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An Introduction Into the World of Linux

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An Introduction Into the World of Linux An introduction into the world of Linux Jannusch Bigge Januar 2021 What is Linux? Which Linux distribution suits me best? Installation Linux Basics Questions (and hopefully answers) 2 What is Linux? Linux is a kernel. 3 What is a Kernel? The kernel is a program that constitutes the central core of a computer operating system. It has complete control over everything that occurs in the system.1 1Kernel Definition, http://www.linfo.org/kernel.html, visited: 22.01.2021 4 What is a Kernel? Figure 1: OS with their kernel 5 Why should I use Linux? • Privacy • Open Source • Easier to use 6 Which Linux distribution suits me best? What is a package manager? A package manager is a tool that allows users to in- stall, remove, upgrade, configure and manage software packages on an operating system2 2Linux Jargon Buster: What is a Package Manager in Linux? How Does it Work?; It’sfoss; https://itsfoss.com/package-manager/; visited: 22.01.2021 7 What types of release cycles exist Different times when updates are published: • Long Term Support (LTS) • Short Term Supported (STS) • Rolling release 8 What types of release cycles exist Different times when updates are published: • Long Term Support (LTS) • support for five years • (only) bug and security fixes • published every two years in April • well tested and ultimate stability • Short Term Supported (STS) • Rolling release 9 What types of release cycles exist Different times when updates are published: • Long Term Support (LTS) • Short Term Supported (STS) • support for 9 months • feature release • good tested and stable • Rolling release 10 What types of release cycles exist Different times when updates are published: • Long Term Support (LTS) • Half-yearly publication cycle (STS) • Rolling release • feature release every time, a package is updated • carefully when updating 11 Long Term Support and Short Term Support • Linux Mint • only LTS • newest version 20.1 • ubuntu focal as base system • Debian • kind of LTS and STS • newest version 10.7.0 ”buster” • LTS not supported by Debian • Ubuntu • v20.04 (LTS) and v20.10 (STS) • new version in April and October 12 The Meme OS • Arch Linux • Version 2021.01.01 • Kernel Version 5.10.3 • Rolling Release • official Repositories and User Repository (AUR) • Manjaro • basically Arch • graphical installer • a lot of preinstalled software 13 ...and many more 14 Figure 2: ...and many more 15 ...and many more 16 ...and many more 17 ...and many more 18 ...and many more 19 ...and many more 20 ...and many more Avoid distro hopping! 21 Which Linux distribution suits me best? Now you have the most important information. 22 Which Linux distribution suits me best? Now you have the most important information. But wait, I haven’t seen one yet... 23 Please download now your distro Desktop Manager • Gnome • KDE Plasma • XFCE • i3 24 Gnome 25 KDE Plasma 26 KDE Plasma 27 XFCE 28 XFCE 29 i3 30 Installation Make USB stick with ISO 1. install Balena Etcher 2. insert USB stick 3. select USB device 4. select downloaded ISO 5. press multiple times Enter :) 31 Installation Restart your computer and enter the BIOS menu 32 Secure Boot Disable Secure Boot in BIOS 33 Select boot device Select the USB stick as boot device often this is done automatically 34 The main installation Choose which distro you want me to show you https://invote.tu-dresden.de/34269 35 Linux Basics Shell and terminal • Shell • Bash (default) • Fish (friendly interactive shell) • ZSH • Terminal • xterm • Terminator • Kitty 36 Package manager Always run as root or privileged user: • Ubuntu or Debian: • $(sudo) apt install <package> • $(sudo) snap install <package> • Fedora: $(sudo) dfn -y <package> • Arch: $(sudo) pacman -S <package> 37 Secure Shell aka SSH Used to connect secure to a different machine. • install openssh-client • generate new ssh key • $ssh-keygen • follow the instructions on your screen • usage: ssh <user>@<server-address> 38 Other useful stuff • git • editor • Visual Studio Code (code) • Atom (atom) • (Neo)vim (vim) • Pycharm (pycharm-community) (pycharm-profession) • python 3 (python3) 39 I need help There are plenty of wikis in the web • Ubuntu • Debian • Arch and a lot of other useful sites • It’s Foss • linuxize 40 Questions (and hopefully answers).
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