Exhibit a Finds Demonstrating That Ancient Coins

Home , 309 BC, 75 BC, Abydos (Hellespont), Alabanda, Antioch, Cius

Exhibit A

Finds Demonstrating that Ancient Coins Struck in Turkish Mints Were Items of International Commerce

The Inventory of Greek Coin Hoards (“IGCH”) and the Coin Hoards Series (Volumes I-X) record coin hoards found in both official and unofficial archaeological excavations.1 The below information establishes that ancient coins from Turkish mints have been found in substantial numbers outside of Turkey. The countries where such coins circulated in ancient times can be gleaned from find spots in Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, Greece, Great Britain, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Italy (Sardinia and Sicily), Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Macedonia, Palestine, Pakistan, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and the former Yugoslavia.

In addition to the English Language IGCH and Coin Hoards, the French Language Tresors series as well as numismatic articles also help establish that ancient coins from Turkish mints travelled from the confines of modern day Turkey in quantity.

Finally, the information gleaned from the UK’s Portable Antiquity Scheme also shows that Roman and Byzantine coins from Turkey made their way to far off England and Wales in ancient times.

I. IGCH

A review of M. Thompson, O. Mørkholm, and C. Kraay, An Inventory of Greek Coin Hoards

(New York, 1973) demonstrates the following. a. Coins of the Archaic Period

IGCH shows 11 hoards including coins of mints in Turkey found in 5 other countries as follows:

Greece

IGCH 7 (Cyzicus, Miletus, Caria)

Bulgaria

IGCH 689 (Cyzicus, Lydia)

Egypt

1 IGCH, Coin Hoards and other numismatic publications have some significant limitations as resources. First, they records hoards, not single finds. Thus, they seriously undercount small denomination bronze coins that are less likely to be hoarded. Second, not all hoards that have been reported have been recorded. Third, a substantial number of listed hoards record issuing authorities, but not necessarily mints. We have also listed such Greek hoards which possibly contain Turkish mint coins based on the known mints of the issuing authority. Fourth, the exact find spots of many hoards is unknown. This also leads to an undercount of coins circulating far from where they were made. Fifth, many of the hoards are only partly recorded. Thus, there probably is a significant undercount of Turkish mint coins in such hoards. Finally, while the Coin Hoard series updates the earlier IGCH, it is unclear if the all the coin hoards in that volume are also included in the Coin Hoards series. IGCH 1632 (Lydia)

IGCH 1636 (Caria)

IGCH 1637 (Miletus, Teos, Caria, Lydia, Phaselis, Lycia, Selge)

IGCH 1638 (Cyzicus, Miletus, Lycia)

IGCH 1639 (Ionia, Clazomenae, Colophon)

IGCH 1640 (Phaselis)

IGCH 1643 (Teos)

Iran

IGCH 1789 (Lydia)

Italy

IGCH 1874 (Phocaea) b. Coins of the Classical Period

A review of M. Thompson, O. Mørkholm, and C. Kraay, An Inventory of Greek Coin Hoards

(New York, 1973) shows 22 hoards including coins of mints in Turkey found in 11 other countries as follows:

Greece

IGCH 43 (Cyzicus)

IGCH 47 (Cyzicus)

Bulgaria

IGCH 714 (Cyzicus)

Russia

IGCH 1011 (Cyzicus)

IGCH 1012 (Cyzicus)

IGCH 1013 (Cyzicus)

IGCH 1022 (Sinope)

IGCH 1045 (Cyzicus)

Jordan

IGCH 1482 (Clazomenae, Miletus, Caria, Lycia, Phaselis

Lebanon

IGCH 1483 (Tenedos, Cnidos)

IGCH 1500 (Cyzicus, Erythrae, Miletus)

Israel

IGCH 1503 (Tarsus)

IGCH 1504 (Sinope, Amisus)

Egypt

IGCH 1644 (Miletus, Teos, Cnidus, Caria, Lycia, Phaselis)

IGCH 1645 (Sinope, Teos, Phaselis, Lycia)

IGCH 1647 (Lycia)

IGCH 1650 (Sinope)

Iraq

IGCH 1747 (Lycia, Aspendus)

IGCH 1748 (Tarsus, Myriandrus)

Iran

IGCH 1790 (Sinope, Clazomenae, Cnidus, Lycia)

Afghanistan

IGCH 1820 (Cnidus, Phaselis, Celenderis, Soli, Tarsus)

Italy

IGCH 2124 (Abydus, Lampsacus) c. Coins of the Hellenistic Period

A review of M. Thompson, O. Mørkholm, and C. Kraay, An Inventory of Greek Coin Hoards

(New York, 1973) and H. Seyrig, Tresors du Levant anciens et nouveaux (Paris, 1978) shows

171 hoards including coins of mints in Turkey found in 19 other countries as follows:

Greece

IGCH 83 (Miletus, Side, Myriandrus)

IGCH 95 (Myriandrus)

IGCH 137 (Asia Minor mints)

IGCH 138 (Asia Minor mints)

IGCH 141 (Magnesia and Colophon)

IGCH 143 (Lampsacus)

IGCH 144 (Miletus, Sardes, Side, Myriandros, Lampsacus, Alexandria Troas, Magnesia)

IGCH 148 (Lampsacus, Abydos, Magnesia, Miletus, Sardes, Phaselius, Tarsus)

IGCH 150 (Lampsacus, Heraclea, Ciuys, Pergamum, Alexandria Troas, Magnesia, Sardes,

Smyrna)

IGCH 158 (Miletus, Magnesia, Byzantium)

IGCH 159 (Lampsacus, Priene)

IGCH 162 (Ephesus and Alexandria Troas)

IGCH 163 (Lampsacus, Pergamum, Smyrna, Ephesus, Magnesia, Sardes, Cyzicus)

IGCH 168 (Asia Minor mints, Calchedon, Cyzicus, Lampsacus, Alexandria Troas, Pergamum,

Ephesus, Magnesia, Sardes)

IGCH 177 (Abydos, Miletus, Lampsacus)

IGCH 179 (Ephesus, Tarsus)

IGCH 181 (Lampsacus, Sardes, Cius)

IGCH 187 (Miletus, Clazomenae, Ephesus, Lampsacus, Colophon)

IGCH 237 (Antioch, Alexandria Troas, Pergamum, Pontus)

IGCH 240 (Clazomenae)

IGCH 245 (Selge)

IGCH 271 (Cyme)

IGCH 332 (Pontus, Bithynia, Tenedos)

IGCH 335 (Pontus)

IGCH 337 (Pontus)

IGCH 339 (Pontus)

IGCH 348 (Ephesus, Tralles)

IGCH 352 (Ephesus, Pergamum, Laodicea, Apameia, Tralles)

IGCH 455 (Sardes, miletus, Colophon, Miletus, Lampsacus, Magnesia, Smyrna)

IGCH 645 (Pontus)

IGCH 776 (Lampsacus, Abydos, Teos)

IGCH 801 (Lampsacus, Abydos, Teos, Miletus, Magnesia, Sardes, Phaselis)

IGCH 807 (Cyzicus)

Bulgaria

IGCH 395 (Tarsus)

IGCH 736 (Parium)

IGCH 737 (Parium)

IGCH 740 (Parium)

IGCH 741 (Parium)

IGCH 742 (Parium)

IGCH 747 (Parium)

IGCH 748 (Parium)

IGCH 749 (Parium)

IGCH 750 (Parium)

IGCH 751 (Parium)

IGCH 752 (Parium)

IGCH 753 (Parium)

IGCH 754 (Parium)

IGCH 757 (Parium)

IGCH 758 (Parium)

IGCH 759 (parium)

IGCH 760 (Parium)

IGCH 761 (Parium)

IGCH 762 (PArium)

IGCH 764 (Parium)

IGCG 762 (Parium)

IGCH 853 (Colophon, Miletus, Sardes, Tarsus)

IGCH 905 (Asian cistophori)

IGCH 906 (Byzantium, Bithynia)

IGCH 974 (Byzantium, Pontus)

IGCH 976 (Asian cistophori)

Serbia

IGCH 458 (Miletus, Sardes, Side, Teos, Lampsacus, Abydus, Colophon, Magnesia, Sardes)

Ukraine

IGCH 866 (LAmpsacus, Abydus, Magnesia, Teos, Ephesos, Sardes, Side, Tarsus, Sinope,

Colophon)

IGCH 1136 (Amasia, Amisus, Gaziura, Pergamum)

IGCH 1138 (Pontus, Paphlagonia)

IGCH 1142 (Sinope)

IGCH 1144 (Amisus, Comana, Amastris, Sinope)

IGCH 1146 (Amisus, Sinope)

IGCH 1149 (Misus, Sinope)

North Macedonia

IGCH 448 (Sardes, Miletus, Sardes)

Romania

IGCH 452 (Miletus)

IGCH 734 (Cyzicus, Parium)

IGCH 799 (Lampsacus)

IGCH 958 (Lampsacus, Abydus, Alexandria Troas)

Moldavia

IGCH 800 (Abydus, Lampsacus, Colophon, Magnesia)

Russia

IGCH 1147 (Sinope)

Lebanon

IGCH 1508 (Cius, Pergamum)

IGCH 1513 (Side, Myriandros)

IGCH 1515 (Side, Tarsus, Myriandrus)

IGCH 1521 (Amisus)

IGCH 1599 (Antioch)

Israel

IGCH 1510 (Side, Tarsus, Myriandrus)

IGCH 1514 (Tarsus)

IGCH 1520 (Side)

IGCH 1590 (Antioch)

IGCH 1605 (Antioch)

IGCH 1610 (Antioch)

Tresors 37 (Acre 1951) (15 out of 16 pieces): Antioch (15)

Egypt

IGCH 1664 (Lampsacus, Sardes, Miletus, Side, Tarsus, Myriandrus)

IGCH 1665 (Side, Tarsus)

IGCH 1667 (Lampsacus, Caria, Side, Tarsus, Myriandrus)

IGCH 1668 (Lampsacus, Sid)

IGCH 1669 (Lampsacus, Side, Sardes, Tarsus, Myriandrus)

IGCH 1670 (Lampsacus, Sardes, Miletus, Side, Tarsus)

IGCH 1678 (Lampsacus, Sardes, Miletus, Side, Tarsus)

Iraq

IGCH 1751 (Sardes)

IGCH 1756 (Miletus, Sardes, Side, Tarsus)

