllis boeroi 0XVFRdÕQDU *LDQJUDQGH - - + Sphaerosyllis cryptica Ben-(OLDKX +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Sphaerosyllis hystrix &ODSDUqGH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDUet al Sphaerosyllis pirifera &ODSDUqGH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDUet al Sphaerosyllis taylori 3HUNLQV +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Sphaerosyllis thomasi 6DQ0DUWtQ +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ dÕQDUet al Prosphaerosyllis xarifae +DUWPDQQ-6FKU|GHU + - + Amblyosyllis formosa &ODSDUqGH - - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Parehlersia ferrugina /DQJHUKDQV +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Eusyllis assimilis 0DUHQ]HOOHU +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Eusyllis blomstrandi 0DOPJUHQ +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - *Eusyllis kupfferi /DQJHUKDQV - - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Eusyllis lamelligera 0DULRQ %REUHW]N\ +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Odontosyllis ctenostoma &ODSDUqGH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ dÕQDU (UJHQ (UJHQ dÕQDU dÕQDU (UJHQ Odontosyllis fulgurans $XGRXLQ 0(GZDUGV + + + Odontosyllis gibba &ODSDUqGH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Opisthodonta longocirrata 6DLQW--RVHSK +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Opisthodonta morena /DQJHUKDQV9 - - +dÕQDU (UJHQ dÕQDU (UJHQ Opisthodonta serratisetosa /ySH]6DQ0DUWtQ -LPHQH] - - + Nudisyllis divaricata .HIHUVWHLQ - +(UJHQ dÕQDU - Nudisyllis pulligera .URKQ +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Synmerosyllis lamelligera 6DLQW--RVHSK +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Brevicirrosyllis weissmanni /DQJHUKDQV - - +dÕQDU (UJHQ

Syllides bansei 3HUNLQV +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Syllides fulvus 0DULRQ %REUHW]N\ +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Branchiosyllis exilis *UDYLHU +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Eurysyllis tuberculata (KOHUV +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Haplosyllis spongicola *UXEH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Plakosyllis brevipes +DUWPDQQ-6FKU|GHU - - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Syllis alternata 0RRUH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Syllis amica 4XDWUHIDJHV +dÕQDU (UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU - Syllis armillaris 2)0OOHU +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Syllis beneliahuae &DPSR\ $OTXp]DU +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Syllis bouvieri sensu 6DQ0DUWtQ +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Syllis columbretensis &DPSR\ +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Syllis compacta *UDYLHU +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Syllis corallicola 9HUULOO +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Syllis cruzi 1~xH] 6DQ0DUWtQ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - Syllis garciai &DPSR\ +dÕQDU (UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU (UJHQ Syllis gerlachi +DUWPDQQ-6FKU|GHU +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Syllis gerundensis $OyV &DPSR\ - - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Syllis gracilis *UXEH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Syllis hyalina *UXEH +dÕQDU (UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU (UJHQ Syllis jorgei 6DQ0DUWtQ /RSH] +dÕQDU (UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU7 +dÕQDU (UJHQ Syllis krohni (KOHUV +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Syllis parapari 6DQ0DUWtQ /RSH] +dÕQDUet al - - Syllis pontxioi 6DQ0DUWtQ /RSH] +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Syllis prolifera .URKQ +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Syllis rosea /DQJHUKDQV +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Syllis torquata 0DULRQ %REUHW]N\ +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Syllis variegata *UXEH +dÕQDU (UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU (UJHQ Syllis vittata *UXEH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Syllis westheidei San 0DUWtQ +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Trypanosyllis aeolis /DQJHUKDQV +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Trypanosyllis coeliaca &ODSDUqGH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Trypanosyllis zebra *UXEH +(UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ Xenosyllis scabra (KOHUV +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU (UJHQ NEREIDIDAE - - - Alitta succinea )UH\ /HXFNDUW +.RoDN .DWD÷DQ - - Composetia costae *UXEH +(UJHQ - +dÕQDU Composetia hircinicola (LVLJ +Ergen et al - +dÕQDU *Ceratonereis mirabilis .LQEHUJ - +dÕQDU +dÕQDU Leonnates aylaoberi dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - Micronereis variegata &ODSDUqGH +Ergen et al - - Neanthes caudata 'HOOH&KLDMH +Ergen et al +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU Neanthes irrorata 0DOPJUHQ +Ergen et al - +dÕQDU Nereis falsa 4XDWUHIDJHV +Ergen et al - Nereis pelagica /LQQHDXV +(UJHQ - +dÕQDU Nereis rava (KOHUV +(UJHQ - +dÕQDU Nereis zonata 0DOPJUHQ +(UJHQ - +dÕQDU Perinereis cultrifera *UXEH +(UJHQ - +dÕQDU Platynereis coccinea 'HOOH&KLDMH - - +dÕQDU (UJHQ (UJHQ dÕQDU dÕQDU Platynereis dumerilii $XGRXLQ 0(GZDUGV + + + *Pseudonereis anomala *UDYLHU - - +dÕQDU Websterinereis glauca &ODSDUqGH - - +dÕQDU GLYCERIDAE Glycera alba 2)0OOHU +dÕQDUet al - - Glycera capitata gUVWHG +Ergen et al - - Glycera lapidum 4XDWUHIDJHV +dÕQDUet al - +dÕQDU Glycera fallax 4XDWUHIDJHV +$\GÕQet al - +dÕQDU Glycera tesselata *UXEH - - +dÕQDU Glycera tridactyla 6FKPDUGD +(UJHQ - - Glycera unicornis 6DYLJQ\LQ/DPDUFN +'R÷DQet al - +dÕQDU

GONIADIDAE Glycinde nordmanni 0DOPJUHQ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - (UJHQ dÕQDU Goniada emerita $XGRXLQ 0LOQH(GZDUGV + - + Goniada maculata gUVWHG +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - +dÕQDU NEPHTYIDAE Inermonepthys inermis (KOHUV - - +dÕQDU Micronephthys stammeri $XJHQHU +.RoDN .DWD÷DQ - +dÕQDU Nephtys caeca )DEULFLXV +Ergen et al - - Nephtys hombergii 6DYLJQ\ +Ergen et al +(UJHQ dÕQDU - Nephtys hystricis 0F,QWRVK +dÕQDUet al - - Nephtys incisa 0DOPJUHQ +$\GÕQet al - - EUNICIDAE *Eunice antennata 6DYLJQ\ - +(UJHQ dÕQDU - dÕQDU (UJHQ Eunice harassii $XGRXLQ 0LOQH(GZDUGV + - - Eunice pennata 2)0OOHU - - +dÕQDU Eunice torquata 4XDWUHIDJHV +(UJHQ - +dÕQDU Eunice vittata 'HOOH&KLDMH +(UJHQ - +dÕQDU Euniphysa italica &DQWRQH *UDYLQD +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - *Lysidice collaris *UXEH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU dÕQDU (UJHQ (UJHQ dÕQDU dÕQDU Lysidice ninetta $XGRXLQ 0LOQH(GZDUGV + + + dÕQDU (UJHQ dÕQDU Marphysa bellii $XGRXLQ 0LOQH(GZDUGV + - + Marphysa fallax 0DULRQ %REUHW]N\ +dÕQDU (UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU Marphysa sanguinea 0RQWDJX +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Nematonereis unicornis *UXEH +dÕQDU (UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU Palola siciliensis *UXEH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU LUMBRINERIDAE Hilbigneris gracilis (KOHUV +'R÷DQet al +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU Lumbricalus adriatica )DXYHO +Kurt et al - - Lumbrinerides amoureuxi 0LXUD - - +dÕQDU Lumbrineriopsis paradoxa 6DLQW--RVHSK +Kurt et al - +dÕQDU Lumbrineris coccinea 5HQLHU +dÕQDU (UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ Lumbrineris geldiayi &DU3DUUDdÕQDU 'D÷OÕ + - - Ergen et al dÕQDU Lumbrineris latreilli $XGRXLQ 0(GZDUGV + - + Lumbrineris nonatoi 5DPRV +Kurt et al - +dÕQDU Scoletoma emandibulata mabiti 5DPRV +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Scoletoma fragilis 2)0XOOHU +(UJHQ - - Scoletoma funchalensis .LQEHUJ +Kurt et al - - Scoletoma impatiens &ODSDUqGH +.RFDWDú - - Scoletoma tetraura 6FKPDUGD +'R÷DQet al - +dÕQDU ONUPHIDAE Aponuphis bilineata %DLUG +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - +dÕQDU Aponuphis brementi )DXYHO +Ergen et al - +dÕQDU Aponuphis fauveli5LRMD +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - Nothria conchylega 06DUV - +(UJHQ dÕQDU - *Onuphis eremita oculata +DUWPDQ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - Paradiopatra bihanica ,QWHV /H/RHXII - - +dÕQDU Paradiopatra quadricuspis 6DUV - - +dÕQDU DORVILLEIDAE Dorvillea rubrovittata *UXEH +dÕQDU (UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU *Dorvillea similis &URVVODQG - +dÕQDU - Pettiboneia urciensis &DPSR\ 6DQ0DUWtQ+dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - +dÕQDU Protodorvillea kefersteini 0F,QWRVK +'R÷DQet al - +dÕQDU Schistomeringos neglecta )DXYHO +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Schistomeringos rudolphii 'HOOH&KLDMH +.RoDN .DWD÷DQ - +dÕQDU OENONIDAE Arabella geniculata &ODSDUqGH - - +dÕQDU Arabella iricolor 0RQWDJX +Ergen et al - +dÕQDU Drilonereis filum &ODSDUqGH +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - +dÕQDU Notocirrus scoticussensu 5DPRV - - +dÕQDU

ORBINIIDAE Naineris laevigata *UXEH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - +dÕQDU Protoaricia oerstedii &ODSDUqGH +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Scoloplos armiger 2)0XOOHU +Emig et al - +dÕQDU Scoloplos chevalieri candiensis +DUPHOLQ - - +dÕQDU SPIONIDAE Aonides oxycephala 6DUV +'R÷DQet al - +dÕQDU Aurospio banyulensis /DXELHU +'D÷OÕet al - - Laonice bahusiensis 6|GHUVWU|P +'D÷OÕet al - - Laonice cirrata 06DUV +'R÷DQet al - +dÕQDU Laubieriellus salzi /DXELHU +'D÷OÕet al - +dÕQDU Microspio mecznikowianus &ODSDUqGH +'D÷OÕet al - - *Paraprionospio coora (KOHUV +'D÷OÕet al - - Polydora coeca gUVWHG +Ergen et al - - *Polydora cornuta %RVF +.RoDN .DWD÷DQ - - Polydora hoplura &ODSDUqGH +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - Prionospio cirrifera :LUHQ +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - *Prionospio depauperata ,PDMLPD +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - Prionospio dubia 'D\ +'R÷DQet al - - Prionospio ehlersi )DXYHO - - +dÕQDU Prionospio fallax 6RGHUVWURP +Ergen et al - - Prionospio maciolekae 'D÷OÕ dÕQDU +'R÷DQet al - - *Prionospio pulchra ,PDMLPD +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - Prionospio steenstrupi 0DOPJUHQ +'D÷OÕet al - +dÕQDU Pseudopolydora antennata &ODSDUqGH +.RoDN .DWD÷DQ - - Pseudopolydora pulchra &DUD]]L +'D÷OÕet al - - Scolelepis bonnieri 0HVQLO +'R÷DQet al - - Scolelepis cantabra 5LRMD +$\GÕQet al - +dÕQDU Scolelepis tridentata 6RXWKHUQ +'D÷OÕet al - - Spio decoratus %REUHW]N\ +.RoDN .DWD÷DQ - +dÕQDU Spio filicornis 2)0XOOHU +dÕQDU (UJHQ - - Spiophanes bombyx &ODSDUqGH +'R÷DQet al - - Spiophanes kroyeri *UXEH +'D÷OÕet al - - PARAONIDAE Aricidea assimilis 7HEEOH +$\GÕQet al - +dÕQDU Aricidea catherinae /DXELHU +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ3 - +dÕQDU Aricidea cerrutii /DXELHU +Emig et al - +dÕQDU Aricidea claudiae /DXELHU +$\GÕQet al - - Aricidea pseudoarticulata +REVRQ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - Cirrophorus branchiatus (KOHUV +'R÷DQet al - - Cirrophorus furcatus +DUWPDQ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - Levinsenia demiri dÕQDU'D÷OÕ $oLN +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - Levinsenia gracilis 7DXEHU +'R÷DQet al - +dÕQDU Levinsenia materi dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - Paradoneis armata *OHPDUHF - - +dÕQDU Paradoneis lyra 6RXWKHUQ +Ergen et al - +dÕQDU CHAETOPTERIDAE Spiochaetopterus costarum &ODSDUqGH +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ - - MAGELONIDAE Magelona alleni :LOVRQ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ Magelona minuta (OLDVRQ +'R÷DQet al Magelona papillicornis 0OOHU +(UJHQ dÕQDU POECILOCHAETIDAE Poecilochaetus serpens $OOHQ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ FLABELLIGERIDAE Brada villosa 5DWKNH +Ergen et al Diplocirrus glaucus 0DOPJUHQ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ Flabelligera affinis 06DUV +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ +(UJHQ dÕQDU Piromis eruca &ODSDUqGH +(UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU 1997 +dÕQDU CIRRATULIDAE

Aphelochaeta filiformis .HIHUVWHLQ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ Caulleriella alata 6RXWKHUQ +Emig et al +dÕQDU Caulleriella bioculata .HIHUVWHLQ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ +dÕQDU dÕQDU (UJHQ *Chaetozone corona %HUNHOH\ %HUNHOH\ + Cirriformia tentaculata 0RQWDJX +dÕQDU Monticellina heterochaeta /DXELHU +$\GÕQet al +dÕQDU Protocirrineris chrysoderma &ODSDUqGH +(UJHQ FAUVELIOPSIDAE dÕQDU Fauveliopsis fauchaldi .DW]PDQQ /DXELHU + ACROCIRRIDAE Acrocirrus frontifilis *UXEH +dÕQDU Macrochaeta clavicornis 06DUV +dÕQDUet al +dÕQDU SCALIBREGMIDAE Asclerocheilus intermedius 6DLQW--RVHSK +dÕQDU Scalibregma celticum 0DFNLH +dÕQDU Scalibregma inflatum 5DWKNH +dÕQDU (UJHQ +dÕQDU Sclerocheilus minutus *UXEH +dÕQDU (UJHQ +dÕQDU COSSURIDAE Cossura soyeri /DXELHU +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ CAPITELLIDAE Capitella capitata )DEULFLXV +.RoDN .DWD÷DQ +dÕQDU Capitomastus minima /DQJHUKDQV +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ Dasybranchus caducus *UXEH +dÕQDU Dasybranchus gajolae (LVLJ +Ergen et al +dÕQDU Heteromastus filiformis &ODSDUqGH +$\GÕQet al Mediomastus capensis 'D\ +dÕQDU Mediomastus cirripes Ben-(OLDKX +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ *Neopseudocapitella brasiliensis 5XOOLHU +dÕQDUet al +dÕQDU $PRXUHX[ *Notomastus aberans 'D\ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ +dÕQDU Notomastus latericeus 06DUV +Emig et al +dÕQDU Notomastus lineatus &ODSDUqGH +dÕQDU *Notomastus mossambicus 7KRPDVVLQ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ Notomastus profundus (LVLJ +Ergen et al Pseudoleiocapitella fauveli +DUPHOLQ +'R÷DQet al +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU MALDANIDAE Chirimia biceps 06DUV +Ergen et al +dÕQDU Euclymene collaris &ODSDUqGH +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU Euclymene lumbricoides 4XDWUHIDJHV +Ergen et al +(UJHQ dÕQDU Euclymene oerstedi &ODSDUqGH +(UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU Euclymene palermitana *UXEH +'R÷DQet al Leiochone leiopygos *UXEH +dÕQDU Leiochone tricirrata %HOODQ 5H\V +dÕQDU Macroclymene santandarensis 5LRMD +'R÷DQet al +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU Maldane sarsi 0DOPJUHQ Nicomache lumbricalis )DEULFLXV +$\GÕQet al +dÕQDU Petaloproctus terricola 4XDWUHIDJHV +Ergen et al +dÕQDU Praxillella praetermissa 0DOPJUHQ +'R÷DQet al +dÕQDU Rhodine loveni 0DOPJUHQ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ +dÕQDU OPHELIIDAE Armandia cirrhosa 3KLOLSSL +'R÷DQet al +dÕQDU Armandia polyophthalma .XNHQWKDO +(UJHQ Ophelia roscoffensis $XJHQHU +dÕQDUet al Ophelina cylindricaudata +DQVHQ +dÕQDU Polyophthalmus pictus 'XMDUGLQ +dÕQDU (UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU Tachytrypane jeffreysii 0F,QWRVK +dÕQDUet al +dÕQDU STERNASPIDAE Sternaspis scutata 5HQLHU +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ OWENIIDAE Galathowenia oculata =DFKV +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ

