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Q.1. (A) Choose the Correct Option and Rewrite the Complete Answers : (I) Friedrich Max Muller Translated the Sanskrit Text of Hitopadesh

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Q.1. (A) Choose the Correct Option and Rewrite the Complete Answers : (I) Friedrich Max Muller Translated the Sanskrit Text of Hitopadesh MT Seat No. 2018 .... .... 1100 MT - SOCIAL SCIENCE (73) History & Political Science - Semi Prelim II - PAPER VI (E) MODEL ANSWER Paper Q.1. (A) Choose the correct option and rewrite the complete answers : (i) Friedrich Max Muller translated the Sanskrit text of Hitopadesh. 1 (ii) Michel Foucault argued that arranging historical events in a 1 chronological order is not right. (iii) Tajul - Ma' asir is a book written by Hasan Nizami. 1 (iv) Trymbak Shankar Shejwalkar wrote regularly on historiography in his 1 journal Pragati. Q.1. (B) Find the incorrect pair in every set and write the correct one. (i) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Railway Terminus - Delhi 1 Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Railway Terminus is located in Mumbai. (ii) William Wilson Hunter - Rajasthan's History 1 Rajasthan's History was authored by Colonel Todd which showed a tendency to condemn India's history and culture. (iii) Ramman - Dance form in West Bengal 1 Ramman is the religious festival and ritual theatre of the Garhwal Himalayas. (iv) Prabhakar - Acharya P. K. Atre 1 Prabhakar newspaper was started by Bhau Mahajan. Q.2. (A) Complete the following concept maps. (Any Two) (i) 2 Examples of Hemadpanti temples Ambreshwar Gondeshwar Aundh Nagnath Ambarnath Sinnar Hingoli 2/MT PAPER - VI (ii) Nine moods or Rasas of Indian 2 Performing Arts Shringar Beebhatsa Rudra Veer Bhayanak Shant (Love) (Repulsion) (Terrible) (Heroic) (Fearful) (Peaceful) Hasya Karuna Adbhut (Humour) (Sad) (Wondrous) 2 (iii) Feminist Historians Tarabai Shinde Pandita Ramabai Meera Kosambi Dr. Sharmila Rege Books Books Books Books Stripurush The High Caste Crossing Thresholds: Writing caste, Tulna Hindu Women Feminist Essays in Writing Gender, (1882) Social History Reading Dalit (1888) Women's Testimonies Q.2. (B) Write the short notes. (Any Two) (i) National Film Archives of India- 2 It is located in Pune, Maharashtra. It was established in 1964 as the Media Unit of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting of the Indian government. It served three objectives: (i) To search and obtain rare Indian films and to preserve the heritage for the benefit of future generations. (ii) To categorize the important aspects of films, to create documentation and catalogues and carry out research in the field. (iii)To establish a centre of films culture. (ii) (i) The temple in Maharashtra built in 12th-13th centuries are known 2 as Hemadpanti temples. (ii) The outer wall of Hemadpanti temples are built in a star shape. In the star-shaped plan, the outer walls of the temple has a zig-zag design. This results into an interesting effect of alternating light and shadow. (iii) The important characteristics of Hemadpanti temple is its masonry. The walls are built without using any mortar, by locking the stones by using the technique of tenon and mortise joints. (iv) The Ambreshwar Temple at Ambarnath near Mumbai, Gondeshwar temple at Sinnar near Nashik, Aundha Nagnath temple in the Hingoli district are a few finest examples of the Hemadpanti style. 3/MT PAPER - VI (iii) (i) The writings of Indian historians who were trained in the British 2 educational system show an inclination to restore the pride in the ancient glory of India and self esteem of Indian readers. Their writings are known as Nationalistic Historiography (ii) In Maharashtra nationalistic writings were inspired by Vishnushastri Chiplunkar. (iii) He criticized the prejudiced history of ancient India written by British officers. (iv) The nationalistic historians tried to seek the golden era of Indian history (v) Mahadev Govind Ranade, Ramkrishna Gopal Bhandarkar, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Rajendra lal Mishra, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, Kashi Prasad Jayswal, Radha Kumud Mukherjee, Bhagwan lal Indraji, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi and Anant Sadashiv Altekar are some of the renowned scholars among the national historians. Q.3. (A) Explain the statements with reasons. (Any Two) (i) (i) Voltaire opined that along with objective truth and chronology of 3 historical events considering trade, economy, etc. was also equally important for writing history. (ii) It gave rise to the thought that understanding all aspects of human life is important for history writing. (iii) Thus Voltaire is called the founder of modern historiography. (ii) Print technology and newspapers were introduced in India after British 3 arrived. It became the first mass media of circulating information and knowledge. The role of newspapers in Indian struggle for independence can be explained through following inferences: (i) The first Marathi newspaper ‘Darpan’ published news regarding the accounts of expenditure from the administrative divisions of East India Company and achievements of Raja Ram Mohan Roy in England. Such information led to nationalistic awarness necessary for struggle of independence. (ii) Besides printing map-illustrations of Asia and Europe in 1842 and 1851 respectively, the newspaper - Dyanoday also published the news of installation of telegraph and starting of railways. This proved important in planning national movement for independence. It also printed the news of Indian War of Independence 1857. (iii) Other newspapers like ‘Kesari’ and ‘Maratha’ spoke about social and political issues of the preindependence period. Kesari began to publish articles about the nationwide situations, books in native languages and politics in England. Thus, the newspaper accelerated the struggle for independence. 