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ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000). -
VKM Rapportmal
VKM Report 2016: 36 Assessment of the risks to Norwegian biodiversity from the import and keeping of terrestrial arachnids and insects Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered species of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety Report from the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) 2016: Assessment of risks to Norwegian biodiversity from the import and keeping of terrestrial arachnids and insects Opinion of the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered species of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety 29.06.2016 ISBN: 978-82-8259-226-0 Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) Po 4404 Nydalen N – 0403 Oslo Norway Phone: +47 21 62 28 00 Email: [email protected] www.vkm.no www.english.vkm.no Suggested citation: VKM (2016). Assessment of risks to Norwegian biodiversity from the import and keeping of terrestrial arachnids and insects. Scientific Opinion on the Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered species of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety, ISBN: 978-82-8259-226-0, Oslo, Norway VKM Report 2016: 36 Assessment of risks to Norwegian biodiversity from the import and keeping of terrestrial arachnids and insects Authors preparing the draft opinion Anders Nielsen (chair), Merethe Aasmo Finne (VKM staff), Maria Asmyhr (VKM staff), Jan Ove Gjershaug, Lawrence R. Kirkendall, Vigdis Vandvik, Gaute Velle (Authors in alphabetical order after chair of the working group) Assessed and approved The opinion has been assessed and approved by Panel on Alien Organisms and Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). Members of the panel are: Vigdis Vandvik (chair), Hugo de Boer, Jan Ove Gjershaug, Kjetil Hindar, Lawrence R. -
Ecological Assessment
ENNOR FARM ISLES OF SCILLY ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT January 2021 8128.002 Version 5.0 Document Title Ennor Farm Ecological Assessment Prepared for CampbellReith Prepared by TEP Ltd Document Ref 8128.002 Author Gemma Hassall Date October 2020 Checked Lee Greenhough Approved Lee Greenhough Amendment History Check / Modified Version Date Approved Reason(s) issue Status by by Minor update to reflect design freeze and Final for client 2.0 01/12/2020 RAR LG additional appendix approval Inclusion of CampbellReith Drainage 3.0 16/12/2020 LG RAR Strategy plan (ref 13394-CRH-XX-XX-DR-C- Final 5050-P2 Drainage Strategy) January CampbellReith update of proposed layout 4.0 - - For submission 2021 plan Amendment to reflect additional tree removal Final for 5.0 11/01/2021 RAR LG and replacement required to accommodate Planning Issue visibility splay; phase 1 map correction Ennor Farm St. Mary’s, Isles of Scilly Ecological Assessment Contents Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 2 Site Description ....................................................................................................... 2 2.0 METHODS............................................................................................................... 4 Desktop Study ......................................................................................................... 4 Habitat -
The Stick-Insects of Great Britain, Ireland and the Channel Isles by Malcolm Lee, Gullrock, Port Gaverne, Port Isaac, Cornwall
