DOCSLIB.ORG

Report Kent Downs AONB Test and Trials Viticulture Research Project No

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Report Kent Downs AONB Test and Trials Viticulture Research Project No Report Kent Downs AONB Test and Trials viticulture research project No. 1 - Biodiversity, ecosystem services and sustainable viticulture Prepared for : Vinescapes By : Dr Mary Retallack Date : 26 August 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW ................................................................................................. 10 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 13 Background ........................................................................................................................................................... 13 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 13 Brief ....................................................................................................................................................................... 14 Deliverables ........................................................................................................................................................... 14 What was done? .................................................................................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER 2: SETTING THE SCENE ............................................................................... 15 The future for food, farming and the environment ............................................................................ 15 Farming for the future and environmental land management ............................................................................... 15 The Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) ............................................................................ 15 CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................... 18 Functional biodiversity ...................................................................................................................... 18 Landscape simplification ....................................................................................................................................... 18 The role of ecosystem services ............................................................................................................................. 19 Enhancing biodiversity .......................................................................................................................................... 20 Arthropods ........................................................................................................................................ 21 Functional groups: pests ....................................................................................................................................... 21 Functional groups: predators ................................................................................................................................. 23 Higher order predators ..................................................................................................................... 23 Predatory birds ...................................................................................................................................................... 23 Insect eating mammals ......................................................................................................................................... 23 Reptiles ................................................................................................................................................................. 25 Insectary plants ................................................................................................................................ 26 Native insectary habitat ......................................................................................................................................... 26 SNAP ..................................................................................................................................................................... 26 ‘Random’ versus directed approaches .................................................................................................................. 26 Introduced insectary species ................................................................................................................................. 26 Screening and ranking candidate insectary species ............................................................................................. 27 Location of insectary plantings .............................................................................................................................. 28 Associations between predators and insectary plants .......................................................................................... 28 Multi-species interactions ...................................................................................................................................... 29 Seasonal synchrony and overwintering ................................................................................................................. 30 Assumptions about native insectary ...................................................................................................................... 31 International examples .......................................................................................................................................... 32 Page 2 | Report: Kent Downs AONB Test and trials viticulture research project No. 1, 26 August 2020 CHAPTER 4: POTENTIAL CANDIDATE NATIVE PLANT SPECIES .............................. 35 Background ...................................................................................................................................... 35 Kent Downs AONB Vision ..................................................................................................................................... 35 Overview ............................................................................................................................................................... 35 Context .................................................................................................................................................................. 35 Chalk grassland ..................................................................................................................................................... 36 Meadow grassland ................................................................................................................................................ 36 Hedgerows ............................................................................................................................................................ 37 Habitat for endangered species ............................................................................................................................ 37 International insights on enhancing functional biodiversity ................................................................................... 38 Advantages of native ground cover ....................................................................................................................... 38 Potential candidate native insectary plant species ................................................................................................ 39 CHAPTER 5: RECOMMENDATIONS LINKED TO PUBLIC GOODS .............................. 44 ELM scheme .................................................................................................................................... 44 Recommendations linked to the public goods ....................................................................................................... 44 Environmental steward programs ..................................................................................................... 53 Sustainable Wines of Great Britain ....................................................................................................................... 53 Linking Environment And Farming (LEAF) ............................................................................................................ 55 CHAPTER 6: BEST PRACTICE CASE STUDY FROM AUSTRALIA .............................. 56 Australian native perennial tussock grasses and forbs .................................................................... 56 The Falkenberg Vineyard ...................................................................................................................................... 56 Biodiversity ............................................................................................................................................................ 58 Cost and benefits .................................................................................................................................................. 59 PhD research ........................................................................................................................................................ 61 EcoVineyards ........................................................................................................................................................ 62 Insights .................................................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Methods and Work Profile
    REVIEW OF THE KNOWN AND POTENTIAL BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS OF PHYTOPHTHORA AND THE LIKELY IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES JANUARY 2011 Simon Conyers Kate Somerwill Carmel Ramwell John Hughes Ruth Laybourn Naomi Jones Food and Environment Research Agency Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ 2 CONTENTS Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 8 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 13 1.1 Background ........................................................................................................................ 13 1.2 Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 15 2. Review of the potential impacts on species of higher trophic groups .................... 16 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 16 2.2 Methods ............................................................................................................................. 16 2.3 Results ............................................................................................................................... 17 2.4 Discussion .......................................................................................................................... 44 3. Review of the potential impacts on ecosystem services .......................................
