National History Bowl 11 Round 10 First Quarter 1

National History Bowl 11 Round 10 First Quarter 1. The title concept of this work is governed by five primary factors, including "Moral Law," Heaven, and Earth. It discusses "divine manipulation of the threads" in a section on "The Use of Spies," and cautions against recklessness and cowardice in the section, "Variation in Tactics." This work suggests "breaking the enemy's resistance without ever fighting." For 10 points, name this military treatise by Sun Tzu. ANSWER: The Art of War 003-11-31-10101 2. This composer commemorated his friends who had died in an anti-Hapsburg rebellion in his dissonant Funerailles. The poet Heinrich Heine described a namesake “mania” that occurred when this man showed up in Germany. This composer adapted gypsy music and other folk tunes from his homeland for a series of “Rhapsodies.” For 10 points, name this Hungarian composer. ANSWER: Franz Liszt 015-11-31-10102 3. The losing side of this war blanketed a landing at San Carlos with its air force. Major events in this conflict included the sinking of the Sheffield and the Belgrano. Its conclusion caused the downfall of Leopoldo Galtieri and a landslide victory for Margaret Thatcher. For 10 points, name this 1982 war fought between the UK and Argentina over a group of islands. ANSWER: Falkland Islands War 015-11-31-10103 4. In 1997, this man ordered Israel to provide an antidote to poisoned Hamas leader Khaled Meshal. He sacked prime minister Samir Rifai in 2011 and dismissed his entire cabinet. This man is considered by some to be a direct descendant of Muhammad due to his Hashimite lineage. His wife, Queen Rania, has been dogged by corruption allegations. For 10 points, name the current king of Jordan. ANSWER: King Abdullah II 030-11-31-10104 5. Vachel Lindsay wrote a poem "In Praise of" this figure. This man traveled to Mount Vernon for assistance after Ohio came under attack in the War of 1812, and though this figure was a missionary for the Swedenborgian Church, he is better known for the agricultural efforts that gave him his nickname. For 10 points, name this American pioneer encouraged the growth of certain types of fruit orchards. ANSWER: Johnny Appleseed or John Chapman 081-11-31-10105 6. Plans for Holy Communion to be received at this event were scrapped, reportedly out of fear of Italian poisoners. It was preceded by a secret midnight marriage officiated by Cardinal Joseph Fesch. Pius VII had been summoned for this ceremony, but this event's honoree snatched a crown out of the Pope's hands and placed it on his own head. For 10 points, name this December 2, 1804 ceremony that sought to legitimize the rule of a French emperor. ANSWER: coronation of Napoleon [or reasonable equivalents mentioning Napoleon being crowned] 003-11-31-10106 7. Since taking office, her closest election since her first was when Cindy Sheehan posted 16.2% of the vote in 2008 against this candidate's 71.9%. She headed a policy that included raising the minimum wage to $7.25 and an attempt to put into law the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission; this policy was the "100-Hour Plan." For 10 points, name this first female Speaker of the House. ANSWER: Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro Pelosi 088-11-31-10107 National History Bowl 11 Round 10 Page 1 of 10 © 2011 HSAPQ. Questions may be distributed to teams in attendance at this tournament only, in paper form only. 8. This man's invention was an improvement upon the creation of Cooke and Wheatstone, whose version required five galvanoscopes and six wires. Upon the completion of one instance of this man's invention, he transmitted the question "What hath God wrought?" from Baltimore to Washington, D.C. For 10 points, name this man whose namesake "code" consists of dots and dashes, the inventor of the single-wire telegraph. ANSWER: Samuel F.B. Morse 081-11-31-10108

National History Bowl 11 Round 10 Page 2 of 10 © 2011 HSAPQ. Questions may be distributed to teams in attendance at this tournament only, in paper form only. National History Bowl 11 Round 10 Second Quarter 1. Two answers required. A Joan Baez song about these people begins by quoting “The New Colossus.” In one painting, these people are depicted lying in open coffins as three men, two wearing top hats and carrying flowers, look on. That painting is The Passion of [these figures] by Ben Shahn. These people, whose story is told in (*) Maxwell Anderson’s play Winterset, are most famous for being convicted of killing two men during a robbery in Massachusetts, even though Celestino Madeiros confessed to the crime. For 10 points, name these two Italian anarchists who were executed in 1927. ANSWER: Ferdinando Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti

