Branner Travelling Fellowship Aplication 2013 Cat on a hot green roof UC Berkeley l CED l Department of Architecture ƉƌŽƉŽƐĂůƐ͘&ƌŝĞĚŵĂŶ͛ƐĞǀŽĐĂƟǀĞĚƌĂǁŝŶŐƐĨŽƌ ^ƉĂƟĂůŝƚLJŝŵƉůLJŶŽƚŽŶůLJŝŶĨŽƌŵĂůŝƚLJĂƐƚŚĞƐŝŶĞ ƋƵĂŶŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŶƚĞŵƉŽƌĂƌLJŵĞƚƌŽƉŽůŝƐ͕ďƵƚ ĂůƐŽĂŶƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞƐŬLJĂďŽǀĞƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ ĂƐƉƵďůŝĐƐƉĂĐĞpar excellence͘ŶĚƚŚĞŶĂŐĂŝŶŝŶ ƚŚĞĞŝŐŚƟĞƐ͕^ƵƉĞƌƐƚƵĚŝŽ͛ƐƉƌŽƉŽƐĂůƐĨŽƌƚĂŬŝŶŐ ŽǀĞƌDĂŶŚĂƩĂŶ͛ƐƐŬLJďĞůŝĞĂĨĂƐĐŝŶĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚƚŚĞ ƌŽŽĨͲƐĐĂƉĞƚŚĂƚŚĂƐƌĞŵĂŝŶĞĚĂŶĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞ ƐĐŚŽŽůĨĂǀŽƌŝƚĞƐŝŶĐĞ͘

ƵƚƵƚŽƉŝĂŝƐĂĚŝƌƚLJǁŽƌĚ͕ŶŽƚďĞƚĂŬĞŶĐĂƐƵĂůůLJ The prehistoric settlements in Çatalhöyük, Anatolia, did not have any wall ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƐĐŚŽŽůĐŽƌƌŝĚŽƌƐĂŶĚŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƌĞǀŝĞǁ openings: the Neolithic woman would enter her home from an opening in the roof.1 ďŽĂƌĚƐ͘dŚĞƟŐŚƚĞŶŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞƐĐƌĞǁƐŽĨƚŚĞ Similarly, some Berber tribes in northern Africa still live in houses excavated in the ŐůŽďĂůĮŶĂŶĐŝĂůƐLJƐƚĞŵĂŶĚƚŚĞĞŶƐƵŝŶŐĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐ accommodating desert soil.2 The roof and the ground plane in these two cases are ŝŶĞƋƵĂůŝƟĞƐŽĨƚŚĞůĂƐƚĚĞĐĂĚĞĂƌĞƐƚĂƌƟŶŐƚŽ synonymous and each enables and activates the other. Le Corbusier presumably ƐŚŽǁƚŚĂƚǁĞĂƌĞĞŶƚĞƌŝŶŐĂƉƌŽůŽŶŐĞĚƉĞƌŝŽĚ understood that, when he displaced the ground on Unité’s roof.3 Fast forward to ŽĨŐůŽďĂůƌĞĐĞƐƐŝŽŶĂŶĚĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐƌĞƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌŝŶŐ͘4 the future (literally): the socio-political events of the sixties inspiring Archigram and dŚĞĮƌƐƚƐŽĐŝĂůŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƐĂƌĞƐƉƌŝŶŐŝŶŐƵƉŝŶ Yona Friedman’s outright utopian urban proposals. Friedman’s evocative drawings ĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐƚŚĂƚƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐůLJƐŚŽǁĞĚŐƌĞĂƚƚƌƵƐƚŝŶ for Spatial City imply not only informality as the sine qua non of the contemporary ƚŚĞĚŽŵŝŶĂŶƚĐĂƉŝƚĂůŝƐƚŚLJďƌŝĚ͘dŚĞƐĞĮƌƐƚƐŝŐŶƐ͕ metropolis, but also an understanding of the sky above the city as public space ŝŶƚŚĞƵƌŽƉĞĂŶƐŽƵƚŚĂŶĚƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ^ƚĂƚĞƐ͕ par excellence. Superstudio’s proposals for taking over Manhattan’s sky belie a ƚŽƉƉĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĂďƵƉƌŝƐŝŶŐƐ͕ƐƟůůƵŶĚĞƌǁĂLJŝŶ fascination with the roof-scape that has remained an architecture school favorite ^LJƌŝĂ͕ŵĂLJďĞĂĐĂůůĂƚĂƌŵƐĨŽƌĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƐƚŽƚĂŬĞ since. ůŽŶŐĨŽƌŐŽƩĞŶĚƌĂǁŝŶŐƐŽƵƚŽĨƚŚĞŝƌĚƌĂǁĞƌƐ͘ But utopia is a dirty word, not be taken casually through school corridors and dŚĞƐĞĂƌĞƉƌŽƉŽƐĂůƐƚŚĂƚƌĞͲŝŵĂŐŝŶĞƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ ‰‘˜‡”‡–”‡˜‹‡™„‘ƒ”†•ǤŠ‡–‹‰Š–‡‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡• ”‡™•‘ˆ–Š‡‰Ž‘„ƒŽƤƒ ‹ƒŽ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĂůŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚůŽŽŬĂƚ system and the ensuing economic inequalities of the last decade are starting to ĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐƚŽĞǀĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƚĂŬĞƚŚĞŵ show that we are entering a prolonged period of global recession and economic ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ͘dŚŝƐŝƐŶŽƚŝŶƚŚĞŶĂŵĞŽĨƵƚŽƉŝĂ͕ďƵƚŽĨ restructuring.4Š‡Ƥ”•–•‘ ‹ƒŽ‘˜‡‡–•ƒ”‡•’”‹‰‹‰—’‹ ‘—–”‹‡•–Šƒ– ƉƌŽĨŽƵŶĚƌĞĂůŝƐŵ͘ ’”‡˜‹‘—•Ž›•Š‘™‡†‰”‡ƒ––”—•–‹–Š‡†‘‹ƒ– ƒ’‹–ƒŽ‹•–Š›„”‹†ǤŠ‡•‡Ƥ”•–•‹‰•ǡ dŚŝƐƉƌŽƉŽƐĂůǁŝůůůŽŽŬĂƚƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͛ƐƌŽŽĨͲƐĐĂƉĞĂƐ in the European south and the United States, topped with the Arab uprisings, ĂnjŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŽĨŽƉĞŶƉƵďůŝĐƐƉĂĐĞƐ͘dŚŝƐŝƐŵŽƌĞ still under way in Syria, may be a call at arms for architects to take long forgotten ĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞĨŽƌĐŝƟĞƐǁŝƚŚŇĂƚƌŽŽĨƐĂŶĚƌĞůĂƟǀĞůLJ drawings out of their drawers. These are proposals that re-imagine the city through ƵŶŝĨŽƌŵďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŚĞŝŐŚƚƐ͘tŝƚŚĂŵŝŶŐŐůŽďĂů architectural interventions that look at collective responses to events and take ƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĂĚĞŵĂŶĚĨŽƌĞǀĞƌŐƌĞĂƚĞƌƵƌďĂŶ them further. This is not in the name of utopia, but of profound realism. dŚŝƐŝƟĞƐǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞ͘5/ǁŝůůůŽŽŬĂƚƚŚŽƐĞĞīŽƌƚƐ This proposal will look at the city’s roof-scape as a network of open public spaces. ĂŶĚĂƐƐĞƐƐƚŚĞŝƌƌĞůĂƟǀĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĞƐ͘DŽƌĞŽǀĞƌ͕/ Š‹•‹•‘”‡ƒ’’”‘’”‹ƒ–‡ˆ‘” ‹–‹‡•™‹–Šƪƒ–”‘‘ˆ•ƒ†”‡Žƒ–‹˜‡Ž›—‹ˆ‘”„—‹Ž†‹‰ ǁŝůůůŽŽŬĂƚƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚŵŽĚĞƌŶƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐŽĨ heights. With a booming global population and a demand for ever greater urban ĚƌĂŝŶĂŐĞ͕ǁĂƚĞƌĐĂƉƚƵƌĞĂŶĚƌĞƵƐĞ͕ƌĂŶŐŝŶŐĨƌŽŵ density, the city of the future, elements of which we can see in some Asian cities ƚŚĞŽůĚĐŝƐƚĞƌŶƐƚŚĂƚǁĞƌĞƉĂƌƚŽĨĞǀĞƌLJďƵŝůĚŝŶŐ today, will grow higher and further away from the ground level, or plane of ŝŶƚŚĞĂƌŝĚŝƐůĂŶĚŽĨEŝƐŝƌŽƐŝŶ'ƌĞĞĐĞ͕ƚŽZĞŶnjŽ 6 reference for collective urban life. What if we understood the existing roofs of the WŝĂŶŽ͛ƐĂƌƟĮĐŝĂůŵŽƵŶƚĂŝŶŶĞĂƌEĂƉůĞƐ͕/ƚĂůLJ͘ city as constituting a new ground plane? I propose a network of public spaces on top and through existing buildings in cities with suitable building moprphologies, climate and relatively uniform building heights.This would not only open up the 1 Kostof, History of Architecture. city to the •›‹ƒ“—ƒ•‹Ǧ–”ƒ• ‡†‡–ƒŽƒ‡”ȋ‰”‘—†’‘ŽŽ—–‹‘ƒ†–”ƒƥ  2 Subterranean dwellings in the plateau of ‘‰‡•–‹‘– hell, buildings – purgatory, sky – paradise) but also enable the often Matmata. See detailed itinerary. sought after continuity over the ground by identifying and strengthening already 3 Le Corbusier, Towards an Architecture, 60 existing ‡–™‘”•‘ˆ•’ƒ ‡•ǤŠ‡‡˜‹”‘‡–ƒŽ„‡‡Ƥ–•‘ˆ–Š‹•’”‘’‘•ƒŽƒ”‡ 4 I refer, among other publications, to analyses of the global economy in recent issues of the ƒ‹ˆ‘Ž†and well documented. The treatment of roofs with green or white paving Economist. Save the City, 01.07.12 reduces –Š‡Š‡ƒ–‹•Žƒ†‡ơ‡ –ǡƒ†•— Š‹‹–‹ƒ–‹˜‡•ƒ”‡ƒŽ”‡ƒ†›—†‡”™ƒ›‹‘•–„‹‰ 5 For news and reports, Green Roofs for ‹–‹‡•worldwide.5‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ’Žƒ–‡†”‘‘ˆ•‘ơ•‡– ƒ”„‘‡‹••‹‘•„› ‘•‡”˜‹‰ Healthy Cities ‡‡”‰›–Š”‘—‰Š„‡––‡”‹•—Žƒ–‹‘Ǥ ™‹ŽŽŽ‘‘ƒ––Š‘•‡‡ơ‘”–•ƒ†ƒ••‡••–Š‡‹””‡Žƒ–‹˜‡ 6 For details on this project refer to the de- tailed itinerary. successes. Moreover, I will look at traditional and modern strategies of drainage, water capture and reuse, ranging from the old cisterns that were part of every Images (top to bottom): Le Corbusier’s sketch from Concerning Town Planning, Yona Fried- „—‹Ž†‹‰‹–Š‡ƒ”‹†‹•Žƒ†‘ˆ‹•‹”‘•‹ ”‡‡ ‡ǡ–‘‡œ‘‹ƒ‘ǯ•ƒ”–‹Ƥ ‹ƒŽ‘—–ƒ‹ man’s drawing for Spatial City and Superstu- 6 near Naples, Italy. This is a proposal for a project of the urban scale looking for dio’s illustration for Continuous monument. details in the building scale. It is between these two scales that my optimism for –Š‡ˆ—–—”‡‘ˆ–Š‡Ž‘ ƒŽǦ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ ‹–›Ƥ†•‹–•‡•–‹‰‰”‘—†Ǥ