    [Show full text]
  • Biological and Landscape Diversity in Slovenia
    MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA Biological and Landscape Diversity in Slovenia An overview CBD Ljubljana, 2001 MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SPATIAL PLANNING ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCY OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA Published by: Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning - Environmental Agency of the Republic of Slovenia Editors in chief and executive editors: Branka Hlad and Peter Skoberne Technical editor: Darja Jeglič Reviewers of the draft text: Kazimir Tarman Ph.D., Andrej Martinčič Ph.D., Fedor Černe Ph.D. English translation: Andreja Naraks Gordana Beltram Ph.D. (chapter on Invasive Species, ......., comments on the figures), Andrej Golob (chapter on Communication, Education and Public Awareness) Revision of the English text: Alan McConnell-Duff Ian Mitchell (chapter on Communication, Education and Public Awareness) Gordana Beltram Ph.D. Designed and printed by: Littera Picta d.o.o. Photographs were contributed by: Milan Orožen Adamič (2), Matjaž Bedjanič (12), Gordana Beltram (3), Andrej Bibič (2), Janez Božič (1), Robert Bolješič (1), Branka Hlad (15), Andrej Hudoklin (10), Hojka Kraigher (1), Valika Kuštor (1), Bojan Marčeta (1), Ciril Mlinar (3), Marko Simić (91), Peter Skoberne (57), Baldomir Svetličič (1), Martin Šolar (1), Dorotea Verša (1) and Jana Vidic (2). Edition: 700 copies CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 502.3(497.4)(082) 574(497.4)(082) BIOLOGICAL and landscape diversity in Slovenia : an overview / (editors in chief Branka Hlad and Peter Skoberne ; English translation Andreja Naraks, Gordana Beltram, Andrej Golob; photographs were contributed by Milan Orožen Adamič... et. al.). - Ljubljana : Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning, Environmental Agency of the Republic of Slovenia, 2001 ISBN 961-6324-17-9 I.
    [Show full text]
  • Heterospilus Cephi ^ Kohwer Is a Major Parasite of the European Wheat Sawfly, Cephus Pygmaeus (Linnaeus)
    HETEROSPILUS CEPHI ROHWER, A PARASITE OF THE EUROPEAN WHEAT SAWFLY, CEPHUS PYGMAEUS (L.)' By C. C. HILL, Associate Entomologist, and H. D. SMITH, Assistant Entomologist, Division of Cereal and Forage Insects, Bureau of Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture. ^ INTRODUCTION Heterospilus cephi ^ Kohwer is a major parasite of the European wheat sawfly, Cephus pygmaeus (Linnaeus). It was first reared from this host in 1924, by Donald T. Ries. In 1925, it was described by Rohwer,^ and the following year reference was made to it by Ries ^ in a paper on the wheat-stem sawfly. It is the purpose of this paper to present certain details of the mor- phology and life history of this parasite. GEOGRAPHICALIDISTRIBUTION Heterospilus cephi has been found throughout most of the western wheat areas of the State of New Xork, from Syracuse and the Finger Lakes westward to Lake Erie, and over a limited area in northern Pennsylvania, but has not yet been recovered south of Lycoming County, Pa. Figure 1 shows the districts of New York and Penn- sylvania from which it has been recovered. HOST Under natural conditions Heterospilus cephi has been found to at tack only the European wheat sawfly, Cephus pygmaeus (L.). How- ever, when- introduced into a large outdoor cage containing whea- infested with the black grain-stem sawfly, Trachelus tabidus (Fab.), it parasitized this species freely and passed through its complete normal life cycle on this host without difiiculty. 'This would indicate its ability to adapt itself to this host even though it does not already normally parasitize it. It is possible that the different geographical ranges of these two sawflies may account for the apparent failure of H.