BONUS: Which anarchist, who along with her husband had earlier been deported to Russia, later wrote the book entitled My Disillusionment in Russia after she lost faith in the Russian Revolution? ANSWER: Emma Goldman 024-11-31-10101 2. One ruler of this dynasty was nearly killed when a gallery he was passing through collapsed, leading him to issue a decree known as the Ordinatio Imperii, which gave his son Bernard the title of King of Italy. Another ruler of this dynasty was crowned by Pope Stephen II. Another ruler of this dynasty won all his battles except for the Battle of Cologne, including the Battle of (*) Tours. The aforementioned rulers are Louis the Pious, Pepin the Short, and Charles Martel, respectively. For 10 points, name this Frankish dynasty which included Charlemagne. ANSWER: Carolingian dynasty

BONUS: Name the dynasty, founded by Clovis, that preceded the Carolingian. ANSWER: Merovingian Dynasty 024-11-31-10102 3. This group's spy network infiltrated an organization formed to protest the shooting of Eulia Love. Under William Parker, this group adopted the motto "To Protect and Serve," and under Darryl Gates, this organization started the D.A.R.E. program. A 2007 wrongful death lawsuit claims that three members of this group's Rampart Division killed Notorious B.I.G., and the Christopher Commission investigated this group after four of its members were videotaped (*) beating Rodney King. For 10 points, name this organization that dealt with the 1997 North Hollywood bank shootout and riots in Watts and South Central. ANSWER: LAPD [or Los Angeles Police Department]

BONUS: LAPD Officers who served during what 1994 natural disaster may wear a special ribbon on their uniforms? ANSWER: Northridge Earthquake (prompt on “earthquake” alone) 003-11-31-10103

National History Bowl 11 Round 10 Page 3 of 10 © 2011 HSAPQ. Questions may be distributed to teams in attendance at this tournament only, in paper form only. 4. The League of Prizren called for the independence of this nation, which was declared in 1912 by the Vlöre (VLAWR-uh) Proclamation. Fan Noli’s attempts to liberalize this country after World War I by bringing it into the League of Nations were opposed by the conservative bajraktars (bay-ROCK-tars). The bajraktars (bay-ROCK-tars) were later targeted by the Sigurimi (sih-GOO-ree-may), the secret police of a communist ruler of this state who claimed descent from the hero (*) Skanderbeg. For 10 points, name this Balkan country whose 1939 invasion by Italy under King Zog gave way to the communist rule of Enver Hoxha (EN-vur HAW-jah). ANSWER: Republic of Albania [or Republika e Shqipërisë (shih-PUH-reese)]

BONUS: The modern day country of Albania shares part of its territory with that from what ancient kingdom, whose king Pyrrhus fought against Rome? ANSWER: Epirus 079-11-31-10104 5. In his Inaugural Address, this President recommended extending the term length to six years and forbidding re-election. A section of the Chaco was named after this President after he arbitrated a territorial dispute between Argentina and Paraguay in Paraguay's favor. When informed of his running mate, he allegedly quipped, "Who is Wheeler?" This man's wife established the Easter egg roll on the White House lawn and was known as "Lemonade Lucy" for her refusal to serve alcohol at White House Parties. He was known as (*) "His Fraudulency" after a party-line vote of an Electoral Commission gave him a victory over Samuel Tilden. For 10 points, name this nineteenth President of the United States who ended Reconstruction. ANSWER: Rutherford Birchard Hayes

BONUS: Hayes hailed from what state, along with four other presidents during the latter half of the 19th century? ANSWER: Ohio 003-11-31-10105 6. One major city of this civilization won the Battle of the Cremera but was taken over by another civilization in the fourth century BCE. That city was named Veii. They captured Corsica in the Battle of Alalia, but lost to Syracuse and Cumae in the Battle of Cumae. According to its mythology, its namesake league was founded by Tarchon and (*) Tyrrhenus. One ruler of this civilization, who led the city of Clusium, was Lars Porsena. The Kings of Rome came from this civilization prior to the overthrow of Tarquin the Proud in 509 BCE. For 10 points, name this ancient Italian civilization. ANSWER: Etruscans

BONUS: The Etruscans displaced what civilization who share their name with a Pennsylvania University? ANSWER: Villanovans 024-11-31-10106