Owenia fusiformis 'HOOH&KLDMH +.RoDN .DWD÷DQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU SABELLARIIDAE Sabellaria spinulosa /HXFNDUW +Ergen et al Lagis koreni 0DOPJUHQ +Ergen et al Pectinaria auricoma 2)0OOHU +dÕQDU AMPHARETIDAE Amage adspersa *UXEH +dÕQDUet al Ampharete acutifrons *UXEH +'R÷DQet al Amphicteis gunneri 06DUV +Ergen et al +dÕQDU Anobothrus gracilis 0DOPJUHQ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ Melinna palmata *UXEH +Ergen et al +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU Sabellides octocirrata 06DUV +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ TEREBELLIDAE Amaeana trilobata 6DUV +dÕQDU Amphitrite cirrata 2)0OOHU +dÕQDU (UJHQ Amphitrite rubra 5LVVR +Ergen et al +dÕQDU Amphitrite variabilis 5LVVR +dÕQDU Axionice maculata 'DO\HOO +dÕQDU Eupolymnia nebulosa 0RQWDJX +dÕQDU (UJHQ +dÕQDU Eupolymnia nesidensis 'HOOH&KLDMH +dÕQDU Lanice conchilega 3DOODV +(UJHQ +dÕQDU Lysilla loveni 0DOPJUHQ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ Neoamphitrite edwardsi 4XDWUHIDJHV +Ergen et al +dÕQDU Nicolea venustula 0RQWDJX +dÕQDU (UJHQ +dÕQDU Parathelepus collaris 6RXWKHUQ +dÕQDU Pista cretacea *UXEH +(UJHQ Pista cristata 2)0OOHU +dÕQDU (UJHQ +dÕQDU *Pista unibranchia 'D\ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ +(UJHQ dÕQDU Polycirrus aurantiacus *UXEH +dÕQDU (UJHQ +dÕQDU Polycirrus haematodes &ODSDUqGH +dÕQDU (UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU Terebella lapidaria /LQQDHXV +Ergen et al Thelepus cincinnatus )DEULFLXV +dÕQDU (UJHQ TRICHOBRANCHIDAE Octobranchus lingulatus *UXEH +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ Terebellides stroemi 06DUV +'R÷DQet al Trichobranchus glacialis 0DOPJUHQ +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ +dÕQDU SABELLIDAE Amphicorina armandi &ODSDUqGH +'R÷DQet al +dÕQDU Amphiglena mediterranea /H\GLJ +dÕQDU (UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU Bispira mariae /R%LDQFR +dÕQDU (UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU *Branchiomma bairdi 0F,QWRVK +dÕQDU Branchiomma bombyx 'DO\HOO +dÕQDU (UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU Branchiomma lucullanum GHOOH&KLDMH +dÕQDU *Branchiomma luctuosum *UXEH +dÕQDU Branchiomma moebii .QLJKW--RQHV +dÕQDU Chone collaris /DQJHUKDQV +dÕQDU (UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU Chone duneri 0DOPJUHQ +dÕQDU (UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ Chone dunerificta 7RYDU-+HUQiQGH]/LFF Giang. + Chone filicaudata 6RXWKHUQ +dÕQDU (UJHQ +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ Chone gambiae 7RYDU-+HUQiQGH] /LF *LDQJUDQGH + Demonex langerhansi /DQJHUKDQV +dÕQDU Demonax tenuicollaris *UXEH +dÕQDU (UJHQ dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ Euchone pseudolimnicola *LDQJUDQGH /LFFL + Euchone rosea /DQJHUKDQV +$\GÕQet al +dÕQDU Euchone rubrocincta 6DUV +dÕQDU Euchone southerni %DQVH +dÕQDU Fabricia stellaris adriatica %DQVH +dÕQDU 'D÷OÕ Jasmineira elegans Saint--RVHSK +dÕQDU Megalomma vesiculosum 0RQWDJX +dÕQDU (UJHQ1999 +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU

Pseudopotamilla reniformis 0OOHU +dÕQDU (UJHQ +dÕQDU Pseudofabricia aberrans &DQWRQH +dÕQDU Sabella pavonina 6DYLJQ\ +dÕQDU (UJHQ +dÕQDU Sabella spallanzanii 9LYLDQL +dÕQDU (UJHQ SERPULIDAE Hydroides helmatus ,URVR +dÕQDU (UJHQ +dÕQDU Hydroides niger =LEURZLXV +dÕQDU (UJHQ +dÕQDU Ergen et al Hydroides pseudouncinatus pseudouncinatus =LEURZLXV + Ergen et al Josephella marenzelleri &DXOOHU\ 0HVQLO + dÕQDU Placostegus chrystallinus sensu =LEURZLXV + Protula tubularia 0RQWDJX +Ergen et al Salmacina dysteri +X[OH\ +Ergen et al Serpula concharum /DQJHUKDQV +dÕQDU (UJHQ +dÕQDU Serpula vermicularis /LQQDHXV +(UJHQ +dÕQDU Spirobranchus lamarckii 4XDWUHIDJHV +dÕQDU (UJHQ Spirobranchus polytrema 3KLOLSSL +dÕQDU (UJHQ +dÕQDU Spirobranchus triqueter /LQQDHXV +dÕQDU (UJHQ +dÕQDU Vermiliopsis infundibulum *PHOLQ +dÕQDU (UJHQ +dÕQDU Vermiliopsis labiata *2&RVWD +dÕQDU (UJHQ +dÕQDU Vermiliopsis striaticeps *UXEH +dÕQDU (UJHQ +dÕQDU Janua pagenstecheri 4XDWUHIDJHV +dÕQDU (UJHQ +dÕQDU *Janua steueri 6WHU]LQJHU +dÕQDU Neodexiospira pseudocorrugata %XVK +dÕQDU (UJHQ +dÕQDU Pileolaria militaris &ODSDUqGH +.QLJKW-Jones et al +(UJHQ dÕQDU +dÕQDU dÕQDU (UJHQ Simplaria pseudomilitaris 7KLULRW-4XLHY +

Dominant species

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multibranchiata RI WKH VSLRQLG VSHFLPHQV DQG Aurospio banyulensis 7KH PRVW GRPLQDQW QHUHLGLG VSHFLHV ZHUH IRXQG Wo be Platynereis dumerilii RIWRWDOQXPEHURIQHUHLGLGVSHFLPHQV DQGNereis zonata Ergen et al., 1988; dÕQDU and (UJHQ 7KH PD[LPXP GHQVLW\ RI P. dumerilii ZDVHVWLPDWHGDVLQGP-2 DQGWKDWRIN. zonata DVLQGP-2. Protodorvillea kefersteini Aricidea cerrutii DQG Paradoneis ilvana ZHUHDOVRUHSRUWHGWREHGRPLQDQWVSHFLHVLQWKHPHDGRZ &RYD]]L +DUULDJXH et al Belgacem et al. IRXQG WKDW GRPLQDQW YDJLOH VSHFLHV FKDQJH DFFRUGLQJ WR VHDVRQV i.e. Amphicorina armandi and Syllis gracilis ZHUH GRPLQDQW LQ VSULQJ Pontogenia chrysocoma Lepidonotus clava and Goniada emerita in autumn.

Community parameters

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Number of polychaete species found on Posidonia oceanica

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Borers on Posidonia oceanica

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References

$OyV&$QpOLGRVSROLTXHWRVGHO&DERGH&UHXV,,+RMDVGHPosidonia oceanica. P. Dept. Zool. Barcelona- $\GÕQggQHQ0'R÷DQ$'D÷OÕ(6H]JLQ0.DWD÷DQ7g]WUN% .ÕUNÕP ) 8UOD /LPDQÕ YH FLYDUÕ ø]PLU .|UIH]L (JH 'HQL]L RPXUJDVÕ]EHQWLNIDXQDVÕEge Üniv. Su Ürün. Der : 71-81. %HOJDFHP : /DQJDU + %HQ +DVVLQH 2. 'HSWK DQG WHPSRUDO GLVWULEXWLRQRIYDJLOHIDXQDDVVRFLDWHGZLWKPosidonia oceanica PHDGRZV LQ&DS=HELEQRUWK-eastern Tunisian coastline. Afr. J. Ecol- %LDQFKL C.N%HGXOOL '0RUUL C.2FFKLSLQWL$PEURJL A. /¶KHUELHU GH 3RVLGRQLHV HFRV\VWqPH RX FDUUHIRXU pFRpWKRORJLTXH" ,Q %RXGRXUHVTXH&)0HLQHV]$)UHVL(*UDYH]9 HGV International :RUNVKRSPosidonia oceanica Beds*,63RVLGRQLH0DUVHLOOHSS- 272. %RUJ -$ 5RZGHQ $$ $WWULOO 0- 6FKHPEUL 3- -RQHV 0% :DQWHG GHDG RU DOLYH KLJK GLYHUVLW\ RI PDFURLQYHUWHEUDWHV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWKOLYLQJDQG³GHDG´Posidonia oceanica matte. Mar. Biol- BoudoXUHVTXH&)%HUQDUG*%RQKRPPH3&KDUERQQHO('LYLDFFR* 0HLQHV] $ 3HUJHQW * 3HUJHQW-0DUWLQL & 5XLWWRQ 6 7XQHVL / 3URWHFWLRQ DQG FRQVHUYDWLRQ RI Posidonia oceanica PHDGRZV 5$02*(DQG5$&63$SXEOLVKHU7XQLV- &HOHEL % *XFX $& 2N 0 6HUGDU 6 $NRJOX ( 6XUYLYDO RI WKH Posidonia oceanica WUDQVSODQWHGLQWRWKHQRUWKHDVWHUQ/HYDQW6HDRapp. Comm. Int. Mer. Médit., &RORJQROD5*DPEL0&&KHVVD/$3RO\FKDHWHVRIWKHPosidonia oceanica / 'HOLOH IROLDU VWUDWXP FRPSDUDWLYH REVHUYDWLRQV ,Q

%RXGRXUHVTXH &) -HXG\ GH *ULVVDF $ 2OLYLHU - (GV ,QWHUQDWLRQDO :RUNVKRSRQPosidonia oceanica %HGV*,63RVLGRQLH3XEO)U- &RYD]]L +DUULDJXH $ %LDQFKL &1 $OEHUWHOOL * 6RIW-bottom PDFUREHQWKLF FRPPXQLW\ FRPSRVLWLRQ DQG ELRPDVV LQ D Posidonia oceanica PHDGRZ LQ WKH /LJXULDQ 6HD 1: 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci.-258. dÕQDU 0( D (FRORJ\ RI 6\OOLGDH $QQHOLGD 3RO\FKDHWD IURP QRUWKHUQ CySUXV HDVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HD Bull. Mar. Sci-811. dÕQDU0(E(FRORJLFDOIHDWXUHVRI6\OOLGDH 3RO\FKDHWD IURPVKDOORZ- ZDWHUEHQWKLFHQYLURQPHQWVRIWKH$HJHDQ6HDHDVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQJ. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K- dÕQDU 0( 3RO\FKDHWHV IURP WKH FRDVW RI QRUWKHUQ &\SUXV HDVWHUQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HD ZLWKWZRQHZUHFRUGVIRUWKH0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HD Cah. Biol. Mar- dÕQDU 0( $OLHQ SRO\FKDHWH VSHFLHV $QQHOLGD 3RO\FKDHWD RQ WKH VRXWKHUQFRDVWRI 7XUNH\ /HYDQWLQH6HDHDVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQ ZLWK QHZUHFRUGVIRUWKH0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HDJ. Nat. Hist-2328. dÕQDU 0( 'D÷OÕ ( 1HZ UHFRUGV RI DOLHQ SRO\FKDHWH VSHFLHV IRU WKH FRDVWVRI7XUNH\Med. Mar. Sci- dÕQDU 0( 'D÷OÕ ( 3RO\FKDHWHV $QQHOLGD 3RO\FKDHWD IURP WKH $HJHDQ DQG /HYDQWLQH FRDVWV RI 7XUNH\ ZLWK GHVFULSWLRQV RI WZR QHZ VSHFLHVJ. Nat. Hist- dÕQDU 0( (UJHQ = 1999. $ SUHOLPLQDU\ VWXG\ RQ 3RO\FKDHWD IDXQD RI WKH 0DUPDULV%D\ 6RXWKHUQ $HJHDQ6HD J. Aqu. Prod.6SHFLDO,VVXH,VW. 8QLY.-59. dÕQDU 0 ( (UJHQ = 2Q WKH HFRORJ\ RI WKH 1HUHLGLGDH 3RO\FKDHWD $QQHOLGD LQWKH%D\RIø]PLU$HJHDQ6HDZool. Middle East- 122. dÕQDU 0( (UJHQ = 2. )DXQLVWLF DQDO\VLV RI 6\OOLGDH $QQHOLGD 3RO\FKDHWD IURPWKH$HJHDQ6HDCah. Biol. Mar-178. dÕQDU 0E. (UJHQ = (XV\OOLQDH DQG 6\OOLQDH $QQHOLGD 3RO\FKDHWD IURPQRUWKHUQ&\SUXV HDVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HD ZLWKDFKHFNOLVW RI VSHFLHVUHSRUWHGIURPWKH/HYDQW6HDBull. Mar. Sci-793. dÕQDU0E.(UJHQ=7KHSUHVHQFHRIChaetozone corona 3RO\FKDHWD &LUUDWXOLGDH LQWKH0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HDDQDOLHQRUDQDWLYHVSHFLHV"Cah. Biol. Mar.- dÕQDU 0( (UJHQ = Benli +A. Autolytinae and Exogoninae 3RO\FKDHWD6\OOLGDH IURPQRUWKHUQ&\SUXV HDVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HD ZLWKDFKHFNOLVWRIVSHFLHVUHSRUWHGIURPWKH/HYDQW6HDBull. Mar. Sci - dÕQDU 0( (UJHQ = 'D÷OÕ ( 1HZ UHFRUGV RI SRO\FKDHWHV IURP WKH 7XUNLVK$HJHDQFRDVWRapp. Comm. int. Mer. Médit dÕQDU0((UJHQ='D÷OÕ(3HWHUVHQ0($OLHQVSHFLHVRIVSLRQLG SRO\FKDHWHV Streblospio gynobranchiata and Polydora cornuta LQ,]PLU %D\HDVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQJ. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K-827. dÕQDU0(%DONLV+$OED\UDN6'DJOL(.DUKDQ6h'LVWULEXWLRQ RI SRO\FKDHWH VSHFLHV $QQHOLGD 3RO\FKDHWD RQ WKH SROOXWHG VRIW