    [Show full text]
  • Cochylini Del 2
    Cochylini del 2 Agapeta, Eupoecilia, Aethes (part.) Agapeta hamana (L.) 4268 15-25 mm. Imago flyver sidst på dagen og kommer fint til lys fra maj til august (september). Ikke alle eksem- plarer er så stærkt tegnet som ovenstående. Agapeta hamana (L.) Larven lever overvintrende i i rødderne af forskellige tidsler (Carduus, Cirsium mv.). Udbredt i Europa op til Mellemsverige og Finland. Almindelig. Agapeta largana (Rebel) 4270 16-23 mm. Imago er på vingerne i solens sidste stråler fra sidst i juni gennem juli. Lokalt ikke sjælden på enge. Præimaginale stadier er ukendte. Kendt fra Grækenland, Rumænien, Ungarn, det vestlige Østrig og jeg har selv fundet den flere steder i det sydøstlige Frankrig. Agapeta zoegana (L.) 4271 15-24 mm. Imago flyver i de sidste lyse timer og kommer fint til lys i juli-august. Agapeta zoegana (L.) Larven lever overvintrende i rødderne af Blåhat (Knautia) og Knopurt (Centaurea). Den forpupper sig i rødderne. Agapeta zoegana (L.) Ind i mellem dukker eksemplarer op som er formørket i den yderste tredjedel. Disse eksemparer er gerne mindre end normalt. Agapeta zoegana (L.) I Danmark er der ikke mange findesteder i Jylland og arten mangler helt vest for israndslinjen. I det øvrige land er den ikke sjælden, men sjældent talrig. Nordgrænsen går gennem det sydligste Norge, mellemste Sverige og sydlige Finland. Arten når til Ural og Lilleasien. Eugnosta lathoniana (Hb.) 4279 21-27 mm. Imago flyver sidst på dagen fra midt i maj til sidst i juni. Præimaginale stadier er ukendte. Udbredt i det meste af Sydeuropa, mod nord til Tyskland, men herfra kendes ingen konkrete fund.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Coccinellid Predators in Upland Rainfed Rice Ecosystem
    Journal of Biological Control, 27(3): 184–189, 2013 Research Article Diversity of coccinellid predators in upland rainfed rice ecosystem B. VINOTHKUMAR Hybrid Rice Evaluation Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Gudalur, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT: The diversity of coccinellids and impact of pest population on coccinellids density has been studied in the upland rainfed rice agroecosystem in Bharathy variety cultivated in different rice establishment techniques at Hybrid Rice Evaluation Centre, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Gudalur. The Nilgiris for three years during Kharif 2010 to Kharif 2012. Three aspects, population of coccinellids and pests in different rice establishment techniques, diversity of coccinellids species in different rice establishment techniques and impact of pest density on the population of coccinellids were studied. A total of 13 species of coccinellids were observed from four different treatments of upland rice crop at different days after transplantation. Among the coccinellids, Cheilomenas sexmaculatus, Coccinella transversalis, B rumoides suturalis, Harmonia octomaculata and Microspia discolour were predominant during crop season and they have significant positive correlation with the population of brown plant hopper and green leaf hopper. Regression analysis revealed that 71 percent of C. sexmaculatua, 89 percent of C. transversalis, 62 percent of B. suturalis, 79 percent of H. octomaculata and 75 percent of M. discolour population depends on the incidence of BPH and GLH in the upland rainfed rice ecosystem. Diversity indices revealed that diversity of coccinellids was more in the direct sown without weeding operation method than other methods. KEY WORDS: Biodiversity, coccinellids, upland rice, rainfed rice, diversity indices. (Article chronicle: Received: 07-02-2013; Revised: 24-07-2013; Accepted: 04-08-2013) INTRODUCTION new records from district Haridwar, India.
    [Show full text]
  • (2013), Volume 1, Issue 1, 27-33
    ISSN NO 2320-5407 International Journal of Advanced Research (2013), Volume 1, Issue 1, 27-33 Journal homepage: http://www.journalijar.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH RESEARCH ARTICLE Diversity and Distribution of Ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae) in the Cropland of Faisalabad District * Muhammad Nadeem Abbas1, Saima Kausar1 and Shahnaz Akhtar1 Rana 1. Department of Zoology and Fisheries University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Manuscript Info Abstract Manuscript History: The present study was conducted in the Faisalabad district (30° 31.5 N and 73° 74 E), Pakistan to assess diversity and distribution of ladybird beetles Received: 15 February 2013 Final Accepted: 10 March 2013 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on five economically important crops (wheat, Published Online: March 2013 sugarcane, fodder, maize and vegetables) and their associated weeds. A total of 2204 specimens of coccinellids were collected belonging to four sub- Key words: families viz., Coccinellinae (n = 2076), Chilocorinae (n = 122), Epilachninae Agro-ecosystem, (n = 03) and Scymninae (n = 03) as well as twelve species. Fodder 57.19% (n Insects, = 1129) and wheat 37.34% (n = 737) were comprised more abundant Coleoptera, coccinellids while sugarcane 3.04% (n = 60), vegetable 1.38% (n = 27) and IPM, Biological control. maize 1.06% (n = n = 21) contribution was negligible. Fodder was also recorded more diverse (H´ = 1.541) and significantly different from all crops (p = 0.000). C. septempunctata 60.33% (n = 1191) and C. sexmaculata 19.50% (n = 385) were recorded more abundant species as well as widely distributed on all the crops. Among weeds C. dactylon 19.13% (n = 44) and F. indica 21.30% (n = 49) constituted more abundant and more diverse (H´ = 1.343, H´ = 1.115) coccinellids.