1 Kostof 2 Troglodyte houses 3 What an unconvincing example! M E T H O D O L O G I E S

Twelve months, twelve letters.1 For the duration of the Branner fellowship each month the department of architecture will receive a packet of material. It will be ƒ††”‡••‡†–‘ƒ‹ƒ‰‹‡†”‡ ‹’‹‡–ǡƒƤ –‹‘ƒŽ Šƒ”ƒ –‡”‡„‘†›‹‰–Š‡•’‹”‹–‘ˆ the city I am visiting through my own experiences of the place and the people. The rest of the material will include sketches, photographs, ephemera and drawings that explain the main premise of this project: understanding the city’s roof-scape as a network of publicly accessible open spaces.

LITERATURE

‹–‡”ƒ–—”‡ ƒ–ƒ‡›‘—•‘‡’Žƒ ‡Ƥ”•–Ǣ–Š‡ƒ” Š‹–‡ –—”‡ˆ‘ŽŽ‘™•Ǥ2 Literature as a ‹†‘ˆ’”‡‘‹–‹‘ǡ–Š‡ǡ‘ˆ™Šƒ––Š‡ˆ—–—”‡‹‰Š–Š‘Ž†Ǥ ƒ•’‡ ‹Ƥ ƒŽŽ›Ž‘‘‹‰ at drama and poetry for examples of what the idea of “living on the roof” might entail. The project title’s reference to Tennessee Williams’s play A Cat on a Hot Tin Roof operates as as a method of inquiry, anchoring my research in the literary un- packing and re-thinking of social conditions. What if the cat stayed on the roof not out of necessity, but out of pleasure? I will explore the potentials of the proposed architectural and urbanistic idea through my own writing in the form of letters. I will send one every month back to Berkeley and that raw response to my encoun- –‡”•™‹–Š†‹ơ‡”‡– ‹–‹‡•™‹ŽŽˆ‘”–Š‡•–”— –—”‡‘ˆ›’”‡•‡–ƒ–‹‘‹’”‹‰͖͔͕͘Ǥ

’ƒ”–ˆ”‘Ƥ –‹‘ǡ ‹–‡†–‘‹ Ž—†‡”‡ˆ‡”‡ ‡•–‘ ‡”‹‡ˆ‡„˜”‡ǯ•The Production of Space and the work of Alain Badiou on the possibility of the occurrence of the Event.3

ETHNOGRAPHY dǁĞůǀĞŵŽŶƚŚƐ͕ƚǁĞůǀĞůĞƩĞƌƐ͘ &ŽƌƚŚĞĚƵƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƌĂŶ- I will be looking at the local conditions in each place I visit in order to focus my ŶĞƌĨĞůůŽǁƐŚŝƉĞĂĐŚŵŽŶƚŚƚŚĞ ”‡•‡ƒ” Š‹•’‡ ‹Ƥ ƒ––”‹„—–‡•‘ˆ–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ’—„Ž‹ •’ƒ ‡—‹“—‡–‘‡ƒ ŠǤ‹Š™ƒ ĚĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚŽĨĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĞǁŝůů Ong’s work on global citizenship is particularly relevant here.4 ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĂƉĂĐŬĞƚŽĨŵĂƚĞƌŝĂů͘/ƚ ǁŝůůďĞĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞĚƚŽĂŶŝŵĂŐ- In response to questions about adequate time to conduct research and access the ŝŶĞĚůŽǀĞƌ͕ĂĮĐƟŽŶĂůĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌ roofs, I intend to work with a system of stations – cities where I will move to for ’‡”‹‘†•”ƒ‰‹‰ˆ”‘–™‘–‘ˆ‘—”‘–Š•ƒ–ƒ–‹‡Ǥ ‡ƒ Š‘ˆ–Š‘•‡Ƥ˜‡ ‹–‹‡•ǡ‘‡ ĞŵďŽĚLJŝŶŐƚŚĞƐƉŝƌŝƚŽĨƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ in Asia, two in Europe and one in South America, I will work with research organiza- /ĂŵǀŝƐŝƟŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŵLJŽǁŶ 1 tions, primarily universities, in order to gain access to libraries and archives.5 These ĞdžƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ ŽĨƚŚĞƉůĂĐĞĂŶĚ ‘”‰ƒ‹œƒ–‹‘•™‡”‡ Š‘•‡„‘–Š™‹–Š”‡‰ƒ”†•–‘”‡Ž‡˜ƒ ‡–‘›Ƥ‡Ž†‘ˆ‹“—‹”› the ĨŽůůŽǁƐ͘2 s3 and the ability to conduct research in the language. I speak Italian, German, French, Greek and English (in this ascending order). I intend to gain working knowledge of ĂƌĐŚŝǀĞƐ͘4 Portugese during my stay in South America. 5ĂĞƌŝĂů6nj By getting to know the space of the city and talk to local people I will work – walk – my way up to the roofs.

DOCUMENTATION

’ƒ”–ˆ”‘–Š‡’”‹ƒ”›—”„ƒ”‡•‡ƒ” Š–Šƒ– ™‹ŽŽ ‘†— –‹–Š‡Ƥ˜‡•–ƒ–‹‘•ǡ‹–Š‡ form of maps, photographs and the collection of ephemera, I will visit places of •’‡ ‹Ƥ ‹–‡”‡•––‘›’”‘Œ‡ –ǤŠ‡•‡”ƒ‰‡ˆ”‘•‹‰Ž‡„—‹Ž†‹‰•–‘—”„ƒƒ‰”‹ —Ž- 1 See appendix ture interventions on roofs. 2 I refer here to discussions in Jill Stoner’s Literature of Space seminar (Spring 2012). Also: Stoner, Toward a Minor Architecture. The primary mode of documentation for these projects of the building scale will be 3 Badiou. Being and Event. in the form of sketches that I will translate to scale drawings. I will work primarily in 4 Ong, Neoliberalism as Exception: Muta- section, as a tool to understand both architectural detail in the construction of roof tions in Citizenship and Sovereignty. structures and gardens and the way the network of roofs can be inhabited. 5 For details on those organizations refer to the detailed itinerary. I am not interested in the aerial perspective, as I believe my project lies between 6 There is an uncanny relationship between the popularization of the aerial perspective 6 the creative abstraction of the map and the human concrete-ness of the section. and war. Vidler, “Air War and Architecture”.

1 I T I N E R A R Y / S C H E D U L E

Fall 2012

During thesis seminar, I will prepare my proposal for a network of public spaces on –Š‡ƪƒ–”‘‘ˆ•‘ˆ–Š‡•ǡ ”‡‡ ‡ǡ–Š”‘—‰Šƒ’’‹‰‡š‡” ‹•‡•ƒ†ƒˆ”ƒ‡™‘”ˆ‘” categorizing the interventions that I will subsequently develop during and after my travels for my thesis presentation in Spring 2013.

™‹ŽŽƒŽ•‘’”‡’ƒ”‡›•–ƒ›ȋƒ ‘‘†ƒ–‹‘ǡˆƒ —Ž–›ƒƥŽ‹ƒ–‹‘•Ȍ‹–Š‡Ƥ˜‡•–ƒ–‹‘•ǣ Hong Kong, Matera, Athens, Sao Paulo.

During Fall semester I will travel around the Bay Area and go on a short trip to New York to look at notable examples of occupiable roofs and urban networks as I iden- tify them in my thesis research. New York falls outside the geographical scope of my travels during 2013, but will provide a rich background for my inquiry.

Oakland Museum of California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco The Highline, New York Urban Greenery, New York

On the road: 2013 l Breakdown of sites by date, station, points of intersest

U R B A N S I N G L E N E T W O R K S B U I L D I N G S

O N F L A T O N A P L A N T E D R O O F L A N D S L O P E R O O F T E R R A C E JAN - APR H O N G K O N G JAN S H A N G H A I JAN T I B E T FEB H O C H I M I N H C I T Y FEB B A N G K O K MAR M U M B A I MAR C H A N D I G A R H MAR K A T H M A N D U APR T A I P E I APR S I E M R E A P MAY - JUN M A T E R A MAY N A P L E S / C A P R I MAY M I L A N / T U R I N MAY F L O R E N C E MAY P A R I S / B O U R G O G N E JUN M A T M A T A JUN C A I R O JUN F E Z JUL - AUG A T H E N S JUL N I S I R O S JUL C A T A L H U Y U K / A N A T O L I A AUG B A R C E L O N A AUG S A N T I A G O D E C O M P O S T E L A SEP - DEC S A O P A U L O SEP R I O D E J A N E I R O OCT V A L P A R A I S O OCT M A C H U P I C H U NOV C A R A C A S DEC M E D E L L I N DEC T A O S P U E B L O Buckminster Fuller’s Dymaxion world map is a projection of the world surface on a icosahedron, which can be unfolded to reveal relationships between parts problematizing our understanding of the globe through the canonical Mercator projection. Fuller’s intention was to depict the world’s land mass as a continuous island, fueling early discussions on sustainability.

Š‡ ‘Ž‘”•‘ˆ–Š‡ƒ’”‡ƪ‡ ––Š‡‡†‹ƒ–‡’‡”ƒ–—”‡•‘ˆ‡ƒ Š”‡‰‹‘ǡ”‡†„‡‹‰ the highest.

