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Persepsi Sebagai Pengetahuan Inderawi Menurut George Berkeley Dan Ibn Sînâ

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Persepsi Sebagai Pengetahuan Inderawi Menurut George Berkeley Dan Ibn Sînâ PERSEPSI SEBAGAI PENGETAHUAN INDERAWI MENURUT GEORGE BERKELEY DAN IBN SÎNÂ Disertasi Diajukan kepada Sekolah Pascasarjana UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta sebagai salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Doktor Pengkajian Islam dalam Bidang Pemikiran Islam (Filsafat) Oleh : Rizky Yazid NIM: 31181200000022 Pembimbing : Prof. Dr. H. Zainun Kamal Fakih, MA. Prof. Dr. H. Abdul Aziz Dahlan, MA. SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI (UIN) SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 1441 H/2021 M Kata Pengantar بسم هّللا ال هرحمن ال هرحيم Puji syukur hanya kepada Allah SWT, Tuhan semesta alam yang karena limpahan karunia dan nikmat-Nya, penulisan disertasi ini dapat selesai. Sholawat beriring salam senantiasa tercurahkan kepada Nabi dan Rasul tercinta Muhammad SAW beserta keluarga, para sahabat dan pengikut ajaran beliau, ammâ ba’du. Penelitian ini sebagai tugas akhir untuk meraih gelar Doktor (strata tiga) Program Studi Pengkajian Islam dengan konsentrasi Pemikiran Islam/Filsafat pada Sekolah Pascasarjana (Sps) Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Dengan ini juga penulis mengucapkan terimakasih kepada berbagai pihak yang telah banyak membantu sehingga disertasi ini dapat selesai untuk mengikuti ujian pendahuluan: 1. Ucapan terimakasih yang teramat dalam untuk kedua orang tua terkasih, ayahanda Drs. H. Badruzzaman dan ibunda Dra. Hj. Titin Mulyanah atas segala bentuk dukungan baik materil dan immateril kepada anaknya untuk mengejar dan menggenggam segala impian. Semoga dukungan tersebut menjadi amal baik untuk ayahanda dan ibunda serta menjadi bekal berharga bagi anaknya untuk mengarungi hidup, baik kehidupan material, inteletual maupun spiritual kelak, amin. 2. Ucapan terimakasih selanjutnya kepada Prof. Dr. Amany Lubis, selaku Rektor Universitas UIN Syarif Hidaatullah Jakarta dan Prof. Dr. Phil. Asep Saepudin Jahar, selaku Diretur Sekolah Pascasarjana UIN Jakarta, beserta wakil Direktur, Ketua dan Sekretaris Program Studi Doktor Sps UIN Jakarta. 3. Penulis juga mengucapkan terimakasih kepada Prof. Dr. H. Zainun Kamal Fakih, MA. dan Prof. Dr. H. Abdul Aziz Dahlan, MA, selaku promotor yang senantiasa memberikan waktunya untuk diskusi serta memberikan motivasi berharga dan dukungannya untuk menyelesaikan penulisan disertasi ini. Ucapan terimakasih selanjutnya kepada Prof. Dr. Media Zainul Bahri yang menjadi sosok penting yang turut mendorong pengembangan karir intelektual peneliti. Selain itu juga, ucapan terimakasih kepada Jajang Jahroni Ph.D yang mengantarkan peneliti pada “pelataran” dunia akademisi di UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta yang turut menimbulkan minat lebih pada intelektualisme. Tidak lupa juga ucapan terimakasih kepada Dr. Fariz Pari selaku guru sekaligus rekan diskusi yang telah meluangkan waktu dan tenaganya untuk memberikan sumbangsih pemikiran sehingga turut menghasilkan gagasan filosofis dan mind mapping yang sangat berharga bagi disertasi ini. 4. Ucapan terimakasih juga bagi segenap dosen Sekolah Pascasarjana yang tidak bisa disebutkan satu-persatu secara eksplisit, yang senantiasa memberikan sumbangsih pemikiran terhadap khazanah intelektual peneliti selama kuliah, i semoga terhitung sebagai amal-ibadah di sisi Allah SWT. Selain itu juga, ucapan terimakasih kepada seluruh staf sekertariat, khususnya Bang Adam dan Bang Burhan, serta staf perpustakaan yang turut membantu peneliti dalam melengkapi keperluan teknis-administratif, yaitu dengan memberikan pelayanan terbaik sehingga menimbulkan kenyamanan. Khususnya pada Mas Septian yang membantu dalam hal mengurus draft pengecekan plagiasi selama penelitian ini berlangsung. 