Vitamin D Deficiency Closely Related to Race/Ethnicity

CDC’s Second Nutrition Report Vitamin D deficiency closely related to race/ethnicity Background Vitamin D is found naturally in only a few foods such as fish-liver oils, fatty fishes, mushrooms, egg yolks, and liver. In the United States, vitamin D commonly is added to milk and other foods. Vitamin D is essential for good bone health, and it may help with muscle strength and protecting against cancer and type 2 diabetes. Ultraviolet light from the sun helps people form vitamin D in the skin. It is transported to the liver and converted to 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Doctors use this form of vitamin D to determine whether a person has enough vitamin D because it is a good reflection of the vitamin D that people receive from food and exposure to sunlight. Intake recommendations Dietary Guidelines for Americans indicate vitamin D is a nutrient of concern in American diets, advising that people choose foods that provide more vitamin D. Percent of vitamin D deficiency by race/ethnicity Other report findings • Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels generally decreased as age increased. • Males and females had similar 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. • Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels decreased by about 10% from NHANES 1988–1994 to more recent surveys conducted between 2001 and 2006. SOURCE: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006 The report found the highest rates of vitamin D deficiency in non-Hispanic blacks despite clinical data showing greater bone density and fewer fractures in this group compared to other race/ethnic groups. Further research is needed on this topic. The Second Nutrition Report (www.cdc.gov/nutritionreport) provides: • Rates of nutrient deficiencies • Reference information for physicians and scientists to detect high or low nutrient levels in people • A look at nutrient levels over time to detect trends of health significance • The nutrition status of specific populations for nutrient deficiencies Additional information about vitamin D is available online at http://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/basics/vitamins/index.html National Center for Environmental Health Division of Laboratory Sciences CS2229899-B-3 April 2012.

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Recent Insights Into the Role of Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D Upon Cardiovascular Mortality: a Systematic Review
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