S/2011/738 Consejo De Seguridad
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Dismissed! Victims of 2015-2018 Brutal Crackdowns in the Democratic Republic of Congo Denied Justice
DISMISSED! VICTIMS OF 2015-2018 BRUTAL CRACKDOWNS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO DENIED JUSTICE Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2020 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons Cover photo: “Dismissed!”. A drawing by Congolese artist © Justin Kasereka (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2020 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: AFR 62/2185/2020 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 2. METHODOLOGY 9 3. BACKGROUND: POLITICAL CRISIS 10 3.1 ATTEMPTS TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION 10 3.2 THE « GLISSEMENT »: THE LONG-DRAWN-OUT ELECTORAL PROCESS 11 3.3 ELECTIONS AT LAST 14 3.3.1 TIMELINE 15 4. VOICES OF DISSENT MUZZLED 19 4.1 ARBITRARY ARRESTS, DETENTIONS AND SYSTEMATIC BANS ON ASSEMBLIES 19 4.1.1 HARASSMENT AND ARBITRARY ARRESTS OF PRO-DEMOCRACY ACTIVISTS AND OPPONENTS 20 4.1.2 SYSTEMATIC AND UNLAWFUL BANS ON ASSEMBLY 21 4.2 RESTRICTIONS OF THE RIGHT TO SEEK AND RECEIVE INFORMATION 23 5. -
République Démocratique Du Congo: Développements Actuels
République démocratique du Congo: développements actuels Mise à jour Peter K. Meyer Berne, le 6 octobre 2011 A propos de l’auteur: Peter K. Meyer travaille de manière indépendante en qualité de trainer, de conseiller et d’expert dans les domaines de la démocratisation, de la gestion constructive des conflits et de la promotion de la paix. Impressum EDITEUR Organisation suisse d’aide aux réfugiés OSAR Case postale 8154, 3001 Berne Tél. 031 370 75 75 Fax 031 370 75 00 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.osar.ch CCP Dons: 10-10000-5 AUTEUR Peter K. Meyer LANGUES Allemand, français COPYRIGHT © 2011 Organisation suisse d’aide aux réfugiés OSAR, Berne. Copies et impressions autorisées sous réserve de la mention de la source. Sommaire 1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 1 2 Situation politique ...................................................................................... 2 2.1 La fin de la dictature Mobutu et les guerres du Congo ........................... 2 2.2 Les élections de 2006 et l’espoir de stabilité ......................................... 3 2.3 La crise politique avant les élections de 2011 ....................................... 4 3 Conditions de sécurité ................................................................................ 6 3.1 Conditions générales de sécurité .......................................................... 6 3.2 Sécurité relative à Kinshasa et à l’Ouest .............................................. 7 3.3 Violence persistante -
CAHIERS AFRICAINS AFRIKA STUDIES N° 82
CAHIERS AFRICAINS AFRIKA STUDIES n° 82 2013 Conjonctures congolaises 2012 Politique, secteur minier et gestion des ressources naturelles en RD Congo sous la direction de Stefaan Marysse et Jean Omasombo Tshonda n° 82 2013 Éditions L’Harmattan 5-7, rue de l’École-Polytechnique 75005 Paris Cahiers afriCains – afrika studies Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale (MRAC) Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika (KMMA) Section d’Histoire du Temps présent (anciennement Institut africain/Cedaf) Afdeling Eigentijdse Geschiedenis (voorheen Afrika Instituut-ASDOC) Secrétaire de rédaction : Edwine Simons Cet ouvrage a fait l’objet d’une procédure d’évaluation scientifique. Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080 Tervuren, Belgique Tél. : + 32 2 769 58 47 Fax : + 32 2 769 58 20 E-mail : [email protected] Site : http://www.africamuseum.be/research/dept4/research/dept4/africainstitute/index_html Conditions de vente : www.africamuseum.be/research/publications ; [email protected] Couverture : Conception graphique : Mieke Dumortier. Photo de couverture : Le terril à contre-jour, photo Thierry De Putter © MRAC. Photos de quatrième couverture : Le stacker de la Gécamines (Kolwezi) ; Lavage dans la mine artisanale de Kalabi, photos Thierry De Putter © MRAC. Les activités de la Section d’Histoire du Temps présent sont financées par le SPP Politique scientifique et par la Coopération belge au développement. Ce « Cahier » a reçu un appui financier de la Loterie nationale et de l’E-CA – CRE-AC. http://www.eca-creac.eu © Musée royal de l’Afrique centrale et © L’Harmattan, 2013 5-7, rue de l’École-Polytechnique ; 75005 Paris http://www.librairieharmattan.com [email protected] [email protected] ISBN : EAN : 2 Sommaire Conjonctures congolaises 2012 Renaissance du secteur minier ..........................................................9 La renaissance spectaculaire du secteur minier en RDC : où va la rente minière ? par Stefaan Marysse et Claudine Tshimanga .................................................11 1. -