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Plants of Bendigo
    Produced by Indigenous Plants of Bendigo Indigenous Plants of Bendigo PMS 1807 RED PMS 432 GREY PMS 142 GOLD A Gardener’s Guide to Growing and Protecting Local Plants 3rd Edition 9 © Copyright City of Greater Bendigo and Bendigo Native Plant Group Inc. This work is Copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the City of Greater Bendigo. First Published 2004 Second Edition 2007 Third Edition 2013 Printed by Bendigo Modern Press: www.bmp.com.au This book is also available on the City of Greater Bendigo website: www.bendigo.vic.gov.au Printed on 100% recycled paper. Disclaimer “The information contained in this publication is of a general nature only. This publication is not intended to provide a definitive analysis, or discussion, on each issue canvassed. While the Committee/Council believes the information contained herein is correct, it does not accept any liability whatsoever/howsoever arising from reliance on this publication. Therefore, readers should make their own enquiries, and conduct their own investigations, concerning every issue canvassed herein.” Front cover - Clockwise from centre top: Bendigo Wax-flower (Pam Sheean), Hoary Sunray (Marilyn Sprague), Red Ironbark (Pam Sheean), Green Mallee (Anthony Sheean), Whirrakee Wattle (Anthony Sheean). Table of contents Acknowledgements ...............................................2 Foreword..........................................................3 Introduction.......................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • This Work Is Licensed Under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License
    This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS OF GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION IN COLOR AND OF PREY IN THE BEEWOLF SPECIES PHILANTHUS ALBOPILOSUS CRESSON Gerald J. Hilchie Department of Entomology University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Quaestiones Entomologicae T6G2E3 18:91-126 1982 ABSTRACT Prey selection and aspects of life history were studied in a population of Philanthus albopilosus Cresson, near Empress Alberta, and compared with published data reported about other populations. A disproportionately large number of sphecid wasps was used as prey in comparison with prey used by more southern populations. Females did not hunt at flowers, but appeared to hunt suitable apocritans found around the Empress dune, or captured male apocritans which pursued them as potential mates. False burrows appeared to function as visual aid in orientation to the nest. Relative absence of other species of Philanthus implies specialization of wasps of P. albopilosus for life on sand dunes. Differences in prey selected, nest structure and colour of adults suggest geographic isolation and differentiation during Pleistocene glaciations. The Nebraska Sand Hill region is proposed as a northern refugium where differentiation of the dark race, P. albopilosus, occurred during the Wisconsinian glacial stage. A southern refugium in the American Southwest is proposed for the ancestral stock of the pale race, P. albopilosus manuelito a newly described subspecies (type locality Monahans, Ward County, Texas).
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Status of Larger Brachycera Flies of Great Britain
    Natural England Commissioned Report NECR192 A review of the status of Larger Brachycera flies of Great Britain Acroceridae, Asilidae, Athericidae Bombyliidae, Rhagionidae, Scenopinidae, Stratiomyidae, Tabanidae, Therevidae, Xylomyidae. Species Status No.29 First published 30th August 2017 www.gov.uk/natural -england Foreword Natural England commission a range of reports from external contractors to provide evidence and advice to assist us in delivering our duties. The views in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of Natural England. Background Making good decisions to conserve species This report should be cited as: should primarily be based upon an objective process of determining the degree of threat to DRAKE, C.M. 2017. A review of the status of the survival of a species. The recognised Larger Brachycera flies of Great Britain - international approach to undertaking this is by Species Status No.29. Natural England assigning the species to one of the IUCN threat Commissioned Reports, Number192. categories. This report was commissioned to update the threat status of Larger Brachycera flies last undertaken in 1991, using a more modern IUCN methodology for assessing threat. Reviews for other invertebrate groups will follow. Natural England Project Manager - David Heaver, Senior Invertebrate Specialist [email protected] Contractor - C.M Drake Keywords - Larger Brachycera flies, invertebrates, red list, IUCN, status reviews, IUCN threat categories, GB rarity status Further information This report can be downloaded from the Natural England website: www.gov.uk/government/organisations/natural-england. For information on Natural England publications contact the Natural England Enquiry Service on 0300 060 3900 or e-mail [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of the Pheromone Communication in the European Beewolf Philanthus Triangulum (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)
