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The Genus Hybocodon (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with a Revision of the Species Recorded from the Area

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The Genus Hybocodon (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with a Revision of the Species Recorded from the Area Zootaxa 3523: 39–48 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press Article ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2FBB3DE3-5868-400C-A4BA-73D3365400FC The genus Hybocodon (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, with a revision of the species recorded from the area CAROLINA S. RODRIGUEZ1,2,3, THAÍS P. MIRANDA4, ANTONIO C. MARQUES4, HERMES MIANZAN2,3,5 & GABRIEL GENZANO1,2,3 1 Estación Costera Nágera, FCEyN – UNMdP, Funes 3350, (7600) Mar del Plata, Argentina, email: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) 3 Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), CONICET - UNMdP, Funes 3250, (7600) Mar del Plata, Argentina 4 Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão Trav. 14, 101, 05508-090, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, email: [email protected]; [email protected] 5 Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), PO Box 175, (7600) Mar del Plata, Argentina, email: [email protected] Abstract The genus Hybocodon includes seven species, two of which (H. prolifer and H. unicus) have been recorded in the south- western Atlantic. These reports were based on the medusa stage and only a few diagnostic characters were described, ren- dering some of these records rather doubtful. Additionally, H. prolifer has a boreal distribution, suggesting that the reports of this species from the southern hemisphere could correspond to other Hybocodon species. Recently, we sampled benthic and planktonic specimens of Hybocodon in the southwestern Atlantic and two species were identified: polyps and medusae of Hybocodon chilensis Hartlaub, 1905, and medusae of Hybocodon unicus (Browne, 1902). These samples al- lowed us to review and discuss the geographical distribution and validity of previous records of Hybocodon species for this area. We conclude that H. chilensis and H. unicus are the only Hybocodon species presently known for the southwest- ern Atlantic Ocean. Keywords: hydroid, hydromedusa, taxonomy, geographical distribution, Tubulariidae Introduction The genus Hybocodon L. Agassiz, 1860 (Anthoathecata, Tubulariidae) has been recognized as a monophyletic genus within the Tubulariidae (Marques & Migotto 2001). Species of Hybocodon have a metagenetic life cycle, the benthic stage is either solitary or colonial living in shaded spaces under rock ledges or in protected rock-pools, usually with hydrorhiza irregularly branched and embedded in sponges (Schuchert 2010). Gonophores arise on branched blastostyles that develop into free-swimming small medusae. The life cycle also includes an actinula larva that settles and metamorphoses into a new polyp (see Petersen 1990; Schuchert 2010). Currently, the genus Hybocodon includes seven nominal species: Hybocodon apiciloculatus Xu and Huang, 2006, Hybocodon atentaculatus Uchida, 1947, Hybocodon chilensis Hartlaub, 1905, Hybocodon cryptus Watson, 1984, Hybocodon octopleurus Kao, Li, Chang and Li, 1958, Hybocodon prolifer L. Agassiz, 1860 and Hybocodon unicus (Browne, 1902) (see Galea 2006; Schuchert 2010). Hybocodon prolifer and H. unicus were recorded from the southwestern Atlantic, but these reports were based only on the medusa stage and a small number of diagnostic characters (Genzano et al. 2008 and references therein), making some of them doubtful. Medusae assigned to H. prolifer were reported three times along the Buenos Aires coast (Zamponi 1984; Zamponi & Suarez 1991; Genzano et al. 2008). However, it is hypothesized that H. prolifer has a boreal distribution, occurring in the North Atlantic, the North Pacific, and the Arctic Sea (Nakayama & Numakunai 2000; Schuchert 2001, 2010). If true, then all reports of this species from the southern hemisphere likely correspond to Accepted by A. Collins: 19 Sept. 2012; published: 23 Oct. 2012 39.
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