IGCH 1758 (Colophon, Magnesia, Miletus, Sardes)

IGCH 1761 (Sardes, Side, Tarsus)

IGCH 1762 (Cius, Lycia)

IGCH 1764 (Sardes, Tarsus, Lampsacus, Abydus, Colophon, Magnesia, Ephesus)

IGCH 1766 (Magnesia, Byzantium, Tenedos, Pergamum)

IGCH 1768 (Lampsacus, Abydus, Colophon, Magnesia, Miletus, Sardes)

IGCH 1679 (Lampsacus, Abydus, Colophon, Lysiumachia, Cius, Alexandria Troas, Pergamum,

Byzantium, Sardes, Antioch, Tarsus, Soli)

IGCH 1772 (Sardes, Lampsacus, Abydus, Colophon, Magnesia, Miletus, Teos, Perge, Heraclea,

Aspendus, Sestus, Smyrna, Alexandria Troas, Bithynia, Cyme, Antioch)

IGCH 1774 (Cyme, Myrina, Temnos, Colophon, Magnesia, Miletus, Smyrna, Phaselis,

Aspendus, Perge, Lamposacus, Alexandria Troas, Tenedos, Pergamum, Ilium, Side, Antioch)

IGCH 1775 (Antioch)

IGCH 1776 (Antioch)

IGCH 1777 (Antioch)

IGCH 1778 (Antioch)

Azerbaijan

IGCH 1737 (Byzantium)

IGCH 1745 (Byzantium, Pontus)

Armenia

IGCH 1741 (Cappadocia)

IGCH 1746 (Antioch, Pontus)

Iran

IGCH 1792 (Byzantium, Cyzicus, Miletus, Aspendus)

UGCH 1794 (Myriandrus)

IGCH 1799 (Lampsacus, Abydus, Magnesia, Miletus, Sardes)

IGCH 1804 (Lampsacus, Colophon, Cyme, Temnus, Miletus, Alabanda, Perge, Byzantium,

Antioch)

IGCH 1805 (Antioch)

IGCH 1806 (Antioch, Cyme, Alabanda, Phaselis, Aspendus, Perge, Termessus)

IGCH 1808 (Colophon, Aspendus, Perge)

IGCH 1809 (Lampsacus, Aspendus, Perge, Phaselis, Antioch)

IGCH 1812 (Antioch)

IGCH 1813 (Cyme, Myrina, Temnos, Miletus, Perge, Aspendus, Antioch)

IGCH 1814 (Antioch)

Afghanistan

IGCH 1826 (Ilium)

IGCH 1830 (Lampsacus, Erythrae, Cnidus, Lycia, Aspendus, Side, Celenderis, Mallus, Soli,

Tarsus

Tajikistan

IGCH 1822 (Byzantium, Caria, Aspendus, Celenderis, Tarsus)

Italy

IGCH 2056 (Byzantium, Pontus, Cappadocia)

IGCH 2057 (Byzantium, Apamea)

Syria

IGCH 1511 (Tarsus, Myriandrus)

IGCH 1516 (Abydus, Lampsacus, Sardes, Miletus, Myriandrus)

IGCH 1529 (Amphipolis, Lysimacheia, Cyzicus, LAmpsacus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Sestus,

Sardes, Magnesia, Cius, PAriumn, Calchedon, Antioch)

IGCH 1532 (Lampsacus, Sestus, Ephesus, Magnesia, PArium, Byzantium, Cius, Pergamum,

Antioch)

IGCH 1534 (Lampsacus, Abydus, Colophon, Teos, Magnesia, Sardes, Tenedoa, Pamphylia,

Ephesus, Lysimacheia)

IGCH 1535 (Pergamum, Antiochu, Cyme, Phocaea, Magnesia, Miletus, Sardes, Smyrna, Parium)

IGCH 1539 (Pergamum, Bithynia)

IGCH 1548 (Miletus)

IGCH 1555 (Antioch)

IGCH 1578 (Antioch)

IGCH 1579 (Cappadocia)

IGCH 1580 (Antioch)

IGCH 1786 (Tarsus, Antioch)

II. Coin Hoards (Volumes I-X)

A. Coin Hoards I (RNS 1975)

Greek Hoards

81. Iran

 2 Seleucid AR Tetradrachms Antioch mint (Problem, most Hellenistic coins not identified by mint)

87. Bulgaria 372 AR c. 140 BC -Spread Flan AR Tetradrachms

 Myrina 61  Cyme 182  Agae 2  Smyrna 2  Lebedus 4  Magnesia 94

Roman and Byzantine, lack mint marks.

B. Coin Hoards II (RNS 1976)

Greek Hoards

7. Bulgaria (1948) (IGCH 689)

550-500 B.C. -3 Electrum

 Lydia 1  Cyzicus 2

17. Asyut Hoard, Egypt (IGCH 2088)- 475 BC, 900 AR

 Sinope 1  Cyzycus 1  Lampsacus 1  Parium 1  Abydus 1  Clazomenae 1  Miletus 1  Teos 6  Cos 1  Cnidus 3  Caria 24  Persia (Side) 18  Lycia 32  Phaeselis 11  Side 1

65. Romania 1971

280 B.C. 457 Pot Hoard

 Alexander III to Demetrious Poliorcetes (No mints mentioned, but presumably including Turkish mints)

69. Israel 1975

255-0 BC 5 plus AR

 Includes one Tetradrachm of Tarsus (possibly intrusive)

70. Syria 1975

Mid 3rd c. BC. 40 plus AU

 Alexander III (likely some Turkish mints)  Seleucid (likely including Turkish mints)

72. Greece 1974

250-225 BC

 Includes Hellenistic coins (possibly Turkish mints)  Philip II 2  Alexander III 3  Lysimachus 2

75. Greece 1975

3rd C. BC AR

 Includes Hellenistic coins (possibly Turkish mints)  Alexander III

81. Syria 1971

 190 BC 90 AR  Hellenistic coins, possibly including Turkish mints  Alexander III (Sinope 1, Heraclea Pontica 1, Pergamum 1, Miletos 2, Phaselis 5, Aspendos 3, Perge 6)  Seleucus I (Pergamum)  Antiochus Hierax (Lampsacus, Parium, Alexandria Troas)  Antiochus III (Nisbis 4, Laodicea 1, Tarsus 1,)

83. Syria 1971

175 BC 9 plus AR

 Antiochus III (Antioch)  Seleucus IV (Antioch 7, Nisbis 1)

88. Balkh, Afghanistan

150 BC 150 plus AR

 Includes Lysimachos and Seleucid possibly of Turkish mints

123. Bulgaria 1968

Mid 1st c. BC 4 AE

 Lysimachus, including Byzantium mint

141. Syria 1974

115 AD 43 plus AR

 Caesarea Cappadocia Trajan

154. Samos 1973 or 4

267 AD AE 21 plus

 Includes Pergamum 1  Smyrna 1  Metropolis 2  Nysa

187. Probably Syria

2,430 Late Roman Bronze coins

5th c. AD hoard from Constantine I to Zeno

 Many Antioch (modern Turkey) and Constantinople Mint

243. Jordan

225 AD, AR 2350

 Denarii plus local issues  Caesarea Drachm 1  Antioch Tetradrachms 32  Amisus Drachms 2

C. Coin Hoards III (RNS 1977)

2. Egypt 1863

(IGCH 1636) Approximately 30 AR

 Caria 2  Cos 1  Lycia 1  Ephesos 1

26. Romania

309 BC AE 206

 Alexander III 56 (likely including Turkish mints)  Lampsacus 1

35. Romania, 1923 (IGCH 452)

275-280 BC

 Alexander III (early Postumous Tetradrachms from Amphipolis, Miletus)

 Seleucus I (Seleucia ad Tigram- 1)

43. Greece, 1975

38 AR

 Lysamachos (likely including Turkish mints)  Seleucid coins (likely including Turkish mints)

44. Romania, 1909 (IGCH 958)

230 BC, AU 800

 Alexander III, including Lysimachia 1, Amphipolis 7, Abdybus 8, Lampsachus 8  Philip III including Abydus  Lysimachus, including Lambsacus 2, Alexandria Troas 5, Lisimacheia 1, Byzantium 2

78. Syria (IGCH 1581)

 Selucia Pieraia (19 coins)

103. Yugoslavia (now Serbia)

150 BC, AR 73

 Alexander III (likely including Turkish mints)  Lysamachos (likely including Turkish mints)  Seleucus I (likely including Turkish mints)

Roman and Byzantine Hoards

Mintmarks often not recorded

Roman Hoards

199. England (archaeological dig)

Circa 334 AD, 326 AE

 Hereclea 2  Cyzicus 6

205. Greece, 1960

350 AD, Billon 11

 Constantine I, 2 Cyzicus and Antioch  Constans 3, including Cyzicus 2  Constantius II 2, including Antioch 1

216. Libya (partly reported in Coin Hoards II)

 Constantinus II, Constantinople  Gratian, Constantinople  Valentinian, Constantinople  Theodosius, Constantinople  Arcadius, Constantionople (only this mint)  Aelia Flaccilla, Constantionple (only this mint)

218. Greece

395 AD, Billon 32

 Constantinus 6, Cyzicus 1  Valentinian 6, Constantinople 1  Theodosius 6, Constantinople 2  Arcadius 6, Constantinople 1, Cyzicus 1, Nicomedia 1

Byzantine Hoards

229. Lebanon, 1974 (archaeological dig, U. Penn) c. 498-512 AD, 223 AE

 Anastatius, Constantinople 219, Nicomedia 4

239. Sardinia, c. 1975

 Constantine IV, Constantinople 1

244. Romania, 1905 c. 1180 AD, Billon 31

 All Constantinople

247. Romania, 1911 c. 1204 AD, Billon 16

 All Constantinople

250. Yugoslavia

 Constantinople 8

252. Greece, 1920-35 (archaeological dig)

1260-1270 AD, AE 15

 Constantinople 8

255. Bulgaria, 1973

1350 AD

 Constantinople 21

D. Coin Hoards IV (RNS 1978)

63. Greece, before 1916 (IGCO 1351)

150-100 BC,

 Miletus AE 5

Roman and Byzantine hoards—Again most hoards do not include mint marks so possible or even likely included Turkish mint coins

113. Israel, 1977 c. 132 AD, AR 14

 Nero- Antioch Tetradrachm 2  Vespasian Antioch Tetradrachm 1

166. England, 1874 c. 340 AD, Billon 33

 Constantine I, Constantinople 2

Byzantine Hoards

186. Bulgaria, 1975

6th c. AD, AE 14

 Justin I-Justinian I- Nicomedia 2, Constantinople 12 (entire hoard)

187. Bulgaria, 1971

556 AD or later, AE 40

 Constantinople 4, Cyzicus 1 (only mints noted)

205. Greece 1977

Early 13th C. Billon 758

 Constantinople 17 (of 18 recorded)

206. Greece 1976-1977

1220-1230 AD, Billon 214

 Constantinople 22 (of 25 recorded)

E. Coin Hoards V (RNS 1980)

10. Greece, 1972

450 BC, 35 AR

 “Persia” (struck in Turkey).

