Surface Water Supply of the United States 1917 Part Iv
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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FRANKLIN K. LANE, Secretary UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director Water-Supply Paper 454 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE UNITED STATES 1917 PART IV. ST. LAWRENCE RIVEK BASIN NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer W. G. HOYT, A. H. HORTON, C. C. COVERT, and C. H. PIERCE, District Engineers Prepared in cooperation with the STATES OF MINNESOTA, WISCONSIN, NEW YORK, AND VERMONT WASHINGTON GOVEBNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1919 CONTENTS. Page. Authorization and scope of work........................................... 5 Definition of terms......................................................... 6 Explanation of data........................................................ 7 Accuracy of field data and computed results................................ 8 Cooperation.............................................................. 9 Division of work.......................................................... " 10 Gaging-station records...................................................... 11 Streams tributary to Lake Superior...................................... 11 Poplar River at Lutsen, Minn...................................... 11 Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn.......................... 12 Cloquet River at Independence, Minn.............................. 15 Brule River near Brule, Wis........................................ 17 Bad River near Odanah, Wis....................................... 18 Streams tributary to Lake Michigan.................................... 21 Menominee River below Koss, Mich................................. 21 Pine River near Florence, Wis...................................... 22 Pike River at Amberg, Wis......................................... 25 Peshtigo River at High Falls, near Crivitz, Wis...................... 26 Oconto River near Gillett, Wis...................................... 29 Fox River at Rapide Croche dam, near Wrightstown, Wis........... 30 Wplf River at Keshena, Wis....................................... 37 Wolf River at New London, Wis................................... 39 West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, Wis........................... 41 Little Wolf River at Royalton, Wis.................................. 42 Waupaca River near Weyauwega, Wis............................... 44 Sheboygan River near Sheboygan, Wis.............................. 46 Milwaukee River near Milwaukee, Wis.............................. 48 Little Calumet River at Harvey, 111................................. 50 Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich................................ 52 Streams tributary to Lake Huron....................................... 53 Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich............................. 53 Streams tributary to Lake Erie......................................... 55 Huron River at Barton, Mich...................................... 55 Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich.................................... 56 Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y............................... 57 Streams tributary to Lake Ontario...................................... 59 Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y............................ 59 Genesee River at Scio, N. Y........................................ 61 Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y................................. 63 Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y............ 65 Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y.................................. 67 Canaseraga Creek near Dansville, N. Y.............................. 69 Canaseraga Creek at Groveland Station, N. Y....................... 71 Canaseraga Creek at Shakers Crossing, N. Y......................... 72, 3, 4 CONTENTS. Gaging-station records Continued. Streams tributary to Lake Ontario Continued. Page, Keshequa Creek near Sonyea, N. Y. ............................... 74 Canadice Lake outlet near Hemlock, N. Y.......................... 75 .Owasco Lake outlet near Auburn, N. Y.............................. 76 West Branch of Onondaga Creek at South Onondaga, N. Y........... 78 Black River near Boonville, N. Y................................... 79 Black River at Black River, N. Y................................. 81 Forestport Feeder near Boonville, N. Y............................ 83 Black River canal (flowing south) near Boonville, N. Y ............. 84 Moose River at Moose River, N. Y................................. 86 Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y.................. 88 Beaver River at State dam near Beaver River, N. Y................ 90 Streams tributary to St. Lawrence River................................ 91 East Branch of Oswegatchie River at Newton Falls, N. Y............ 91 Oswegatchie River near Heuvelton, N. Y............................ 93 West Branch of Oswegatchie River near Harrisville, N. Y............ 95 Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y................................. 97 St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y............................ 99 Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery, Rouses Point, N. Y........... 100 Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y. .............................. 101 Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y.............................. 104 West Branch of Ausable River near Newman, N. Y. ................ 106 Lake George at Rogers Rock, N. Y.................................. 107 Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt.................................. 107 Otter Creek at Middlebury, Vt..................................... 109 Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.................................. Ill Dog River at Northfield, Vt....................................... 113 Lamoille River at Cadys Falls, Vt................................... 115 Green River at Garfield, Vt......................................... 117 Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt................................... 119 Clyde River at West Derby, Vt..................................... 121 Index.................................................................... 123 Appendix, Gaging stations and publications relating to water resources....... I ILLUSTRATIONS. Page. PLATE I. A, Price current meters; B, Typical gaging station................. 8 II. Water-stage recorders: A, Stevens; B, Gurley printing; C, Friez..... 9 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF ST. LAWRENCE RIYER BASH, 1917. AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OF WORK. This volume is one of a series of 14 reports presenting results of measurements of flow made on streams in the United States during the year ending September 30, 1917. The data presented in these reports were collected by the United States Geological Survey under the following authority contained in the organic law (20 Stat. L.? p. 394): Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the Geological Survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological struc ture, mineral resources, and products of the national domain. The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies relating to irrigation in the arid West. Since the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895, successive sundry-civil bills passed by Congress have carried the following item and appropriations: For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and ior the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the prepara tion of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources. Annual appropriations for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1895-1917. 1895............................................................. $12,500 1896............................................................. 20,000 1897 to 1900,inclusive........................................... 50,000 1901 to 1902,inclusive........................................... 100,000 1903 to 1906,inclusive........................................... 200,000 1907............................................................. 150,000 1908 to 1910,inclusive........................................... 100,000 1911 to 1917, inclusive........................................... 150,000 In the execution of the work many private and State organizations have cooperated'either by furnishing data or by assisting in collecting data. Acknowledgements for cooperation of the first kind are made in connection with the description of each station affected; coopera tion of the second kind is acknowledged on page 9. Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 4,240 points in the United States and also at many points in Alaska and the Hawaiian Islands. In July, 1917, 1,180 gaging stations were being maintained by the Survey and the cooperating organizations. Many miscellaneous discharge measurements are made at other points. In connection with this work data were also collected in regard to - 5 6 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1017, PART IV. precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and water power in many sections of the country and will be made avail able in water-supply papers from time to time. Information in regard to publications relating to water resources is presented in the appendix to this report.' DEFINITION OF TERMS. The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "dis charge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided into two groups (1) those that represent a rate of flow, as second- feet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and discharge in second-feet per square mile, and (2) those that represent the actual quantity of water, as run-off in depth in inches, acre-feet, and millions of cubic feet. The principal terms used in