National History Bowl 11 Round 10 Page 4 of 10 © 2011 HSAPQ. Questions may be distributed to teams in attendance at this tournament only, in paper form only. 7. This thinker said that his friend Achille Murat had "consistent atheism." This man criticized a sermon he heard as a child on the last judgement in an essay about adjustment in the universe called "Compensation". He discussed such figures as Goethe, Shakespeare, and Swedenborg in Representative Man. This author of "Nature" believed in an all permeating presence in all living things called the (*) oversoul. This man coined the phrase "A foolish consistency is the hobgoblin of little minds." He gave a speech to the Phi Beta Kappa Society at Cambridge on the title type of intellectual referred to as "The American Scholar." For 10 points, name this American transcendentalist author of Self-Reliance. ANSWER: Ralph Waldo Emerson

BONUS: Another quote by Emerson claimed that he who would be a man must be a what? ANSWER: a non-conformist 001-11-31-10107 8. The first movement of this symphony quotes from the opera The Merry Widow. The second movement, titled “Memories,” features a variation from a solo oboe interrupting the violins. Its fourth movement finale sees a violin melody overtaken by a violent woodwind crescendo in C major. Music from the composer’s opera (*) Lady Macbeth of the Mtensk District is heard in this work, whose first movement features a twenty-two bar ostinato called the “invasion theme.” For 10 points, name this symphony that commemorates the 1941 Nazi siege of a Russian city, the seventh symphony of Dmitri Shostakovich. ANSWER: Leningrad Symphony [accept Shostakovich’s Symphony No. 7 in C major before “seventh” is read]

BONUS: Which Russian cellist who died in 2007, had studied under Shostakovich and was a staunch human rights advocate during the Cold War? ANSWER: Mstislav Rostropovich 079-11-31-10108

National History Bowl 11 Round 10 Page 5 of 10 © 2011 HSAPQ. Questions may be distributed to teams in attendance at this tournament only, in paper form only. National History Bowl 11 Round 10 Third Quarter -1. WRITE MORE QUESTIONS, Particularly a - Tossup 00--20-1010-1

National History Bowl 11 Round 10 Page 6 of 10 © 2011 HSAPQ. Questions may be distributed to teams in attendance at this tournament only, in paper form only. -1. WRITE MORE QUESTIONS, Particularly a - Tossup 00--20-1010-1

National History Bowl 11 Round 10 Page 7 of 10 © 2011 HSAPQ. Questions may be distributed to teams in attendance at this tournament only, in paper form only. CONSTANTINE THE GREAT Identify the following about Constantine the Great. A. The religion to which he converted. ANSWER: Christianity B. The 313 letter that granted religious tolerance in the Roman empire. ANSWER: Edict of Milan C. The meeting, called by Constantine, that addressed Arianism, set the date of Easter, and has a creed named for it. ANSWER: First Council of Nicaea [prompt on Nicaea] D. The group that protected Roman emperors, which he dissolved after defeating the rebellious Maxentius. ANSWER: Praetorian Guard E. The son he had executed in 326. ANSWER: Crispus F. The site of his final victory over Maxentius. ANSWER: Battle of the Milvian Bridge G. His nephew, who criticized his treatment of Christians and later converted to paganism. ANSWER: Julian the Apostate H. The author who wrote about Constantine in his Historia Ecclesiastica. ANSWER: Eusebius of Caesarea 088-11-31-1010-1