The Phasmid Study Group SEPTEMBER 2006 NEWSLETTER No 107 This Newsletter looks fantastic ISSN 0268-3806 in full colour. Go to the members' area of the PSG INDEX Website to view &/or download. National Insect Week Page 5 Page Content The Colour Page Editorial, Diary Dates, PSG Committee Stick Talk National Insect Week Eurycantha calcarata Observations The Kettering Show, Phasmids in the News Respiration in Phasmids Collecting in Thailand, Additions to Culture list PSG Summer Meeting Plea for Comments on Future PSG Meetings Database of Natural History Museum in Vienna Word Scramble, New Editor Needed for Newsletter Defensive Tactics in Phasmids Report on Pestival Word Scramble Answers, Survey Results, PSG Merchandise, Wants & Exchanges, Members' Website Password, Helpful Taxonomists Wanted Stick Insects of Great Britain Phaenopharos khaoyaiensis Article , Obituary. PSG Summer Meeting, Page 11. Which is the ant, which the nymph? Page15. NOTICE It is to be directly understood that all views, opinions or theories, expressed in the pages of "The Newsletter", are those of the author(s) concerned. All announcements of meetings, requests for help or information, are accepted as bona fide. Neither the Editor, nor Officers and Committee of "The Phasmid Study Group", can be held responsible for any loss, embarrassment or injury that might be sustained by reliance thereon. September 2006 Website: www.stickinsect.org.uk Newsletter 107.1 THE COLOUR PAGE! sp. by Chris Pull September 2006 Website: www.stickinsect.org.uk Newsletter 107.2 Editorial Welcome to the September PSG Newsletter; please read and enjoy. I am amazed at the wonderful " 'V^-r«, response I had when seeking contributions for this Newsletter. -
©Zoologische Staatssammlung München;Download: Http
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Spixiana, Zeitschrift für Zoologie Jahr/Year: 1994 Band/Volume: 017 Autor(en)/Author(s): Carlberg Ulf Artikel/Article: Bibliography of Phasmida (Insecta). VII. 1985-1989 179- 191 ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München;download: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at SPIXIANA ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München;download: http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.biologiezentrum.at Allred, M. L., Stark, B. P. & Lentz, D. L. 1986. Egg capsule morphology of Anisomorpha buprestoides (Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae). - Ent. News 97: 169-174 Baccetti, B. 1985. Evolution of the sperm cell. In: Metz, C. B. & Monroy, A. (Eds.), Biology of Fertilization, vol. 2, pp. 3-58. New York (Academic Press) - - 1987a. Spermatozoa and stick insect phylogeny. - In: Mazzini & Scali (Eds.) 1987: 177-123 - - (Ed.) 1987b. Evolutionary Biology of Orthopteroid Insects. Chichester (EUis Horwood), 1-612 pp. - - 1987c. Spermatozoa and phylogeny in orthopteroid insects. - In: Baccetti (Ed.) 1987c: 12-112 Bart, A. 1988. Proximal leg regeneration in Cmmisius morosus: growth, intercalation and proximaliza- tion. - Development 102: 71-84 Bässler, U. 1985. Proprioceptive control of stick insect Walking. - In: Gewecke & Wendler (Eds.) 1985: 43-48 - - 1986a. On the definition of central pattern generator and its sensory control. - Biol. Cybern. 54: 65-69 - - 1986b. Afferent control of Walking movements in the stick insect C/;n/af/fna impigra. 1. Decerebrated - 345-349 animals on a treadband. J. Comp Physiol. A 158: - - - 1986c. Ibid. 11. Reflex reversal and the release of the swing phase in the restrained foreleg. J. Comp. Physiol. A 158: 351-362 - - 1987a. Timing and shaping influences on the motor Output for Walking in stick insects. -
Journal of the Society for British Entomology
ti J>- c . 6 7S. 7t HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY OF THE Museum of Comparative Zoology MBS. COW. Z30L Limy MHINtt UNIVERSITY HKTfflTZPi LiBnAi.il JUL 14 196 Journal UNIVERSITY OF THE Society for British Entomology World List abbreviation:^. Soc. Brit. Ent. VOL. 5 EDITED BY J. H. MURGATROYD, F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.R.E.S. E. J. POPHAM, D.Sc., Ph.D., A.R.C.S., F.R.E.S. WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF W. A. F. BALFOUR-BROWNE, M.A., F.R.S.E., F.L.S., F.Z.S., F.R.E.S., F.S.B.E. W. D. HINCKS, M.Sc.j F.R.E.S. B. M. HOBBY, M.A., D.Phil., F.R.E.S. G. J. KERRICH, M.A., F.L.S., F.R.E.S. O. W. RICHARDS, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.E.S., F.S.B.E. W. H. T. TAMS 1 955- 1 957 BOURNEMOUTH AND MANCHESTER DATES OF PUBLICATION Vol. 5 Part 1 (1-46). .14* July, 1954 Part 2 (47-90). .15th November, 1954 Part 3 (91-118). 