I chose to depict my itinerary on this map in order to emphasize the relationships „‡–™‡‡–Š‡ ‹–‹‡• ˜‹•‹–‹ƒ‰Ž‘„ƒŽ• ƒŽ‡Ǥ ‹†‡–‹Ƥ‡†–Š‡–”‹ƒ‰Ž‡• ™‹ŽŽ˜‹•‹–„ƒ•‡† on similar climatic conditions that narrow down the scope of my research and focus my proposal. Some notable examples of roofs and roof networks fall outside the chosen triangles. My goal in this yearly travel is not provide a comprehensive overview of examples of green / occupiable roofs, but rather to focus on the urban case studies - stations I selected and look at examples of urban networks and buildings that will enhance my study of those case studies. They are categorized according to the graph below.

D ETAILED URBANON FLAT LAND NETWORKS ON A SLOPE URBA N S INGLE PLANTED ROOF A NALYS I S B UILDINGS ROOF TERRACE M a t e r a ( I t a l y )

A t h e n s ( G r e e c e )

H o n g K o n g ( C h i n a ) S a o P a u l o ( B r a z i l ) K a t h m a n d u , N e p a l S h a n g h a i , C h i n a

L h a s a , T i b e t

C h a n d i g a r h , I n d i a T a i p e i , T a i w a n

M u m b a i , I n d i a H o n g K o n g

B a n g k o k , T h a i l a n d H o C h i M i n h C i t y , V i e t n a m

S i e m R e a p , C a m b o d i a

STATION : Hong Kong, China Hong Kong University Faculty Contact: Wei Jen Wang, Associate Professor of Architecture

Itinerary I : Shanghai, China - Lhasa, Tibet

Itinerary III : Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam - Bangkok, Thailand Itinerary IV : Mumbai - Chandigarh, India - India - Kathmandu, Nepal

Itinerary II : Taipei, Taiwan - Siem Reap, Cambodia

J A N U A R Y - A P R I L A S I A DETAILED URBAN ANALYSIS

Rooftop farm in Ngau Tau Kok, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong. Operated by HKFARM. Source: http://www.hkfarm.org The many faces of the city: I will attempt to gain access and docu- ment informal rooftop settlements in the Sham Po district. The roofs of the mid-rise early modern buildings An Asian metropolis caught between East and West, Hong Kong operates in multiple in this working cass neighborhood scales and constitutes a rich urban case study. I will look at green roof initiatives by the ƒ”‡ƤŽŽ‡†™‹–Š‹ˆ‘”ƒŽ•–”— –—”‡• ‹–›‘ˆ ‘‰‘‰–ƒ”‰‡–‹‰•’‡ ‹Ƥ ‡‹‰Š„‘”Š‘‘†•–Š”‘—‰Š‹ ‡–‹˜‡•ˆ‘””‘‘ˆ’Žƒ–- and ad-hoc divisions that claim roof ‹‰‘‰‘˜‡”‡–„—‹Ž†‹‰•ƒ†’—„Ž‹ • Š‘‘Ž•Ǥ ‹†‡–‹Ƥ‡†‰‘˜‡”‡–”‡•‘—” ‡•–Šƒ– space for individual uses.1 list those interventions, some of which I intend to visit.1

Hong Kong’s distinct urban fabric with dramatic shifts in scale from traditional Chinese to visit.1 housing to the high rises and all the layers in-between, provides a challenging case to test my ideas. I will consider here the possibility of multiple networks of public activity on horizontal planes above the ground. 1 Hong Kong Government’s Greening Master- I will conduct research in the city and in the University of Honk Kong, where my contact plan (GMP), Civil Engineering and Develop- ment Department. http://www.cedd.gov.hk/ is Associate Professor of Architecture Weijen Wang (M.Arch, Berkeley, 1987). I will also eng/greening/ attempt to contact the Chinese University of Hong Kong Art Department, through the recent graduate and current Berkeley student Sophy Shi. 2 CNN report on the neighborhood can be foud online. CNN. Hong Kong’s Rooftop Vil- contact: lages. Accessed 07.10.2012 [email protected]

1 Honk Kong Government’s Greening Masterplan (GMP), Civil Engineering and Development Department. http:// www.cedd.gov.hk/eng/greening/ Living in the city for four months I intend to research the conditions that may enable the successful use of Hong ‘‰ǯ•ƪƒ–”‘‘ˆ•ƒ•’—„Ž‹ •’ƒ ‡•ˆ‘””‡ ”‡ƒ–‹‘Ǥ

Examples include urban agriculture initiatives by HK Farm ƒ†–Š‡†‡•‹‰Ƥ” ”‡‡‘‘ˆ••‹ƒǯ•™‘”Ǥ HK Farm operates rooftop farms and organizes workshops and tours of their facilities. Moreover, they hold urban bee- keeping lessons on various roofs in the city. A 4,000 square foot rooftop in Ngau Tau Kok, Kwun Tong is accessible to the public. contact: Michael Leung, Easy Industrial Building, 140 Wai Yip ”„ƒˆƒ”ƒ–‘’ƒ͖͕Ǧ•–‘”›‘ƥ ‡„—‹Ž†‹‰‹ ‘‰‘‰ǯ•‡ƒ•–‡”†‹•–”‹ –Ǥ Street, Ngau Tau Kok, Kowloon. email: [email protected] Source: http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/06/28/hongkong. urban.farming/index.html and facebook

A modern city with a strong entrepreneurial sense, Hong Kong is always looking at successful marketing examples for the urban landscape. These include the current fascina- tion with landscaped roofs (Yokohama, New York). One such example, intended for commercial use, is the roof of –Š‡ ƒŽŽǡƤŽŽ‡†™‹–Š”‡•–ƒ—”ƒ–•ƒ† ƒˆ‡•–Šƒ–‘ơ‡”ƒ panoramic view of the city, but that are accessible to the non-paying public as well. Can this function as a commerce- driven paradigm for the purposes of this project?

Government ponsored green roof. Source: http://www.housingauthority.gov.hk/en/

The many faces of the city: I will attempt to gain access and document informal rooftop settlements in the Sham Po district. The roofs of the mid-rise early modern buildings ‹–Š‹•™‘”‹‰ Žƒ••‡‹‰Š„‘”Š‘‘†ƒ”‡ƤŽŽ‡†™‹–Š‹ˆ‘”ƒŽ structures and ad-hoc divisions that claim roof space for private uses.2

Informal rooftop settlements in Hong Kong’s Sham Shui Po district. Source: http://www.cnn.com/2011/11/01/asia/gallery/rooftop-homes/index.html JANUARY 2012 l STATION: HONG KONG S H A N G H A I CHINA Shanghai will provide a useful counterpart to my study of Hong Kong. The city is built on a similar scale, but is under- going a much more rapid urbanization process. I will look at how the older parts of town relate to the newer and the possibility of learning from traditional patterns of use of the roof-scape. How are the interstices between pitched roofs in the older parts occupied?

The University of Hong Kong operates a program in the city, the Shanghai Study Center, which I intend to visit and perhaps participate in one of their workshops (some are co-sponsored with the Architectural Association School of Architecture, London, UK). Moreover, while at Hong Kong Shanghai roofs. ‘—” ‡ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥƪ‹ ”Ǥ ‘Ȁ’Š‘–‘•Ȁ•’‡ ‹ƒŽ”„Ȁ͚͙͙͖͔͖͚͚͗͜Ȁ I will attempt to establish connections with researchers in Tongji University that will help orient my study of the city.

The campus for Giant Interactive Group by MORPHOSIS outside Shanghai blends the boundaries between inte- rior and exterior and built form and the landscape. The network of pathways, streets, bridges and walkable green ”‘‘ˆ•Š‘—•‡•ƒ˜ƒ”‹‡–›‘ˆ’”‘‰”ƒ•ǡ‹ Ž—†‹‰‘ƥ ‡•ǡ”‡ ”‡- ational spaces, an auditorium and a guesthouse. I will look at the relationship between public and private space as it manifests itself in the landscape that the building creates as well as the sustainable features of the architecture, which include the use of the earth’s thermal mass on the roof to reduce heat gains and skylights for access to day- light in the work areas.

Source: MORPHOSIS

URBANON FLAT LAND NETWORKS ON A SLOPE

SINGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE

Software company Giant’s Shanghai headquarters, (MORPHOSIS, 2011). Source: http://morphopedia.com JANUARY - FEBRUARY 2012 l STATION: HONG KONG T I B E T

From Shanghai I will travel by train to Tibet in order to doc- ument the traditional dwellings where locals keep livestock ‘ƪƒ–”‘‘ˆ•ǡ•’‡ ‹ƒŽŽ›‘†‹Ƥ‡†ǤDzŽ–Š‘—‰Šȏ–Š‡ƒ†‘„‡ ’ƒ”ƒ’‡–Ȑ„ƒ”‡Ž›•–‹ •—’ŠƒŽˆƒ‡–‡”ƒ„‘˜‡–Š‡ƪƒ–ǡ‹– serves to sit upon as well as to conduct water within on an impermeable layer of clay. The terrace goes on acting like a genuine ‘center of what is on high,’ an open air vestibule, a distributor from which to accede, at various heights and via ™‘‘†‡Šƒ†Žƒ††‡”•ǡ–‘†‹ơ‡”‡–”‘‘•dzȋƒ”–À‡œǡ͖͔ȌǤ Can we adopt these practices for the inner-city roof ter- ”ƒ ‡ǫ ‘™ƒ”‡–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•„‡–™‡‡†‹ơ‡”‡–Ž‡˜‡Ž• established with wooden ladders - is it possible to remove the ladder at will for privacy? Tibetan house with roof used for keeping livestock. ‘—” ‡ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥƪ‹ ”Ǥ ‘Ȁ’Š‘–‘•Ȁ”‡—”‹ŒƒȀ͖͖͔͗͗͗͛͜͜͝Ȁ URBAN ON FLAT LAND NETWO RKS ON A SLOPE

SINGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE H O C H I M I N HCITH C I T Y VIETNAM The metropolitan area of Ho Chi Minh City numbers ap- proximately nine million inhabitants, making it the dens- est city in Vietnam, and one of the most populous in the region. The rich and tumultuous history of the city has left its marks on the urban fabric. With the help of my friend and fellow CED graduate student Hien Minh Vuong and her family I intend to document the city’s urban living patterns ƒ†‹“—‹”‡‹–‘–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƪƒ–”‘‘ˆ•ǡ–Šƒ–ƒ”‡—„‹“—‹- tous in the modern part of the city. The Everich 2 complex is described as “an example of living on a grand scale in Vietnam” (Designboom). The residential program is housed in a over-sized loop with View of Ho Chi Minh City. Source: http://www.panoramio.com/photo/72260565 stepped appartments to maximize open space for the —‹–•ƒ†‡š’‘•—”‡–‘†ƒ›Ž‹‰Š–ǤŠ‡Ž‘ ƒŽƒ” Š‹–‡ –—”‡Ƥ” DWP Architects has incorporated many energy saving techniques, such as natural ventilation, sky gardens, green roofs and shading devices. Nonetheless, the building appears to be a megastructure isolated from the rest of the city. I will document the way that networks between spaces are established in the project and translate them to potential urban gestures. I will pay particular attention to the way the structure may or may not respond to local living conditions / traditions. contact: Hien Minh Vuong, graduate student, UC Berkeley 11 Le Ngo Cat St., District 3, Hochiminh City, +84 9 33 385108, [email protected]

URBANON FLAT LAND Everich 2 apartments, self-sustaining community, Ho Chi Minh City NETWORKS ON A SLOPE (DWP Architects, 2012) •‘—” ‡ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ‹Šƒ„‹–ƒ–Ǥ ‘Ȁ‰”‡‡Ǧ”‘ŽŽ‡” ‘ƒ•–‡”ǦŠ‹‰ŠǦ”‹•‡Ǧ–ƒ‡•Ǧ‘ơǦ‹Ǧ˜‹‡–ƒȀ

SINGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE FEBRUARY - MARCH 2012 l STATION: HONG KONG B A N G K OKO K THAILAND Bangkok’s raised commuter train network (Skytrain - BTS) is a famous example of horizontal continuity above the ground. How do the buildings respond to it? What public ƒ –‹˜‹–‹‡• ƒ™‡Ƥ†ƒ”‘—†•–ƒ–‹‘•ǫ†Š‘™†‘‡•–Š‡ ‹’‘•‹–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‹•‡‰ƒǦ‹ˆ”ƒ•–”— –—”‡ƒơ‡ –‡†–Š‡•–”‡‡–• on the ground? In Bangkok I will attempt to answer those “—‡•–‹‘•„‘–Š‹–Š‡• ƒŽ‡‘ˆ–Š‡ ‹–›ƒ†–Š‡•’‡ ‹Ƥ  architectural solutions that the designers and engineers devised to insert the rail network within the city fabric.

Bangkok Skytrain. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bangkok Skytrain 2011.jpg

URBANON FLAT LAND NETWORKS ON A SLOPE

S INGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE

M U M B A I INDIA I am interested in the many faces of Mumbai’s architecture manifested in large shifts of income and building scale within the city. Mumbai will provide a fascinating coun- terpart to Hong Kong, where the colonial past competes with local customs and contemporary frantic economic development. I am particularly interested in the use of ’—„Ž‹ •’ƒ ‡‹–Š‡ ‹–›ǯ••Ž—•Ǥ’‡ ‹Ƥ ƒŽŽ› ™‹ŽŽ„‡Ž‘‘‹‰ at entrepreneurial uses of the informal structures’ roofs. In this I will seek the guidance of professor Pooja Morje from Mumbai’s Academy of Architecture. Her thesis research (2008) is on the topic of slum redevelopment in urban areas.

contacts: (primary) Cho Rao, Art Historian, cho [email protected] (primary) Juliana Luz, [email protected] (secondary) Pooja Morje, Professor of Architecture, Academy of Architecture, Mumbai [email protected]

URBANON FLAT LAND NETWORKS ON A SLOPE

S ING LE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE

Recycling waste on the roofs in Dharavi, Mumbai. Source: http://www.zimbio.com MARCH 2012 l STATION: HONG KONG C H A N D I G A R H INDIA ‡‘”„—•‹‡”ǯ•—•‡‘ˆ–Š‡ƪƒ–”‘‘ˆƒ•ƒ•’ƒ ‡ˆ‘””‡ - reation assumed in Chandigarh a distinctly public and monumental character. The elevated terrace in front of –Š‡••‡„Ž›„—‹Ž†‹‰Š‘Ž†•ƒ•ŠƒŽŽ‘™”‡ƪ‡ –‹‰’‘‘Ž that emphasizes the mass of the the building. I will docu- ment the current use of the spaces as well as details that are transferrable to other urban projects. Also, I will look at the complex from the vantage point of other Corbu- sian projects, notably Unit d’Habitation in Marseilles and La Tourette near Lyon, which I have recently visited during another research trip in France.

The Assembly Building, Chandigarh (Le Corbusier, 1953-63). Source: http://woodburyindia.blogspot.com/2012/01/

URBANON FLAT LAND NETWO RKS ON A SLOPE

SINGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE K A T H M ANA N D U NEPAL Beyond the famous temples and UNESCO heritage sites, the capital of Nepal is the product of mass mid-rise urbanization. The residents occupy most open spaces in these buildings, including the roofs. During my visit I will look for publicly accessible roof terraces and document the connections established between interior and ex- terior space there. How does climate and local customs ƒơ‡ ––Šƒ–”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’ǫ

Moreover, during my stay in Kathmandu I will look into the typology of the Hindu temple as a precedent for my study in Pashupatinath temple, the oldest Hindu temple in Kathmandu, which lies within the city limits.

URBANON FLAT LAND NETWORKS ON A SLOPE

SINGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE

Kathmandu roofs. ‘—” ‡ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥƪ‹ ”Ǥ ‘Ȁ’Š‘–‘•Ȁ Š”‹•–‹ƒ•–‡Žœ‡”Ȁ͙͚͕͙͕͘͘͜͝͝Ȁ APRIL 2012 l STATION: HONG KONG T A I P E I TAIWAN The Sun Moon Lake Visitor Center attempt to connect the building to the surrounding landforms. The archi- –‡ –•ǡ‘”‹Š‹‘ƒƒ†••‘ ‹ƒ–‡•ǡƤ––Š‡’”‘‰”ƒ‘ˆ–Š‡ Taiwan Tourism Borough in two concrete channels that wrap around each other and look out towards the lake. I will inquire into the relationship of the building form with the landscape, attempting to go beyond the metaphor, and the way the design establishes continuities between interior and exterior space. I will look at the building’s detailing for examples of incorporating landscape and irrigation techniques to roof design.

Sun Moon Lake Visitor Center (Norihiko Dan and Associates, 2011). Source: http://www.dezeen.com/2011/02/17/ U RBANON FLAT LAND N ETWO RKS ON A SLOPE

SINGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE

Source: Norihiko Dan and Associates

S I E M R EAPE A P CAMBODIA Can we describe the network of terraces in site of Angkor Wat in the Cambodian jungle as a network of occupied Dz”‘‘ˆ•dzǫŠƒ–ƒ”‡–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’•„‡–™‡‡–Š‡†‹ơ‡”- ent levels and how do they imply a sense of hierarchy? Furthermore, the typology of the Hindu temple can be described as a man-made mountain. How is the exterior occupied and how does it relate to the interior? A visit to Angor Wat will generate questions, the answers of which might manifest themselves in my thinking about the urban sites I visit.

Angkor Wat. Source: http://coolaristo.blogspot.com/2012/03/angkor-wat-photos.html URBANON FLAT LAND NETWORKS ON A SLOPE

SINGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE F l o r e n c e , I t a l y

S a n t i a g o d e C o m p o s t e l a , S p a i n B o u l o g n e v a l l e y , F r a n c e

B a r c e l o n a , S p a i n

P a r i s , F r a n c e F e z , M o r o c c o

N a p l e s , I t a l y T u r i n , I t a l y

M i l a n , I t a l y C a p r i , I t a l y A t h e n s , G r e e c e M a t m a t a , T u n i s i a

C a p p a d o c i a , T u r k e y M a t e r a , I t a l y

a t a l h y k , T u r k e y

C a i r o , E g y p t

N i s i r o s , G r e e c e

STATION : Matera, Italy l May - June Anne Parmly Toxey, Phd, Berkeley and IPOGEA Itinerary I : Naples - Capri, Italy Itinerary II : Florence - Milan - Turin, Italy Itinerary III : Paris - Boulogne valley, France Itinerary IV : Cairo, Egypt Itinerary V : Matmata, Algeria - Fez, Morocco STATION : Athens, Greece l July - August University of Athens and Angeliki Stratikopoulou - Pikionis Itinerary I : Nisiros, Greece - atalh y k - Cappadocia, Turkey Itinerary II : Barcelona - Santiago de Compostela, Spain

E U R O P E / A F R I C A M A Y - A U G U S T DETAILED URBAN ANALYSIS

View of the Sassi in Matera. Source: http://paginasparaclarinha.wordpress.com Matera’s old town, the Sassi di Matera, dates from the Neolithic times, when the Ƥ”•–•‡––Ž‡”•‘ˆ–Š‡”‡‰‹‘‡š ƒ˜ƒ–‡† ƒ˜‡•ˆ‘”†™‡ŽŽ‹‰•‘ƒŽ‹‡•–‘‡ Ž‹ơǤŠ‘•‡ developed later to larger living units built amphitheatrically on the hill-side. The complexity of this urban form, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is documented in architectural catalogues and was the subject of a recent thesis by Berkeley Phd Anne Parmly Toxey.1 Toxey’s analysis focuses on the politics of preservation in the post-1950s attempts to reconstruct the old town with the help of the European Union to dispel images of poverty and backwardness associated with it until then. I am interested in this thesis, but intend to look into the details of the urban form in an analysis that is focused on the town as a paradigm for collective negotiation of ’—„Ž‹ Ȁ’”‹˜ƒ–‡•’ƒ ‡ǤŠ‡•’‡ ‹Ƥ ‘”’Š‘Ž‘‰›‘ˆ–Š‡ Ž‹ơ”‡•—Ž–‡†‹•–ƒ‹”•’ƒ••‹‰ over houses’ roofs, some of them even doubling as streets, to get to the next level.