22. Cyprus, 1978

350 BC, 6 AU

 Persia” (struck in Turkey).

29. Bulgaria 1975, 104 AE

 Alexander III 103 (possibly including Turkish mint coins)

Albania, pre-1939

22 AV and AR

 22 AV and AR  Miletus, fractional AR13

36. Greece, 1978

230 BC, 70 AR

 Seleucid, Abydus mint (only mint recorded)

42. Greece, 1977

190 BC, 254 plus AR

 Lysimachus Tetradrachms (possibly Turkish mints included)

46. Iraq, 1970

150 BC, 25 plus AR

 Seleucid (11 recorded, possibly including Turkish mints)

51. Russia

80 BC 123 AE (all Turkish mints)

 Pontus 122  Amisus 1

Roman and Byzantine Hoards

Entries often missing discussions of mints or mints only partially recorded.

177. Sardinia, before 1998 c. 316 AD

Includes

 Diocletian, Heraclea 1

199. England, 1976

388 AD, 53 AR

 Antioch 1

215. Romania, 1977

667-685 AD, 3 AU

 All Constantinople mint

226. Greece (archaeological dig) c. 1265 AD, 15 AE

 Constantinople 8

F. Coin Hoards VI (RNS 1981)

Greek Hoards

4. Syria, 1978-79 c. 480 BC 22 plus AR (not fully recorded). Includes

 Sinope Drachma 1  Phaeselis Stater 1  Persia Sardes Siglos 1

5. Syria, 1979 c. 480 BC, 25 plus AR (not fully recorded). Includes

 Phaeselis Stater 1

13. Cyprus, 1978 (CH 1979, 22)

350 BC, 6 AU

 Persia Darics (struck in Turkey), entire hoard.

15. Romania c. 320 BC, 10 plus AU.

 Alexander III, possibly including Turkish mints.

16. Bulgaria, 1973 c. 320 BC, 270 AE

 Alexander III, possibly including Turkish mints.

17. Bulgaria, 1975-76 (archaeological dig) c. 320 BC, 6 AE

 Alexander III, possibly including Turkish mints.

18. Bulgaria c. 320 BC, 34 AE

 Alexander III 25, possibly including Turkish mints.

19. Bulgaria c. 320 BC, 14 plus AE

 Alexander III 9 plus, possibly including Turkish mints.

22. Bulgaria c. 295 BC, 133 plus AE

 Alexander III 11, possibly including Turkish mints.

23. Greece, 1970 (IGCH 150)

280-270 BC Thousands of AR (partly recorded)

 Lysamachos 87, possibly including Turkish mints.  Alexander III 2, Miletos and Cyzicus

24. Greece, 1979

270 BC

 Alexander III Tetradrachms 67 (possibly including Turkish mints)  Alexander III Drachms 140 (possibly including Turkish mints)

37. Syria, 1979

160 BC, 200 plus AR

 Alexander III Tetradrachms including, Miletus 5, Myrina 2, Mythiliene 3, Cyme 3  Lysamachos Tetradrachms, possibly including Turkish mints  Side Tetradrachms 10  Ephesos Drachms 30

39. Lebanon or Syria, 1979

112-111 BC 100 plus AR

 Includes Seleucid Tetradrachms, possibly including Turkish mints

44. Bulgaria c. 75 BC, 9 AR

 Includes Mithradates V Pontus Tetradrachm 1

46. Greece c. 75 BC 18 AR

 Includes Cistophoric Tetradrachms 2, likely from Turkish mints

49. Bulgaria, 1973 c. 75 BC, Several AR

 Lysamachos Tetradrachm Byzantium 1  Alexander III, possibly including Turkish mints

56. Bulgaria, 1975 c. 220 AD, 88 AE

 Includes Ancyra 1

Roman and Byzantine Hoards

Most Late Roman and Byzantine Hoards do not record mints. It is likely most such hoards contain coins from Turkish mints (especially Constantinople), but have not been recorded.

197. Italy, 1976-79 c. 400 AD AE

 Includes coins from Heraclea, Constantanople

204 Greece, 1948 c. 580 AD, 115 AU

 Justinian I, Justin II, Tiberias II solidi and tremisses, 43 Constantinople Mint recorded

208. Yugoslavia (now Macedonia), 1972 c. 586 AD, 84 AE (archaeological dig)

 Includes 4 Constantinople, 3 Nicomedia, majority of coins illegible

212. Bulgaria (archaeological dig) c. 590-600 AD, 125 AU

 Anastasisus, Justinian I, Justinian II, Tiberias II, Maurice Tiberias solidi and Tremisses, entire hoard from Constantinople mint.

218. Lebanon, 1979 c. 630 AD, 50 AE

 Heraclius, includes Constantinople, Nicomedia, and Cyzicus mints

240. Greece, 1968

21 Electrum

 Issac II, 21 Constantinople mint (entire hoard)

259. Bulgaria

1210-1230, 1200 plus Billon (not all mints recorded)

 Includes 212 Constantinople

260. Bulgaria

1210-1220, 95 Billon

 Includes 58 Constantinople

261. Bulgaria

1210-1220, 157 Billon (archaeological dig)

 Includes 126 Constantinople

Coin Hoards VII (RNS 1985)

48. Egypt 1905 (IGCH 1664)

318 BC

 Alexander III 70 further examples (possibly including Turkish mints)

55. Bulgaria, 1977-78

Late 4th C. BC 21 AE

 Alexander III (possibly including Turkish mints)

58. Italy (Sicily), 1976

300 BC 52 AR

 Includes Alexander III Tetradrachms, Lycia 3

59. Italy (Sicily), 1980

300 BC, 68 plus AV, 213 plus Electrum

 Includes Alexander III 5 (possibly including Turkish mints)

63. Bulgaria, 1977-78

3rd c. BC, 10 plus AE

 Alexander III (possibly including Turkish mints)

68. Greece (CH VI 23)

280-270 BC, thousands of AR

 Notes prior reported hoard contains Pergamum Tetradrachm 1 of Seleucus I (presumably hoard contains other Turkish mint coins)

71. Greece, 1960s

37 plus AR

 Reports Alexander III Tetradrachms, including Ephesus 1

76. Romania, 1956

250 BC 6 plus AR

 Includes Alexander III Tetradrachm from Miletus 1

98. Syria 1979 (CH VI 37)

163-2 BC Many hundreds of AR. Additional information.

 Includes Alexander III Tetradrachms 119 (likely including Turkish mints)  Side 7

126. Bulgaria, 1977078 (archaeological dig)

Early 1st c. BC 431 AR

 Includes Lysimachus Byzantium 1

153. Syria

115 AD

 Antioch, Trajan 9

154. Syria

115 AD 164 plus AE

 Antioch, Syria (modern Turkey) 136  Commagne 23

157. Israel

220 AD 81 plus AR

 Antioch Tetradrachms 36

Roman and Byzantine Hoards

As noted above, mints often not identified in late Roman and Byzantine Hoards

200. Spain

206 BC 13 AR, mostly Roman Republican

 Includes Pergamum Eumenus I Tetradrachm 1

226. Greece

31 BC 124 AR probably lost during the Battle of Actium.

Found in the sea near Actium

 Includes Lysamachus Tetradrachm Byzantium 2

243. Israel, before 1980

161 AD, 38-40 AV and AR

 Includes Antioch Tetradrachms 29

299. Balkans

Later Roman Hoard 2322 coins

 Includes Cyzicus 39 Billon, 306 AR  Antioch 5 AR

322. Yugoslavia (now Croatia), 1959

43 AE

 Includes Cyzicus 2 (6.8 %)  Antioch 1 (3.5%)  Nicomedia 1 (3.5 %)

Byzantine Hoards

340. Bulgaria, 1977

566 AD 8 AE

 Justinian I Constantinople 6  Nicomedia 2 (entire hoard Turkish mints)

341. Bulgaria, 1978 (archaeological dig)

575 AD 13 AE (archaeological dig)

 Includes Constantinople 6  Nicomedia 1

342. Bulgaria, 1978 (archaeological dig)

575 AD, 10 AE

 Includes Constantinople 5  Cyzicus 1

344. Greece, 1967

6 AV

 Justin II, Constantinople Solidus 6 (entire hoard)

345. Bulgaria, 1978 c. 590 AD 18 AE (archaeological dig)

 Constantinople 7  Cyzicus 3  Nicomedia 3  Antioch 1

352. Romania

Post 1150 24 plus Billon

 Constantinople 24

354. Romania

Post 1150 48 plus Billon

 Constantinople 44

357. Bulgaria

Circa 1190 AD 150 Billon

 Partly recorded  Constantinople 47

361. Bulgaria

Circa 1204 4 Electrum, 160 Billon

 All Constantinople

367. Bulgaria (archaeological dig)

Mid 13th c. 7 Billon

 Constantinople 3

G. U. Wartenberg, M. Jessop Price, K.A. McGregor, eds., Coin Hoards VIII (RNS 1994).

3. Russia, 1975

Burial: c. 550 BC

Contents: 4 Electrum in pot with jewelry

 Lydia 4 El (1 stater, 2 thirds)

21. Greece?, before 1880

(IGCH 1185)

Burial c. 500BC

Contents: 30 plus AR

 Includes Phaeselis 1 stater  Lycia 3 staters

27. Syria, before 1989

Burial: 500-400 BC

Contents: 6000 AR

 Persia: Sigloi (struck in Turkey) (only coins in hoard)

30. Greece, 1931

(IGCH 1221)

Burial: 500-400 BC

 Phocaea 1 (only coin recorded)

33. Bulgaria, 1979

Burial: 500-400 BC

Contents: 10 AR (archaeological dig)

 Persian Sigloi (all from Turkish mints)

34. Greece, before 1842-43

(IGCH 362)

