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Anisolpidium Saprobium and Rhizidiomyces Hirsutus, New Records of Hyphochytriomycetes (Hyphochytriales) in Taiwan

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Anisolpidium Saprobium and Rhizidiomyces Hirsutus, New Records of Hyphochytriomycetes (Hyphochytriales) in Taiwan Fung. Sci. 22(3, 4): 79–83, 2007 Anisolpidium saprobium and Rhizidiomyces hirsutus, new records of Hyphochytriomycetes (Hyphochytriales) in Taiwan Shu-Fen Chen Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan (Accepted: December 17, 2007) ABSTRACT Anisolpidium saprobium Karling and Rhizidiomyces hirsutus Karling are species of Hyphochytriales. These are first time reported from Taiwan. Keywords: Anisolpidium, Hyphochytriomycetes (Hyphochytriales), Rhizidiomyces. Introduction Materiales and Methods Hyphochytriomycetes (Hyphochytriales) is a Samples of water and soil were baited with group chytrid-like organisms with anteriorly pine pollen. Emerson’s 1/4YpSs agar (contain- uniflagellate zoospores and contains only about ing antibiotics) was used to isolate and culture 23 known species. Fuller (1990) included them the organisms (Chen and Chien, 1998). Pure in the class Hyphochytriomycetes, phylum Hy- cultures were maintained in 1/4YpSs slush in phochytriomycota. According to Berbee and screw-cap tube and transfered each three Taylor (1999) the Hyphochytriomycota, Laby- months. All pure cultures were deposited at the rinthulomycota and Oomycota belong to the mycological laboratory in Chia Nan University Kingdom Stramenopila. Hyphochytriomycota, of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan. consisting of a single order Hyphochytriales Developmental stages and morphological which have been classified into three families, characters were examined using the light mi- namely Anisolpidiaceae, Rhizidiomycetaceae croscope and scanning electron microcope and Hyphochytriaceae on the basis of thallus (ABT DS-130S). structure and development (Karling, 1943, 1967; Fuller, 1990; Alexopoulos et al, 1996). Taxonomy The purpose of this paper is to describe and il- lustrate Anisolpidium saprobium and Rhizidio- Anisolpidium saprobium Karling, J. of myces hirsutus as two species newly recorded Mitchell Society, 84: 166–178, 1968. (Fig.1) in Taiwan. On pine pollen: Sporangium holocarpic, en- 80 Fung. Sci. 22(3, 4), 2007 dobiotic, spherical, 25–32 µm in diam, with a length, the tube begins to enlarge at its tip as the long discharge tube extending out pollen. protoplasm move into it. Zoospores delimited In 1/4YpSs slush: Sporangium spherical, within or outside of sporangium. Zoospores 17.5–30 µm in diam, sometimes with absorbing fusiform or elongate, 2.5–4 × 5–7.5 µm, with tubes. Protoplasm oozing from an exit pore, 5– anteriorly uniflugellum. 10 µm in diam, or exit tube, 25–60 µm in On 1/4YpSs agar: Color of colony white. Fig. 1. Anisolpidium saprobium. A–E: in 1/4YpSs slush. F & G: on 1/4YpSs agar, scanning electron microscopy. A. Incipi- ent holocarpic thalli. B. Some sporangium with absorbing tube. C. Three exit tubes enlarge at tip. D. Sporangium with one exit canal and some absorbing tubes. E. An empty sporangium (left), zoospores delimiting within and outside the other spo- rangium. F. Three holocarpic thalli. G. One sporangium with exit tube; and an escaping zoospore (arrow) on nearly sporan- gium. Bars = 10 µm for A–E, 2.0 µm for F, and 3.33 µm for G. New records of Hyphochytriomycetes in Taiwan 81 Specimen