I intend to consult with Dr Toxey before I move to Matera to identify sources and create an appropriate framework for my research. I consulted Amerigo Restucci’s study of the preservation of the Sassi, which will be a guide to focus my research ‘•’‡ ‹Ƥ ‡Ž‡‡–••— Šƒ•–Š‡‡–™‘”•‘ˆ•–”‡‡–•ƒ†Š‘™‰”‡‡‹•‹–‡‰”ƒ–‡†‹ source: Amerigo Restucci this small but densely built area.2ƒ•–Ž›ǡ ™‹ŽŽ–”›–‘‰ƒ‹ƒ ‡••–‘  ǯ•‘ƥ ‡• in Matera. IPOGEA is an organization that “enables activities enhancing the cultural 1 2 3 heritage and promoting the international role of the Sassi in connection with the Toxey. area. List” area’s inclusion in the UNESCO World Heritage List”3 and is funded by the European Union. 1 Toxey, Anne Parmly. Materan contacts: Contradictions: Architecture, Anne Toxey, architect and Adjunct Professor of Architecture,University of Texas- Preservation and Politics. 2 Restucci, Amerigo. Matera: San Antonio. [email protected] I Sassi, Manuele del Recupero. IPOGEA Via Roma 595, 50012 Bagno a Ripoli, Firenze. [email protected] 3 IPOGEA online, www.ipogea.org MAY 2012 l STATION: MATERA N A P L E S / C A P R I ITALY

As part of my travel to Naples I will embark on a brief pilgrimage journey to Casa Malaparte on the island of ƒ’”‹ǡŒ—•–‘ơ–Š‡ ‘ƒ•–‘ˆ –ƒŽ›ǤŠ‡Š‘—•‡ˆ‡ƒ–—”‡† ’”‘‹‡–Ž›‹ ‡ƒǦ—  ‘†ƒ”†ǯ•ƤŽContempt (Le Mépris) (1963) and put the seed for the development, — ŠŽƒ–‡”ƒˆ–‡” ™ƒ– Š‡†–Š‡ƤŽǡ‘ˆ–Š‹•’”‘Œ‡ –ǤŠ‡ poetic simplicity of the gesture, a building-stairwell that takes you to a platform overlooking the water, stuck ™‹–Š‡‡˜‡”•‹ ‡–Š‡ •ƒ™–Š‡ ”‡ ŠƤŽƒ‡”ǯ•”‡†‹- tion of a love story with the house as its backdrop. I will look at the roof deck’s and the stair’s detailing and docu- ment the procession, and the views as they are enabled Casa Malaparte (Adalberto Libera, 1937). Source: http://frumptonshire.blogspot.com/2011/04/casa-malaparte.html by the curved wall on the roof. Moreover, I will look at how the interior relates to the exterior form.

The Villa is open to the public during guided tours.

Vulcano Buono is a multi-function building in the outskirts of Naples. It houses a shopping center, outdoor theater and event spaces and a hotel. Renzo Piano Building Work- shop, who designed the center, describe it as “a contem- porary take on a Greek marketplace, a void as a place for events, meetings, dialogue and the gathering of people” (Archdaily). The program is housed in the extruded mass of interlocking solids in a concentric arrangement. The planted roof insulates the interior spaces and is a clear ref- erence to the mountain - or volcano - that it takes its name ˆ”‘Ǥ ƒ‹–‡”‡•–‡†•’‡ ‹Ƥ ƒŽŽ›‹–Š‡”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’‘ˆ–Š‡ green roofs to the ground and the possibility of inhabit- ing the top of the structure in addition to the central void. Moreover, I will be looking at details in the building scale that made this project possible.

Vulcano Buono (Renzo Piano Building Workshop, 2008). Source: http://www.edilportale.com/progetti/renzo-piano/nola/vulcano-buono 5303.html

URBANON FLAT LAND NETWO RKS ON A SLOPE

SINGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE Source: RPBW MAY 2012 l STATION: MATERA M I L A N / T U R INI N

‹ŽƒŠƒ•ƒ‡–”‘’‘Ž‹–ƒƒ‹”Ǣ„‘””‘™‹‰ˆ”‘‘–Š‡” world cities, it grows vertically with an acute entrepre- neurial spirit. I will assess the relative successes of Mila- nese growth from the vantage point of its Cathedral. The Duomo has a public roof terrace, which draws many visitors daily. How has the city historically responded to this old sky-platform (the Duomo was being constructed in many stages from 1386 to 1965)? What’s the relation- ship between Duomo’s roof and its surrounding build- ings? Lastly, this is an example of a pitched occupied roof. I will look at how the angle helps to create a sense of urban viewing platform and questions of water man- agement.

In Turin I will visit Fiat car manufacturer’s old Lingotto factory that was converted to a recreational complex by Renzo Piano in 1989. Lingotto factory has a race track for testing automobiles on the roof, which has been kept after the renovation. What is the relationship between the high-end hotel and the boutiques in the building with the industrial remnant on the roof? What are the slopes that the roof had to maintain for the race track and how does that work for drainage? How do you get to the roof? Lastly, what is the relationship between the tracks and helicopter landing facilities, which create yyet another pplatform in the sky? URBANON FLAT LAND NETWORKS ON A SLOPE Top: Public space on the roof of the Duomo in Milan. Source: http://www.thoriverson.com/articles web/2007/IT 02.html Bottom: Lingotto factory roof in Turin. SINGLE PLANTED ROOF Source: http://travel.nytimes.com BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE F L O R ENE N CEC E ITALY The characteristic terra-cotta roofs of Florence might not create networks of spaces per se, but a “secret passage” that traverses the city from Palazzo Vecchio over the Ponte Vecchio to the Boboli Gardens does. The Vasari corridor was built in 1564 by architect and art historian Giorgio Vasari for his client Grand Duke Cosimo de’ Medici, linking his properties in the city and on its ™ƒ›‡˜‡ƒơ‘”†‹‰’‡”•‘ƒŽ’”ƒ›‹‰”‘‘™‹–Šƒ‘’‡- ing to the interior of the church of Santa Felicita. The corridor today houses the artists’ self-portrait collection ‘ˆ–Š‡ƥœ‹‰ƒŽŽ‡”›ƒ†‹–ƒ ‡••‹„Ž‡–‘–Š‡’—„Ž‹ †—”‹‰ designated tours. I see the corridor as an example of The Vasari corridor weaving its way from Palazzo Vecchio to Palazzo Pitti. establishing movement through horizontal continuity, Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vasari Corridor 1.JPG albeit forced, within an already dense city fabric. URBANON FLAT LAND NETWORKS ON A SLOPE

S ING LE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE MAY 2012 l STATION: MATERA P A R ISI S / BOULOGNEBOULOGNE VAVALLEYLLEY FRANCE Paris has adopted an ambitious biodiversity program that envisions the reestablishment of ecological continuities within the city, on the roofs, by 2020 (Actu- Environnement). I will assess the successes of the plan by visiting some of those spaces with the assistance of Simon Kedgley, a member of the Green Party and local activist in the Vincennes outskirt of Paris.

Moreover, I will look at classic examples of green roofs in the city of Paris, such as the Palais Omnisport (Andrault- Parat, Prouv , and Guvan, 1984), an athletic center with an occupiable, sloped green roof. How was this icon on boulevard de Bercy integrated within the city fabric?

Jacob and Macfarlane studio’s Docks de Paris project is a renovation of a concrete shipping depot originally built in 1907 on the banks of the river Seine. The addition creates an exciting dialogue between old and new, regular ƒ†ƪ—‹†’ƒ––‡”•Ǥƒ™‡—†‡”•–ƒ†–Š‡™Š‘Ž‡‡™ structure as a thickened roof slab, which also manifests itself in elevation? The roof itself is a network of public space with wooden platforms and grass areas, which can be accessed through a system of ramps running on the building’s exterior. Top: Palais Omnisport (Andrault-Parat, Prouv , and Guvan, 1984). Source: http://france-for-visitors.com/photo-gallery/paris/sports/palais-omnisports.html Bottom: Docks de Paris (Jacob + Macfarlane, 2008). Source: http://www.archdaily.com/21151/docks-de-paris-jakob-macfarlane/ Source:SouS rce:J JacobJacob + Macfarlane The new building that houses the Historical Collection of the Boulogne Valley, the Historial de la Vend e was designed by a Parisian architecture collective Plan o1 Architects. Before visiting the museum, which is located outside the city of Nantes, I will visit the architecture ‘ŽŽ‡ –‹˜‡‹–Š‡‹”‘ƥ ‡•‹ƒ”‹•ƒ†ˆƒ‹Ž‹ƒ”‹•‡›•‡Žˆ with their design ethos and their process. Moreover, I will try to look at drawings of the project that will enrich the documentation process during my visit to the building. The museum’s roof is a faceted green plane that folds the landscape over the exhibition spaces, creating a “suspended meadow” (“prairie suspendue”, Plan 01 website). contacts: PLAN01, 89 rue de Reuilly 75012 Paris France +01 53 33 24 01, [email protected] L’Historial de Vendee museum (plan01 architects, 2006) Simon Kedgley, Vincennes, France Source: http://historial.vendee.fr/architecture musee.aspx simon [email protected] URBANON FLAT LAND NETWO RKS ON A SLOPE

SINGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE

Source: plan01 JUNE 2012 l STATION: MATERA MATMATAM A T M A TAT A TUNISIA The subterranean dwellings in the plateau of Matmata in southern Tunisia are a unique response to the climatic and social conditions of the region. The housing units are excavated in the limestone and other types of ground soil. The larger opening in the ground constitutes the commu- nal area (garden) and the individual rooms are arranged around it. The space of the town, then, is an example of occupied roof space. How are decisions about land division above the ground being made? I will document both the traditional dwellings and the modern responses to that tradition, as explained by Jenny Hill and Wendy Woodland (2005).

URBANON FLAT LAND NETWORKS ON A SLOPE

SINGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE

Troglodyte houses. ‘—” ‡ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥƪ‹ ”Ǥ ‘Ȁ’Š‘–‘•ȀŽ͕͚͖͖͗͘͜Ȁ͚͔͖͕͖͚͗͛͝͝Ȁ•‹œ‡•ȀŽȀ‹Ȁ’Š‘–‘•–”‡ƒȀ C A I R O EGYPT “On a small rooftop in a residential building in Maadi, Sherif Hosny has swapped satellite dishes for hydropon- ics to grow crops using mineral nutrient solutions in water, without soil. And he hopes to soon do the same to rooftops in surrounding lower-income areas” (Egypt Independent, February 7, 2012) .

I will look at urban agriculture initiatives in the post-rev- olutionary conditions in the city of Cairo. I am interested ‹–Š‡™ƒ›•–Š‡’‘’—Žƒ”‘˜‡‡–Šƒ•ƒơ‡ –‡†–Š‡ ‹–‹- zens’ engagement with their city. On the opposite end of the spectrum I will look at Aga Khan Trust’s “Conserva- Urban agriculture project in Cairo. tion and Revitalization of Darb al-Ahmar” project, where Source: http://www.cityfarmer.info/category/middle-east/ –”ƒ†‹–‹‘ƒŽȋƪƒ–”‘‘ˆȌŠ‘—•‹‰™ƒ•”‡•–‘”‡†ƒ†‹ ‡- tives were given to citizens to grow their local economy.