Burial: 5th c. BC

Contents: 300 AV, 100 AR

 Persian Darics (struck in Turkey, all in hoard)

43. Cyprus, 1934-1935

(IGCH 1277)

Burial: 475 BC

 Includes Lycia

57. Egypt, before 1879

Burial: 450-420 BC

Contents 18 AR

 Includes Lycia 1  Persia (Turkish mints) 1  Tarsus 1

78. Greece, late 1970’s

Burial: 400-375 BC

Contents 12 AR

 Phocis 3 Hemidrachm

143. Lebanon, 1985

Burial: c. 340 BC

Contents: 150 plus AR

 Sardes Sigloi (entire hoard)

158. Syria, 1989

Burial: 333-332 BC

Contents AR

 Pontus, Sinope 4  Cyzicus 1  Ephesos 1  Persian Satrapal issue 1  Tarsus 8

185. Syria or Lebanon, 1990

Burial: 325 BC

Contents: 175 AR plus

 Alexander III including Cilicia 35

186. Greece?, 1988

Burial: c. 323 BC

Contents: 6 AR

 Includes Alexander III Tetradrachms including Tarsus and Side

195. Bulgaria, 1979

Burial: c. 320 BC

Contents: 8 AR (archaeological dig)

 Includes Alexander III 2 Tetradrachms possibly including Turkish mints

196. Bulgaria, 1979

Burial: c. 320 BC

Contents: AE

 Includes Alexander III 3 possibly including Turkish mints

197. Bulgaria, 1979

Burial: c. 320 BC

Contents: 22 AR, 1 AE

 Includes Alexander III Tetradrachms 22 possibly including Turkish mints

198. Cyprus, 1941

Burial: c. 320 BC

Contents: 33 AR

 Includes Alexander III 3 Drachms, perhaps including Turkish mints

202. Greece

Burial: c. 315 BC

Contents: 98 AE

 Includes Alexander III AE, perhaps including Turkish mints

203. Greece, 1985

Burial: c. 315 BC

Contents: 23 plus AV

 Alexander III staters, including  2 Abdus

 2 Sardes  1 Miletus

205. Iran, 1974-1975

Burial c. 315 BC

3 plus AC

 Persia (Turkish mint) double Darics

207. Lebanon, 1987

Burial: c. 315 BC

Contents 50 AR

 Alexander III, including 2 Tarsus

212. Bulgaria, 1955

(IGCH 859)

Contents: 200 plus AR

 Alexander III 86 Tetradrachms recorded, possibly including Turkish mints

214. Greece

Burial: c. 305-297 BC

Contents: 2 AV, 10 (13) AR, 70 AE

 Includes Alexander III 7 AR Tetradrachms and 64 AE, perhaps including Turkish mints

217. Greece

Burial: c. 305-297 BC

Contents: 1 AR, 64 AE

 Includes Alexander III 1 AR drachm and 64 AE, perhaps including Turkish mints

218. Greece

Burial: c. 305-297 BC

Contents: 1 23 AE

 Includes Alexander III 20 AE, perhaps including Turkish mints

219. Greece

Burial: c. 305-297 BC

Contents: 1 AV, 124 AE

 Includes Alexander III 13 AE, perhaps including Turkish mints

220. Israel, 1990

Burial: 305 -290 BC

Contents: 18 AR

 Alexander III Tetradrachms 2 Sardes

228. Greece, 1984

Burial: c. 300 BC

Contents: AR

 Includes Alexander III 35 plus AR Tetradrachms and 64 AE, perhaps including Turkish mints

230. Bulgaria, 1964

(IGCH 836)

Burial: c. 300 BC

Contents: 20 plus AR

 Alexander III, possibly including Turkish mints

231. Syria, 1983

Burial: c. 300 BC

Contents: 9 AR

 Alexander III (early Seleucid) 9, possibly including Turkish mints

234. Greece

Burial: c. 300-200 BC

Contents: 81 AE

 Alexander III, possibly including Turkish mints

240. Greece, 1980

Burial: c. 300-275 BC

Contents: 52 AR

 Includes Alexander 21 AR Tetradrachms and 8 AR Drachms, perhaps including Turkish mints

251. Bulgaria, 1931

(IGCH 829)

Burial: c. 290 BC

Contents: 20 AR

 Alexander III, possibly including Turkish mints

256. Kuwait, 1984

Burial: c. 285 BC

Contents: AR

 Alexander AR Tetradrachms, including 1 Miletus 1 Sardes

260. Greece, 1987-1988

Burial: Before 281 BC

Contents: 30 AR

 Includes Alexander III 8 AR Tetradrachms and 20 AR Drachms, perhaps including Turkish mints  Includes Lysymachus 2 AR Drachms, perhaps including Turkish mints

261. Greece, 1984

Burial: 281-275 BC

Contents: 148 AV

 Includes Alexander III – Philip III from Turkish mints  Lampsacus 6 Staters  Teos 4 Staters  Colophon 1 Stater  Magneis ad Maenandrum 2 Staters  Sardes 3 Staters  Miletus 6 Staters

269. Bulgaria

Burial: c. 280 BC

Contents: AR

 Alexander III, possibly including Turkish mints

270. Greece, 1973

Burial: c 280 BC

Contents: 5 AR

 Alexander III 5 AR Drachms all from Turkish mints  Sardes 1  Abydus 1

 Lampsacus 1  Colophon 2

271. Greece, 1984

Burial: c 275 BC

Contents: 140 AV

 Alexander III 1 distater, 73 staters, possibly including Turkish mints  Philip III, 4 staters, possibly including Turkish mints  Lysamachus 2 staters, possibly including Turkish mints

278. Greece, 1981

Burial: c 270 BC

Contents: 329 AR

 Alexander III 22 tetradrachms, 73 drachmas , possibly including Turkish mints  Philip III, 1 tetradrachm, 4 drachms, possibly including Turkish mints

281. Greece, 1981

Burial: c 260 BC

Contents: 101 AR (archaeological dig, found with 282)

 Alexander III 1 AR tetradrachm, 18 drachms, including  Lampsacus 2  Abydus 1  Colophon 2  Miletus 1  Cyme 1

282. Greece, 1981

Burial: c 260 BC

Contents: 117 AR in pot hoard (archaeological dig, found with 282)

 Alexander III 10 AR drachms, including o Lampsacus 1 o Abydus 1 o Colophon 2  Philip III 1 drachm Sardes  Antiochus I 1 tetradrachm Cyme

290. Syria?, 1983?

Burial: c. 250 BC

Contents: 26 AR

 Ephesus 16 plus AR drachms

297. Greece

Burial: 250 BC

Contents: 22 AE

 Alexander III 5 AE, possibly including Turkish mints

290. Greece, 1979-1980

Burial: c 250 BC

Contents: 542 plus AR

 Alexander III 5 tetradrachms, 172 drachmas , possibly including Turkish mints  Philip III, 1 drachm, possibly from a Turkish mint  Lysamachus, 3 drachms, possibly including Turkish mints

299. Albania

Burial: 250-225 BC

Contents: 612 AR

 Alexander III 8 tetradrachms, possibly including Turkish mints  Philip III, 1 tetradrachm and 4 drachms, possibly from Turkish mints  Lysamachus, 52 AR (denominations not reported), possibly including Turkish mints  Seleucid, 10 AR (denominations not reported), possibly including Turkish mints

312. Syria, 1974

(CH II, 70)

Burial: 226-225 BC

Contents: 62 AV

 Alexander III 25 staters, possibly including Turkish mints

333. Sicily (Italy), 1983

Burial: c. 290 BC

Contents: 212 AR

 Lysamachus Tetradrachm 1 (possibly Turkish mint)  Selucus II, Magnesia ad Meandrum

417. Greece, 1979

Burial: 175-150 BC

Contents: 550 plus AE

 Includes “many” Macedonian and Seleucid AE, perhaps including Turkish mints

433. Lebanon, 1980

Burial: c. 162 BC

Contents: 536 AR

 Antiochus I-V, possibly including Turkish mints  Posthumous Alexander III, possibly including Turkish mints  Posthumous Lysamachus, possibly including Turkish mints  Pergamum  Mythilene  Cos  Side  Ephesos

434. Syria, 1990

Burial: c. 160 BC

Contents: 65 AR

 Seleucid Tetradrachms, possibly including Turkish mints  Alexander III, Myrina 1  Lysamachus 7 including Byzantium and Tenedos  Attalids 8

471. Syria, 1987

Burial: c. 120 BC

Contents: 200 AR Tetradrachms

 Alexander III, Temnos 1  Clazomenae 1  Mytilene 1  Smyrna 1  Byzantium 1  Triphon, Antioch 8  Antiochus o Cilium 2 o Mallus  Alexander II Zabinas, Antioch 4

476. Syria, 1978

Burial: After 110 BC

Contents: 76 plus AR

 Seleucid tetradrachms Antioch 16

542. Greece, 1982

Burial: c. 31 BC

Contents: 19 AR in the sea

 Lysamachus, Byzantium 2

570. Greece, 1989

Contents: AV and AR

 Alexander III, possibly including Turkish mints

H. A. Meadows and U. Wartenberg eds., Coin Hoards IX (RNS 2002).

Pt. 1 The Balkans and the Aegean

21. Bulgaria, 1979

Burial: 4th c. BC

Contents: 3 plus

 Cyzicus 1

22. Greece, 1918

(IGCH 43)

Burial: 400-370 BC

Contents: 11 AU, 1 Electrum

 Persia (probably Turkish mints); 11 Darics  Cyzicus- 1 Electrum (entire hoard likely from Turkish mint)

55. Greece, 1938

Burial: 1st half of the 4th c. BC

Contents: 2 AE

 Abydus 1

82. Bulgaria, 1992

Burial: 335 BC

Contents: 68 AE

 Alexander III AE, possibly from Turkish mints

83. Bulgaria or Greece, 1988

Burial: 334-300 BC

Contents: 40 AE

 Alexander III AE, possibly from Turkish mints

84. Greece, 1995

Burial: 334-323 BC

Contents: 21 AE

 Alexander III AE, possibly from Turkish mints

86. Greece, 1992

Burial: 330-300 BC

Contents: 127 plus AR

 Alexander III tetradrachms 3-5, possibly from Turkish mints

88. Bulgaria, 1967

(IGCH 408)

Burial: 330-300 BC

Contents: 6 AU, pot hoard

 Alexander III o Sardes 1 o Miletus 2

89. Greece, 1986

(CH 8.234)