examined. Yulin: farm soil, 22 nus. However, all other known species are para- Jul. 1992, CSF S02a; Tainan: Paiho, pond wa- sited of algae (Karling, 1943). The place of ter, 11 Jul. 1998, CHNA 3801a. Isolated on pine zoospores cleavage in this species is varied pollen from soil and water. markedly (Fig. 1E). Notes. Our isolates include soil-inhabiting and aquatic strains. Anisolpidium saprobium is Rhizidiomyces hirsutus Karling, Bull. Torrey the first known saprophytic species of the ge- Bot. Club, 72: 47, 1945. (Fig. 2) Fig. 2. Rhizidiomyces hirsutus. In 1/4YpSs slush. A. Young thalli with several rhizoids around the sporangium. B. Sporan- gium with several rhizoids and hair-like setae. C. Sporangium with a long exit canal. D. Sporangium with one simple rhi- zoid and two long hairs. E. Tubular, branched thalli. Bars = 10 µm. 82 Fung. Sci. 22(3, 4), 2007 In 1/4YpSs slush: Sporangium spherical, 40– References 128 µm in diam, one to several short, tubular rhizoidal main axis arising from the peripheral Alexopoulos, C.J., C.W. Mims, and M. Black- of sporangium. On surface of mature sporan- well. 1996. Introductory Mycology, 4th ed., gium wall with 2–18 or more hair-like setae, up John Wiley and Sons, Inc. to 450 µm in length. Zoospore spherical or Berbee M.L. and J.W. Taylor. 1999. Fungal elongate, 3–4 × 6–8 µm, with an anteriorly fla- pgylogeny. Pp. 21–77. In: Molecular Fungal gellum. Biology. Eds., R.P. Oliver and M. Schweizer. On 1/4YpSs agar: Color of colony white. Cambridge University Press. Specimens examined. Tainan: Kwantien, Chen, S.F. and C.Y. Chien. 1998. Some chytrids water-caltrop pond, 14 Jun. 1998, CHNA 3701f. of Taiwan (II). Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 39: 47– Yilan: Tung-Shan River, water, 28 Sep. 2000, 56. CHNA 5001a; Fushan Botanical Garden, stream Fuller, M.S. 1990. Phylum Hyphochytriomy- water, 29 Sep. 2000, CHNA 5201a. Isolated on cota. Pp. 380–287. In: Handbook of Protoc- pine pollen from all water samples. tista. Eds., L. Margulis, J.O. Corliss, M. Notes. Monocentric, eucarpic, sporangium is Melkonian, and D.J. Chapman. John and the characterics of Rhizidiomycetaceae (Kar- Bartlett, Boston, MA. ling, 1977). Some thalli develope into elongate, Karling, J.S. 1943. The life history of Anisol- simple or branched tubular structures. Many pidium ectocarpii gen. nov. et sp. nov., and a variations of thallus structure occurs in axenic synopsis and classification of other fungi culture, it is the same as Karling’s described with anteriorly uniflagellate zoospores. (1968). Mature sporangial wall with several Amer. J. Bot. 30: 637–648. elongate hairs-like setae is the main character of Karling, J.S. 1967. Some zoosporic fungi of this species (Fig. 2B). New Zealand. IX. Hyphochytriales or Ani- sochytridiales. Sydowia 20: 137–143. Acknowledgements Karling, J.S. 1968. Zoosporic fungi of Oceania I. J. of Mitchell Soc. 84: 166–178. This study was partly supported by the Coun- Karling, J.S. 1977. Chytridiomycetarum cil of Agriculture, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C., grant Iconorgraphia. Luberecht I Cramer. Monti- number 89-AST-1.5-FOD-05(5-9-2). cello, New York, 414 pp. New records of Hyphochytriomycetes in Taiwan 83 臺灣產腐生異壺菌及粗毛根前毛菌二種新紀錄 陳 淑 芬 嘉南藥理科技大學保健營養系，臺南縣仁德鄉二仁路一段 60 號，臺灣 摘 要 本文描述二種具有前生單鞭毛游孢子的絲壺菌，分別是：腐生異壺菌 (Anisolpidium saprobium Karling) 及粗毛根前毛菌 (Rhizidiomyces hirsutus Karling)，均為臺灣新記錄。 關鍵詞：根前毛菌屬、異壺菌屬、絲壺菌綱 (絲壺菌目)。 84 Fung. Sci. 22(3, 4), 2007 .
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