URBANON FLAT LAND NETWORKS ON A SLOPE

S INGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE JUNE 2012 l STATION: MATERA F E MOROCCO The medina in the old part of the city of Fez in Morocco is one of the largest and best preserved in the world. The densely built, according to traditional Arabic urban planning, which draws a lot of attention to the neighbor- Š‘‘†ƒ†˜‹•—ƒŽ’”‹˜ƒ ›ǡ ‘’”‹•‡•‘ˆŽ‘™Ǧ”‹•‡ƪƒ–Ǧ”‘‘ˆ‡† buildings . Moreover, the area’s narrow streets are completely car-free and the use of the buildings’ roofs for commercial activities, such as leather treatment (tan- neries), is well documented. I will document the already existing networks of spaces on the medina’s roofs by •‹–—ƒ–‹‰›ƒƒŽ›•‹•‹–Š‡•’‡ ‹Ƥ  —Ž–—”ƒŽ ‘–‡š–Ǥ ™‹ŽŽ look at the urban patterns that emerge in this particular type of urbanism through diagraming and I will explore the sectional qualities of the space between individual roofs.

URBANON FLAT LAND NETWORKS ON A SLOPE

SINGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE

Tanneries is Fez (top). Aerial view of the medina in Fez (bottom). ‘—” ‡•ǣŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥƪ‹ ”Ǥ ‘Ȁ’Š‘–‘•Ȁ̷͙͖͙͔͖͗͛͘͜͜Ȁ͔͕͙͛͛͗͘͘͘͜Ȁƒ†Š––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ’„ƒ•‡Ǥ ‘ DETAILED URBAN ANALYSIS

Aerial view of Athens. Source: http://www.picturesoftheplanet.com

The site of my thesis project, Athens, is a city under great sociopolitical pressure contacts: ƒ•ƒ”‡•—Ž–‘ˆ˜‹‘Ž‡–”‡•–”— –—”‹‰‘ˆ–Š‡ ‘—–”›ǯ•’—„Ž‹ Ƥƒ ‡•ƒ†›‡ƒ”•‘ˆ ‡ ‘‘‹ ‹•ƒƒ‰‡‡–ǤŠ‡ ”‡‡ ƒ’‹–ƒŽǡ™Š‡”‡ Ž‹˜‡†„”‹‡ƪ›„‡ˆ‘”‡‘˜‹‰ Aristotelis Naniopoulos, ƒ„”‘ƒ†ˆ‘”›•–—†‹‡•ǡ‹•ƒ—”‘’‡ƒ ‹–›™‹–Š‹–•”‘‘–•Ƥ”Ž›‹–Š‡‡ƒ•–ǤŠ‡”ƒ’‹† Professor of Architecture, urbanization of the 1960s - 1980s resulted in a dense urban fabric, more or less AristotleUniversity uniform in height according to neighborhood, almost completely devoid of green +30 6944186624 public spaces. The historical landmarks that are dispersed around the city create [email protected] cultural nodes that are mostly for tourist consumption and do not form an integral part of the life of the city. Angeliki Stratikopoulou - Pikionis architect I will base my proposal for creating a second ground level on the existing roofs on a +30 2242021701 detailed analysis of selected neighborhoods. I will stay for two months in the inner- [email protected] city neighborhood of Ambelokipi, which will be the beginning of my study. Before arriving in Athens I will communicate with professors in the School of Architecture at the University of Athens through Aristotelis Naniopoulos, Professor of Architec- ture and Civil Engineering at Aristotle University.

Moreover, I have access to the archives of Dimitris Pikionis, through close family friendship with Dimitris Pikionis the younger, and Angeliki Stratikopoulou - Pikionis, an architect, whom I have worked with in the past. Dimitris Pikionis is credited, together with Aris Konstadinidis, for adapting the modernist language to create ƒŽ‘ ƒŽ‹†‹‘–Šƒ–”‡•’‘†•–‘–Š‡•’‡ ‹Ƥ •‘ˆ’Žƒ ‡‹–Š‡‡†‹–‡””ƒ‡ƒ”‡‰‹‘Ǥ Among other famous projects, such as the landscaping for the park that leads to the Acropolis, Pikionis has built several apartment buildings in Athens. It is the documentation of these buildings and the architect’s writings that I am particularly interested in for this project. JULY 2012 l STATION: ATHENS N I S I R OSO S GREECE The architecture of the traditional dwellings on the vol- canic island of Nisiros in the Southeast Aegean has devel- oped water management strategies in response to the arid climate. Water is collected in the white-washed roofs and then drained into underground cisterns and used for irriga- tion. Moreover, the island’s capital, Mandraki, is built am- ’Š‹–Š‡ƒ–”‹ ƒŽŽ›‘ƒ Ž‹ơǤŠ‡†‡•‡—”„ƒ’ƒ––‡”‘ˆ–Šƒ– part of the town creates interesting networks of paths ‘†‹ơ‡”‡–Ž‡˜‡Ž•‘ˆ–Š‡‰”‘—†–Šƒ–‘ˆ–‡‰‘–Š”‘—‰Š rooftops. On the island I will study and reference drawings of the traditional dwellings. I have access to the archives of Kostas Hatziantoniou (University of Athens), who has published work on the traditional architecture of Nisisros. View of Mandraki from Panagia Spiliani. Photo by the author. URBANON FLAT LAND contact: Kostas Hatziantoniou, architect and civil engineer NETWORKS ON A SLOPE tel. 6944569772

SINGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE ATALH Y K/ CAPPADOCIA TURKEY atalh y k is one of the earliest Neolithic settlements, lo- cated in present day Turkey. “The buildings were grouped into tight quarters so that a continuous, blank wall of construction faced the countryside: no doors or windows Reconstruction of a on this side were allowed in the houses. Streets were palaiolithic dwelling with unknown. The quarter opened up with an occasional court- access from the roof. yard, which also doubled as lavatory and rubbish dump. Catal H y k site. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/ –”›–‘–Š‡Š‘—•‡•™ƒ•‘”ƒŽ›–Š”‘—‰ŠƒŠ‘Ž‡‹–Š‡ƪƒ– wiki/File:Catal H C3 BCy C3 BCk roof reached by a wooden ladder. ” (Kostof, 50). Restauration B.JPG

I will visit the archaeological site and conduct interviews with the researchers there. The atalh y k Research Proj- ect is administered by University College London. contact: Catalhoyuk Research Project, Institute of Archaeology 31-34 Gordon Square, University College London, London,WC1H OPY, UK Tel: 0044 (0)20 7679 4735 [email protected]

The landlocked area in the Turkish mainland that is known ƒ•ƒ’’ƒ†‘ ‹ƒ‹•ƒŽ‘‘•‡Ž›†‡Ƥ‡†‡–™‘”‘ˆ•‡––Ž‡‡–• that date from the Hellenistic times. The area is known for the cave dwellings carved in the limestone rocks, and New and abandoned houses in Cappadoccia. stone houses with large terraces, built amphitheatrically Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:House in Cappadocia 22.jpg on the feet of those rocks. I will look at the local treatment URBANON FLAT LAND ‘ˆ–Š‡–‘’‘‰”ƒ’Š›–‘›‹‡Ž†•’‡ ‹Ƥ ƒ” Š‹–‡ –—”ƒŽ”‡•’‘•‡• NETWORKS ON A SLOPE unique to the climate in the light of my study of Matera. SINGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE AUGUST 2012 l STATION: ATHENS BARCELONABARCELONAA SPAIN Antoni Gaudi’s roofs provide unique examples of urban platforms-as-landscapes. In Barcelona I will visit Casa Mil ’s roof terrace, which is accessible to the public, and Park G ell. Both examples attempt to translate natural forms and patterns into an architectural language. I will docu- ment the relationship of this idiosyncratic language to the city. Are those examples singular, and are they deemed successful partly because of the uniforrmity of the rest of the city fabric? I will also document the projects’ detail- ‹‰‹–Š‡†‹ơ‡”‡––”‡ƒ–‡–•‘ˆ ‘ ”‡–‡ƒ†–Š‡—•‡‘ˆ ceramic tile.

URBANON FLAT LAND NETWORKS ON A SLOPE

SINGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE

top: Park G ell. Source:http://www.themcginleys.org/espana/ bottom: Casa Mil roof terrace. Source:http://www.themcginleys.org/espana/ SANTIAGOSANTIAGODEO DE COMPOSTELACOMPOSTELAPOSTELLA SPAIN Peter Eisenman’s City of Culture is situated in the histori- ƒŽŽ›ƒ† —Ž–—”ƒŽŽ›•‹‰‹Ƥ ƒ–’‹Ž‰”‹ƒ‰‡•‹–‡‘ˆƒ–‹ƒ‰‘ de Compostela in Galicia. The project attempts to lift the ƪƒ–”—”ƒŽŽƒ†• ƒ’‡‘˜‡”–Š‡–‘’‘ˆ–Š‡„—‹Ž†‹‰‹”‹„„‘• that establish relationships between each other and the surroundings. The much publishized and equally criticised project, for the cost of construction among others, is an interesting case study of an occupiable roof on a grand scale conceived and built by one of the “grand” masters of postmodern architectural theory and practice. How does City of Culture (Peter Eisenman, 2011) the building measure up to Eisenman’s descriptions of it in Source: http://www.archdaily.com / Duccio Malagamba numerous interviews?