Scramble for the Congo; Anatomy of an Ugly
SCRAMBLE FOR THE CONGO ANATOMY OF AN UGLY WAR 20 December 2000 ICG Africa Report N° 26 Nairobi/Brussels Table of Contents MAPS DRC: MONUC Deployment ............................................................................. i DRC: Deployment of Other Forces ................................................................ ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................................... iii I. INTRODUCTION................................................................................... 1 II. THE STALEMATE ON THE CONVENTIONAL FRONTLINES .................... 2 A. The Equateur Front ............................................................................. 4 B. The Kasai and Katanga Fronts............................................................. 6 C. Rwanda and Uganda Also Come to Blows........................................... 8 D. Conclusion to the Military Situation.................................................. 10 III. THE MANAGEMENT OF CHAOS: THE REBEL WAR EFFORT AND ITS CONSEQUENCES ................................................................................ 11 A. The Breakdown of the Rwandan-Ugandan Alliance.......................... 11 B. Rwanda and Burundi’s Unfinished Civil Wars, and Local conflicts in the Kivus ........................................................................................... 11 1. The Rwandan Patriotic Army versus ALiR ........................................... 11 2. The Burundian Armed Forces versus the FDD/FNL .............................. 18 3. The Failure of the RCD..................................................................... -
Victims of 2015-2018 Brutal Crackdowns in the Democratic Republic of Congo Denied Justice
DISMISSED! VICTIMS OF 2015-2018 BRUTAL CRACKDOWNS IN THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO DENIED JUSTICE Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2020 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons Cover photo: “Dismissed!”. A drawing by Congolese artist © Justin Kasereka (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2020 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: AFR 62/2185/2020 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 2. METHODOLOGY 9 3. BACKGROUND: POLITICAL CRISIS 10 3.1 ATTEMPTS TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION 10 3.2 THE « GLISSEMENT »: THE LONG-DRAWN-OUT ELECTORAL PROCESS 11 3.3 ELECTIONS AT LAST 14 3.3.1 TIMELINE 15 4. VOICES OF DISSENT MUZZLED 19 4.1 ARBITRARY ARRESTS, DETENTIONS AND SYSTEMATIC BANS ON ASSEMBLIES 19 4.1.1 HARASSMENT AND ARBITRARY ARRESTS OF PRO-DEMOCRACY ACTIVISTS AND OPPONENTS 20 4.1.2 SYSTEMATIC AND UNLAWFUL BANS ON ASSEMBLY 21 4.2 RESTRICTIONS OF THE RIGHT TO SEEK AND RECEIVE INFORMATION 23 5. -
Congo: the Electoral Dilemma
CONGO: THE ELECTORAL DILEMMA Africa Report N°175 – 5 May 2011 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. OPPOSITION AND MAJORITY GETTING READY FOR THE BATTLE ............ 2 A. THE MAJORITY ON THE CAMPAIGN TRAIL ................................................................................... 2 1. A strategy combining a charm offensive and taking control ....................................................... 3 2. Internal reorganisation of the majority ......................................................................................... 5 B. A PLURALIST OPPOSITION IN SEARCH OF UNITY .......................................................................... 6 1. Dialogue and regrouping .............................................................................................................. 6 2. Leadership struggles, internal dissension and local competition ................................................. 7 III. THE ELECTIONS IN 2011: A VERY RISKY RACE AGAINST TIME ................... 9 A. RISK OF UNCONSTITUTIONALITY ................................................................................................. 9 B. RISK OF BIAS ............................................................................................................................. 11 C. SECURITY RISK ......................................................................................................................... -