4/MT PAPER - VI (iii) (i) Any information received through mass media needs to be reviewed 3 critically. (ii) The news or information in the media may not always represent exact truth. (iii) We need to scan it very carefully. (iv) There is a very famous event of inauthentic information appearing in print in Germany, `Stern’, a German weekly magazine had purchased a number of so called handwritten diaries of Adolf Hitler. (v) It sold them to various publication companies. (vi) The diaries were verified for their authenticity and subsequently the news appeared in the print. (vii) However, later those diaries were proved to be forged1. (viii)It becomes apparent from this example that we need to be very careful about the information published by the media. (iv) (i) 'Bakhar' is an important type of historical documents of 3 medieval times. It contains eulogies 2 of the heroes and stories of historic events, battles, lives of great men. (ii) Marathi bakhars are of various types. Sabhasad Bakhar was written by Krishnaji Anant Sabhasad during the reign of Chhatrapati Rajaram Maharaj.It is an important bakhar for getting information about the rule of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj. (iii) Bhausahebanchi Bakhar describes the Battle of Panipat. Another Bakhar, entitled Panipatachi Bakhar, is also about the same event. Holkaranchi Bakhar provides information about the Holkars and their contributions to the Maratha rule. (iv) Bakhars can be divided into various types such as biographies of kings, dynastic1 history, descriptions of events, history of a sect, autobiographies, regarding grievances, based on mythologies and state administration by a king. (v) (i) Many European scholars felt curious about civilization and countries 3 of the east. (ii) Some of these were scholars who felt admiration and respect for them, were known as Orientalalists'. (iii) The Orientalists studied similarities between Sanskrit and some of the European languages.They focused more on vedic tradition and Sanskrit literature. (iv) In 1784, Sir William Jones founded Asiatic Society of Kolkata, which opened doors for researching ancient Indian literature and history. (v) According to another Orientalist, Friedrich Max Muller, Sanskrit was the most ancient of all Indo- European languages. (vi) Friedrich Max Muller translated the Sanskrit text of Hitopadesh and also edited 50 volumes of "The Sacred Books of the East". (vii)Friedrich Max Muller compiled Rigveda and also t ranslated it in German. 5/MT PAPER - VI Q.3. (B) Answer in brief. (Any Two) (i) (i) People have lot of misgivings about the practicality of the knowledge 3 of history. (ii) For example, history is usually thought as a field of interest only for historians and students wishing to pursue higher studies in the subject and not pertaining to practical life, history as a field of knowledge does not have any applicability to economically productive fields, etc. (iii) 'Public History' helps to overcome such misgivings and makes history meaningful in everyday life connecting people to history. (iv) There are many universities abroad, where various courses in 'Public History' are offered. (v) Srushti Institute of Art Design and Technology is an institute at Bengaluru, Karnataka. This institute has an independent department, named,'Centre for Public History.' (vi) This department has taken up various projects and research in the field of public history. (ii) (i) Mass media is a field of mass communication to send multitude of 3 information with an intent to educate and entertain. (ii) Be it newspapers, social media, journals and periodicals, web channels or satellite television, transmission of information help us update ourselves with all political, social and cultural events. (iii) Better insights can be developed when background of an event is explained in comparison with similar events which took place in the past. (iv) A review of history is presented through special issues of newspaper to commemorate the economic, social and political significance of a particular event. (v) Mass media also gives momentum to awareness of political rights and duties of the citizens raising their sense of responsibility and pride in the nation. Thus mass media is instrumental in strengthening democracy as readers can also voice their grievances. (vi) Television as an audio-visual medium transcends1 the inherent limitations of newspapers and radio and show actual visuals of an event to the people. Thus we need mass media to facilitate free flow of information to all strata of the society. (iii) (i) The restructuring of history from the prespective of women is called 3 as feminist historiography. (ii) Feminist historiography emphasized not only on the inclusion of women in history but also on rethinking of the male-dominated perspective of history.
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