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Molluscs associated with Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile on the coasts of Turkey

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Abstract

As a UHVXOWRIHYDOXDWLQJ WKHVWXGLHVFRQGXFWHGDORQJWKH7XUNLVKVHDVD WRWDO RI PROOXVFDQ VSHFLHV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK Posidonia oceanica PHDGRZV EHORQJLQJWRFODVVHV 3RO\SODFRSKRUD*DVWURSRGD%LYDOYLDDQG6FDSKRSRGD DQG IDPLOLHV ZHUH GHWHUPLQHG *DVWURSRGD UHSUHVHQWHG ZLWK WKH PD[LPXP QXPEHU RI VSHFLHV IROORZHG E\ %LYDOYLD 3RO\SODFRSKRUD DQG 6FDSKRSRGD 3\UDPLGHOOLGDHDQG5LVVRLGDHZHUHWKHPRVWGRPLQDQWIDPLOLHV ZLWK DQG VSHFLHVUHVSHFWLYHO\7URFKLGDHDQG9HQHULGDH VSHFLHV HDFK ZHUH RWKHU GRPLQDQW IDPLOLHV IROORZHG E\ 0DQJHOLLGDH VSHFLHV

Introduction

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Material and Method

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Results and Discussion

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Scissurellidae Scissurella costata G 2UELJQ\ 5 AS Sinezona cingulata 2*&RVWD 5 AS Trochidae Clanculus corallinus *PHOLQ AS Clanculus cruciatus /LQQDHXV 5 AS Clanculus jussieui 3D\UDXGHDX 5 AS Gibbula adansonii 3D\UDXGHDX 5 AS Gibbula albida *PHOLQ 5 AS Gibbula ardens 9RQ6DOLV AS Gibbula fanulum *PHOLQ AS Gibbula umbilicalis GD&RVWD AS Gibbula varia /LQQDHXV 5 AS Jujubinus exasperatus 3HQQDQW AS Jujubinus striatus (/LQQDHXV AS &DHQRJDVWURSRGD Anabathridae Nodulus contortus -HIIUH\V AS Barleeiidae Barleeia unifasciata 0RQWDJX 8 AS Buccinidae Chauvetia brunnea 'RQRYDQ 19 AS Chauvetia turritellata 'HVKD\HV AS Engina leucozona 3KLOLSSL 8 AS Euthria cornea /LQQDHXV 8 AS Pollia scacchiana 3KLOLSSL 8 AS Caecidae Caecum armoricum GH)ROLQ 19 AS Caecum auriculatum GH)ROLQ AS Caecum clarkii &DUSHQWHU AS Caecum subannulatum GH)ROLQ AS Caecum trachea 0RQWDJX AS Parastrophia asturiana GH)ROLQ AS Cerithiidae Bittium latreillii 3D\UDXGHDX AS Bittium lacteum 3KLOLSSL 19 AS Bittium reticulatum GD&RVWD AS Bittium submamillatum GH5D\QHYDO 3RQ]L 8 AS

Cerithium vulgatum %UXJXLqUH AS Cerithiopsidae Cerithiopsis jeffreysi :DWVRQ AS Cerithiopsis minima %UXVLQD AS Cerithiopsis tubercularis 0RQWDJX AS Dizoniopsis coppolae $UDGDV AS Columbellidae Columbella rustica /LQQDHXV 8 AS Mitrella gervillii 3D\UDXGHDX 19 AS Conidae Conus ventricosus *PHOLQ 8 AS Costellariidae Vexillum (Pusia) ebenus /DPDUFN 8 AS Vexillum (Pusiolina) granum )RUEHV 8 AS Drilliidae Crassopleura maravignae %LYRQD$QWLQ%LYRQD$QG 19 AS Epitoniidae Epitonium clathrus /LQQDHXV AS Epitonium muricatum 5LVVR AS Epitonium turtonis 7XUWRQ AS Eulimidae Eulima glabra GD&RVWD AS Melanella boscii 3D\UDXGHDX AS Melanella polita /LQQDHXV AS Melanella stalioi %UXVLQD AS Parvioris ibizenca 1RUGVLHFN AS Sticteulima jeffreysiana %UXVLQD AS Vitreolina curva 0RQWHURVDWR AS Vitreolina incurva %XFTXR\'DXW]HQEHUJ 'ROOIXV AS Vitreolina philippi GH5D\QHYDO 3RQ]L AS Fasciolariidae Fusinus pulchellus 3KLOLSSL 19 AS Fusinus syracusanus /LQQDHXV 8 AS Horaiclavidae Haedropleura secalina 3KLOLSSL 8 AS Haedropleura septangularis 0RQWDJX 19 AS Iravadiidae Hyala vitrea 0RQWDJX 12 AS

0DQJHOLLGDH Bela brachystoma 3KLOLSSL $6/6 Bela menkhorsti YDQ$DUWVHQ 21 AS Bela nebula 0RQWDJX AS Bela zonata /RFDUG 8 AS Mangelia attenuata 0RQWDJX AS Mangelia barashi YDQ$DUWVHQ )HKU-GH:DO 21 LS Mangelia costata 3HQQDQW 21 AS Mangelia costulata 5LVVR $6/6 Mangelia stosiciana %UXVLQD AS Mangelia unifasciata 'HVKD\HV $6/6 Mitridae Mitra cornicula /LQQDHXV 19 AS Mitromorphidae Mitromorpha olivoidea &DQWUDLQH 8 AS Muricidae Bolinus brandaris /LQQDHXV 8 AS Hexaplex trunculus /LQQDHXV AS Muricopsis Muricopsis cristata %URFFKL 8 AS Ocinebrina aciculata /DPDUFN 8 AS Trophonopsis muricata 0RQWDJX 8 AS Typhinellus labiatus GH&ULVWRIRUL -DQ 19 AS Nassariidae Cyclope neritea /LQQDHXV AS Nassarius incrassatus 6WU¡P AS Nassarius pygmaeus /DPDUFN AS Naticidae Euspira pulchella 5LVVR 8 AS Raphitomidae Raphitoma echinata %URFFKL AS Raphitoma horrida 0RQWHURVDWR 19 AS Raphitoma linearis 0RQWDJX AS Rissoidae Alvania cimex /LQQDHXV 8 AS Alvania cancellata 'D&RVWD 19 AS Alvania colossophilus 2EHUOLQJ 2 LS Alvania datchaensis $PDWL 2OLYHULR AS Alvania discors $OODQ 8 AS

Alvania dorbignyi $XGRXLQ 8 AS Alvania fractospira 2EHUOLQJ 18 LS Alvania geryonia 1DUGR AS Alvania lineata 5LVVR 8 AS Alvania mamillata 5LVVR AS Manzonia crassa .DQPDFKHU 19 AS Pusillina lineolata 0LFKDXG 19 AS Pusillina radiata 3KLOLSSL 19 AS Rissoa auriscalpium /LQQDHXV $6/6 Rissoa membranacea -$GDPV 8 AS Rissoa monodonta 3KLOLSSL AS Rissoa splendida (LFKZDOG AS Rissoa variabilis 9RQ0KOIHOGW 8 AS Rissoa ventricosa 'HVPDUHVW 8 AS Rissoa violacea 'HVPDUHVW 8 AS Rissoina bertholleti ,VVHO AS Rissoina bruguieri 3D\UDXGHDX AS Scaliolidae Finella pupoides $GDPV$ AS Strombidae *Conomurex persicus 6ZDLQVRQ 1 $6/6 Tonnidae Tonna galea /LQQDHXV 8 AS Triphoridae Marshallora adversa 0RQWDJX AS Metaxia metaxae GHOOH&KLDMH AS Monophorus erythrosoma %RXFKHW *XLOOHPRW AS Monophorus perversus /LQQDHXV AS Similiphora similior %RXFKHW *XLOOHPRW AS Turritellidae Turritella turbona 0RQWHURVDWR 19 AS Heterobranchia Haminoeidae Haminoea hydatis /LQQDHXV 8 AS Weinkauffia turgidula )RUEHV 8 AS Chromodorididae Felimare picta 6FKXOW]LQ3KLOLSSL 23 LS Mathildidae

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Nucula sulcata %URQQ 9 AS Solemyidae Solemya togata 3ROL 9 AS Pteriomorphia Anomiidae Anomia ephippium /LQQDHXV 9 AS Arcidae Anadara polii 0D\HU 9 AS Arca noae /LQQDHXV AS Arca tetragona 3ROL 9 AS Barbatia barbata /LQQDHXV 9 AS Limidae Limaria loscombi *%6RZHUE\, 9 AS Mytilidae Dacrydium hyalinum 0RQWHURVDWR AS Gibbomodiola adriatica /DPDUFN AS Modiolula phaseolina 3KLOLSSL AS Modiolus barbatus /LQQDHXV AS Musculus costulatus 5LVVR AS Musculus discors /LQQDHXV AS Musculus subpictus &DQWUDLQH AS Mytilaster lineatus *PHOLQ 9 AS Mytilus galloprovincialis /DPDUFN AS Noetiidae Striarca lactea /LQQDHXV AS Ostreidae Crassostrea gigas 7KXQEHUJ 13 AS Pectinidae Aequipecten opercularis /LQQDHXV AS Flexopecten flexuosus 3ROL 13 AS Flexopecten hyalinus 3ROL AS Mimachlamys varia /LQQDHXV AS Talochlamys multistriata 3ROL AS Propeamussiidae Parvamussium fenestratum )RUEHV AS Heterodonta Cardiidae Acanthocardia echinata /LQQDHXV 8 AS

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Psammobiidae Gari costulata 7XUWRQ 9 AS Semelidae Abra alba ::RRG AS Abra nitida 0OOHU 13 AS Abra segmentum 5pFOX] AS Abra prismatica 0RQWDJX AS Tellinidae Gastrana fragilis /LQQDHXV 12 AS Arcopagia balaustina /LQQDHXV AS Moerella donacina /LQQDHXV AS Serratina serrata %URFFKL 13 AS Tellina distorta 3ROL 9 AS Tellina nitida 3ROL AS Tellina pulchella /DPDUFN AS Thraciidae Thracia distorta 0RQWDJX 9 AS Thracia phaseolina /DPDUFN 9 AS Thyasiridae Thyasira flexuosa 0RQWDJX AS Veneridae Callista chione /LQQDHXV 9 AS Chamelea gallina /LQQDHXV AS Clausinella fasciata GD&RVWD 13 AS Dosinia lupinus /LQQDHXV 3 AS Gouldia minima 0RQWDJX AS Irus irus /LQQDHXV 9 AS Pitar rudis 3ROL AS Polititapes aureus *PHOLQ 3 AS Timoclea ovata 3HQQDQW 9 AS Venus casina /LQQDHXV 8 AS Venus verrucosa /LQQDHXV AS SCAPHOPODA Dentaliidae Antalis dentalis /LQQDHXV 8 AS Antalis inaequicostata 'DXW]HQEHUJ AS Antalis vulgaris GD&RVWD AS Gadilidae

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References

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Crustaceans associated with Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile on the coasts of Turkey

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Abstract

$WRWDORIFUXVWDFHDQVSHFLHVEHORQJLQJWRIDPLOLHVDQGRUGHU OLYLQJ LQ Posidonia oceanica ZHUH GHWHUPLQHG LQ WKH VWXGLHV ZKLFK ZHUH conducted on tKH7XUNLVKFRDVWV$HJHDQ6HDFRDVWUDQNHGILUVWLIWKHFUXVWDFHDQ ELRGLYHUVLW\WDNHQLQWRDFFRXQW'DUGDQHOOHVDQG0HGLWHUUDQHDQFRDVWVKDUHGWKH VHFRQG DQG WKLUG SODFHV UHVSHFWLYHO\ 7KH DPSKLSRGV Ampelisca diadema Ampithoe ramondi Microdeutopus stationis Dexamine spinosa Ericthonius brasiliensisLeucothoe spinicarpaGammarella fucicolaCaprella acanthifera Phtisica marinaWKHWDQDLGDFHDQLeptochelia savignyiDQGWKHGHFDSRGVAthanas nitescens Hippolyte inermisLysmata seticaudataGalathea bolivariGalathea intermedia Pagurus anachoretus Pagurus cuanensis Pisidia bluteli Pisidia longimana Pilumnus hirtellus ZHUHWKHPRVWFRPPRQDQGFKDUDFWHULVWLFVSHFLHV LQWKHELRWRSHVRIPosidonia oceanica RQ7XUNLVK&RDVWV

Introduction

Posidonia oceanica KHUHDIWHU P. oceanica DOVR NQRZQ ZLWK Cymodocea VSDQGZostera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oceanica WKURXJKRXW WKH 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ 6HD *DUFLD-5DVR 6iQFKH]- -HUH]et al=DNKDPD-Sraïeb et al0LFKHOet al6WXUDURet al P. oceanica KDVDOVRDFRQWLQXRXVGLVWULEXWLRQIURP'DUGDQHOOHV6WUDLW RQWKHQRUWK$HJHDQVHDXSWR%D\RI0HUVLQRQWKH/HYDQWLQHFRDVWRI7XUNH\ &HOHELet al )XUWKHUPRUHVRPHSDWFKHVRIP.oceanica KDVEHHQUHSRUWHG IURP WKH 0DUPDUD VHD *UHHQ DQG 6KRUW 2QH RI WKH HDUOLHVW RI WKH WD[RQRPLF VWXGLHV LQFOXGLQJ WKHVH DUHDV RQ 7XUNLVK FRDVWV ZDV FRQGXFWHG E\

115

+ROWKXLV LQ ZKLFK KH LQYHVWLJDWHG WKH GHFDSRG FUXVWDFHDQ VSHFLHV DQG UHSRUWHG VRPH RI WKHP IURP P.oceanica YHJHWDWLRQ *HOGLD\ et al UHSRUWHG WZR DPSKLSRG VSHFLHV DPRQJ WKH GHDG P. oceanica OHDYHV RQ WKH VXSUDOLWWRUDO ]RQH EHVLGH WKH RWKHU VSHFLHV .RFDWDú DQG .DWD÷DQ LQYHVWLJDWHGWKHDPSKLSRGVSHFLHVRI7XUNH\DQGUHSRUWHGPRUHWKDQVSHFLHV DPRQJ WKH P. oceanica PHDGRZV .RFDWDú HQFRXQWHUHG VWRPDWRSRG VSHFLHV LQ WKH P. oceanica EHGV RQ $HJHDQ FRDVW RI 7XUNH\ .DWD÷DQ FDUULHG RXW D VWXG\ DERXW WKH FXPDFHDQ VSHFLHV LQ WKH P. oceanica7ZR DOLHQ GHFDSRGVSHFLHV Metapenaeopsis aegyptia *DOLODQGThalamita poissonii $XGRXLQ ZHUH UHSRUWHG IURP $HJHDQ DQG /HYDQWLQH FRDVWV RI 7XUNH\

Material and Method

7KH SUHYLRXV VWXGLHV WKDW FRQWDLQ Posidonia oceanica ELRWRSH RQ WKH 7XUNLVKFRDVWZHUHHYDOXDWHGZLWKOLEUDU\UHVHDUFKLQWKLVVWXG\7KHV\VWHPDWLF RUGHURI0DUWLQDQG'DYLV ZHUHWDNHQLQWRFRQVLGHUDWLRQWRIRUPWKHOLVW RIVSHFLHVEHORZ