The Mulele “Rebellion” in Post-Colonial D
Violence and Memory: The Mulele “Rebellion” in Post-colonial D. R. Congo Emery Masua Kalema Student Number: 723307 A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) Supervising committee: Professor Achille Mbembe Professor Eric Worby Dr Catherine Burns Dr Maria Suriano Johannesburg, February 2017 © Emery Masua Kalema Abstract Between 1963 and 1968, Pierre Mulele, previously Minister of National Education in the first post-colonial government of the Democratic Republic of Congo, led a rebellion in Kwilu province against the Congolese government. Strongly opposed to the new form of colonialism expressed in the “Belgo-Congolese dream,” Mulele took up arms to change the order of things. This thesis is about the suffering caused by this rebellion, the reproduction of this suffering across time, and its inscription in the imaginary of the survivors and, indirectly, the Congolese state and various political regimes in power in Kinshasa from the 1960s to the present. It is the overall question of the “imaginaries of suffering” that drives the analysis: suffering as what people experienced in the concrete conditions of existence during the rebellion; suffering experienced by the body during the rebellion; suffering as what the “body” remembers because it carries visible marks, recognizable by the self and others; and suffering as what leaves marks in the minds of the suffering subjects. The thesis is also about power, its meaning, and the complex interplay of forces between power, memory, and suffering. It draws on evidence from archival materials, oral testimonies, and debates from philosophy, history, anthropology, literary studies, and medical humanities published over the last thirty years by scholars from Europe, Asia, the Americas and Africa. -
FROM KABILA to KABILA PROSPECTS for PEACE in the CONGO 16 March 2001
FROM KABILA TO KABILA PROSPECTS FOR PEACE IN THE CONGO 16 March 2001 ICG Africa Report N° 27 Nairobi/Brussels Table of Contents MAP OF DRC: MONUC DEPLOYMENT .................................................................. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................ ii I. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................... 1 II. NEW PLANS FOR DISENGAGEMENT AND DISARMAMENT: A DIFFICULT ROAD AHEAD......................................................................... 2 A. Resolution 1341: The Return of the French ........................................ 3 B. Less is Better: MONUC’s New Concept of Operations ......................... 4 C. The MONUC Disengagement Operation .............................................. 6 D. Disarmament: At Last, a Plan of Action?............................................. 9 1. Rwanda and the Interahamwe/ex-FAR ................................................... 9 2. International Support for Disarmament, Demobilisation, Resettlement and Reintegration (DDRR)?.................................................................. 11 III. THE INTER-CONGOLESE DIALOGUE: THE GREAT UNKNOWN .................. 12 A. Joseph Kabila’s Uneasy Situation...................................................... 12 1. Seducing the West: Kabila’s Search for Legitimacy. ............................... 12 2. But There is Trouble in Kinshasa .......................................................... 14 3. The Internal Front: Continued Repression............................................ -
The National Army and Armed Groups in the Eastern Congo Untangling the Gordian Knot of Insecurity Rift Valley Institute | Usalama Project