URBANON FLAT LAND NETWORKS ON A SLOPET

SINGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE R i o d e J a n e i r o , B r a z i l

C a r a c a s , V e n e z u e l a S a o P a u l o , B r a z i l

M e d e l l i n , C o l o m b i a

V a l p a r a i s o , C h i l e T a o s P u e b l o , N e w M e x i c o , U S A

M a c h u P i c c h u , P e r u

STATION : Sao Paulo, Brazil l September - December Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, University of Sao Paulo l Faculty contact: Angelo Bucci Itinerary I : Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Itinerary II : Valparaiso, Chile - Machu Picchu, Peru Itinerary III : Caracas, Venezuela Itinerary IV : Medellin, Colombia - Taos Pueblo, New Mexico, USA

T H E A M E R I C A S S E P T E M B E R - D E C E M B E R DETAILED URBAN ANALYSIS

Sao Paulo city-scape. ‘—” ‡ǣ ‡”‡›‘‘†Š‘—•‡ǡƤ‡ƒ”–ƒ‡”‹ ƒǤ ‘

With a population of 19,889,5591 Sao Paulo is the largest metropolitan area of the contact: •–ƒ–‹‘• ™‹ŽŽ˜‹•‹–ǡƒ†–Š‡Žƒ”‰‡•– ‹–›‹‘—–Š‡”‹ ƒǤŠ‡†‹ơ‡”‡––›’‡•‘ˆ—”„ƒ Angelo Bucci development, ranging from rehabilitated slums to high-rise clusters and the large bulk architect, SPBR and lecturer, of mid-rise apartment buildings in-between, reminiscent of my study of Athens, create Faculty of Architecture and ƒ‹–”‹ ƒ–‡ƒ”–‹Ƥ ‹ƒŽ–‡””ƒ‹ˆ‘”›’”‘’‘•ƒŽǡ‘’‡‹‰—’‡™’‘••‹„‹Ž‹–‹‡•ˆ‘”—”„ƒ Urbanism, research. In the four months that I will stay in Sao Paulo I will build up contacts with the University of Sao Paulo. Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the University of Sao Paulo (FAU USP) through Faria Lima 1234 121, architect and lecturer Angelo Bucci (visiting professor, UC Berkeley, 2006). My research S o Paulo 01451 913 “—‡•–‹‘•ˆ‘”–Š‹•Ž‡‰‘ˆ›–”‹’‹ Ž—†‡ǣ ‘™ƒ”‡†‹• ”‡’ƒ ‹‡•„‡–™‡‡†‹ơ‡”‡– tel: 55 11 3815 1171 building scales mitigated - if at all? What are some urban networks that already exist in [email protected] this vast urban fabric, eg. helicopters for transportation? How does the city attempt to –ƒ Ž‡–Š‡‘–‘”‹‘—•–”ƒƥ  ‘Œ‡•–‹‘ǫ

I chose Sao Paulo as a station for my extended stay in South America not only because I believe the scale of the city will enrich the detailed urban analysis part of my proposal, but also for reasons of easy access, due to its status as central transportation hub for South America, where I can branch out from to the other cities in this last part of my journey. 91

͕͖͔͕͔‡•—•ǡ •–‹–—–‘”ƒ•‹Ž‡‹”‘†‡ ‡‘‰”ƒƤƒ ‡•–ƒ–À•–‹ ƒβŠ––’ǣȀȀ™™™Ǥ‹„‰‡Ǥ‰‘˜Ǥ„”γ Initiatives that focus on the environmental advantages of planted roofs in Sao Paulo range from government spon- •‘”‡†‰”‡‡”‘‘ˆ•ǡ•— Šƒ•–Š‡–‘’‘ˆ†‹Ƥ ‹‘ƒ–ƒ”ƒœœ‘ǡ ƒ‘ƒ—Ž‘ǯ•—‹ ‹’ƒŽƒ†‹‹•–”ƒ–‹˜‡‘ƥ ‡•ǡ–‘‹ˆ‘”ƒ- tion campains and projects implemented by Brazil’s green roof association - Associa o de Telhados Verdes do Brasil (ATVBRASIL). Does the green open space on top of the civic „—‹Ž†‹‰‹ƪ—‡ ‡’—„Ž‹ ’‡” ‡’–‹‘‘ˆ‰‘˜‡”‡–ƒŽ’”‹‘”‹- ties (similar to Chicago’s City Hall)? I will visit the publically ƒ ‡••‹„Ž‡”‘‘ˆ‘ˆ†‹Ƥ ‹‘ƒ–ƒ”ƒœœ‘Ǥ‘”‡‘˜‡”ǡ ™‹ŽŽ ‘- tact Porto Allegre based ATVBRASIL to attend some oftheir information sessions in Sao Paulo.

†‹ˆÀ ‹‘ƒ–ƒ”ƒœœ‘Ǥ contact: Jo o Manuel Linck Feij , agronomist Source: http://www.discoveringsaopaulo.com/ Rua P o de A car 110, bairro Vila Concei o, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP 91920-700 tel. 55-51- 81447689 [email protected]

During my stay in Sao Paulo I will widen my architectural vocabulary for the purposes of this research with built examples of structures that may have occupiable roofs, showcase ideas about bridging in the building scale, or create urban terraces. One example is Lina Bo Bardi’s Sao Paulo Museum of Art. Can we imagive the legs extended, bridging over existing buildings? How is the connection between the skeleton and the box that houses the museum program detailed?

Other examples will include the work of Paulo Mendes da Rocha (Museum of Contemporary Art of the University of Sao Paulo, 1975, Brazilian Museum of Sculpture, 1988) and the building of the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the University of Sao Paulo by Jo o Batista Vilanova Artigas S o Paulo Museum of Art (Lina Bo Bardi, 1968). (1969). Source: http://www.thecoolist.com/brazilian-architecture-10-breathtaking-modern-monuments/

left to right: Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Museum of Sculpture, Gimnasio del Club Atl tico Paulista, Sao Paulo Uni- versity Contemporary Art Museum

With regards to contemporary examples of innovative roof technology I will visit Triptique architects’ Harmonia//57, a workspace and residential complex in Sao Paulo’s art- ists’ neighborhood. The building, which has been widely published and won the 2010 Austrian-based umtobel Prize, uses a system of irrigation for the vertical gardens on the walls and water catchment from the roof: “the water is the main element of this project: rain and ground water are treated and reused through a complex system whose low tech elements such as the pipes, pumps, automatic irriga- tion, etc., are highlighted, forming a sort of protective shell around the building” (Triptique).

ƒ contact: Triptique - Al. Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, 484 01442 000 Sao Paulo tel. 55 11 3081 3565 Residence in Sao Paulo’s artists’ neighborhood. (Triptique, 2008) Source: http://triptyqueblog.blogspot.fr/2012/ RIORIO DDEE JJANEIROANEIREIRO

Rio de Janeiro provides a useful counterpart to Sao Paulo’s urbanism. Here, I am interested in the informal settlements, the favelas,around the city. What is the relationship between Rocinha favela, with low structures build on a steep hill overlooking the city, to the taller buildings in the planned neighborhoods just below? Rocinha, the largest favela in Rio, has been the study of many reports, which I will be drawing from. I want to †‘ —‡–•’‡ ‹Ƥ —•‡•‘ˆ–Š‡„—‹Ž†‹‰•ǯ”‘‘ˆ•ǡ™Š‹ Š”ƒ‹•‡ issues of private/public ownership, previously explored in Matera.

During my visit to Paris, France, I will try to contact Jan Kudlicka, architect with OMLArchitecture Paris, who did a yearly study of the Rocinha favela, available online (favela rocinha project, http://issuu.com/yann.kuto/docs/ presentation favelas).

Top: Rocinha favella. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1 rocinha favela closeup.JPG Bottom: View of a Hillside neighborhood. Source: Jaqcues Langoux

Oscar Niemeyer’s Contemporary Art Museum in ‹–‡”‘‹ǡ‡ƒ”‹‘†‡ ƒ‡‹”‘ǡ‡š‡’Ž‹Ƥ‡••‘‡‘ˆ–Š‡ characteristics of the architect’s oeuvre. I am looking at Niemeyer for his tratment of the building as a sculptural object in space and the functionalist character of his work. The museum in Niteroi is a large round platform hovering over the landscape. How does the building relate to its surroundings and can we imagine this futuristic gesture “taking over” the landscape of the city?

Niteroi Contemporary Art Museum (Oscar Niemeyer, 1991) Source: http://www.panoramio.com/photo/11441975

URBANON FLAT LAND NETWORKS ON A SLOPE

SINGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE OCTOBER 2012 l STATION: SAO PAULO VALPARAISOVALPARRAISO CHILE Valparaiso’s unique urban patterns, it’s quasi-improvised urban design and its unusual system of funicular eleva- tors, recently declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, provide a useful counterpart to Rio de Janeiro’s favellas. How has the city developed through time, and how is new development happening now? Did the elevators’ —‹“—‡‘˜‡‡– ‘””‹†‘”•–Š”‘—‰Š•’ƒ ‡‹ƪ—‡ ‡†‡- cisions of urban growth? Another consideration here will be the ciity’s earthquake preparedness, as it is built in an ƒ –‹˜‡•‡‹•‹ ”‡‰‹‘Ǥ‹†–Šƒ–ˆƒ –ƒơ‡ –—”„ƒ’ƒ––‡”•ǫ †Š‘™ƒ”‡„—‹Ž†‹‰ƒ†Œƒ ‡ ‹‡•™‹–Š†‹ơ‡”‡–‘™‡”• address earthquake concerns? To anwer these questions I will contact Nina Hormazabal (M.Arch, Berkeley, 1998), director of the architecture department at Universidad Santa Maria in Valparaiso.

Moreover, I will document the addition of studio spaces on the roof of the faculty of architecture at Universidad Santa Maria by Lang Wilson. This project derives ideas both from the urban context and the creative collabora- tion within architecture schools and creates a system ‘ˆ”ƒ’•ƒ†ƪ‡š‹„Ž‡•’ƒ ‡•–Šƒ–‹’Žƒ ‡•ƒ’’‡ƒ”–‘ Dzˆƒ––‡dz–Š‡”‘‘ˆ‘ˆ–Š‡‡š‹•–‹‰•–”— –—”‡•‹‘”†‡”–‘Ƥ– the new program in a zone between the old and the new enclosure. contact: Nina Hormazabal, Director, Escuela de Arquitec- –—”ƒǡ‹˜‡”•‹†ƒ††‡ƒŽ’ƒ”ƒÀ•‘ǡ–‡ŽǤ͔͖͖͚͙͕͔͚͗͘

URBANON FLAT LAND NETWORKS ON A SLOPE Top: View of Valparaiso. Source: http://chileweb.homestead.com/valparaiso.html Bottom and Left: School of Architecture, UTFSM, Valparaiso SINGLE PLANTED ROOF (Lang Wilson, 1999) BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE Source: http://lwpac.net/news/projects/cultural-institutional/architecture-school-valparaiso/ MACHUMACHU PICCPPICCHUICCHUHU