Results and Discussion

$WRWDORIFUXVWDFHDQVSHFLHVEHORQJLQJWRIDPLOLHVDQGRUGHU ZHUHGHWHUPLQHGLQSUHYLRXVVWXGLHV 7DEOH

Table 1/LVWRIWKHHQFRXQWHUHGFUXVWDFHDQVSHFLHVLQWKHP. oceanica ELRWRSHRQWKH7XUNLVKFRDVW '6 'DUGDQHOOHV 6WUDLW$&$HJHDQ6HDFRDVW0&0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HDFRDVW LQGLFDWH DOLHQ VSHFLHV7KHGHSWKUDQJHRIVRPHVSHFLHVZKLFKLVQRWPHQWLRQHGLQWKHSXEOLFDWLRQVZHUHQRWJLYHQ LQWKHWDEOH 'HSWKUDQJH Species Sea Reference (m) Leptostraca Nebaliidae Nebalia bipes 2)DEULFLXV 7-9 AC 22 Stomatopoda Nannosquillidae Nannosquilloides occultus *LHVEUHFKW 15- AC 5 Squillidae Rissoides desmaresti 5LVVR 15- AC 5 Squilla mantis /LQQDHXV -25 AC 5 Amphipoda

Ampeliscidae Ampelisca dalmatina .DUDPDQ 5 AC 22 Ampelisca diadema &RVWD 7-21 '6$& Ampelisca gibba 6DUV 13 '6 29 Ampelisca multispinosa Bellan-6DQWLQL .DLP- 8 AC 12 0DOND Ampelisca planierensis Bellan-6DQWLQLYH.DLP- 9 AC 22 0DOND Ampelisca pseudosarsi Bellan-6DQWLQL .DLP- 21 AC 0DOND Ampelisca pseudospinimana Bellan-6DQWLQL 5-21 AC Kaim-0DOND Ampelisca rubella $&RVWD - '6$& Ampelisca ruffoi Bellan-6DQWLQL .DLP-0DOND 15 '6 1977 Ampelisca sarsi &KHYUHX[ 13 AC 12 Ampelisca spinipes %RHFN AC 13 Ampelisca tenuicornis /LOMHERUJ 27 AC 13 Ampelisca unidentata 6FKHOOHQEHUJ - '6$& 8 Haploops dellavallei 6WHEELQJ - AC 13 Amphilochidae Amphilochus brunneus 'HOOD9DOOH 25- AC Amphilochus neapolitanus 'HOOD9DOOH 21 AC Amphilochus picadurus -/%DUQDUG 15 '6 Gitana sarsi %RHFN AC Ampithoidae Ampithoe helleri Karaman, 1975 - AC 7 Ampithoe ramondi $XGRXLQ 5-21 '6$& Cymadusa crassicornis &RVWD 5 '6$& Aoridae Aora spinicornis $IRQVR 5-9 AC Autonoe longipes /LOMHERUJ - AC Autonoe spiniventris 'HOOD9DOOH 5-37 AC 13 Lembos websteri %DWH 5 AC Microdeutopus algicola 'HOOD9DOOH 9-25 AC Microdeutopus anomalus 5DWKNH 15 '6$& Microdeutopus bifidus 0\HUV 13 '6 Microdeutopus chelifer %DWH 1-15 '6$& Microdeutopus gryllotalpa &RVWD 13-21 '6$& Microdeutopus obtusatus 0\HUV - AC Microdeutopus stationis 'HOOD9DOOH3 - AC Microdeutopus versiculatus %DWH 7-15 '6$&

117

Aristiidae Perrierella audouiniana %DWH - AC Atylidae Atylus guttatus &RVWD 5- $&0& Atylus massiliensis Bellan-SantLQL AC Biancolinidae Biancolina algicola 'HOOD9DOOH - AC Calliopiidae Apherusa bispinosa %DWH 5-7 AC Apherusa chiereghinii Giordani-6RLND 7 AC Apherusa mediterranea &KHYUHX[1 AC 13 Apherusa vexatrix .UDSS-6FKLFNHO 8-13 AC 12 &RORPDVWLJLGDH Colomastix pusilla *UXEH -35 '6$& Corophiidae Apocorophium acutum &KHYUHX[ 7-15 '6$& Leptocheirus bispinosus 1RUPDQ 12 AC 13 Leptocheirus guttatus *UXEH 7 AC Leptocheirus mariae .DUDPDQ 13 '6 Leptocheirus pectinatus 1RUPDQ 21 AC 23 Leptocheirus pilosus =DGGDFK - '6 Medicorophium runcicorne 'HOOD9DOOH AC 13 Cyproideidae Peltocoxa gibbosa 6FLHFNH 8 AC 19 Peltocoxa marioni &DWWD - AC Dexaminidae Dexamine spiniventris &RVWD 1-7 $&0& '6$& Dexamine spinosa 0RQWDJX 1-21 0& Dexamine thea %RHFN 13-15 '6 Guernea coalita 1RUPDQ 7- AC Tritaeta gibbosa %DWH 15-35 $&0& Eusiridae Eusirus longipes %RHFN AC 13 Gammaridae Elasmopus brasiliensis 'DQD1855 - AC 17 Elasmopus pocillimanus %DWH 5 '6$& Elasmopus rapax &RVWD - AC 8 Gammarus aequicauda 0DUW\LQRY 8 AC 11

118

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119

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References

$VODQ+%DONÕV+7KH$PSKLSRG &UXVWDFHD VSHFLHVDWWKHFRDVWVRI %R]FDDGD,VODQG 1($HJHDQ6HD Turkish Journal of Marine Sciences -229. Aslan-&LKDQJLU+3DQFXFFL-3DSDGRSRXORX0$D$VSHFWVRI'HFDSRG &UXVWDFHDQ DVVHPEODJHV IURP VRIW ERWWRPV VXEPLWWHG WR VWURQJ K\GURG\QDPLF FRQGLWLRQV DQ H[DPSOH IURP &DQDNNDOH 6WUDLW 7XUNLVK 6WUDLW6\VWHP Fresenius Environmental Bulletin D - Aslan-&LKDQJLU+3DQFXFFL-3DSDGRSRXORX0$E6SDWLDODQGWHPSRUDO YDULDWLRQRIVRIW-ERWWRPSHUDFDULG &UXVWDFHD3HUDFDULGD LQIDXQDLQWKH CaQDNNDOH6WUDLW 7XUNH\ Mediterranean Marine Science - 182. $WHú $6 .DWD÷DQ 7 .RFDWDú $ 7UNL\H¶QLQ (JH 'HQL]L kÕ\ÕODUÕ Posidonia oceanica / 'HOLOH dD\ÕUODUÕQÕQ 'HNDSRG .UXVWDVH )DXQDVÕ E.U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences - – $WHú $6 .DWD÷DQ 7 .RFDWDú $

128

%DNÕU..DWD÷DQ7&UXVWDFHDQGLYHUVLW\RIWKHFRUDOOLJHQRXVEHGVRI 0DUNL],VODQG $HJHDQ&RDVWRI7XUNH\ Crustaceana - %DONÕV+.XUXQ$7KH$QRPXUDVSHFLHVIRXQGin EGUHPLW%D\LQWKH Aegean Sea. IUFS Journal of Biology - %HOO -' +DUPHOLQ-9LYLHQ 0 / )LVK IDXQD RI )UHQFK PHGLWHUUDQHDQ Posidonia oceanica VFDJUDVVPHDGRZV)HHGLQJKDELWVTethys 1- &HOHEL % *XFX $& 2N 0 6HUGDU 6 $NR÷OX ( 6XUYLYDO RI WKH Posidonia oceanica FXWWLQJV WUDQVSODQWHG LQWR WKH QRUWKHDVWHUQ /HYDQW Sea. Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Médit. (GJDU*-6KDZ&7KHSURGXFWLRQDQGWURSLFHFRORJ\RIVKDOORZ-ZDWHU ILVK DVVHPEODJHV LQ VRXWKHUQ $XVWUDOLD ,,, *HQHUDO UHODWLRQVKLSV EHWZHHQ VHGLPHQWV VHDJUDVVHV LQYHUWHEUDWHV DQG ILVKHV Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology-131. (UJHQ = .RFDWDú $ .DWD÷DQ 7 gQHQ 0 7KH GLVWULEXLWRQ RI 3RO\FKDHWDDQG&UXVWDFHDIDXQDIRXQGLQPosidonia oceanica PHDGRZV RI $HJHDQ &RDVW RI 7XUNH\ ;;;, &RQJUHV-$VVHPEOHH SODQLHUHL $WKHQHV-22 October 1988. (UROg]IXoXFX*.DWD÷DQ7

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Abstract

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Introduction

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Methods

6LSXQFXODQ VSHFLHV UHSRUWHG IURP WKH Posidonia oceanica PHDGRZV DORQJ WKH 7XUNLVK DQG &\SULRW FRDVWV ZHUH RQO\ WDNHQ LQWR DFFRXQW 7KH GRPLQDQFHDQGIUHTXHQF\YDOXHVRIVSHFLHVZHUHGHWHUPLQHGEDVHGRQGDWDJLYHQ LQWKHSDSHUV

Results and Discussion

Aegean coasts of Turkey

$ WRWDO RI nine VLSXQFXODQ VSHFLHV EHORQJLQJ WR IRXU IDPLOLHV *ROILLQJLGDH 3KDVFROLRQLGDH 3KDVFRORVRPDWLGDH DQG $VSLGRVLSKRQLGDH ZHUH UHSRUWHG WR EH DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK P. oceanica RQWKH$HJHDQFRDVWVRI7XUNH\ 7DEOH $PRQJ WKH VSHFLHV Aspidosiphon A. misakiensis ZDV WKH PRVWGRPLQDQWVSHFLHV )LJXUH$ ,QWKHDUHDWKUHHVSHFLHV>Aspidosiphon A. muelleri Golfingia G. vulgaris vulgaris and Aspidosiphon A. misakiensis @ ZHUHFDWHJRUL]HGDVµ&RPPRQ¶DQGWKHRWKHUVDVµ5DUH¶ )DXQLVWLFDQDO\VLVRIEHQWKLFVDPSOHVFROOHFWHGIURP,OGÕr and Gerence %D\V\LHOGHGDWRWDORIVSHFLPHQVEHORQJLQJWRVSHFLHV $oLN 7KH PRVW GRPLQDQW DQG IUHTXHQW VSHFLHV LQ WKH DUHD ZDV A. A. muelleri 7DEOH $oLN a UHSRUWHGDWRWDORIVSHFLHVDQGVSHFLPHQVEHORQJing WRIDPLOLHVIURPWKH7XUNLVK$HJHDQFRDVWA. A. misakiensis ZDVWKH PRVW GRPLQDQW VSHFLHV FRPSULVLQJ RI WKH WRWDO QXPEHU RI VSHFLPHQV $V D UHVXOWRI6R\HU ¶VIUHTXHQF\LQGH[YDOXHVVSHFLHVFRXOGEHFODVVLILHGDV µ&RQVWDQW¶ ) VSHFLHV DV µ&RPPRQ¶ ) EHWZHHQ DQG DQG VSHFLHVDVµ5DUH¶ ) 7DEOH $WRWDORIVSHFLHVDQGVSHFLPHQVZHUHGHWHUPLQHGLQ,]PLU%D\E\ $oLN 7KH PRVW GRPLQDQW VSHFLHV ZHUH Onchnesoma steenstrupii steenstrupii and Thysanocardia procera One VSHFLHV ZDV µ&RQVWDQW¶ 7DEOH In KuúadasÕ %D\ VSHFLHV DQG VSHFLPHQV ZHUH IRXQG RQ P. oceanica $oLN b 7KH PRVW GRPLQDQW DQG IUHTXHQW VSHFLHV ZDVA. A. misakiensis 7DEOH

Mediterranean coasts of Turkey

1LQH VLSXQFXODQ VSHFLHV ZHUH UHSRUWHG RQ P. oceanica IURP WKH DUHD Phascolosoma P. stephensoni and A. A. misakiensis FRPSULVHGXSWR RI WKH WRWDO VLSXQFXOD SRSXODWLRQV )LJXUH % ,Q WKH DUHD WZR VSHFLHV

133

>Aspidosiphon A. misakiensis and Onchnesoma steenstrupii steenstrupii 52 ] ZHUHFDWHJRUL]HGDVµ&RQVWDQW¶WZRVSHFLHV>P. P. stephensoni and Golfingia G. vulgaris vulgaris @DVµ&RPPRQ¶DQGWKHRWKHUVDV µ5DUH¶

$WRWDORIVSHFLHVDQGVSHFLPHQVZHUHIRXQGLQWKH)HWKL\H-*|oHN 6SHFLDOO\ 3URWHFWHG $UHD $oLN a 7KH PRVW GRPLQDQW VSHFLHV ZHUH Onchnesoma steenstrupii steenstrupii and A. A. misakiensis 7DEOH 7KUHH VSHFLHVZHUHµ&RQVWDQW¶ 7DEOH $oLN LGHQWLILHG D WRWDO RI VSHFLHV DQG VSHFLPHQV RQ P. oceanica IURPWKH0HGLWHUUDQHDQFRDVWRI7XUNH\7KHPRVWGRPLQDQWVSHFLHVLQ WKHVWXG\DUHDZDVP. P. stephensoni IROORZHGE\A. A. misakiensis DQG Onchnesoma steenstrupii steenstrupii 7KH PRVW IUHTXHQW VSHFLHV LQWKHDUHDZDVA. A. misakiensis 7DEOH

Northern Cyprus

)DXQLVWLFDO DQDO\VLV RI Posidonia oceanica VDPSOHV FROOHFWHG IURP 1RUWKHUQ&\SUXV –P DWVWDWLRQV\LHOGHGVLSXQFXODQVSHFLHVEHORQJLQJ WRIDPLOLHV *ROILQJLLGDH3KDVFRORVRPDWLGDHDQG$VSLGRVLSKRQLGDH $oLNet al., Aspidosiphon A. muelleri ZDV WKH PRVW GRPLQDQW DQG IUHTXHQWVSHFLHV LQWKHDUHD 7DEOH)LJXUH&

Table 1. 7KH VLSXQFXODQ VSHFLHV DQG WKHLU QXPEHU RI VSHFLPHQV GRPLQDQFH DQG IUHTXHQW YDOXHV IRXQGRQPosidonia ocenica PHDGRZVDORQJWKHFRDVWVRI7XUNH\DQG1RUWKHUQ&\SUXV Studies 6DPSOLQJ Species Number Dominant Frequent area of value (%) value specimens (%) AEGEAN SEA Açik, ,OGÕUDQG G. G. vulgaris vulgaris 1 Gerence O. steenstrupii steenstrupii 2 Bays A. A. muelleri 92 Açik, Aegean G. G. vulgaris vulgaris a coast O. steenstrupii steenstrupii P. P. strombus strombus 1 P. I. tuberculosum P. P. agassizii agassizii 2 A. A. misakiensis A. A. muelleri Açik, ,]PLU%D\ G. G. vulgaris vulgaris 1 25 2009 O. steenstrupii steenstrupii 2 33,3 25 T. procera 2 33,3 A. A. muelleri 1 25 Açik, Kusadasi G. G. vulgaris vulgaris 19 2010b Bay P. P. stephensoni 8 A. A. misakiensis 192 100 MEDITERRANEAN SEA Açik, )HWKL\H- G. G. vulgaris vulgaris 3 2010a *|oHN N. N. rimicola 1 25 6SHFLDOO\ O. steenstrupii steenstrupii 5 26,3 Protected P. P. stephensoni 1 25 Area A. A. misakianum 25 A. A. misakiensis 5 26,3

Açik, 6RXWKHUQ G. G. vulgaris vulgaris 17 2011 FRDVWRI O. steenstrupii steenstrupii Turkey P. I. tuberculosum 1 P. P. stephensoni A. (A. mexicanus 5 A. A. elegans 1 A. A. misakiensis NORTHERN CYPRUS Açik et &\SULRW G. G. vulgaris vulgaris 1 2 al. coast P. P. agassizii agassizii 3 P. P. scolops 5 P. P. stephensoni 2 A. A. muelleri 39

)LJXUH 7KH GRPLQDQW VSHFLHV IRXQG LQ Posidonia oceanica VDPSOHVLQWKH$HJHDQ6HD(A) 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HD(B) DQG1RUWKHUQ&\SUXV(C).