Burial: 334-323 BC

Contents: 81 AE., pot hoard

 Alexander III 45 AE, possibly from Turkish mints

94. Romania, 1899

(IGCH 409)

Burial: Late 4th c. BC

Contents: 6 AU

 Alexander III staters (IGCH notes 1 Lampsacus)

95. Greece, 1976

Burial: Late 4th c. BC

Contents: 231 AE

 Alexander III, possibly including Turkish mints

97. Greece, 1996

Burial: Late 4th c. BC

Contents: 9 AR plus jewelry

 Alexander III 2 drachms, possibly including Turkish mints

102. Greece, 1882

(IGCH 47)

Contents: 80 Electrum and AU, pot hoard

 Alexander III, referenced

o Lampsacus 1

o Cyzicus 1 Electrum

103. Greece, 1982

Burial: 320 BC

Contents: 98 AE (archaeological dig)

 Alexander III 19 AE, possibly from Turkish mints

104. Bulgaria, 1959

(IGCH 778)

Burial: 320 BC

Contents: 91 AE

 Alexander III 10 AE, possibly from Turkish mints

105. Bulgaria, 1918

(IGCH 399)

Burial: 320 BC

Contents: 200 AU

 Alexander III only 10 recorded, and these not from Turkish mints, but possibly others from Turkish mints

106. Bulgaria, 1949

Burial: 315-300 BC

Contents: 1000 AU, pot hoard

 Alexander III. Hoard only partly recorded. Only 34 held in Sofia. No Turkish mints listed, but possibly unrecorded coins from Turkish mints

107. Bulgaria, before 1954

Burial: 315-300 BC

Contents: Several Hundred AU

 Alexander III. Hoard only partly recorded. Only 3 held in Sofia. No Turkish mints listed, but possibly unrecorded coins from Turkish mints

119. Romania, 1882

(IGCH 400)

Burial: 315-300 BC

Contents: 200 AU

 Alexander III staters, possibly unrecorded coins from Turkish mints

129. Greece, 1977

(CH 6.64)

Burial: 300-290 BC

Contents: 90 AU (archaeological dig)

 Alexander III o Lampsacus 4 o Abydus 2 o Ephesus 1 o Magesia ad Maenandrum 2 o Miletus 4 o Teos 1 o Sardes 5

o Tarsus 1  Philip III o Abydus 2

144. Greece, 1938

Burial: 280 BC

Contents: 41 AR

 Alexander III Drachms o Lampsacus: 10 o Abydus: 2 o Teos: 2 o Colophon: 12 o Magnesia: 4 o Sardes 4 o Miletus: 2

145. Bulgaria, before 1920

Burial 280-270 BC

Contents: 46 plus AR

 Alexander III Drachms o Lampsacus 4 o Abydus: 2 o Lampsacus-Abydus 1 o Colophon 9 o Abydus-Colophon: 2 o Ephesus?: 2 o Magnesia: 3 o Sardes: 1 o Miletus: 2 o Mylasa: 2  Lysamachus Drachms o Ephesus: 1

152. Greece, 1959

Burial: 277-260 BC

Contents: 1 AU, 24 AR, 154 AE

 Alexander III 35 AE, possibly including Turkish mints

166. Serbia, 1953

Burial: 270-260 BC

Contents: 63 plus AR

 Alexander III 29 tetradrachms, possibly including Turkish mints  Lysamachus 6 tetradrachms, possibly including Turkish mints  Seleucus 3 tetradrachms, possibly including Turkish mints

172. Greece, 1938

(IGCH 168)

Burial: 260 BC

Contents: 591 plus AR

Note IGCH indicates hoard includes

 Lysamachus o Calcedon 1 o Cyzicus 1 o Lampsacus 5 o Alexandria Troas 1 o Pergammum 2 o Ephesus 1 o Magnesia 1 o Sardes 1

174. Serbia, 1920

(IGCH 447 and 448)

Burial: 255-250 BC

Contents: 224 AR

Note IGCH 447 includes

 Alexander III 5 drachms o Teos 1 o Colophon 3 o Sardes 1

Note IGCH 448 includes

 Alexander III 137 Tetradrachms o Sardes 3 o Miletus 2 o Side 3 o Tarsus 1  Lysimachus 19 Tetradrachms o Lampsacus 8 o Pergammum 2

o Colophon 1 o Ephesus 1 o Magnesia 3 o Sardes 3

179. Greece, 1970-1980

(CH 7.69, 8.298)

Burial: 250 BC

Contents: 543 plus AR

 Alexander III 5 tetradrachms, 172 drachms reported possibly including Turkish mints  Lysamachus 3 drachms reported, possibly including Turkish mints

187. Bulgaria, 1975-1976

Burial: 250 BC

Contents: 109 AR

Includes

 Alexander III Tetradrachms o Sardes 3 o Sardes?2 o Side?2  Lysimachus o Lampsacus 2 o Sardes 2 o Alexandria Troas 1

195. Greece, 1922

(IGCH 176)

Burial: 245 BC

IGCH notes 82 AR

 Includes Lysimachus o Lampsacus 1

196. Balkans, 1990’s

Burial: 240 BC

Contents: 94 AR

 Alexander III, Tetradrachms o Parium 1 o Ephesus 1

o Magnesia 1 o Sardes 1 o Side 1  Lysamachus Tetradrachms o Lysimacheia 1 o Lampsacus 1 o Magnesia 1 o Smyrna 1 o Pergammum 1 o Colophon 1 o Chalcedon 1  Antiochus I Tetradrachms o Sardes 1 o Tarsus 1  Antiochus II Tetradrachms o Cyme

198. Macedonia, 1992

Burial: 230-210 BC

Contents: 25 plus AE

 Alexander III 10, possibly from Turkish mints  Phillip III 2, possibly from Turkish mints

200. Greece, 1992

Burial: 225 BC

Contents: 86 AR

Includes,

 Lysamachus o Lampsacus 4 o Byzantium 2 o Chalcedon 1  Antiochus II Tetradrachms o Ephesus 1  Seleucos II o Antioch 1

201. Greece, 1998

Burial: 220’s BC

Contents: 53 AR and AE, pot hoard

 Alexander III Drachms

o Abydus: 3 o Miletus: 2 o Colophon: 6 o Sardes: 2 o Magnesia: 3 o Lampsacus: 3 o Mylasa: 3

203. Bulgaria, 1920

(IGCH 872)

Burial: 215-200 BC

Contents: 26 AR, pot hoard

Includes

 Antiochus II o Mylasa: 1  Antiochus III o Tarsus: 1

213. Romania, c. 1803

(IGCH 467)

Burial: 3rd to 2nd c. BC

Contents: 280 AU

Lysimachus 280 staters, possibly including Turkish mints

214. Perivoj (Croatia?), 1984

(CH 8.367)

Contents: 115 AE (not AR as previously reported), Includes,

 Cyme 111  Pergamum 1  Smyrna 1  Clazeomenae 1

215. Romania, 1867

Burial: 3rd-2nd c. BC

Contents: 200 AR

 Includes Alexander III tetradrachms, possibly including Turkish mints

219. Romania, 1902

(IGCH 461)

Burial: 3rd-2nd c. BC

Contents: 44 AR

 Includes “some” Alexander III tetradrachms, possibly including Turkish mints

220. Romania, 1939-40

(IGCH 461)

Burial: 3rd-2nd c. BC

Contents: 204 AR

 Includes Alexander III tetradrachm o Priene 1

247. Greece, 1968

(IGCH 237)

Burial: 165 BC

Contents: 894 plus AR

Includes,

 Alexander III o Mytilene 1 o Smyrna 2 o Sardes 1  Lysamachus o Byzantium 2 o Chalcedon? 1 o Pergamum 2  Antiochus II o Antioch 1  Seleucos IV o Tarsus 1

275. Romania, 1800-1806

(IGCH 466-467)

Burial: 1st c. BC

Contents: 2000 plus AU

 Lysimachus staters, possibly including Turkish mints

276. Romania, 1540-1545

(IGCH 670)

Burial: 1st c. BC

Contents: 40,000? AU

 Lysimachus staters, possibly including Turkish mints

319. Serbia?, 1993

Burial: Mid 1st c. BC

Contents: 5 AE

 Lampsacus 1  Tarsus 1  Antiochus II o Sardes 1

Part 2. Asia Minor, the Levant and the East

340. Samos (Greece), 1894

(IGCH 1158)

Burial: 575-560 BC

Contents: 60 Electrum

 Presumably early coins from Lydia (present day Turkey)

343. Iran, 1933

(IGCH 1789)

Burial: 511-500 BC

Contents: 8 AU, 5 AR

 Includes Lydia: 4 light Crosiod AU

353. Cyprus

(IGCH 1222 and 1277, CH 8.42)

Burial: 470 BC

Contents: 700 AR

 Includes 1 Lycia recorded, perhaps other Turkish mints

356. Lebanon, 1933-1938

(Archaeological dig)

(CH. 8.587)

Burial: 450 BC

Contents: 18 AR in bronze box together with gold and silver bullion

 Includes o Lycia 1 stater o Persia 1 siglos (these were struck at Turkish mints)

357. Syria, 1953

(IGCH 1481)

(CH 8.587)

Burial: 450 BC

Contents: 4 plus AR

 Includes o Persia 1 siglos (these were struck at Turkish mints)

362. Syria, 1961

(IGCH 1483)

(CH 8.587)

Burial: 425-420 BC

Contents: 100 AR plus jewelry

 IGCH notes hoard Includes o Cnidus 1 drachm o Persia 1 siglos (these were struck at Turkish mints)

401. Cyprus, before 1901

(IGCH 1263)

Burial: 370 BC

Contents: 8 AR

 Includes o Nagidus 1 fraction o Tarsus 1 fraction

411. Syria, 1978

(CH 8.27)

Burial: Mid 4th c. BC

Contents: 6000 plus AR

 Persian sigloi (these wert struck at Turkish mints)

424. Chios (Greece), 1953

(IGCH 1211)

Burial: 340 BC

Contents: 1 AR, 65 AE

Includes

 Mauslolos 2 drachm

436. Lebanon, 1933-38

(IGCH 1515)

(CH 8.587)

Burial: 336 BC

Contents from IGCH: 141 AR

 Includes Alexander III Tets o Side 3 o Myrandrus 2 o Tarsus 2

440. Palestine, 1968

(IGCH 1501)