“Machu Picchu stands 2,430 m above sea-level, in the middle of a tropical mountain forest, in an extraordinarily beautiful setting. It was probably the most amazing —”„ƒ ”‡ƒ–‹‘‘ˆ–Š‡  ƒ’‹”‡ƒ–‹–•Š‡‹‰Š–Ǣ‹–•‰‹ƒ– walls, terraces and ramps seem as if they have been cut ƒ–—”ƒŽŽ›‹–Š‡ ‘–‹—‘—•”‘ ‡• ƒ”’‡–•ǤȏǤǤǤȐŠ‡ surrounding valleys have been cultivated continuously for well over 1,000 years, providing one of the world’s ‰”‡ƒ–‡•–‡šƒ’Ž‡•‘ˆƒ’”‘†— –‹˜‡ƒǦŽƒ†”‡Žƒ–‹‘•Š‹’Ǣ the people living around Machu Picchu continue a way of life which closely resembles that of their Inca ancestors, being based on potatoes, maize and llamas” (UNESCO). What lessons - land irrigation, terrace networks - can we Machu Picchu take with regards to the analysis of the urban case stud- Source: UNESCO ies? URBANON FLAT LAND NETWORKS ON A SLOPE

S INGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE OCTOBER 2012 l STATION: SAO PAULO CARACASCARRACAS VENE UELA In Caracas I will follow the work of Urban Think Tank, an ‹–‡”†‹• ‹’Ž‹ƒ”›†‡•‹‰Ƥ”Ž‡†„›Žˆ”‡†‘”‹ŽŽ‡„‘—”‰ and Hubert Klumpner. They tackle the issue of space shortage in the city’s slums with a series of micro-inter- ventions that address the lack of public space. Caracas’s Š‹ŽŽ›–‡””ƒ‹‘ơ‡”•—‹“—‡‘’’‘”–—‹–‹‡•ˆ‘” ”‡ƒ–‹‰ urban platforms with recreational program. The vertical ‰›•–Šƒ––Š‡Ƥ”‹•‹’Ž‡‡–‹‰ƒ”‡’”‡ ‹•‡Ž›–Šƒ–ǣ inserted in the informal urban building pattern and rising ƒ„‘˜‡‡š‹•–‹‰„—‹Ž†‹‰•ǡ–Š‡›ƒ”‡ƒ ‡••‹„Ž‡‘†‹ơ‡”- ent levels and create nodes of activity, “a new tool to combat rampant street crime and gang warfare” (The Guardian).

I am in contact with Alfredo Brillembourg, a professor in ETH, urick, and founder / editor of Columbia Univer- sity’s S.L.U.M.S. LAB Magazine. He is excited with the idea of the proposal of vertical growth over the datum of existing roofs in South American cities. I will visit the Ƥ”ǯ•‘ƥ ‡•‹ƒ”ƒ ƒ•ƒ†‡‡’› ‘””‡•’‘†‡ ‡ with Brillembourg with regards to my research in South America.

contact: Alfredo Brillembourg, director Urban Think Tank Chair for Architecture and Urban Design Swiss Institute of Technology - ETH, rich [email protected]

Top: Favela in Caracas. ”„ƒŠ‹ƒƒ”ƒ ƒ•‘ƥ ‡ Source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/7728528@N08/4755400310/ †‹Ƥ ‹‘Ƥ ‹ƒ͙ Bottom: Gondola as mass transit. Source: http://www.mascontext.com/tag/caracas/ Avenida Francisco de Miranda El Rosal, 1060 Caracas, Venezuela tel. +58 (0) 212 951 73 63 / 951 09 14

URBANON FLAT LAND NETWORKS ON A SLOPE

SINGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE

Vertical Gym, (Urban Think Tank, under construction) Source: http://www.u-tt.com/projectsMenu_All.html DECEMBER 2012 l STATION: SAO PAULO MEDELLÍN COLOMBIA In Medellin I will document architectural interventions that target the regeneration of the poorest areas of the city. “Medellín ... is a tale of two cities: a formal, consolidated city built along a river valley; and a densely populated informal city that grew among the surrounding hillsides. In 1991, Colombia’s second largest city was the most violent in the world. By connecting marginalized parts of the city to its safer, more established areas, Medellín’s govern- ment has transformed it into an inclusive metropolis. Public transportation entwined with social and physical interventions has brought the homicide rate down from a high of 381 to 26 homicides per 100,000 residents in 2007” (Design with the other 90%: Cities). I will research the ways that the system was implemented in the city and look for ideas of targeted interventions that are transferable to other cities.

In particular, I will visit two of the libraries that were built as part of regional governor Sergio Fajardo’s “agenda that linked education and community development with infra- structure and glamorous architecture” (New York Times, 05.20, 2012). España Library and Leon de Grief Library Park, both built by Giancarlo Mazzanti in 2007, are good ex- amples of the governor’s goals that also have occupiable roofs and terraces, taking their cues from the surrounding built landscape. URBANON FLAT LAND Top: Metro Cable and España Library (Giancarlo Mazzanti, 2007) NETWORKS ON A SLOPE Source: http://www.architectureindevelopment.org/news.php?id=39

Bottom: Leon de Grief Library Park (Giancarlo Mazzanti, 2007) SINGLE PLANTED ROOF Source: http://www.architectureindevelopment.org/news.php?id=39 BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE TAOS PUEBLO NEW MEXICO, USA In this example of traditional Native American architecture I will explore issues of compact clusters of residential units with interspersed civic functions, water manangement, and materiality (adobe construction) as a response to climatic and cultural conditions. What is the relationship between the traditional dwellings in Tao Pueblo with new buildings in the surrounding area. I will also look at the traditional system of exterior walls without openings and ladders that could be removed to block entrance to the houses that was through the roof terrace.

URBANON A SLOPE Taos Pueblo traditional dwellings. NETWORKS ON FLAT LAND Source: http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/492/ SINGLE PLANTED ROOF BUILDINGS ROOF TERRACE Bibliography of resources in print

AlSayyad, Nezar. Hybrid urbanism : on the identity discourse and the built environment. Westport, Conn. : Praeger, 2001.

Badiou, Alain. Being and Event. Oliver Feltham (tr.). London: Continuum, 2006.

Brillembourg, Alfredo, Kristin Feireiss and Hubert Klumpner (eds). Informal City: Caracas Case. Munich: Prestel, 2005.

Broto, Carles. Roofs: Selection and Details. Barcelona: Links, 2009.

Caldeira, Teresa and James Holston. “State and Urban Space in Brazil: From Modernist Planning to Democratic Interven- tions” in Global Assemblages: Technology, Politics, and Ethics as Anthropological Problems. Aihwa Ong and Stephen J. Collier (eds). London: Blackwell, 2005: 329-416

Carroll, Rory. “Gym in the sky fights street crime in Caracas.”The Observer, 01.27.2007

Chow, Renee. Suburban space : the fabric of dwelling. Berkeley : University of California Press, 2002.

Earth Pledge. Green Roofs: Ecological Design and Construction. Atglen: Schiffer, 2005.

Grant, Gary. Green Roofs and Façades. Watford: HIS BRE Press, 2006.

Spiro, Annette. Paulo Mendes da Rocha: Works and Projects. Zurich: Niggli, 2002.

Toxey, Anne Parmly. Materan Contradictions. Farnham: Ashgate,2011.

Hell, Julia and Adreas Schönle (ed). Ruins of Modernity. Durham: Duke University Press, 2010.

Hill, Jenny and Wendy Woodland. “Globalisation and Culture: A case study of two subterranean communities in southern Tunisia.” Geography, Vol. 90, No. 1 (Spring 2005): 42-53 Jeong, Ji-seong. Sky Landscape. Seoul: CA Press, 2009.

Kostof, Spiro. A History of Architecture: Settings and Rituals. Second ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Le Corbusier, Toward An Architecture. John Goodman (tr.) Los Angeles: Getty Research Institute, 2007.

Lucket, Kelly. Green Roof Construction and Maintenance.New York: McGraw-Hill, 2009.

Martinez, Andres. Dwelling on the Roof. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, 2005.

Melet, Ed and Eric Vreedenburgh. Rooftop Architecture: Building on an Elevated Surface. Rotterdam: NAi Publishers, 2005.

Ong, Aihwa. Neoliberalism as Exception: Mutation in Citizenship and Sovereignty. Durham: Duke University Press, 2006.

Peck, Steven and Monica Kuhn. Design guidelines for green roofs. Toronto: Ontario Association of Architects, 2003.

Restucci, Amerigo. Matera: I Sassi, Manuele del Recupero. Milan: Electa, 1998.

Ruby, Ika and Andreas Ruby. “The Roof is Dead. Long Live the Roof!” Deatail, no. 7/8 (2005): 738–44.

Rudofsky, Bernard. Architecture without architects : a short introduction to non-pedigreed architecture. Garden City, N.Y. : Doubleday & Co., 1964.

Schleifer, Simone K. (ed). Cloud 9: Rooftop Architecture. Barcelona: Loft, 2010.

Stoner, Jill. Toward a Minor Architecture. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2012.

Stoner, Jill. Poems for Architects: An Anthology. San Francisco: William Stout, 2001.

Williams, Tennessee. Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. New York: Penguin, 1955.

Williams, Tennessee. Stairs to the Roof. New York: New Directions Books, 2000. APPENDIX I: First Letter

Dear J. K.,

I remember your black T-Shirt, tight on the pecks revealing just enough to make the beer from the paper bag redundant. I remember the brown paper bag. You said I was becoming a real American. Remember how you teased me for eating with a knife and fork, all proper European, the first time we went out? I use my fingers now: there’s the liberating and ground- ing feeling when I smell the yellow sauce dripping from my deeply invested fingernails.

That night you took me out for dinner in San Francisco and then we walked up the hill to Coit Tower. I remember the brown paper bag and your breath touching my ear. That night you said: I love this city, if only we could jump from roof to roof and dive into the bay. You got up, shouted let’s do it, cats do it all the time; I’ll catch you if you fall. I laughed. I said you’re crazy. I didn’t say I love you, but you lit a firework in my head that exploded in my heart. I said I’m cold. You said, man-up. I said there are laws. You said people make the laws. I said I’m afraid. You said who wouldn’t be. I said let’s go, we’ll do that another night. You said no. I felt your hand making its way up my trousers. I didn’t say anything.

There was not another night my love, as beautiful as that cold San Fran- cisco after-hours fantasy tour from above. You never mentioned it again. But now I can tell you: you were right, I was too comfortable, a complacent revolutionary, a critic of the world, and not a doer. I will prove you right my love. People make the laws, and the bridges, and the fences, and the doors, and they open them and can let you out on a diving platform over the warm blue water of the Aegean.

I sent you this letter to invite you to a journey on the rooftops of the world. Come with me to keep me company, to laugh when I’m angry, to touch me when I least expect it and talk to me about your dreams from the night before. I will sketch you mine until you come to join me to walk together on all those hot green roofs.

Singapore, 07/14/2012