7KHPRUSKRORJLFDODQGGLVWULEXWLRQDOIHDWXUHVRIWKHVSHFLHVDUHJLYHQEHORZ

Golfingia (Golfingia) vulgaris vulgaris GH%ODLQYLOOH

Description: 7UXQNF\OLQGULFDOVNLQVPRRWKWUDQVOXFHQW )LJXUH$ %RWKHQGV RI WUXQN ZLWK GDUN EURZQ RU EODFN SDSLOODH ,QWURYHUW ZLWK VSLQH-like GDUN VFDWWHUHG KRRNV )RXU UHWUDFWRU PXVFOHV 1HSKULGLRSRUHV DW OHYHO RI DQXV 7ZR UHGGLVKEODFNH\HVSRWVSUHVHQW

135

Distribution: 1RUWKHDVW$WODQWLF2FHDQQRUWKZHVW3DFLILF2FHDQ,QGLDQ2FHDQ 6DL]6DOLQDVD 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HDDQG5HG6HD &XWOHU$oLN

Thysanocardia procera 0RHELXV

Description: 6NLQ VPRRWK ZLWK ILQH ULGJHV )LJXUH % 7HQWDFOHV VXUURXQGLQJ ELOREHG QXFKDO RUJDQ 7ZR UHWUDFWRU PXVFOHV IXVHG IRU PXFK RI WKHLU OHQJWK RULJLQDWLQJ LQ SRVWHULRU WKLUG RI OHQJWK &RQWUDFWLO YHVVHO ZLWK YLOli. 1HSKULGLRSRUHVDWOHYHOWRDQXVRUVOLJKWO\LQIURQWRILW

Distribution: 1RUWK $WODQWLF 2FHDQ DQG 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ 6HD 6DL] 6DOLQDV and 9LOODIUDQFD8UFKHJXL

Nephasoma (Nephasoma) rimicola *LEEV

Description: %RG\ZDOOVPRRWKVHPL-tranVSDUHQW )LJXUH& ,QWURYHUWVKRUWHU WKDQWUXQNOHQJWK+ooks arranged in rings. 1HSKULGLRSRUHVDQWHULRUWRDQXV7ZR UHGGLVKH\HVSRWVSUHVHQW

Distribution: 6RXWKZHVWHUQ (QJODQG DQG 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ 6HD &XWOHU $oLNa

Phascolion (Isomya) tuberculosum 7KpHO

Description: Trunk cylindrical; skin semi-WUDQVSDUHQW )LJXUH ' +ROGIDVW SDSLOODH ODFN GDUN SURWHLQL]HG ERUGHUV ,QWURYHUW ZLWK ODUJH EURDG UHFXUYHG KRRNV7ZRUHWUDFWRUPXVFOHVRIHTXDOZLGWKDWWDFKHGDWQHDUSRVWHULRUSDUW RI trunk. 1HSKULGLRSRUHSRVWHULRUWRDQXV

Distribution: ,QGLDQ 2FHDQ ZHVWHUQ 3DFLILF 2FHDQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ 6HD 6DL] Salinas and 9LOODIUDQFD8UFKHJXL6DL]6DOLQDVE$oLN DQG Atlantic Ocean 0XULQDand 6¡UHQVHQ

Phascolion (Phascolion) strombus strombus 0RQWDJX

Description: %RG\ ZDOO VHPL-WUDQVSDUHQW )LJXUH ( 'LVWLQFW SURWHLQL]HG ERUGHUV RQ KROGIDVW SDSLOODH ,QWURYHUW ZLWK FODZ OLNH SRLQWHG KRRNV 9HQWUDO UHWUDFWRUPXVFOHVPXFKWKLQQHUWKDQGRUVDOSDLUVIntestiQHLQORRVHORRSVZLWKRXW VSLUDO6LQJOHQHSKULGLXPORFDWHGDWULJKWVLGHRIYHQWUDOQHUYHFRUG

Distribution: 1RUWK $WODQWLF 2FHDQ $UFWLF 2FHDQ 3DFLILF 2FHDQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ 6HD 5HG 6HD &XWOHU et al., DQG VRXWKZHVW ,QGLDQ 2FHDQ &XWOHUand CutlHU

Onchnesoma steenstrupii steenstrupii .RUHQDQG'DQLHOVVHQ

Description: Pear-VKDSHGRUEDUUHO-VKDSHGWUXQNYDULRXVFRORXUHGJUH\\HOORZ RUDQJHUXVW\UHG )LJXUH) 6PDOOSDSLOODHFRYHULQJVXUIDFHRIWUXQN.HHO-like structures in SRVWHULRUHQGRIWUXQN2QO\RQHUHWUDFWRUDWWDFKHGDWSRVWHULRUSDUW RI ERG\ 6SLQGOH DQG ZLQJ PXVFOH DEVHQW $QXV ORFDWHG QHDU PRXWK ,QWHVWLQH ZLWKVHYHUDOFRLOV1HSKULGLDVLQJOHHORQJDWH

Distribution: $WODQWLF 2FHDQ ZHVWHUQ3DFLILF2FHDQVRXWKZHVW,QGLDQ2FHDQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ 6HD &XWOHU $oLN DQG 5HG 6HD 3DQFXFFL- 3DSDGRSRXORX et al.,

Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) agassizii agassizii .HIHUVWHLQ

Description: %RG\ ZDOO RSDTXH )LJXUH * ,QWURYHUW ZLWK LUUHJXODU GDUN SLJPented EDQGV +RRN ZLWK YDULDEOH FOHDU VWUHDN WULDQJOH XVXDOO\ LQGLVWLQFW XQLGHQWDWHVRPHWLPHVZLWKVPDOOVHFRQGDU\WRRWK5LQJVRIKRRNVIHZHUWKDQ 7ZRSDLUVRIUHWUDFWRUVSUHVHQW6SLQGOHPXVFOHDULVLQJLQIURQWRIDQXVDWWDFKHG WRSRVWHULRUHQGRIWUXQN7ZRGDUNH\HVSRWVSUHVHQW

Distribution: 1RUWK 3DFLILF 2FHDQ ,QGLDQ 2FHDQ VXEWURSLFDO HDVWHUQ $WODQWLF 2FHDQDQG0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HD &XWOHU

Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) scolops 6HOHQND GH0DQ

Description: %RG\ ZDOO RSDTXH )LJXUH + ,QWURYHUW ZLWK UHJXODU SLJPHQWHG EDQGV3DSLOODHGLVWULEXWHGRYHUHQWLUHWUXQNPLG-WUXQNSDSLOODHVPDOOWKRVHRQ ERWKHQGVRIWUXQNODUJH3UHDQDOSDSLOODHGRPH-VKDSHGWRPDPPLIRUPUHGGLVK EURZQ+RRNZLWKYLVLEOHWULDQJOHDQGFOHDUVWUHDNarrDQJHGLQOHVVWKDQULQJV. 7ZR FKDUDFWHULVWLF GDUN OLQHV FURVVLQJ FOHDU DUHD RI HDFK KRRN7ZRSDLUVRI UHWUDFWRUV SUHVHQW 6SLQGOH PXVFOH ZHOO-GHYHORSHG DWWDFKHG WR SRVWHULRU HQG RI WUXQN7ZRGDUNH\HVSRWVSUHVHQW Distribution: Indo-:HVW3DFLILFDUHD5HG6HDHDVWHUQ$WODQWLF2FHDQ &XWOHU DQG0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HD 3DQFXFFL-3DSDGRSRXORXet al.,

Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) stephensoni 6WHSKHQ

Description: %RG\ ZDOO RSDTXH OLJKW EURZQLVK )LJXUH , . Preanal and SRVWHULRUSDSLOOae cone-VKDSHGVPRRWKUHGLQFRORXUWKRVHRQPLG-WUXQNVPDOO KHPLVSKHULFDO +RRNV ZLWK GLVWLQFW VWUHDN WULDQJXODU VSDFH DQG FUHVFHQW 0RVW KRRNVZLWKGLVWLQFW VHFRQGDU\WRRWK7ZRSDLUVRIUHWUDFWRUVSUHVHQW7ZREODFN H\HVSRWVSUHVHQW Distribution: :HVWHUQDQGQRUWKZHVWHUQ,QGLDQ2FHDQHDVWHUQ$WODQWLF2FHDQ ZHVWHUQ3DFLILF2FHDQDQG0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HD &XWOHU$oLN

137

)LJXUH ([WHUQDO PRUSKRORJ\ RI VSHFLHV A. Golfingia G vulgaris vulgaris B. Thysanocardia procera C. Nephasoma N rimicola. D. Phascolion I tuberculosum E. Phascolion P. strombus strombus. F. Onchnesoma steenstrupii steenstrupii G. Phascolosoma P. agassizii agassizii. H. Phascolosoma P. scolops I. Phascolosoma P. stephensoni6FDOHEDUV$ PP% PP& PP' PP( PP) PP* PP+ PP, PP )URP$oLNE $oLNet al.,

138

Apionsoma (Apionsoma) misakianum ,NHGD

Description: %RG\ ZDOO WKLQ VHPL-WUDQVSDUHQW )LJXUH $ . 6PDOO QXPHURXV EURZQSDSLOODHRQSRVWHULRUSDUWRIWUXQN6PDOOKRRNVZLWKEDVDOVSLQHOHWV – RQLQWURYHUW )RXUWKLQUHWUDFWRUPXVFOHVRULJLQDWLQJQHDUPLGGOHRIWUXQNERWK SDLUVFORVHWRYHQWUDOQHUYHFRUGBi-ORSHGQHSKULGLDXVXDOO\VLPLODULQVL]HIUHH mostly orange in FRORXU LQ VRPH VSHFLPHQV QHSKULGLD XQHTXDO LQ VL]H 1HSKULGLRSRUHVORFDWHGLQIURQWRIDQXV7ZREODFNH\HVSRWVSUHVHQW

Distribution: ,QGLDQ 2FHDQ 3DFLILF 2FHDQ ZHVWHUQ $WODQWLF 2FHDQ &XWOHU DQG0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HD $oLN

Aspidosiphon (Akrikos) mexicanus 0XULQD

Description: %RG\ ZDOO WKLQ OLJKW \HOORZLVK $QDO VKLHOG ZHDNO\ GHYHORSHG )LJXUH % &DXGDO VKLHOG QRW FOHDU 7DLO-OLNH VWUXFWXUH RQ SRVWHULRU SDUW RI WUXQN ,QWURYHUW DW W\SLFDO DQJOH – ZLWK PDLQWUXQN D[LV,QWHVWLQDOVSLUDO DWWDFKHG WR WKH SRVWHULRU SDUW RI WUXQN E\ VSLQGOH PXVFOH 1HSKULGLRSRUHV SRVWHULRUWRDQXV

Distribution: :HVWHUQ $WODQWLF 2FHDQ ,QGLDQ 2FHDQ DQG 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ 6HD 3DQFXFFL-3DSDGRSRXORX et al., $oLN

Aspidosiphon (Aspidosiphon) elegans &KDPLVVRDQG(\VHQKDUGW

Description: %RG\ ZDOO WKLQ WUDQVSDUHQW RU VHPL-WUDQVSDUHQW 8QJURRYHG DQDO VKLHOGJUDQXORXV&DXGDOVKLHOGXVXDOO\ZHDNO\GHYHORSHG 'DUNEURZQELGHQWDWH FRPSUHVVHGKRRNVRQULQJV ORFDWHGRQGLVWDOSDUWRILQWURYHUW )LJXUH& 'DUN FRQLFDOKRRNVVFDWWHUHGRQSUR[LPDOSDUWRILQWURYHUW1HSKULGLDRUDQJHRUGDUN EURZQ7ZREODFNH\HVSRWVSUHVHQW

Distribution: :HVWHUQ 3DFLILF 2FHDQ ,QGLDQ 2FHDQ ZHVWHUQ $WODQWLF 2FHDQ 5HG6HD &XWOHU DQG0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HD :HVHQEHUJ-/XQG$oLN

Aspidosiphon (Aspidosiphon) misakiensis ,NHGD

Description: %RG\ ZDOO VHPL-WUDQVSDUHQW $QDO VKLHOG ZLWKRXW JURRYHV RU IXUURZV )LJXUH ' &DXGDO VKLHOG ZLWK YDJXH UDGLDO JURRYHV 6SLQH-like SDSLOODHVFDWWHUHGRQLQWURYHUW/LJKWEURZQELGHQWDWHKRRNVLQULQJVIROORZHGE\ VFDWWHUHG XQLGHQWDWH KRRNV *XW ORRVHO\ ZRXQG LQ LOO-GHILQHG FRLOV 7ZR UHWUDFWRUVMRLQHGIRUPRVWRIWKHLUOHQJWKDULVLQJYHU\FORVHWRSRVWHULRUHQGRI WUXQN 1HSKULGLRSRUHV SRVWHULRU WR DQXV RU DW VDPH OHYHO 7ZR EODFN H\H VSRWV SUHVHQW

Distribution: 3DFLILF 2FHDQ HDVWHUQ DQG ZHVWHUQ $WODQWLF 2FHDQ DQG 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HD &XWOHU$oLN

139

Aspidosiphon (Aspidosiphon) muelleri 'LHVLQJ

Description: %RG\ ZDOO WKLQ semi-WUDQVSDUHQW $QDO DQG FDXGDO VKLHOG EODFN- EURZQ LQ FRORXU DQG JURRYHG )LJXUH ( 6SLQH-OLNH SDSLOODH VFDWWHUHG RQ LQWURYHUW/RQJLWXGLQDOPXVFXODWXUHFRQWLQXRXV/LJKWEURZQELGHQWDWHKRRNVin ULQJVIROORZHGE\VFDWWHUHGXQLGHQWDWHKRRNV5HWUDFWRUPXVFOHVDWWDFKHGDWQHDU SRVWHULRUSDUWRIWUXQN$QXVDQGQHSKULGLRSRUHVSODFHGDWVDPHOHYHO

Remarks: $FFRUGLQJ WR &XWOHU DQG &XWOHU &XWOHU DQG $oLN a Aspidosiphon A muelleri kovalevskii LV D MXQLRU V\QRQ\P RI A. A muelleri. 7KHUHIRUHWKHUHSRUWRIA. A muelleri kovalevskii IURPWKH &\SULRW FRDVWE\$oLNet al. ZDVDVVLJQHGWRA. A muelleri.