National History Bowl 11 Round 10 Page 8 of 10 © 2011 HSAPQ. Questions may be distributed to teams in attendance at this tournament only, in paper form only. National History Bowl 11 Round 10 Fourth Quarter 1. In a cartoon in Puck magazine, this company was drawn as a large snake being fought by an infant Teddy Roosevelt. This company was attacked by a work of (+) Ida Tarbell's that detailed its history and in Henry Demarest Lloyd's Wealth Against Commonwealth; in 1872, this business bought out 22 competitors in the "Cleveland Massacre." After the Supreme Court found it violated the (*) Sherman Antitrust Act, it was divided into 34 companies, including the predecessors of what would eventually be Mobil and Exxon. For 10 points, name this American business, founded by the robber baron John D. Rockefeller. ANSWER: Standard Oil 088-11-31-10101 2. One participant in this event asserted that he had ready four bullets, one for each of his collaborators and one for himself, if this event did not end successfully. That participant in this event informed his audience that (+) six hundred armed men surrounded their location, but lied that the police station was also occupied by conspirators. After the failure of this event, Erich Ludendorf, was not sentenced to prison, though one man who was became convinced of the necessity of gaining power through legal rather than violent means and used his time in jail to write (*) Mein Kampf. For 10 points, identify this failed 1923 coup led in part by Adolf Hitler. ANSWER: Beer Hall Putsch or Munich Putsch 081-11-31-10102 3. The Alma Massacre was perpetrated by a member of this tribe named Victorio, and sub-divisions of these people include the Jicarilla and the Mescalero. After the arrest of Nochaydelklinne, some of these peoples clashed with federal troops in the Battle of Cibecue Creek. The California (+) Column engaged these peoples at a namesake pass in 1862. One leader of these people, sometimes known as Goyathlay, was able to elude capture by George F. Crook but was finally compelled to surrender at Skeleton Canyon to (*) Nelson A. Miles. Other leaders of these people include Magnas Coloradas and a man who now lends his name to a southeastern county in Arizona named Cochise. For 10 points, name this tribe that men like Geronimo belonged to. ANSWER: Apache 094-11-31-10103 4. Some 37 delegates were killed in Mechanics Hall in this city while drafting a new constitution. This city hosted the unsuccessful World Cotton Centennial in 1884. During the Civil War, the so-called “Women’s Order” issued in this city made it a crime to insult (+) Union soldiers, although that order eventually led to the removal of Benjamin Butler as its military commander. This city fell to Union forces under the command of David Farragut in the Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip. French representatives (*) relinquished control of this city from its Cabildo statehouse following a massive land transfer to the US in 1803. For 10 points, name this site of a battle where General Packenham’s soldiers were defeated by those under Andrew Jackson after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent ending the War of 1812. ANSWER: New Orleans 094-11-31-10104

National History Bowl 11 Round 10 Page 9 of 10 © 2011 HSAPQ. Questions may be distributed to teams in attendance at this tournament only, in paper form only. 5. One of these objects was made by replacing the vice-president with wheat plants and placing the subject in a white shirt and straw hat. A reporter spent sixteen years in jail after throwing eggshells full of red paint at another one of these. In a John Adams opera, a person (+) steps out of one of these objects to dance with his widow. According to a 1968 song, people who carry these things "ain't going to make it with anyone anyhow." One of them appears on the 100-yuan bill, and many of them were retouched by Chen Shilin. These depictions often were carried on placards during the Cultural Revolution, and a large one overlooks (*) Tiananmen Square. For 10 points, identify these representations of the longtime “chairman” of China’s Communist Party. ANSWER: portraits of Mao Zedong [accept any word indicating a pictorial representation in place of “portrait,” such as pictures, placards, photos, paintings, etc] 019-11-31-10105 6. One participant in this event spent years afterward washing dishes at Toynbee Hall. Another of the principals in this event was photographed naked on a wooden chair by Lewis Morley and was introduced to this event's namesake by the doctor (+) Charles Ward. The central man in this event was married to actress Valerie Hobson, and was accused of exposing state secrets to Yevgeny Ivanov, a diplomat with the Soviet military, through an affair with (*) Christine Keeler. Harold MacMillan’s Conservative government was brought down by, for 10 points, what 1963 sex scandal? ANSWER: the John Profumo affair 019-11-31-10106 7. One member of this family agreed to the Peace of Polyanov with Michael Romanov in which that member of this family, Wladylaw IV, agreed to pay 200,000 rubles in exchange for renunciation to claims of the Russian throne. Another member of this dynasty invaded Russia during the (+) Time of Troubles and held Moscow for two years. In addition to Sigismund III, a member of this family in a different country, Eric XIV instigated the Seven Years' War of the North. A queen of this dynasty patronized artists such as Alessandro Scarlatti and Giovanni Bernini, and another member of this dynasty began the Reformation in (*) Sweden. For 10 points, Christina and Gustav I were members of what Swedish and Polish ruling family. ANSWER: House of Vasa 030-11-31-10107 8. One man with this name authored the laws for the construction of the Interstate Highway System and, along with Estes Kefauver, was one of two Southern U.S. Senators who did not sign the segregationist Southern Manifesto. That man with this name called the Vietnam War "an American nightmare come true." Another man with this name became a senator after replacing the retired (+) Howard Baker. He debated with Ross Perot on Larry King Live in 1993 about NAFTA, and this man's strong performance in that debate swayed public opinion in favor of NAFTA. That man with this name later lost the (*) 2000 presidential election despite winning the popular vote. For 10 points, name this father-son pair, the younger of whom served as vice-president under Bill Clinton. ANSWER: Albert Gore 030-11-31-10108