1955 Part 4 (119-142). 1955 Part 5 (143-178). 1956 Part 6 (179-198). 1956 Part 7 (199-230). 1957 CONTENTS PAGE Andrewes, C. H.: Helocera delecta Mg. and other uncommon Diptera in the Isle of Wight. 164 Bailey, R.: Observations on the size of galls formed on couch grass by a Chalcidoid of the genus Harmolita. 199 Brown, William L., Jnr.: The identity of the British Strongylognathus (Hym. Formicidae). 113 Chambers, V. H.: Further Hymenoptera records from Bedfordshire. -
The Stick Tip Exchange 7
The Phasmid Study Group DECEMBER 2014 NEWSLETTER No 133 ISSN 0268-3806 2015 Membership Renewal Due. No price increase! See Enclosed Form, page 6. © Paul Brock Pseudophasma lakini photo by Curtis Lakin (See Page 7) INDEX Page Content Page Content 2. The Colour Page 9. PSG Census 3. Editorial 10. Food Plant Consumption Survey 3. Obituary: John Sellick 12. Identification of PSG 332 3. The PSG Committee 15. Alien Phasmids Spreading on the Isles of Scilly 4. Livestock Report 18. The Jungle Nymph 4. Name the Species Competition 19. Wordsearch Answers 5. Agenda, PSG AGM & Winter Meeting 20. Recent Additions to the Culture List 6. Membership Renewal 21. Phasma Meeting Report 7. Return of the Phasmid Book Review 21. The Stick Tip Exchange 7. A Note on Pseudophasma lakini 22. Stick Tripadvisor 8. PSG Meeting Livestock Exchange 22. Sticktalk 8. Stick Countries Wordsearch 22. Contributions to the Newsletter 8. PSG AGM & Winter Meeting Details 22. Diary Dates 9. London Zoo Visit 23. Photos of Phasmid Eggs 9. NZ Book Review 24. Lichen or Ets? the author(s) concerned. All announcements of meetings, It is to be directly understood that all views, opinions or theories, expressed in the pages of "The Newsletter“ are those of and requests for help or information, are accepted as bona fide. Neither the Editor, nor Officers of "The Phasmid Study Group", can be held responsible for any loss, embarrassment or injury that might be sustained by reliance thereon. THE COLOUR PAGE! ALL PHOTOS, ABOVE AND LEFT, ARE BY INGRID HAYETTE: Top Left – Male & Female Tirachoidea biceps Top Middle Left – PSG278 Phyllium philippinicum Top Middle Right – PSG339 M&F Medaurini sp Top Right – PSG281 Pterinoxylus crassus Bottom Left – Female Tirachoidea biceps Bottom Middle & Right – PSG278 Phyllium philippinicum Close up portion of Below, two photos from photo on left. -
List of Invertebrates on Mokoia Island, Lake Rotorua
List of invertebrates on Mokoia Island, Lake Rotorua M J Meads and B M Fitzgerald Ecological Research Associates of New Zealand Inc PO Box 48-147 Silverstream Upper Hutt Published by Department of Conservation Head Office, PO Box 10-420 Wellington, New Zealand This report was commissioned by Bay of Plenty Conservancy. ISSN 1171-9834 © 2001 Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 10-420, Wellington, New Zealand Reference to material in this report should be cited thus: Meads, M.J.; Fitzgerald, B.M., 2001. List of invertebrates on Mokoia Island, Lake Rotorua. Conservation Advisory Science Notes No. 343, Department of Conservation, Wellington. Keywords: invertebrates, Lepidoptera, spiders, mouse diet, Mokoia Island, Lake Rotorua. Abstract A survey of invertebrates was undertaken on Mokoia Island, Lake Rotorua, for three days in February 2000, with the emphasis on larger ground-dwelling species that might be important in the diet of house mice, or which might recover in numbers when mice are eradicated. A few additional species taken in pitfall traps by R.W. Griffiths in 1999 and 2000 have been included in the list. The species list comprises 124 taxa, including 51 species of spiders in 23 families, 18 species of beetles in 11 families, and 14 species of Lepidoptera in 9 families. Species typical of the forest floor were poorly represented, and this may re- flect the long history of modification and clearing of the forest, and of the presence of mice and Norway rats on the island. Also, rare species on the forest floor may be missed during a brief survey such as this, but may be recorded during the current programme of pitfall trapping. -