RIFT VALLEY INSTITUTE | USALAMA PROJECT UNDERSTANDING CONGOLESE ARMED GROUPS THE NATIONAL ARMY AND ARMED GROUPS IN THE EASTERN CONGO UNTANGLING THE GORDIAN KNOT OF INSECURITY RIFT VALLEY INSTITUTE | USALAMA PROJECT The national army and armed groups in the eastern Congo Untangling the Gordian knot of insecurity JASON STEARNS JUDITH VERWEIJEN MARIA ERIKSSON BAAZ Published in 2013 by the Rift Valley Institute 1 St Luke’s Mews, London W11 1DF, United Kingdom PO Box 52771 GPO, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya THE USALAMA PROJECT The Rift Valley Institute’s Usalama Project documents armed groups in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The project is supported by Humanity United and Open Square, and undertaken in collaboration with the Catholic University of Bukavu. THE RIFT VALLEY INSTITUTE (RVI) The Rift Valley Institute (www.riftvalley.net) works in Eastern and Central Africa to bring local knowledge to bear on social, political, and economic development. THE AUTHORS Jason Stearns is the Director of the RVI Usalama Project. Author of Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: The Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa, he was formerly the Coordinator of the UN Group of Experts on the DRC. Judith Verweijen is a Researcher at the Nordic Africa Institute in Uppsala, Sweden and the Conflict Research Group at Ghent University, Belgium. She has undertaken extensive research on state and non-state armed forces in North and South Kivu, focusing on their internal workings and civilian-military interaction. Maria Eriksson Baaz is an Associate Professor at the School of Global Studies, University of Gothenburg and a Senior Researcher at the Nordic Africa Institute in Uppsala, Sweden. -
S/2011/738 Security Council
United Nations S/2011/738 Security Council Distr.: General 2 December 2011 Original: English Letter dated 29 November 2011 from the Chair of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the President of the Security Council On behalf of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and in accordance with paragraph 5 of Security Council resolution 1952 (2010), I have the honour to submit herewith the final report of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In this connection, I would appreciate it if the present letter, together with its enclosure, were brought to the attention of the members of the Council and issued as a document of the Council. (Signed) Maria Luiza Ribeiro Viotti Chair 11-55632 (E) 291211 *1155632* S/2011/738 Enclosure Letter dated 18 October 2011 from the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo addressed to the Chair of the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1533 (2004) The members of the Group of Experts on the Democratic Republic of the Congo have the honour to transmit herewith the final report of the Group, prepared in pursuance of paragraph 5 of Security Council resolution 1952 (2010). (Signed) Fred Robarts (Signed) Nelson Alusala (Signed) Ruben de Koning (Signed) Steven Hege (Signed) Marie Plamadiala (Signed) Steven Spittaels 2 11-55632 S/2011/738 Summary Foreign and Congolese armed groups are positioning themselves for the campaign and post-electoral periods in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. -
FROM KABILA to KABILA PROSPECTS for PEACE in the CONGO 16 March 2001
FROM KABILA TO KABILA PROSPECTS FOR PEACE IN THE CONGO 16 March 2001 ICG Africa Report N° 27 Nairobi/Brussels Table of Contents MAP OF DRC: MONUC DEPLOYMENT .................................................................. i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS............................................ ii I. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................... 1 II. NEW PLANS FOR DISENGAGEMENT AND DISARMAMENT: A DIFFICULT ROAD AHEAD......................................................................... 2 A. Resolution 1341: The Return of the French ........................................ 3 B. Less is Better: MONUC’s New Concept of Operations ......................... 4 C. The MONUC Disengagement Operation .............................................. 6 D. Disarmament: At Last, a Plan of Action?............................................. 9 1. Rwanda and the Interahamwe/ex-FAR ................................................... 9 2. International Support for Disarmament, Demobilisation, Resettlement and Reintegration (DDRR)?.................................................................. 11 III. THE INTER-CONGOLESE DIALOGUE: THE GREAT UNKNOWN .................. 12 A. Joseph Kabila’s Uneasy Situation...................................................... 12 1. Seducing the West: Kabila’s Search for Legitimacy. ............................... 12 2. But There is Trouble in Kinshasa .......................................................... 14 3. The Internal Front: Continued Repression............................................