Distribution: NRUWKHDVWHUQ $WODQWLF 2FHDQ HDVWHUQ 3DFLILF 2FHDQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HD5HG6HD &XWOHU$oLNet al., DQGIndian Ocean 6DL]6DOLQDVD

)LJXUH ([WHUQDO PRUSKRORJ\ RI VSHFLHV A. Apionsoma A misakianum. B. Aspidosiphon A mexicanus C. Aspidosiphon A elegans D. Aspidosiphon A misakiensis E. Aspidosiphon A muelleri. Scale barV$ PP% PP& PP' PP( PP )URP$oLN

Alien sipunculan species on Posidonia oceanica

A WRWDORIDOLHQVLSXQFXODQVSHFLHVEHORQJLQJWRIDPLOLHV KDYHEHHQ UHSRUWHG IURP WKH ZKROH 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ EDVLQV XS WR GDWH RI ZKLFK VSHFLHV >Apionsoma A. misakianum Phascolosoma P scolops, Aspidosiphon A mexicanus and A. A elegans@ KDYH EHFRPH HVWDEOLVKHG LQ WKH UHJLRQ DQG VSHFLHV >Apionsoma A trichocephalus and Phascolion P convestitum@ are FDVXDO dLQDUet al., =HQHWRVet al., 7KUHHDOLHQVSHFLHV>A. A. misakianumA. A mexicanus and A. A elegans@ ZHUH IRXQG on Posidonia oceanica LQ WKH 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ coast RI Turkey $oLN D DQG RQH VSHFLHV >P. P scolops@LQWKH&\SULRW coast $oLN et al., Aspidosiphon A. elegans, ZKLFK LV D ELR-eroder VSHFLHVPLJKWSRVHDULVNWRWKHHURVLRQRIOLPHVWRQHLQVKDOORZZDWHUV $oLN b :KHQ LW DWWDLQV to D KLJK SRSXODWLRQ GHQVLW\ LQ WKH DUHD LW PD\ FDXVH serious damage to calcareous structures.

References

$oLN66RIWERWWRPVLSXQFXODQVLQ,OGÕUDQG*HUHQFH%D\V $HJHDQ6HD Rapp. Comm. int. Mer. Medit. $oLN6D6LSXQFXODQVDORQJWKH$HJHDQFRDVWRI7XUNH\. Zootaxa 21- $oLN 6 E OccuUUHQFH RI WKH DOLHQ VSHFLHV Aspidosiphon Aspidosiphon elegans 6LSXQFXOD RQ WKH /HYDQWLQH DQG $HJHDQ FRDVWV RI 7XUNH\ Turk. J. Zool. - $oLN 6 6RIW ERWWRP VLSXQFXODQV LQ ,]PLU %D\ $HJHDQ 6HD HDVWHUQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ Zootaxa- $oLN6D6LSXQFXODQIDXQDLQWKH)HWKL\H-*|oHN6SHFLDOO\3URWHFWHG$UHD (DVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQ). Med. Mar. Sci - $oLN6E.XúDGDVÕ.|UIH]L QGH (JH'HQL]L GD÷ÕOÕPJ|VWHUHQ6LSXQFXOD WUOHUL. Ege Univ. Su Ürünleri Der. - $oLN 6 6LSXQFXOD IURP WKH VRXWKHUQ FRDVW RI 7XUNH\ HDVWHUQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ ZLWKDQHZUHSRUWIRUWKH0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HDCah. Biol. Mar., 52: 313-329. $oLN 6 0XULQD *99 dLQDU 0( (UJHQ = 6LSXQFXODQV IURP WKH FRDVWRI1RUWKHUQ&\SUXVZootaxa: 1-23. %HGLQL 5 3HUWXVDWL 0 %DWLVWLQL ) 3LD]]L / 6SDWLDO DQG WHPSRUDO YDULDWLRQ RI PRWLOH PDFUR-LQYHUWHEUDWH DVVHPEODJHV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK Posidonia oceanica PHDGRZVActa Adriat - %RVWU|P & -DFNVRQ (/ 6LPHQVWDG &$ 6HDJUDVV ODQGVFDSHV DQG WKHLUHIIHFWVRQDVVRFLDWHG IDXQD $UHYLHZEst. Coast. Shelf Sci 383- BoudouUHVTXH &) %HUQDUG * %RQKRPPH 3 3UpVHUYDWLRQ HW FRQVHUYDWLRQGHVKHUELHUVjPosidonia oceanica. $FFRUG5D0R*H3XEO 0DUVHLOOH)UDQFHSS &XWOHU (% 7KH 6LSXQFXOD 7KHLU V\VWHPDWLFV ELRORJ\ DQG HYROXWLRQ. &RPVWRFN3XEOLVKLQJ$VVRFLDWHV,WKDFDSS

&XWOHU (% &XWOHU 1- $ UHYLVLRQ RI WKH JHQXV Aspidosiphon 6LSXQFXOD$VSLGRVLSKRQLGDH Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash: - &XWOHU (% &XWOHU 1- 6LSXQFXOD IURP WKH ,QGLDQ 2FHDQ DQG 1HZ Caledonia. Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Nat.3DULVe VpULH- &XWOHU(%6FKXO]H$'HDQ+.7KH6LSXQFXODRIVXEOLWWRUDO1HZ =HDODQGZLWKDNH\WRDOO1HZ=HDODQGVSHFLHV. Zootaxa-19. dLQDU0(%LOHFHQR÷OX0g]WUN%.DWD÷DQ7Plant-DQLPDO WURSKLF UHODWLRQVKLSV LQ WKH Posidonia oceanica HFRV\VWHP RI 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ 6HD D UHYLHZ ,Q Plant-DQLPDOLQWHUDFWLRQVLQWKHPDULQHEHQWKRV6\VWHPDWLFDVVRFLDWLRQ VSHFLDOYROXPH (G'0-RKQ6-+DZNLQV -+3ULFH &ODUHQGRQ SUHVV2[IRUGSS-187. 0HLQHV]$&LULN6$NFDOL%-DYHO)0LJOLDFFLR07KLEDXW7<NVHN $ 3URFDFFLQL * Posidonia oceanica LQWKH0DUPDUD6HD Aquatic Botany: 18-22. 0XULQD*996¡UHQVHQ-0DULQHZRUPVRI WKHSK\OXP6LSXQFXODLQ )DURHVHZDWHUVFròðskaparrit-291. 2UWK5-+HFN-59DQ0RQWIUDQV-)DXQDOFRPPXQLWLHVLQVHDJUDVV EHGDUHYLHZRIWKHLQIOXHQFHRISODQWVWUXFWXUHDQGSUH\FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RQSUHGDWRU-SUH\UHODWLRQVKLSVEstuaries- Pancucci-3DSDGRSRXORX0$0XULQD*99=HQHWRV$7KHSK\OXP 6LSXQFXODLQWKH0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HD0RQRJUDSKVRQ0DULQH6FLHQFH 2: 1- 6DL] 6DOLQDV -, /RV *XVDQRV 6LSXQFXOLGRV 6LSXQFXOD GH ORV IRQGRV litoraOHV \ FLUFDOLWRUDOHV GH ODV FRVWDV GH OD 3HQLQVXOD ,EHULFD ,VODV %DOHDUHV&DQDULDV\0DUHV$G\DFHQWHV0RQRJU,QVW(VS2FHDQRJU 1: 1- 6DL]6DOLQDV-,D6LSXQFXODIURP5pXQLRQ,VODQG ,QGLDQ2FHDQ J. Nat. Hist-555. 6DL]6DOLQDV-,E6LSXQFXOD,Q)DXQD,EpULFDYRO 0$5DPRVHG 0DGULG0XVHR1DFLRQDOGH&LHQFLDV1DWXUDOHVSS 6DL] 6DOLQDV -, 9LOODIUDQFD 8UFKHJXL / 6LSXQFXOD IURP WKH $OERUDQ Sea and Ibero-0RURFFDQ%D\. J. Nat. Hist-1177. 6R\HU - %LRQRPLH EHQWKLTXH GX SODWHDX FRQWLQHQWDO GH OD FRWH FDWDODQD )UDQoDLVH ,,, /HV SHXSOHPHQWV GH &RSHSRGHV +DUSDFWLFRLGHV &UXVWDFHD Vie Milieu-511. 6WRQHU$:7KHUROHRIVHDJUDVVELRPDVVLQWKHRUJDQL]DWLRQRIEHQWKLF PDFURIDXQDODVVHPEODJHVBull. Mar. Sci-551. :HVHQEHUJ-/XQG ( 6LSXQFXORLGHD IURP WKH FRDVW RI ,VUDHO Bull. Res. Coun. Isr., %- =HQHWRV $ *RIDV 6 9HUODTXH 0 dLQDU 0( *DUFuD 5DVR -( %LDQFKL &1 0RUUL & $]]XUUR ( %LOHFHQRJOX 0 )URJOLD & 6LRNRX , 9LRODQWL ' 6IULVR $ 6DQ 0DUWuQ * *LDQJUDQGH $ .DWDJDQ 7 %DOOHVWHURV(5DPRV-(VSOi$0DVWURWRWDUR)2FDQD2=LQJRQH $ *DPEL 0& 6WUHIWDULV 1 $OLHQ VSHFLHV LQ WKH

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Introduction

+DELWDWV KDYH LPSRUWDQW HFRORJLFDO UROHV IRU ILVKHV DQG VHUYH DV VSDZQLQJ QXUVHU\ DQG IHHGLQJ JURXQGV ,Q PDQ\ SDUWV RI WKH ZRUOG WKH ILVK DVVHPEODJHVLQKDELWLQJVHDJUDVVEHGVDUHPRUHGLYHUVHDQGDEXQGDQWWKDQWKRVH LQKDELWLQJEDUHVXEVWUDWD e.g. Bell et al.%HOO and 3ROODUG)HUUHOO and %HOO5XL]et al.&RQQROO\DE*XLGHWWL*XLGHWWL and %XVRWWL%HOOet al.0RUDQet al. 6HYHUDO DXWKRUV KDYH K\SRWKHVLVHG WKDW WKH VWUXFWXUDO FRPSOH[LW\ DQG SURGXFWLYLW\ RI VHDJUDVV beds FRXOG H[SODLQ WKHVH GLIIHUHQFHV ZLWK VHDJUDVV SURYLGLQJ VKHOWHU IURP SUHGDWRUV DQG DEXQGDQW IRRG $GDPV a 2UWK and +HFN %HOO and :HVWRE\ D E; Bell and 3ROODUG *XLGHWWL and %XVVRWWL 6HDJUDVV PDLQO\ VXSSRUW VPDOO VSHFLHV LQKDELWLQJ FU\SWLF KDELWDWVMXYHQLOHVWDJHVRIVSHFLHVWKDWLQKDELWRWKHUKDELWDWDVDGXOWV LQFOXGLQJ many FRPPHUFLDOO\ LPSRUWDQW VSHFLHV DQG VRPH DGXOWV RI ODUJH PRELOHILVK %HOOand +DUPHOLQ-9LYLHQ%ODEHUet al)UDQFRXU*XLGHWWL and %XVVRWWL 2QWKH RWKHUKDQGDGXOWVRIODUJH PRELOHILVKRUVSHFLHV JDLQLQJ SURWHFWLRQ WKURXJK VFKRROLQJ RU E\ FDPRXIODJH DJDLQVW VHGLPHQWV DUH W\SLFDOO\PRVWDEXQGDQWRQEDUHKDELWDWV %HOOand 3ROODUG )LVK DVVHPEODJHV RI Posidonia oceanica EHGV LQ WKH ZHVWHUQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HDKDYHEHHQVWXGLHG%XWLQIRUPDWLRQLVVFDUFHIRUWKHHDVWHUQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ ZKHUH PRVW ZRUNV RQ OLWWRUDO ILVKHV UHODWHV WR URFN\ DUHDV *XLGHWWL +DUPHOLQ-9LYLHQ et al 7KH FRDVWDO ZDWHU DURXQG *|NoHDGD,VODQGLVDQLPSRUWDQWDUHDZLWKGLIIHUHQWKDELWDWW\SHVIRUUHVLGHQWDQG WHPSRUDU\ ILVK VSHFLHV 7KLV VWXG\ DLPHG WR LQYHVWLJDWH WKH ILVK FRPPXQLW\ structure in P. oceanica DQGURFN\DQGEDUHKDELWDWVDURXQG*|NoHDGD,VODQG

Materials and Methods

Study area

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Sampling

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Results and Discussion

6HYHQW\ VSHFLHV EHORQJLQJ WR IDPLOLHV ZHUH FROOHFWHG DURXQG *|NoHDGD ,VODQG ZLWK VSHFLHV FROOHFWHG IURP Posidonia oceanica EHG VSHFLHVIURPVDQG\KDELWDWDQGVSHFLHVIURPURFN\DUHDV 7DEOH 6SHFLHV ULFKQHVVZDVKLJKHULQVHDJUDVVPHDGRZWKDQLQURFN\DQGVDQG\KDELWDWV 7KH KLJKHVWVSHFLHVQXPEHUZDVGHWHUPLQHGLQWKH 6SDULGDHand Labridae IDPLOLHV E.encrasicouls, S. cabrilla, M. surmuletus, D. annularis, P. acarne, P. erythrinus, C. julis, S. ocellatus, G. cobitis, G.niger, A. sphynx, L. aurata, A. boyeri, A. hepsetus, S. notata, S.porcus, C. lucernus ZHUH FRPPRQ VSHFLHV FROOHFWHGIURPDOOKDELWDWW\SHV DURXQG*|NoHDGD,VODQG. :LWKUHJDUGWRQHFWR- EHQWKLF ILVK VSHFLHV S. ocellatus S. salpa and D. vulgaris ZHUH W\SLFDO QHFWR- EHQWKLFVSHFLHVOLYLQJLQP. oceanica seagrass PHDGRZV DQGURFN\DUHDVLQWKH 0HGLWHUUDQHDQFRDVWDOZDWHUV Bell and +DUPHOLQ-9LYLHQ)UDQFRXU Guidetti and %XVVRWWL.HVNLQDQGhQVDO 7KH QXPEHU RI ILVK VSHFLHV GLYHUVLW\ LQGLFHV )LJXUH and total abundanFH ZHUH KLJKHU LQ VHDJUDVV PHDGRZV WKDQ LQ VDQG\ KDELWDW ZKHQ GLVUHJDUGLQJRSHQZDWHUVSHFLHV e.g. A. hepsetusO. labeo and L. aurata ZKLFK UHSUHVHQWHG WKH PDMRULW\ RI ILVK FROOHFWHG LQ DOO KDELWDWV WKH DEXQGDQFH RI WKH necto-EHQWKLFVSHFLHVZDVJUHDWer in seagrass beds WKDQLQVDQG\KDELWDW0DQ\ UHVHDUFKHUVKDYHVXJJHVWHGWKDWWKHFRPSOH[VWUXFWXUHRIWKHVHDJUDVVPHDGRZV SURYLGHIRRGDQGVKHOWHUIURPSUHGDWRUVIRUUHVLGHQWDQGWHPSRUDU\VSHFLHV e.g. 2UWKDQG+HFN%HOOet al.%HOODQG3ROODUG)HUUHOODQG%HOO &RQQROO\ D (GJDU DQG 6KDZ D $V PHQWLRQHG E\ VHYHUDO DXWKRUV *XLGHWWL DQG %XVVRWWL *XLGHWWL DQG %XVVRWWL WKHVHVPDOO RSHQ-ZDWHUVSHFLHVXVHVHDJUDVVPHDGRZDVDUHIXJHGXULQJWKHQLJKWWRHVFDSH SUHGDWRUVQRGLIIHUHQFHLVREVHUYHGEHWZHHQKDELWDWVGXULQJWKHGD\WLPH 2QWKH RWKHUKDQG1ecto-EHQWKLFVSHFLHVVXFKDV S. ocellatus and S. cinereus /DEULGDH H[KLELWHG D FOHDU SUHIHUHQFH IRU WKH VHDJUDVV beds,QWKH0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HD Labridae LV WKH GRPLQDQW IDPLO\ LQ Posidonia oceanica PHDGRZV )UDQFRXU DQG LQ Cymodocea nodosa and Zostera noltii PHDGRZV *XLGHWWL and %XVVRWWL ,QPosidonia oceanica PHDGRZWZRIDFWRUVDUHRIWHQSURSRVHG WR H[SODLQ WKH SUHVHQFH RI ZDQGHULQJ DGXOW LQGLYLGXDOV WKH ODUJHVW UDQJH RI EDWK\PHWULF GLVWULEXWLRQ DQG WKH SUR[LPLW\ RI URFN\ DUHDV %HOO and +DUPHOLQ- 9LYLHQ)UDQFRXU ,QP. oceanicaWKHPHDGRZVH[WHQGIURP WKHVXUIDFHWRPGHSWKDQGWKHILVKDVVHPEODJHVDUHTXLWHGLIIHUHQWEHWZHHQ VKDOORZ DQG GHHS ZDWHUV )UDQFRXU /DEULGDH Symphodus tinca DQG 6SDULGDH Diplodus annularisSarpa salpa PRYHWRVKDOORZZDWHU S. tincaD. annularis RU WR GHHS ZDWHU S. salpa WR UHSURGXFH VHH )UDQFRXU DQG UHIHUHQFHV FLWHG WKHUHLQ 2QWKHRWKHUKDQGODUJHSUHGDWRUVVXFKDV Dicentrarchus labrax and Diplodus sargus PRYHIURPQHLJKERXULQJURFN\DUHD WRPHDGRZWRIHHG ,QWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\PRVWRIVSHFLHVZHUHFDXJKWLQWKHDOOKDELWDWV )HUUHOO and %HOO VXJJHVWHG WKDW WKH GLIIHUHQFHV LQ WKH ILVK DVVHPEODJHV EHWZHHQ VHDJUDVV DQG XQYHJHWDWHG KDELWDW FDQ DOVR GHSHQG RQ KRZIDU XQYHJHWDWHG VLWHV DUH IURP HHOJUDVV $URXQG WKH LVODQG PRVW RIWKHVHDJUDVV PHDGRZV DUHFORVHO\LQWHUVSHUVHGZLWKVDQG\SDWFKHVDQGURFN\DUHDV 7KLVKLJK