The Stick Insect “Tip Exchange” 5
The Phasmid Study Group JUNE 2015 NEWSLETTER No 134 ISSN 0268-3806 Phyllium ericoriai see Page 21. Photo: Chris Wilson. Phyllium giganteum, see Page 21. Argosarchus horridus female - at 15 cm it is the longest New Zealand species! Read more on Page 10. Photo: Paul D. Brock. Photo: Chris Wilson. INDEX Page Content Page Content 2. Editorial 14. Stick Talk 2. PSG Summer Meeting 2015 15. Planning a Community Cage 2. The PSG Committee 16. Phasmids in the News 3. Agenda for PSG Summer Meeting 2015 16. Phobaeticus chani or Chan’s Megastick 4. Livestock Report 16. PSG 160 Trachythorax maculicollis 4. The Disappearing Stick Insects 18. The Stick Insect “Tip Exchange” 5. A Comprehensive Guide to Insects of Britain & Ireland 19. My Five Tips and Tricks for Improving Your Macro 5. Beach Huts and Stick Insects! Photography 6. AGM & PSG Winter Meeting 24th January 2015 21. Macro Photography 7. The Midland Entomological Fayre 22. Stick & Leaf Insects of Australia - Book 8. Illustrated Notes on Paronchestus charon in Queensland, Australia 22. Insect Man at Prances 26.4.15 10. Phasmids of New Zealand 1 – the Wellington Area 23. Phasmid Food 13. An Updated checklist of New Zealand Phasmids 24. Diapherodes gigantea Female Moulting It is to be directly understood that all views, opinions or theories, expressed in the pages of "The Newsletter“ are those of the author(s) concerned. All announcements of meetings, and requests for help or information, are accepted as bona fide. Neither the Editor, nor Officers of "The Phasmid Study Group", can be held responsible for any loss, embarrassment or injury that might be sustained by reliance thereon. -
Johann Jakob Kaup As the Founder of Phasmatodean Ootaxonomy
Oliver Zompro Johann Jakob Kaup as the founder of phasmatodean ootaxonomy Author’s address: Oliver Zompro, Max-Planck-Institut für Limnologie, AG Tropenökologie, August-Thienemann-Straße 2, D. 24306 Plön, Germany; [email protected] Abstract The ootaxonomy has become an important feature for any research in the systematic arrangement of the insect order Phasmatodea. The idea to use the eggs for this purpose originated from Johann Jakob Kaup (1803-1873), but unfortunately it took more than a century until authors followed his idea again. In this publication, the importance of Kaup’s idea is discussed and the eggs and taxa of Phasmatodea described by him are listed. Kurzfassung Die Ootaxonomie hat sich zu einem bedeutenden Hilfsmittel für die Systematik der Phasmatodea entwickelt. Die Idee, die Eier hierfür zu verwenden, stammt ursprünglich von Johann Jakob Kaup (1803-1873), doch leider hat es mehr als ein Jahrhundert gedauert bis weitere Autoren dieser Idee gefolgt sind. In dieser Arbeit wird die Bedeutung von Kaups Idee erörtert, und die von ihm beschriebenen Eier und Arten der Phasmatodea werden aufgelistet. Introduction Unfortunately, it took more than 100 years until The first Phasmatodean egg figured in the literature subsequent authors considered the value of stick was that of Heteropteryx dilatata (PARKINSON, 1798), insect eggs for their taxonomy again. J.T. Clark presented in an excellent colour picture in its natural (later publishing under the names J.T. Clark-Sellick size and also magnified. It was followed by a detailed or J.T. C. Sellick) standardized the terminology for description of an egg by M Ü LLER (1825). -