Burial: 333-332 BC

Contents: 965 AR plus jewelry

 Includes: o Sinope 2 drachms o Amisus 1 fragment o Cilicia 1 fraction

449. Syria, 1988

(CH 8.587)

Burial: 330 BC

Contents: 7 Ar

Includes

 Alexander III 5 tetradrachms, perhaps from Turkish mints

451. Palestine, 1962

(IGCH 1503)

(CH 8.587)

Burial: 330 BC

Contents: 9 plus AR

 Includes: o Tarsus 1 stater

461. Israel, c. 1966

(IGCH 1509)

(CH 8.587)

Burial: 320 BC

Contents: 1 plus AR, 60 AE

Includes Alexander III 18 AE, possibly including Turkish mints

462. Israel, 1936

(IGCH 1510)

(CH 587)

Burial: 320 BC

Contents: 118 plus AR

IGCH notes

 Alexander III tetradrachms include o Side 1 o Tarsus 1

466. Cyprus

(IGCH 1471)

Burial: 305 BC

Contents: 13 AR

Includes

 Alexander III drachms o Colophon 1 o Lampsacus 2 o Miletus 1  Philip III drachms

o Sardes 1

483. Lebanon, 1997

Burial: 285-280BC

Contents: 800 AR

Includes

 Alexander III tetradrachms o Sardes o Tarsus o Myriandus

510. Lebanon, 1997

Burial: 165 BC

Contents: 49 plus 42 AR

Includes

 Ephesus: 22 drachms (2 plated)

513. Syria, 1940

(IGCH 1552)

(CH 1.75)

Burial: 165 BC

Contents: IGCH notes 28 plus AR

Includes

 Ephesus: 13 drachms

548. Israel, 1988

Burial: 100 BC

Contents 1 AR, 46 AE (archaeological dig)

 Teos 1 AE  COS 5 AE  Cnidus 1 AE  Lycian League 3 AE  Side 1 AE  Antiochus II o Antioch 1 AE

566. Lebanon, c. 1980

Burial: Mid 1st c. BC

Contents: 106 plus AE

 Tigranes II of Armenia (possibly including Turkish mints)

580. Armenia, 1959

Burial: 38 BC

Contents: 8 AR

Includes

 Tigranes II of Armenia tetradrachmes o Antioch 2

589. Syria, 1951

(CH 1.74)

Burial: 12 AD

Contents: 76 AR

Includes

 Antioch o Philip II imitation tetradrachms 26 o Anthony and Cleopatra tetradrachms 6 o Roman Provincial tetradrachms

Part 4. Egypt and Africa

689. Algeria, 1920

Burial: 210 BC

Contents: 121 AR

Includes

 Antiochus II o Magnesia ad Meandrum 1

I. Oliver Hoover, Andrew Meadows, Ute Wartenberg, eds., Coin Hoard X (RNS ANS 2010)

19. Ukraine, 2003

Burial: 375-350 BC

Contents: 99 Electrum in pot hoard (archaeological dig)

 Cyzicus: 99 electrum

34. Bulgaria, 1970’s

Burial: Last quarter of the 4th c. BC

Contents: 4 AU

 Alexander III states o Sardes 1 o Miletus 1

36. Romania, 1998

Burial: Late 4th c. BC

Contents: 40 plus AE in a small vessel

 Includes Alexander III, possibly including Turkish mints

37. Romania, before 2006

Burial: Late 4th c. BC

Contents: 149 plus AE

 Includes 58 Alexander III AE, possibly including Turkish mints

38. Romania, before 2006

Burial: Late 4th c. BC

Contents: 112 plus AE

 Includes 39 Alexander III AE, possibly including Turkish mints

40. Greece, 1983

Burial: 323 BC

Contents: 80 AU

 Philip II o Miletus- 1 stater  Alexander III o Miletus- 2 staters

44. Greece, 1996

Burial: Late 4th c. BC

Contents: 2 AU

 Persia (Sardes Mint) Double Darics

45. Bulgaria, 1976

Burial: 319-318 BC

Contents: 3 AR

Includes,

 Alexander III o Sardes- 1 drachm

46. Bulgaria, 1983

Burial: 317-316 BC

Contents: 10 AU

Includes,

 Alexander III o Sardes- 1 stater o Miletus- 1 stater

48. Greece, 1995

Burial: 318-300 BC

 Ephesus- 1 tetradrachm

49. Greece, 1917

Burial: 310-300 BC

Contents: 789 AR

 Alexander III, 152 tetradrachms, 5 didrachms and 17 drachms, possibly including Turkish mints.

54. Greece, 1997

Burial: Late 4th early 3rd c. BC

Contents: 206 AR

 Alexander III o Abydus: 2 drachms  Lysimachus o Ephesus: 1 drachm

55. Greece, 1973

Burial: 300-275 BC

Contents: 100 AR

 Alexander III

o Lampsacus: 1 drachm o Miletus: 1 drachm o Sardes: 1 drachm

60. Bulgaria, before 1999

Burial: Early 3rd c. BC

Contents: 5 plus AU

 Alexander III o Lampsacus: 1 stater o Side: 1 stater

67. Greece, 1938

(IGCH 178)

Burial: 280 BC

Contents: 32 AR

 Lysimachus o Lampsacus: 1 tetradrachm  Alexander III, posthumous types o Lampsacus: 2 drachms o Abydus: 1 drachm o Colophon: 1 drachm o Magnesia: 2 drachms o Sardes: 3 drachms  Philip III o Colophon: 1 drachm

68. Greece, before 1897

(IGCH 444)

Burial: 280 BC

Contents: 167 AR

IGCH indicates hoard contained,

 Alexander III: 104 tetradrachms lifetime and early posthumous types o Abydus: 1 o Sardes: 5 o Miletus: 1 o Side: 2 o Tarsus: 3  Lysimachus: tetradrachms o Lampsacus: 1

o Sardes: 3 o Alexandra Troas: 1 o Magnesia: 4

69. Bulgaria, 1875

Burial: 280-275 BC

Contents: 51 AR

 Alexander III, 7 tetradrachms, 34 drachms, possibly including Turkish mints  Philip III, 1 tetradrachm, 3 drachms, possibly including Turkish mints  Lysimachus, 4 tetradrachms, 2 drachms, possibly including Turkish mints

70. Greece, 2000

Burial: 280-275 BC

Contents: 21 AR (archaeological dig)

 Alexander III o Lampsacus: 3 drachms o Colophon: 1 drachm o Miletus: 2 drachms  Philip III o Colophon: 1 drachm o Sardes: 1 drachm

73. Bulgaria, 1980’s

Burial: Mid 3rd c. BC

Contents: 15 AR

 Lampsacus: 1 drachm  Mylasa: 1 tetradrachm

81. Romania, 1956

Burial: Mid 3rd c. BC

Contents: 130-140 AU

 Lysimachus o Alexandria Troas: 3 o Lysimachia: 5 o Cius: 2 o Cyzicus? 1 o Byzantium: 1 o Byzantium? 8 o Calcedon: 1

84. Greece, before 2000

Burial: mid 3rd c. BC

Contents: 149 AR

Includes

 Alexander III, 82 tetradrachms and drachms, possibly including Turkish mints  Philip III, 5, possibly including Turkish mints  Lysimachus, 5, possibly including Turkish mints

93. Ukraine, 1895

(IGCH 866)

Burial: 228-220 BC

Contents: 1200 AU in a vase

IGCH notes the hoard includes

 Philip II, 4 staters, lifetime and posthumous issues o Lampsachus: 2 o Abydus: 1  Alexander III, 694 staters o Lampsachus: 27 o Abydus: 24 o Alexandria Troas: 2 o Sardes: 2 o Teos: 2 o Colophon: 1 o Ephesus: 3 o Magnesia: 6 o Miletus: 13 o Side: 1 o Tarsus: 7  Philip III, 21 staters o Lampsarchus: 1 o Abydus: 1 o Sardes: 1 o Colophon: 1  Lysimahcus, 250 lifetime and posthumous issues o Lysimacheia: 8 o Sestus: 1 o Cyzicus? 11 o Lampsacus: 3 o Alexandria Troas: 31

o Sardes: 3 o Mytilene: 1 o Colophon: 1 o Ephesus: 3 o Magnesia: 1 o Aenus: 4 o Perinthes: 2 o Byzantium: 10 o Chalchedon: 2 o Heracleia: 1

106. Romania, 1967

Burial: 2nd – 1st c. BC

Contents: 93 AR in a pot hoard

Includes

 Alexander III o Byzantium: 1 tetradrachm

116. Bulgaria, 1914

(IGCH 860)

Contents: 18 plus AR

Includes,

 Alexander III, drachms o Lampsachus: 2 o Abydus: 1 o “Colophon:” 5 o Miletus: 1 o Sardes: 2

 Philip III, drachms o “Colophon:” 1 o Magnesia: 1 o Sardis: 3

139. Croatia, 1985

Burial: Late 2nd c.- early 1st c. BC

Contents: 1140? AE hidden in and amphora

Includes

 Amisus: 9

 Amastris: 3  Sinope: 2

161. Romania, 1998

Burial: 1st c. BC

Contents: Large numbers of AU

 Lysamachus staters, possibly including Turkish mints

171. Albania, 1988

Burial: Mid 1st c. BC

Contents: 2,749 AE in 2 vases

Includes,

 Prusias I or II  Prusias II  Pergammum: 1  Ephesus: 1

93. Ukraine, 1984

Burial: after 20 BC

Contents: 70 Ae

 Sinope: 7  Amastris: 1

194. Russia, 1963

Burial: 45-49 AD

Contents: 150 AE and 34 AE

Includes

 Mithradates: 63 AE

Part 2. Asia Minor, the Levant and the East

205. Iran, 1924

(IGCH 1789)

Burial: 500 BC

Contents: 5 AR, 5 AU

 Lydia: 4 AV Crosioid (Sardes)

206. Turkmenistan, 2003

 Teos: 1 fraction  Sardes: 2 Croseus staters  Lycia: 3 staters

228. Cyprus, 1978

Burial: 380 BC

Contents: 6 AV

 Persia: 6 Darics (Sardes)

259. Cyprus, 1870

(IGCH 1472 (improperly listed at 1470))