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Table 1. 1XPEHURIVSHFLPHQV 1 RIHDFKVSHFLHVLQWKHWKUHHGLIIHUHQWKDELWDWVDQGQXPEHURIILVK VSHFLHVVDPSOHGLQHDFKRIWKHWKUHHKDELWDWVDURXQG*|NoHDGD,VODQG5'UHODWLYHDEXQGDQFH3' Presence degree; A: mean abundance

Posidonia oceanica Rock Bare sand meadows N RA N RA N RA N RA PD A Engraulis encrasicolus . 12 .18 5 . 21 . 3 7. Belone belone - - - - 1 . 1 . 1 1. Nerophis ophidion . - - 2 . 8 . 2 . Syngnathus acus .35 - - - - . 1 . Syngnathus thple . - - - - . 1 . Antonogadus megalokynodon 7 . - - - - 7 . 1 7. Gaidropsarus mediterraneus 2 . - - - - 2 . 1 2. Phycis phycis - 3 . 1 . . 2 2. Serranus cabrilla .78 29 . . 87 .27 3 29. Serranus hepatus 3 . - - - 3 . 1 3. Serranus scriba 8 .12 2 . - - . 2 5. Pomatomus saltator - - - - 1 . 1 . 1 1. Lichia amia - - - - . . 1 . Trachurus trachurus 1 . - - 2 . 3 . 2 1.5 Sciaena umbra . 3 . - 9 . 2 .5 Mullus barbatus 3 . - - .11 23 . 2 11.5 Mullus surmuletus 18 . 75 1.13 .77 233 . 3 77.7 Boops boops 125 1.81 1.51 - - 225 .71 2 112.5 Dentex dendex - 1 . 2 . 3 . 2 1.5 Diolodus sargus . .21 - - 59 .19 2 29.5 Diplodus annularis 251 3. 2.18 . 1.39 3 .3 Diplodus puntazzo 2. 173 2. - - 1. 2 .5 Diplodus vulgaris . .85 18 . 5.57 3 588.7 Lithognathus mormyrus - - - 22 .12 22 . 1 22. Oblada melanura 1. 59 .89 . .52 3 55. Pagellus acarne .35 53 . .25 122 .38 3 .7 Pagellus erythrinus 38 .55 .51 7 . 79 .25 3 .3 Sarpa salpa 12. 791 11.92 782 .31 7.58 3 . Sparus aurata 2 . - - - - 2 . 1 2. Spondyliosoma cantharus . - - - - . 1 . Spicara maena 12 .17 . - - 53 .17 2 .5 Spicara smaris - - 2 . - - 2 . 1 2. Chromis chromis 1.39 328 . - - 1. 2 212. Coris julis 2. 1.55 1 . 272 . 3 .7 Symphodus cinereus 359 5. 125 1.88 . 1. 3 .7 Symphodus mediterraneus .59 12 .18 - - 53 .17 2 .5

Symphodus ocellatus 28.35 1157 17. 21 .12 9.89 3 .7 Symphodus roissali 78 1.13 . - - .32 2 51. Symphodus rostratus 32 . - - - - 32 . 1 32. Symphodus tinca .71 15 .23 - - . 2 32. Trachinus draco - - - - 7 . 7 . 1 7. Uranoscopus scaber - - 3 . .27 52 . 2 . Gobius bucchichi - - 21 .32 .57 125 .39 2 .5 Gobius cobitis 1 . . 119 . . 3 . Gobius geniporus - - 3 . 38 .21 .13 2 .5 Gobius niger 1 . 15 .23 182 1. 198 . 3 . Pomatoschistus marmoratus - - 22 .33 92 .51 . 2 57. Zosterisessor ophiocephalus - - .15 278 1.53 288 .91 2 . Aidablennius sphynx . 19 .29 2 . . 3 21. Lipophrys pavo . 25 .38 - - 73 .23 2 .5 Parablennius incognitus .23 7 .11 - - 23 . 2 11.5 Parablennius sanguinolentus .35 13 . - - 37 .12 2 18.5 Parablennius tentacularis .91 .51 - - 97 .31 2 .5 Sphyraena sphyraena - - - - 3 . 3 . 1 3. Callionymus pusillus 1 . - - - - 1 . 1 1. Chelon labrosus - - - - .79 . 1 . Liza aurata 1. 37 . 2.73 1.93 3 . Liza ramada - - - - . .55 1 . Liza saliens 3 . - - 1. 239 .75 2 119.5 Oedalechilus labeo - - - - 3. 2. 1 . Atherina boyeri . 57 . 87 . .59 3 . Atherina hepsetus . . 78. 17582 55. 3 .7 Scorpaena notata 3 . 1 . 1 . 5 . 3 1.7 Scorpaena porcus 9 .13 . . 95 . 3 31.7 Chelidonichthys lucerna 3 . . 2 . 11 . 3 3.7 Arnoglossus laterna - - - - 3 . 3 . 1 3. Arnoglossus thori - - - - . . 1 . Bothus podas podas - - - - 9 . 9 . 1 9. Pegusa impar - - - - 2 . 2 . 1 2. Diplagogaster bimaculata 1 . - - - - 1 . 1 1.

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Table 2. /LVWRIWKHHFRQRPLFDOO\PRVWLPSRUWDQWILVKVSHFLHVUHFRUGHGLQWKHDOOKDELWDWV11XPEHU RI VSHFLPHQV & GRPLQDQF\ RI VSHFLHV E\ WKH WRWDO QXPEHU RI FRPPHUFLDO VSHFLPHQV : GRPLQDQF\RIVSHFLHVE\WKHWRWDOQXPEHURIZKROHVSHFLPHQV Families Commercial species N C% W% Engraulidae Engraulis encrasicolus 21 . . Belonidae Belone belone 1 . . Gadidae Gaidropsarus 2 . . Phycisdi phycis . . Serranidae Serranus cabrilla 87 . .27 Serranus hepatus 3 . . Serranus scriba . . Pomatomidae Pomatomus saltator 1 . . Carangidae Lichia amia 1. . Trachurus trachurus 3 . .

Sciaenidae Sciaena umbra 9 . . 0XOOLGDH Mullus barbatus 23 . . Mullus surmuletus 233 . . 6SDULGDH Boops boops 225 .87 .71 Dentex dendex 3 . . Diolodus sargus 59 .23 .19 Diplodus annularis 1. 1.39 Diplodus puntazzo 1.32 1. Diplodus vulgaris .83 5.57 Lithognathus mormyrus 22 . . Oblada melanura . .52 Pagellus acarne 122 . .38 Pagellus erythrinus 79 .31 .25 Sarpa salpa 9.29 7.58 Sparus aurata 2 . . Spondyliosoma cantharus . . &HQWUDFDQWKLGDH Spicara maena 53 . .17 Spicara smaris 2 . . 8UDQRVFRSLGDH Uranoscopus scaber 52 . . 6SK\UDHQLGDH Sphyraena sphyraena 3 . . 0XJLOLGDH Chelon labrosus . . Liza aurata 2.37 1.93 Liza ramada . .55 Liza saliens 239 .92 .75 Oedalechilus labeo 2.57 2. $WKHULQLGDH Atherina boyeri .72 .59 Atherina hepsetus 1758 .9 55. ScorSDHQLGDH Scorpaena notata 52 9. 8. Scorpaena porcus 95 .37 . Triglidae Chelidonichthys lucerna 11 . . Soleidae Pegusa impar 2 . . 7RWDO LQGLYLGXDO QXPEHU RI FRPPHUFLDO 81. 7RWDOLQGLYLGXDOQXPEHURIZKROHVSHi cies 1 1XPEHURIFRPPHUFLDOVSHFLHV 3 1XPEHURIZKROHVSHFLHV

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References

Adams 60 a. 7KH HFRORJ\ RI HHOJUDVV Zostera marina / ILVK communities. I. Structural Analysis. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol–291. $GDPV 60 E 7KH HFRORJ\ RI HHOJUDVV Zostera marina / ILVK FRPPXQLWLHV ,, )XQFWLRQDO DQDO\VLV J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 22: 293– 311.

%HOO -' +DUPHOLQ-9LYLHQ 0/ )LVK IDXQD RI )UHQFK 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ Posidonia oceanica VHDJUDVVPHDGRZV&RPPXQLW\VWUXFWXUHTethys - %HOO -' 3ROODUG '$ (FRORJ\ RI ILVK DVVHPEODJHV DQG ILVKHULHV DVVRFLDWHGZLWKVHDJUDVVIn/DUFXP$:'0F&RPE$-6KHSKHUG6 HGV %LRORJ\ RI VHDJUDVVHV D WUHDWLVH RQ WKH ELRORJ\ RI VHDJUDVV ZLWK VSHFLDOUHIHUHQFHWRWKH$XVWUDOLDQUHJLRQ(OVHYLHU$PVWHUGDPSS- %HOO -' 6WHIIH $6 :HVWRE\ 0 /RFDWLRQ RI VHDJUDVV EHGV LQ HVWXDULHVHIIHFWVRQDVVRFLDWHGILVKDQGGHFDSRGVJ. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 122: 127– %HOO-':HVWRE\0 a. ,PSRUWDQFHRIORFDOFKDQJHVLQOHDIKHLJKWDQG GHQVLW\WRILVKDQGGHFDSRGVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKVHDJUDVVJ. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. – %HOO-':HVWRE\0 E 9DULDWLRQLQVHDJUDVVKHLJKWDQGGHQVLW\RYHUD ZLGHVSDWLDOVFDOHRQFRPPRQILVKDQGGHFDSRGVJ. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. –295. %HOO66%URRNV5$5REELQV%')RQVHFD06+DOO02 )DXQDO UHVSRQVHWRIUDJPHQWDWLRQLQVHDJUDVVKDELWDWVLPSOLFDWLRQVIRUVHDJUDVV FRQVHUYDWLRQBiological Conservation –123. %ODEHU6-0%UHZHU'76DOLQL-3.HUU-'&RQDFKHU& 6SHcies FRPSRVLWLRQ DQG ELRPDVVHV RI ILVKHV LQ 7URSLFDO 6DHJUDVV DW *URRWH (\ODQGW 1RUWKHUQ $XVWUDOLD Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 35: – &RQQROO\ 50 a. $FRPSDULVRQRIILVKDVVHPEODJHVIURPVHDJUDVVDQG XQYHJHWDWHG DUHDV RI D 6RXWKHUQ Australian Estuary. Aust. J. Mar. Freswater Res. – &RQQROO\50 E5HPRYDORIVHDJUDVVFDQRS\HIIHFWVRQVPDOOILVKDQG WKHLUSUH\J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. – (GJDU *- 6KDZ & D 7KH SURGXFWLRQ DQG WURSKLF HFRORJ\ RI VKDOORZ- ZDWHU ILVK DVVHPEODJHV LQ VRXWKHUQ $XVWUDOLD , 6SHFLHV ULFKQHVV VL]H- structure and SURGXFWLRQRIILVKHVLQ:HVWHUQ3RUW9LFWRULDJ. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. –81. (GJDU *- 6KDZ & E 7KH SURGXFWLRQ DQG WURSKLF HFRORJ\ RI VKDOORZ- ZDWHU ILVKDVVHPEODJHVLQVRXWKHUQ$XVWUDOLD,,GLHWVRIILVKHVDQG WURSKLFUHODWLRQV EHWZHHQILVKHVDQGEHQWKRVDW:HVWHUQ3RUW9LFWRULDJ. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 83– )HUUHOO'-%HOO-' 1991'LIIHUHQFHVDPRQJDVVHPEODJHVRIILVKDVVRFiated ZLWK Zostera capricorni DQG EDUH VDQG RYHU D ODUJH VSDWLDO VFDOH Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 72: 15– )UDQFRXU3 3OXULDQQXDODQDO\VLVRIWKHUHVHUYHHIIHFWRQILVKFRPPXQLW\ LQ WKH 6FDQGROD QDWXUDO UHVHUYH &RUVLFD 1RUWKZHVWHUQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ Oceanologica Acta –317. )UDQFRXU3 )LVKDVVHPEODJHVRIPosidonia oceanica beds at Port-Cros )UDQFH1:0HGLWHUUDQHDQ $VVHVVPHQWRIFRPSRVLWLRQDQG/RQJ-Term IOXFWXDWLRQVE\YLVXDOFHQVXV. P.Z.S.N. Marine Ecology 18: 157–173.