Some Notes on the Occurrence of Phasmatodea in Oceania
Pacific Insects Monograph 2: 107-121 August 10, 1961 SOME NOTES ON THE OCCURRENCE OF PHASMATODEA IN OCEANIA By Setsuko Nakata BERNICE P. BISHOP MUSEUM, HONOLULU, HAWAII Commonly known as the walkingsticks, or stick or leaf insects, because of their re markable adaptation and resemblance to their immediate environment, the Phasmatodea are among the most striking and largest of all insects. They are of particular interest and sig nificance to zoogeography in the Pacific. In the following discussion, which is basically a review of the distribution of phasma- tids of Oceania with some preliminary notes on their faunal relationships and dispersal, much information has been obtained from papers by K. Gunther who has studied and pub lished extensively on the taxonomy and zoogeography of Phasmatodea of most regions of the world during the past 35 years. His last comprehensive treatment of the Oceania phas- matids appeared in 1932. Undoubtedly, additional collections during the past 29 years should add considerable knowledge to the understanding of phasmatid distribution and ori gin, but are still largely unstudied. Because of the inaccessibility of some of the pertinent literature concerning this group, the notes presented are from available sources only, and thus some of the records may be incomplete. Hence, the generalizations are not considered conclusive. The system of classification of the Phasmatodea followed herein is based on Gunther (1953) who included keys and discussed distribution and relationships and partly revised the only monograph of the group by Brunner and Redtenbacher (1907-1908). Though considered a monumental work, the monograph has been adversely criticized (Karny 1923). -
Erich Hunter Tilgner
SYSTEMATICS OF PHASMIDA by ERICH HUNTER TILGNER (Under the Direction of Dr. Joseph V. McHugh) ABSTRACT The results of a cladistic analysis of Phasmida are presented. The study is based on an examination of the morphology of the exoskeleton of the adult female form and egg capsule. Thirty-two species of Phasmida were included along with representatives of Isoptera, Grylloblattodea, Embiidina, and Orthoptera: Ensifera and Caelifera. Hypotheses of Phasmida and Euphasmida monophyly were not falsified. Contrary to preconceived expectations, Orthomeria pandora (Westwood) and Dajaca monilicornis Redtenbacher formed a clade at the base of the Euphasmida tree, one node below Agathemera maculafulgens Camousseight which was presumed to be the most basal Euphasmida taxon. Areolatae, Anareolatae, Pseudophasmatidae, Bacillidae, Phasmatidae, Heteronemiidae, Pseudophasmatinae, Bacillinae, Cladomorphinae, Phasmatinae, Necrosciinae, Lonchodinae, sensu Bradley & Galil were not monophyletic, but Heteronemiinae were monophyletic. A review of the Phasmida fossil record is provided. No fossils of Timema Scudder are known. Euphasmida fossils include: Agathemera reclusa Scudder, Electrobaculum gracilis Sharov, Eophasma oregonense Sellick, Eophasma minor Sellick, Eophasmina manchesteri Sellick, Pseudoperla gracilipes Pictet, Pseudoperla lineata Pictet and various unclassified species from Grube Messel, Baltic amber, and Dominican Republic amber. The oldest documented Euphasmida fossils are 44-49 million years old; molecular clock dating underestimates the origin of the sister group Timema by at least 24 million years. The phasmid Lamponius nebulosus new species is described. It is endemic to the cloud forest habitat of the Luquillo Experimental Forest (altitude above 762m). Females look like sticks overgrown with lichens or moss. Host plants include Miconia sp. (Melastomataceae) and Guzmania sp. (Bromeliaceae) and possibly Tabebuia rigida Urban (Bignoniaceae) and Calycogonium squamulosum Cogniaux (Melastomataceae).