Burial: 300 BC

Contents: 1000 plus AV

According to IGCH the hoard includes,

 Philip II, lifetime and posthumous staters o Abydus: 6 o Lampsachus: 2 o Colophon: 1 o Teos: 3 o Magnesia: 1  Alexander III, lifetime and posthumous staters o Abydus: 6 o Lampsachus: 27 o Colophon: 1 o Teos: 1 o Magnesia: 2 o Miletus: 4 o Side: 8 o Pamphlya: 2 o Tarsus: 7  Philip III, staters o Abydus: 2

264. Kuwait, 1984

Burial: 285 BC

 Alexander III: 26 tetradrachms, possibly including Turkish mints  Seleucid I: 1 tetradrachm, possibly from a Turkish mint

275. Pakistan, 2001

Burial: 206-200 BC

Contents: 230 AR

 Alexander III, posthumous o Pergammum: 2 o Miletus: 2 o Miletus or Mylasa: 1 o Side: 1 o Perge: 1 o Uncertain Pamphylia: 1  Lysimachus o Aenus: 2 o Lampsacus: 4 o Smyrna: 1  Attalus o Pergammum: 2  Seleucus II o Antioch: 1 o Nisbis: 1  Antiochus III o Antioch: 11 o Uncertain associated with Antioch: 1 o Nisbis: 1

289. Syria, 1971

(CH 2. 81)

Burial: 195-194 BC

Contents: 90 AR

 Posthumous Alexander tetradrachms o Sinope: 1 o Pergammum:1 o Miletus: 2 o Phacelis: 5 o Aspendus: 3 o Perge: 6  Ephesus: 3 drachms  Alabanda: 1 tetradrachm

298. Syria, shortly before 1996

Burial: 165 BC

Contents: 44 AR plus one plated

Includes

 Eumanes I o Pergammum: 1  Antiochus Hierax o Lampsachus: 1 tetradrachm  Antiochus III o Antioch: 3 tetradrachms  Seleucus IV o Cilicia: 1 tetradrachm o Antioch: 6 tetradrachms  Antiochus, son of Seleucus IV o Antioch: 1 tetradrachm  Antiochus IV o Antioch: 12 tetradrachms

314. Syria, 1997

Burial: 130 BC

Contents: 164 plus AR

 Antiochus VII o Tarsus: 1 o Tarsus? o Antioch: 163 tetradrachms

318. Syria or Lebanon, 2000

Burial: 123-122 BC

Contents: 9 AR

Includes

 Alexander II Zabinas o Antioch: 3? Tetradrachms

319. Israel, 2002

Burial: 123 BC

Contents: 327 AE

Includes,

 Cos: 1  Side  Seleucus IV o Antioch: 4 o Antioch?: 2

 Demetrius o Antioch: 4  Antiochus VII o Antioch: 6  Alexander II o Antioch: 4  Cleopatra and Antiochus VIII o Antioch: 1

322. Syria, 1987

Burial: 120 BC (partly recorded)

Contents: 200 AR

Includes

 Byzantium  Mytilene  Clazomenae  Smyrna  Alexander Balas o Antioch: 2  Demetrius II o Mopsus  Tryphon o Antioch: 8  Antiochus VIII o Cilicia: 1 o Mallus: 4  Demetrius II, 2nd reign o Antioch 5  Alexander II Zabinas o Antioch: 4

326. Syria, 1978

Burial: 118 BC

Contents: 10 AR

 Alexander II o Temnus: 6 tetradrachms o Alabanda: 3 tetradrachms

328. Eastern Syria or North Eastern Mesopotamia, 1000

(CH 9.523)

Burial: 104-102 BC

Contains: 25 plus AR

 Antiochus VII o Cappadocian tetradrachms: 25 plus

348. Lebanon, 1951

(IGCH 1583)

Burial: 76-75 BC

Contents: 16 AR

IGCH notes hoard includes

 Seleucus VII o Antioch: 2 tetradrachms  Antiochus X: o Antioch: 10 tetradrachms

358. Syria, 1981

Burial: 47-46 BC or later

Contents: 5 AR

 Philip I Philadelphus- 1 tetradrachm o Antioch; 1 tetradrachm

359. Iraq, 1955

(IGCH 1786)

Burial: Soon after 45 BC

Contents; 537 plus AR

IGCH states hoard includes

 Alexander III: 159 lifetime and early posthumous tetradrachms o Tarsus: 2 tetradrachms  Antiochus III: o Antioch: 1 tetradrachm  Demetrius: 1 tetradrachm o Antioch:  Antiochus VIII: o Antioch: 1 tetradrachm  Seleucus VI o Antioch: 6 tetradrachms  Antiochus X:

o Antioch: 13 tetradrachm  Philip Philadelphius o Antioch: 227 tetradrachms

Coin Hoards X modifies this list as follows:

“Lot B”

 Demetrius: 1 tetradrachm o Antioch:  Antiochus VII, third reign: o Antioch: 1 tetradrachm  Antiochus IX: o Antioch: 1 tetradrachm  Seleucus VI o Antioch: 6 tetradrachms  Antiochus X: o Antioch: 13 tetradrachm  Philip Philadelphius o Antioch: 164 tetradrachms  Antiochus XIII o Antioch: 2 tetradrachms 

Part 4. Egypt and North Africa

436. Egypt, 1901

(IGCH 1645)

Contents: 84 AR with 18 dumps and bars

IGCH notes hoard includes

 Sinope: 1 stater  Teos: 2 staters  Phaeselis: 1 stater  Lycia: 3 staters

437. Egypt, before 1950

Burial: 450 BC

Contents: 19 AR plus ingots

Includes

 Lycia: 2 stater fragments

446. Egypt, 1905

(IGCH 1664)

Burial: 318 BC

Contents: 8000 AR

IGCH notes hoard contains,

 Alexander III, 4729 Lifetime and early posthumous tetradrachms, including o Lampsachus: 72 o Sardes: 3 o Miletus: 68 o Side: 154 o Tarsus: 462

Coin Hoards X notes that the following Turkish mint coins from this hoard are in the Kelsey Museum in Ann Arbor and the Greek Government Coin Cabinet in Athens:

A. Ann Arbor

 Alexander III o Side: 1 o Tarsus: 2 o Myriandrus: 2

B. Athens

 Alexander III o Lampsachus: 2 o Miletus: 6 o Sardes: 2 o Side: 1

III. The Tresors Series

Tresors 1 (Tarsus (8), Seleucia on the Calycadnus (1), Perge, Milteus, Magnesia on the Meander

(1), Sardes (16), Pergamon (2), Attalids (6), Alexandria Troas (2), Ilion (1), Lamsacus (1),

Parion (1), Sinope (1), Chalcedon (2), Antioch (25))

Tresors 2 (Tartous 1940): Tarsus (1)

Tresors 3 (Syria 1960): Antioch (3), Byzantium (1), Kios (1)

Tresors 6 (Latakia 1946): Miletus (1), Phaselis (1), Side (6)

Tresors 7 (Kosseir 1949): Antioch (1), Prusias I of Bithynia (1), Calchedon (1), Lampsakos (1),

Tenedos (1), Assos (1), Sardes (1), Colophon (1), Miletus (1), Phaselis (4), Perge (3), Aspendus

(3), Side (9)

Tresors 10 (Baiyada 1949): Temnos (1), Ephesus (1), Phaselis (2), Aspendus (2)

Tresors 11 (Latakia 1759: Antioch (4), Myriandros (1), Tarsus (1), Mithradates of Pontus (2),

Lampsacus (1), Ilian League (1), Assos (1), Myrina (2), Cyme (1), Erythrae (2), Clazomenae (1),

Colophon (1), Magnesia on the meander (3), Miletus (1), Mylasa (1), Alabanda (5), Perge (1),

Side (2)

Tresors 12 (Aleppo 1931: Antioch (6), Myrina (1), Phaselis (2), Perge (5), Aspendos (10), Side

(11)

Tresors 14 (khan Cheikoun 1940: Heraclea (1), Cyme (1), Myrina (1), Temnos (1), Mytilene (1),

Phaselis (17), Aaspendos (24), Perge (27)

Tresors 15 (Tell kotchek 1952): Alexandria Troas (1), Assos (3), Cyme (5), Myrina (5), Temnos

(197), Alabanda (342), Phaselis (5), Perge (7), Aspendos (20), Side (3)

Tresors 16 (Latakia 1950): Antioch (1), Heraclea (1), Lampsacus (1), Myrina (1), Temnos (2),

Alabanda (3), Miletus (1)

Tresors 17 (Arab El-Mulk 1940): Ephesus (13)

Tresors 18 (Akkar 1956): Antioch (1), Myrina (13), Cyme (4), Aegae (2), Temnos (36), Smyrna

(2), Heraclea (2), Magnesia on the Meander (5), Alabanda (1), Miletus (1)

Tresors 19 (Ghonsle 1955: Antioch (5), Myrina (7), Cyme (4), Smyrna (3), Magnesia on the meander (2)

Tresors 21 (Teffaha 1954: Antioch (2), Myrina (4), Cyme (6), Temnos (14), Alabanda (2),

Asbendos (1)

Tresors 22 (El-Aweiniye 1941: Myrina (15), Cyme (42), Aegae (17), Magnesia on the meander

(2)

Tresors 24 (Ras Baalbek 1957): Antioch (10), Myrina (1), Cyme (3), Aegae (1), Smyrna (1),

Magnesia (8)

Tresors 25 (Aleppo 1930): Prusias of Bithynia (4), Myrina (1), Cyme (4), Lebedus (1), Magnesia

(2), Heraclea (11), Alabanda (2)

Tresors 27 (Latakia 1948): Antioch (5)

Tresors 28 (Baarin 1955): Antioch (11), Myrina (1), Cyme (5), Smyrna (2)

Tresors 29 (Tell Ahmar 1929) (32 out of 45 pieces): Antioch (32)

Tresors 30 (Kessab 1952): Antioch (156), Tarsus (9), Mallus (1), Seleucia calycadnus (1)

Tresors 32 (Aleppo 1940): Antioch (20)

Tresors 38 (Diyarbakir 1955: Antioch (158)

Tresors 39 (Bab environs 1951): Antioch (75) i) Quantities of Hellenistic Material from Turkish Mints in Syrian Hoards

A review of the material in H. Seyrig. Tresors du Levant anciens et nouveaux (Paris, 1978) shows that Hellenistic coins from mints generally account for almost half of the hoard contents, and frequently far more, illustrating the vast numbers of coins that moved from Turkey to Syria in the course of circulation. In other words, mints in Turkey had a large responsibility for monetizing Syria.