151

Guidetti P. %XVVRWWL 6 (IIHFWV RI VHDJUDVV FDQRS\ UHPRYDO RQ ILVKLQ VKDOORZ0HGLWHUUDQHDQVHDJUDVV Cymodocea nodosa and Zostera noltii PHDGRZVDORFDO- VFDOHDSSURDFKMarine Biology- *XLGHWWL 3 'LIIHUHQFHV DPRQJ ILVK DVVHPEODJHV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK QHDUVKRUH Posidonia oceanica VHDJUDVV EHGV URFN\-DOJDO UHHIV DQG XQYHJHWDWHG VDQG KDELWDWV LQ WKH $GULDWLF 6HD Estuarine, coastal and Shelf Science -529. *XLGHWWL 3 %XVVRWWL 6 -XYHQLOHV RI OLWWRUDO ILVK VSHFLHV LQ VKDOORZ seagrass beds: Preliminary quail-TXDQWLWDWLYH GDWD Biol. Mar. Medit. 5: – *XLGHWWL3%XVVRWWL6 )LVKIDXQDRIDPL[HGPHDGRZFRPSRVHGE\WKH seagrass Cymodocea nodosa YH Zostera noltii LQ WKH ZHVWHUQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQOceanologica Acta – +DUPHOLQ-9LYLHQ 0 / %LWDU * +DUPHOLQ --* 0RQHVWLH] 3 7KH OLWWRUDO ILVK FRPPXQLW\ RI WKH /HEDQHVH URFN\ FRDVW HDVWHUQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ 6HD ZLWK HPSKDVLV RQ 5HG 6HD LPPLJUDQWV Biological Invasions – .HVNLQ & hQVDO 1 7KH )LVKIDXQD RI *RNFHDGD ,VODQG 1( $HJHDQ 6HD7XUNH\Ital. J. Zool6XSSO- .LNXFKL 7 -DSDQHVH FRQWULEXWLRQV RQ FRQVXPHU HFRORJ\ LQ HHOJUDVV Zostera marina / EHGVZLWKVSHFLDOUHIHUHQFHWRWURSKLFUHODWLRQVKLSV anGUHVRXUFHVLQLQVKRUHILVKHULHVAquaculture – .RXUDIDORX 9+ %DUERSRXORV . +LJK UHVROXWLRQ VLPXODWLRQV RQ WKH 1RUWK $HJHDQ 6HD VHDVRQDO FLUFXODWLRQ Annales Geophysicae – 0RUDQ60-HQNLQV*3.HRXJK0-+LQGHOO J.S. 5ROHRISK\VLFDO GLVWXUEDQFH LQ VWUXFWXULQJ ILVK DVVHPEODJHV LQ VHDJUDVV EHGV LQ3RUW 3KLOOLS%D\$XVWUDOLDMar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 251: 127–139. 2GXP(3)XQGDPHQWDOVRI(FRORJ\rd HGLWLRQ,6%1-7219-- Saunder Colloge PublLVKLQJ3KLODGHOSKLD 2UWK 5- +HFN . / -U 6WUXFWXUDO FRPSRQHQWV RI HHOJUDVV Zostera marina PHDGRZV LQ WKH /RZHU &KHVDSHDNH %D\- )LVKHV1. Estuaries 3: 278–288. 3D]L, :DWHUPDVVSURSHUWLHVDQGFKHPLFDOFKDUDFWHULVWLFVLQWKH6DURV *XOI1RUWKHDVW$HJHDQ6HD (DVWHUQ0HGLWHUUDQHDQ Journal of Marine Systems – 5XL]*0+LQHV$+3RVH\0+ 6KDOORZZDWHUDVDUHIXJHKDELWDWV IRU ILVK DQG FUXVWDFHDQV LQ QRQ-YHJHWDWHG HVWXDULHV DQ H[DPSOH IURP &KHVDSHDNH%D\Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 99: 1– 7KHRFKDULV $ *HRUJRSRXORV ' 1993. 'HQVH ZDWHU IRUPDWLRQ RYHU WKH 6DPRWKUDNL DQG /LPQRVSODWHDX[LQWKH1RUWK$HJHDQ6HD (DVWHUQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HD Continental Shelf Research –939.

152

Importance of Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile WRWKHHFRORJical evaluation of marine waters

(UJQ7$ù.,1, Mehmet ÖZTÜRK

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Abstract

0DFURDOJDH DQG DQJLRVSHUPV DUH SURSRVHG DV ELRORJLFDO HOHPHQWV WR PHDVXUHWKHHFRORJLFDOVWDWXVRIFRDVWDOZDWHUVDQGWUDQVLWLRQDOV\VWHPV E\(8 :DWHU)UDPHZRUN'LUHFWLYH :)'(& . Posidonia oceanica is a YHU\ LPSRUWDQW VSHFLHV in tKH 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ HFR-region. ,Q WKLV SDSHU VRPH PDFURSK\WH indices and iPSRUWDQFH RI Posidonia oceanica WR WKH ecological HYDOXDWLRQRIPDULQHZDWHUV DUHHYDOXDWHG

Introduction

/DWHO\ PDULQH HFRV\VWHPV DUH XQGHU GDQJHURXV E\ DQWKURSRJHQLF SROOXWLRQ (XURSHDQ 8QLRQ ZDV WKH GHFODUDWLRQ RI (8 :DWHU )UDPHZRUN 'LUHFWLYH :)' (& WR DVVHVV WKH HFRORJLFDO VWDWXV RI DTXDWLF HQYLURQPHQWVRI0HPEHU6WDWHV7KHILUVWVWHSZDVWRGHILQHZDWHUW\SRORJLHV UHIHUHQFH DUHDV DQG FODVVLILFDWLRQ V\VWHPV 6IULVR DQG )DFFD 7KH HFRORJLFDO VWDWXV FKHPLFDO DQG ELRORJLFDO RI WKH DTXDWLF HQYLURQPHQWV DUH claVVLILHG XQGHU ILYH FDWHJRULHV bDG SRRU mRGHUDWH gRRG KLJK )LJXUH %HQWKLFLQYHUWHEUDWHVSK\WRSODQNWRQPDFURDOJDHDQGDQJLRVSHUPVDUHSURSRVHG DV ELRORJLFDO HOHPHQWV WR PHDVXUH WKH HFRORJLFDO VWDWXV RI FRDVWDO ZDWHUV DQG transitional systems by (8:DWHU)UDPHZRUN'LUHFWLYH $ IHZ PDFURSK\WH LQGLFHV ZHUH SURSRVHG E\ VRPH UHVHDUFKHUV Posidonia oceanica PXOWLYDULDWH LQGH[ 320, &DUWRJUDSK\ RI /LWWRUDO DQG XSSHUVXEOLWWRUDO URFN\-VKRUH FRPPXQLWLHV &$5/,7 (FRORJLFDO (YDOXDWLRQ ,QGH[ ((, DQG 0DFURSK\WH 4XDOLW\ ,QGH[ 0D4, 2UIDQLGLV et al Ballesteros et al5RPHURet al6IULVRet al 5HFHQWO\WZR LQGLFHV>&$5/,7DQG(FRORJLFDO(YDOXDWLRQ,QGH[ ((, @KDYHEHHQ LQWHUFDOLEUDWHGE\0('*,* ,QWKHSUHVHQWSDSHUsome PDFURSK\WH indices and iPSRUWDQFH RI Posidonia oceanica WRWKH HFRORJLFDOHYDOXDWLRQRIPDULQHZDWHUV DUHHYDOXDWHG

153

(FRORJLFDO4XDOLW\&DWHJRULHV Class Boundaries

BAD 0-0,20

POOR 0,21-

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Results and Discussion

Posidonia oceanica is DQHQGHPLFVSHFLHVRI WKH0HGLWHUUDQHDQ6HDand distributed EHWZHHQVXUIDFHWRPGHSWKLQWKHFOHDUHVWZDWHUV>0DOWD)UDQFH 9DU &RUVLFD @ Gobert et al. 6RPH LQGLFHV VHW XS RQ Posidonia oceanica: 3RV:DUH V\VWHPIRUFRDVWDOZDWHUFODVVLILFDWLRQ DFFRUGLQJWR:)' Buia et al. 320, P. oceanica PXOWLYDULDWH LQGH[ 9DOHFLDQ &6 )HUQDQGH] 7RUTXHPDGD et al. %,3R %LRWLF LQGH[ XVLQJ P. oceanica /RSH] \ 5R\R DQG 35(, P. oceanica 5DSLG (DV\ ,QGH[ *REHUWet al. P. oceanica PXOWLYDULDWH LQGH[ 320, LV EDVHG RQ WKH FRPELQDWLRQ WKURXJK SULQFLSDO FRPSRQHQW DQDO\VLV RI SK\VLRORJLFDO PRUSKRORJLFDO VWUXFWXUDO DQG FRPPXQLW\ OHYHO 5RPHUR et al . %,3R DQG 35(, DUH WKH HDVLHVW EHFDXVH WKH\ ERWK UHTXLUH WKH GHWHUPLQDWLRQ RI WKH ORZHVW QXPEHUV RI SDUDPHWHUV 6IULVR DQG )DFFD 7KH 35(, LV EDVHG RQ ILYH PHWULFV VKRRW GHQVLW\ VKRRW VXUIDFH (/ UDWLR EHWZHHQ HSLSK\WLF ELRPDVV DQG OHDYHELRPDVV PHDVXUHGRQVKRRWVVDPSOHGDWWKHVDPHGHSWK GHSWKRIWKH ORZHUOLPLWDQG W\SHRIWKLVOLPLW UHJUHVVLYHSURJUHVVLYHRUVWDEOH Gobert et al. +RZHYHUWKLVLQGH[LVQRWDGYDQWDJHEHFDXVHRIOHDIFRXQWLQJVXUIDFH DUHD PHDVXUHPHQW DQG HSLSK\WLF ELRPDVVOHDI ELRPDVV UDWLR GHWHUPLQDWLRQ LQ ODERUDWRU\LVYHU\WLPH-FRQVXPLQJDQGH[SHQVLYH 6IULVRDQG)DFFD 2UIDQLGLVet al SURSRVHGDQHZPDFURSK\WHLQGH[WRDVVHVVWKH HFRORJLFDO VWDWXV RI FRDVWDO DQG WUDQVLWLRQDO ZDWHUV LQ WKH 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ 6HD 0DULQH EHQWKLF PDFURSK\WHV PDFURDOJDH DQG DQJLRVSHUPV ZHUH XVHG DV ELRLQGLFDWRUVRIPDULQHHFRV\VWHPDQGWKH\ZHUHVSOLWWZRPDLQHFRORJLFDOVWDWH JURXSV (6*,DQG(6*,, 7KHILUVWJURXS (6*, DUHLQFOXGHGWKLFNOHDWKHU\ FDOFDUHRXV FUXVWRVH VHDZHHGV DQG VHDJUDVVHV Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosa DQG WKH VHFRQG JURXS (6* , DUH LQFOXGHG RSSRUWXQLVWLF PDFURDOJDH VKHHW-OLNHILODPHWRXVDQGFRDUVHO\EUDQFKHGVSHFLHV P. oceanica ZDV PHQWLRQHG DV D PHPEHU RI JRRGKLJK TXDOLW\ RI WKH ecological status 2UIDQLGLVet al .

6IULVR et al JLYHQ YDOLGDWLRQ RI WKH 0DFURSK\WH 4XDOLW\ ,QGH[ 0D4, WKDWKDVWZRYHUVLRQV>([SHUW0DFURSK\WH4XDOLW\,QGH[ (-0D4, DQG 5DSLG 0DFURSK\WH 4XDOLW\ ,QGH[ 5-0D4, @ WR DVVHVV WKH HFRORJLFDO VWDWXV RI ,WDOLDQ PDULQH WUDQVLWLRQDO HQYLURQPHQWV %RWK H[SHUW (-0D4, DQG UDSLG 5- 0D4, PDFURSK\WHTXDOLW\LQGH[DUHRQO\VXLWDEOHIRUWUDQVLWLRQDOHQYLURQPHQWV 5-0D4, FDQ EH DSSOLHG LQ ILHOG E\ XVLQJ PRGHO LQ )LJXUH ,Q WKH SUHVHQFH RI DQJLRVSHUPV WKH HQYLURQPHQW DVVHVVPHQW GHSHQGV RQ WKHLU SHUcent FRYHUDJH DQG WKH SHUFHQWDJH RI VHQVLWLYH VSHFLHV RQ WKH WRWDO QXPEHU RI WD[D 6IULVRDQG)DFFD

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&$5/,7 ZDV SURSRVHG RQ WKH EDVLV RI PDFURSK\WH GLVWULEXWLRQ PRQLWRULQJDORQJWKHFRDVWOLQH by Ballesteros et al. /DWHU0DQJLDODMRet al. PRGLILHGLW 7DEOH +RZHYHUWKLVLQGH[LVRQO\VXLWDEOHIRUURFky coastline.

155

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&DWHJRU\ Description Sensitivity

level Posidonia UHHI %DUULHUDQGIULQJLQJUHHIVRI Posidonia oceanica 6HDJUDVVHV Cymodocea nodosa Cymodocea nodosa PHDGRZV Zostera noltii Zostera noltii PHDGRZV Trottoir Build-XSVRILithophyllum byssoides Cystoseira 3RSXODWLRQVRICystoseira brachycarpa/crinita/elegans brachycarpa/crinita/elegans Cystoseira balearica 3RSXODWLRQVRIC. balearica Cystoseira VKHOWHUHG 3RSXODWLRQVRICystoseira foeniculacea/barbata/spinosa Cystoseira &RQWLQXRXVEHOWRICystoseira amentacea/mediterranea 5 amentacea/mediterranea Cystoseira AlmRVWFRQWLQXRXVEHOWRI 19 Population amentacea/mediterranea Cystoseira s with amentacea/mediterranea Cystoseira Cystoseira $EXQGDQWSDWFKHVRIGHQVH 15 amentacea/mediterranea 3 VWDQGVRIC. mediterranea/stricta Cystoseira $EXQGDQWSDWFKHVRIGHQVH 12 amentacea/mediterranea 2 VWDQGVRICystoseira amentacea/mediterranea Cystoseira compressa 3RSXODWLRQVRIC. compressa 12 Cystoseira 5DUHVFDWWHUHGSODQWVRI amentacea/mediterranea 1 Cystoseira amentacea/mediterranea 'LFW\RWDOHV6W\SRFDXODFHDH 3RSXODWLRQVRI PadinaDictyota DictyopterisTaoniaHalopteris DVStypocaulon Corallina %HOWRICorallina elongata 8 ZLWKRXWCystoseira Encrusting corallines %HOWRILithophyllum incrustansNeogoniolithon brassica-florida DQGRWKHU Population encrusting corallines s without Mytilus 0XVVHO Mytilus Cystoseira galloprovincialis EHGVZLWKRXW Cystoseira Pterocladiella/Ulva/Schizymen 0L[HGSRSXODWLRQRI ia Pterocladiella/Ulva/Schizymen ia Ulva Cladophora 3RSXODWLRQVRIUlva and 3 Cladophora &\DQREDFWHULDDerbesia 3RSXODWLRQVGRPLQDWHGIURP 1 Cyanobacteria and Derbesia tenuissima

Conclusions

0DFURDOJDHDQGDQJLRVSHUPVDUHYHU\LPSRUWDQWELRORJLFDOHOHPHQWVWR PHDVXUHWKHHFRORJLFDOVWDWXVRIFRDVWDOZDWHUVDQGWUDQVLWLRQDOV\VWHPVDVZHOO DVEHQWKLFLQYHUWHEUDWHVDQGSK\WRSODQNWRQ*UHHQDOJDe Ulva VSSCladophora VSSUHODWHGWRKLJKWURSKLFZDWHUV )LJ ZKLOHPDQ\UHGDOJDHEURZQDOJDH DQG DQJLRVSHUP VHQVLWLYH WR SROOXWLRQ )LJ *UHHQ DOJDH Ulva lactuca and Cladophora VSS DQG UHG DOJD Gracilaria gracilis SUHIHU EDG RU SRRU PDULQH ZDWHUV%URZQDOJDCystoseiraFDOFDUHXVUHGDOJDHCymodocea nodosa, Zostera spp. and Posidonia oceanica SUHIHUJRRGRUKLJKPDULQHZDWHUV Posidonia oceanica is distributed RQ WKH $HJHDQ DQG ZHVWHUQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQ FRDVWV RI 7XUNH\ KRZHYHU LW LV QRW NQRZQ IURPWKHHDVWHUQ 0HGLWHUUDQHDQFRDVWRI7XUNH\,WZDVDOVRUHSRUWHGIURP6HDRI0DUPDUD7KLV VSHFLHVLVXQGHUGDQJHURXVE\DQWKURSRJHQLFSROOXWLRQ

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References

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Abstract

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Introduction

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Patents related to Pocidonia oceanica

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References

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Abstract

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Introduction

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Steps taken to protect Posidonia oceanica nationwide

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181

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“GEF-IV: Strengthening the System of Marine and Coastal Protected Areas of Turkey Project”

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Conclusion

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182

References

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