    3 Evolution of the Pheromone Communication System in the European Beewolf Philanthus triangulum F. (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von Gudrun Herzner aus Nürnberg Würzburg 2004 4 Evolution of the Pheromone Communication System in the European Beewolf Philanthus triangulum F. (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von Gudrun Herzner aus Nürnberg Würzburg 2004 5 Eingereicht am………………………………………………………………………………….. Mitglieder der Promotionskommission: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Ulrich Scheer Gutachter: Prof. Dr. K. Eduard Linsenmair Gutachter: PD Dr. Jürgen Gadau Tag des Promotionskolloquiums:……………………………………………………………….. Doktorurkunde ausgehändigt am:………………………………………………………………. 6 CONTENTS PUBLIKATIONSLISTE.................................................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER 1: General Introduction ......................................................................................... 7 1.1 The asymmetry of sexual selection .................................................................................. 7 1.2 The classical sexual selection models .............................................................................. 8 1.3 Choice for genetic compatibility.....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ARTHROPODA Subphylum Hexapoda Protura, Springtails, Diplura, and Insects
    NINE Phylum ARTHROPODA SUBPHYLUM HEXAPODA Protura, springtails, Diplura, and insects ROD P. MACFARLANE, PETER A. MADDISON, IAN G. ANDREW, JOCELYN A. BERRY, PETER M. JOHNS, ROBERT J. B. HOARE, MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE, PENELOPE GREENSLADE, ROSA C. HENDERSON, COURTenaY N. SMITHERS, RicarDO L. PALMA, JOHN B. WARD, ROBERT L. C. PILGRIM, DaVID R. TOWNS, IAN McLELLAN, DAVID A. J. TEULON, TERRY R. HITCHINGS, VICTOR F. EASTOP, NICHOLAS A. MARTIN, MURRAY J. FLETCHER, MARLON A. W. STUFKENS, PAMELA J. DALE, Daniel BURCKHARDT, THOMAS R. BUCKLEY, STEVEN A. TREWICK defining feature of the Hexapoda, as the name suggests, is six legs. Also, the body comprises a head, thorax, and abdomen. The number A of abdominal segments varies, however; there are only six in the Collembola (springtails), 9–12 in the Protura, and 10 in the Diplura, whereas in all other hexapods there are strictly 11. Insects are now regarded as comprising only those hexapods with 11 abdominal segments. Whereas crustaceans are the dominant group of arthropods in the sea, hexapods prevail on land, in numbers and biomass. Altogether, the Hexapoda constitutes the most diverse group of animals – the estimated number of described species worldwide is just over 900,000, with the beetles (order Coleoptera) comprising more than a third of these. Today, the Hexapoda is considered to contain four classes – the Insecta, and the Protura, Collembola, and Diplura. The latter three classes were formerly allied with the insect orders Archaeognatha (jumping bristletails) and Thysanura (silverfish) as the insect subclass Apterygota (‘wingless’). The Apterygota is now regarded as an artificial assemblage (Bitsch & Bitsch 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Calocephalus Lacteus
    Calocephalus lacteus FAMILY: ASTERACEAE BOTANICAL NAME: Calocephalus lacteus, Less., Syn. Gen. Compos.: 271 (1832) COMMON NAME: milky beautyheads COMMONWEALTH STATUS: (EPBC Act) Not Listed TASMANIAN STATUS: (TSP Act) rare Calocephalus lacteus. H & A Wapstra Description A perennial herb, which forms dense patches 60 cm or more in diameter. The plant is covered with small white hairs so that its surface appears white or greyish. Stems: The aerial stem is erect and between 15-60 cm long. The stems are branched, white and densely covered in hairs. Leaves: The lower leaves are arranged oppositely along the stem and the upper leaves are arranged alternately. The leaves have a blunt tip that has a clear margin. They are between 1.5-5 cm long and densely covered with white hairs Flowers: The flowers are at the ends of the branches in clusters of white, ovoid heads between 8-14 mm long. Flowering occurs between November to March and most herbarium specimens have been collected at this time. Fruit: The fruit is one- seeded and dry with a pappus (ring of scales or hairs found on top of fruit) (Curtis 1963). Ecology and Management This species requires bare ground for recruitment. Disturbance appears to be beneficial for this species as it is often found on roadsides and beside tracks (L. Gilfedder pers. comm). Insects are the most likely pollination vector for this species (A. Hingston pers. comm.). Conservation Status Assessment There is no immediate need for reassessment of Calocephalus lacteus. Further Information Curtis, WM 1963, The Student’s Flora of Tasmania, Part 2, Government Printer, Hobart.
    [Show full text]