Tresors 1 (70 out of 149 pieces)

Tresors 6 (Latakia 1946) (6 out of 32 pieces): Miletus (1), Phaselis (1), Side (6)

Tresors 7 (Kosseir 1949) (28 out of 40 pieces): Antioch (1), Prusias I of Bithynia (1), Calchedon

(1), Lampsakos (1), Tenedos (1), Assos (1), Sardes (1), Colophon (1), Miletus (1), Phaselis (4),

Perge (3), Aspendus (3), Side (9)

Tresors 10 (Baiyada 1949): Temnos (1), Ephesus (1), Phaselis (2), Aspendus (2)

Tresors 11(Latakia 1759) (31 out of 95 pieces): Antioch (4), Myriandros (1), Tarsus (1),

Mithradates of Pontus (2), Lampsacus (1), Ilian League (1), Assos (1), Myrina (2), Cyme (1),

Erythrae (2), Clazomenae (1), Colophon (1), Magnesia on the meander (3), Miletus (1), Mylasa

(1), Alabanda (5), Perge (1), Side (2)

Tresors 12 (Aleppo 1931) (36 out of 37 pieces): Antioch (6), Myrina (1), Phaselis (2), Perge (5),

Aspendos (10), Side (11)

Tresors 14 (khan Cheikoun 1940) (103 out of 103 pieces): Heraclea (1), Cyme (1), Myrina (1),

Temnos (1), Mytilene (1), Phaselis (17), Aaspendos (24), Perge (27)

Tresors 15 (Tell kotchek 1952) (598 out of 604 pieces): Alexandria Troas (1), Assos (3), Cyme

(5), Myrina (5), Temnos (197), Alabanda (342), Phaselis (5), Perge (7), Aspendos (20), Side (3)

Tresors 16 (Latakia 1950) (10 out of 10 pieces): Antioch (1), Heraclea (1), Lampsacus (1),

Myrina (1), Temnos (2), Alabanda (3), Miletus (1)

Tresors 17 (Arab El-Mulk 1940) (13 out of 28 pieces): Ephesus (13)

Tresors 18 (Akkar 1956) (69 out of 70 pieces): Antioch (1), Myrina (13), Cyme (4), Aegae (2),

Temnos (36), Smyrna (2), Heraclea (2), Magnesia on the Meander (5), Alabanda (1), Miletus (1)

Tresors 19 19 (Ghonsle 1955) (21 out of 21 pieces): Antioch (5), Myrina (7), Cyme (4), Smyrna

(3), Magnesia on the meander (2)

Tresors 21 (Teffaha 1954) (30 out of 30 pieces): Antioch (2), Myrina (4), Cyme (6), Temnos

(14), Alabanda (2), Asbendos (1)

Tresors 22 (El-Aweiniye 1941) (78 out of 78 pieces): Myrina (15), Cyme (42), Aegae (17),

Magnesia on the meander (2)

Tresors 24 (Ras Baalbek 1957) (24 out of 45 pieces): Antioch (10), Myrina (1), Cyme (3), Aegae

(1), Smyrna (1), Magnesia (8)

Tresors 25 (Aleppo 1930) (29 out of 34 pieces): Prusias of Bithynia (4), Myrina (1), Cyme (4),

Lebedus (1), Magnesia (2), Heraclea (11), Alabanda (2)

Tresors 26 (Mesopotamia 1954) (136 out of 212 pieces): Antioch (136)

Tresors 27 (Latakia 1948) (5 out of 10 pieces): Antioch (5)

Tresors 28 (Baarin 1955) (19 out of 21 pieces) Antioch (11), Myrina (1), Cyme (5), Smyrna (2)

Tresors 29 (Tell Ahmar 1929) (32 out of 45 pieces): Antioch (32)

Tresors 30 (Kessab 1952) (167 out of 392 pieces): Antioch (156), Tarsus (9), Mallus (1),

Seleucia calycadnus (1)

Tresors 32 (Aleppo 1940) (20 out of 20 pieces): Antioch (20)

Tresors 38 (Diyarbakir 1955) (158 out of 238 pieces): Antioch (158)

Tresors 39 (Bab environs 1951) (75 out of 76 pieces): Antioch (75)

IV. Hellenistic Wreathed Tetradrachms from Turkish Mints in Syrian Hoards

Hellenistic wreathed tetradrachms from Turkish Mints are almost exclusively found in Syrian hoards, which has led to the appearance of such coins on the numismatic market as an index of

Syrian (NOT Turkish finds). The specifically Syrian quality of these finds has been discussed in detail in Case 2 of U. Wartenberg “Collecting Coins and the Conflict in Syria”

(https://eca.state.gov/files/bureau/wartenbergsyria-coincollecting.pdf), a paper presented at a the

Department of State Symposium “Conflict Antiquities: Forging a Public/Private Response to

Save Iraq and Syria’s Endangered Cultural Heritage.” It is generally accepted by numismatic scholars that the coins in question were produced specifically for export to Syria either for trade or to support military enterprises in the region (see S. Psoma, “War or Trade? Attic-Weight

Tetradrachms from Second-Century BC Attalid Asia Minor in Seleukid Syria after the Peace of

Apameia and their Historical Context,” in P. Thonemann, Attalid Asia Minor – Money,

International Relations, and the State (Oxford, 2013).

A similar case might be made for Parian hemidrachms which are predominantly found in

Bulgaria and were clearly produced for trade in the region (out of 45 hoards including Parium listed in IGCH only 5 occur in Turkey, but 21 in Bulgaria.

V. FINDS OF ROMAN COINS FROM MINTS IN TURKEY IN OTHER COUNTRIES

An online search of Coin Hoards of the Roman Empire (http://chre.ashmus.ox.ac.uk/hoard/) yields 853 hoards including the mints of Antioch, Constantinople, Cyzicus, and Heraclea, of which 804 come from 38 different countries other than Turkey as follows:

Romania (64), Hungary (82), Spain (13), Portugal (12), Serbia (16), Bulgaria (18), France (120),

Croatia (18), Libya (2), Syria (4), Greece (1), Bosnia-Herzegovina (2), Germany (5),

Luxembourg (14), Israel (46), Slovenia (38), Moldova (5), Slovakia (8), North Macedonia (5),

Belgium (28), Italy (77), Switzerland (6), Netherlands (28), Algeria (24), Austria (29), England

(27), Tunisia (58), Morocco (1), Poland (29), Jordan (2), Lithuania (1), Yemen (3), Sweden (1),

Georgia (6), Czech Republic (8), Wales (1), Finland (1), Saudi Arabia (1). i) Zenobia and Vabalathus Issues of Antioch

It has been shown that Roman issues of the usurpers Zenobia and Vabalathus from the mint of Antioch are so regularly found in Syria that their appearance on the numismatic market can be used as an index of Syrian (NOT Turkish) finds, as discussed in Case 1 of U.

Wartenberg “Collecting Coins and the Conflict in Syria”

(https://eca.state.gov/files/bureau/wartenbergsyria-coincollecting.pdf), a paper presented at a the Department of State Symposium “Conflict Antiquities: Forging a Public/Private

Response to Save Iraq and Syria’s Endangered Cultural Heritage.”

Finds Demonstrating that Ancient Coins Struck in Turkish Mints Were Items of International Commerce

VI. FINDS OF BYZANTINE COINS FROM MINTS IN TURKEY IN OTHER COUNTRIES

G. Abou Diwan, “Base-Metal Coinage Circulation in Byzantine Beirut, 491–641 CE,” AJN 30

(2018), pp. 163-218, lists the following Byzantine coins from mints in Turkey found in excavations at Beirut:

Constantinople: 123

Nicomedia: 2

Isauria: 1

Cyzicus: 20

Antioch: 144

The territories of modern Syria, Lebanon, and Israel were so reliant on Byzantine coins imported from the mints of Constantinople, Nicomedia, and Cyzicus (all in Turkey) that when they were conquered by the Islamic Arabs the locally-produced pseudo-Byzantine bronze coinages regularly copied the mint-marks of these cities. See S. Album and T. Goodwin, Sylloge of

Islamic Coins in the Ashmolean, Vol 1. The Pre-Reform Coinage of the Early Islamic Period

(Oxford, 2002), pp. 78-79. The Nicomedia mintmark was even retained for the Arab-Byzantine issues of Baysan (p. 82).

VII. Portable Antiquity Scheme

Portable Antiquities Scheme (https://finds.org.uk/):

The Portable Antiquities Scheme is run by the British Museum and Amgueddfa Cymru - National Museum Wales to encourage the recording of archaeological objects found by members of the public in England and Wales. Every year many thousands of archaeological objects are discovered, many of these by metal detector users, but also by people whilst out walking, gardening or going about their daily work. Finds recorded with the Scheme help advance knowledge of the history and archaeology of England and Wales. For more about the PAS, see https://finds.org.uk/about

“Roman Numismatic Search” https://finds.org.uk/database/search/romannumismatics on December 23, 2019

By mint2:

Antioch (Turkey) (https://finds.org.uk/database/search/results/mint/6/objecttype/COIN/broadperiod/ROMAN/page/ 1): 221 records

Constantinople (Turkey) (https://finds.org.uk/database/search/results/mint/53/objecttype/COIN/broadperiod/ROMAN): 352 records

Cyzicus (Turkey)

(https://finds.org.uk/database/search/results/mint/73/objecttype/COIN/broadperiod/ROMAN): 145 records

Nicomedia (Turkey) (https://finds.org.uk/database/search/results/mint/152/objecttype/COIN/broadperiod/ROMAN): 74 records

“Byzantine Numismatic Search” https://finds.org.uk/database/search/byzantinenumismatics on December 23, 2019

Antioch (Turkey)

(https://finds.org.uk/database/search/results/mint/1266/objecttype/coin/broadperiod/BYZANTINE); 2 records: 2 records

Constantinople (Turkey)

(https://finds.org.uk/database/search/results/mint/1268/objecttype/coin/broadperiod/BYZANTINE): 32 records

Nicomedia (Turkey)

(https://finds.org.uk/database/search/results/mint/1281/objecttype/coin/broadperiod/BYZANTINE_ ): 1 record

2 The PAS Database as of December 13, 2019 records 1,463,475 objects within 939,390 records. As with IGCH, the Coin Hoards series and other sources, there is a severe undercount of coins by mint, because the mint is not always recorded either as an oversight or because the mint mark was illegible on the specimen.