5. Tidak kalah pentingnya, ucapkan terimakasih bagi teman-teman seperjuangan angkatan 2018 atas diskusi, sharing, canda-tawa serta untaian doa untuk keberhasilan kita bersama, semoga terhitung sebagai rajutan persaudaraan dan silaturahmi yang senantiasa panjang kelak. Terutama untuk Ust Dr. Amin MA. yang banyak membantu menguntaikan abstrak berbahasa Arab pada penelitian ini. Terlebih, bagi teman sejawat semenjak menempuh pendidikan magister sampai doktoral, Gus Dr. Ibnu Hajar MA. yang turut membantu meningkatkan spirit untuk penyelesaian tulisan ini. 6. Terakhir, penulis tidak lupa mengucapkan banyak terimakasih banyak kepada istri terkasih, Dessy EprinisaUtami M. Hum beserta keluarga yang di Cimahi atas untaian doa, cinta dan dukungannya yang sedemikian banyak sehingga turut memberikan rasa tentram dan suasana yang mendamaikan jiwa yang sangat berpengaruh bagi peneliti untuk menyelesaian tulisan ini. Demikianlah kata pengantar dan ucapan terimakasih ini penulis sampaikan, atas kebaikan, perhatian dan bantuan dari semua pihak yang telah disebutkan baik secara eksplisit maupun tidak, semoga senantiasa dibalas dengan kebaikan yang setinggi-tingginya oleh Allah SWT, Amin yâ mujîba al sâilîn. Jakarta, 25 Maret 2021 Penulis Rizky Yazid ii Abstrak Nama : Rizky Yazid Konsentrasi : Pemikiran Islam/Filsafat Judul : Persepsi Sebagai Pengetahuan Inderawi Menurut George Berkeley dan Ibn Sînâ. Disertasi ini adalah penelitian untuk meninjau pandangan filosofis mengenai pengetahuan inderawi yang mengandalkan peran persepsi melalui dua tokoh filosof lintas tradisi yakni Berkeley dan Ibn Sînâ. Persoalannya yaitu terdapat kesenjangan antara klaim kebenaran pengetahuan berbasis keyakinan tanpa mengandalkan akurasi dan representasi dengan klaim kebenaran pengetahuan berbasis keyakinan yang mengandalkan akurasi dan representasi untuk mengkonstruksi realitas. Bagi yang tidak mengandalkan representasi dan akurasi, tidak memerlukan keahlian sebagai hubungan relasional antara pikiran dengan realitas sedangkan bagi yang mengandalkan akurasi dan representasi, memerlukan keahlian sebagai hubungan relasional antara pikiran dengan realitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hermeneutik filosofis Gadamer untuk menganalisis dan memahami konsep persepsi Berkeley dan Ibn Sînâ serta konsekuensinya bagi diskursus mengenai filsafat pengetahuan kontemporer sebagai suatu ketegangan penafsiran antara horizon teks dengan horizon peneliti. Temuan penelitian ini adalah pengetahuan memerlukan akurasi dan representasi pikiran sebagai jaminan atas realitas (accurate representation of reality) serta kriteria dan deskripsi kebenaran maupun pengetahuan sistematis yang mengafirmasi keahlian untuk mengklaim kebenaran pengetahuan. Artinya, klaim kebenaran pengetahuan perlu berkorelasi pada kemampuan diri yang berkaitan dengan kognisi bukan hanya berkorelasi pada percakapan sosial yang berkaitan dengan afeksi. Kata kunci: Persepsi, Pengetahuan inderawi, Realisme, Pengetahuan epistemik, Pengetahuan sebagai sistem. vi Abstract Name : Rizky Yazid Concentration : Islamic Thought/Philosophy Title : Perception as Empirical Knowledge by George Berkeley and Ibn Sînâ This dissertation is a study to review a philosophical view of empirical knowledge that relied on the role of perception through two philosophers cross tradition, is Berkeley dan Ibn Sînâ. The problem is the gap between a relying truth claim of knowledge based on belief without relying accuracy and representation and truth claim of knowledge base on belief relying accuracy and representation to construct reality. For those who do not rely on representation and accuracy, it does not require expertise as a relational between the mind and reality, whereas for those who rely on accuracy and representation, it requires expertise as a relational between the mind and reality. This study uses the methods of Gadamer’s philosophy- hermeneutics to analyze and understanding the concept of perception by Berkeley and Ibn Sînâ and it consequences for discourse of knowledge in contemporary philosophy as a tension of interpretation between the textual horizon and the researcher’s horizon. The finding of this study is knowledge requires accuracy and representation as a guarantee of reality (accurate representation of reality) with criterion of truth, description of truth and systematic knowledge that affirms an expertise for claims of truth knowledge. That is, the claim of truth of knowledge correlates to self- capability related to cognition not correlate to social conversations related to affection. Key Words: Perception. Empirical knowledge, Realism, Epistemic knowledge, Knowledge as system. vii ملخص اﻹدراك كعلم حس ّي عند جورج بيركلي وابن سينا هذه الرسالة تبحث عن النظر الفلسفي حول العلم الحسي الذي يعتمد على اﻹدراك عند الفيلسوفين جورج بيركلي وابن سينا. المشكلة عدم التوافق بين زعم حقيّة العلم المعتمد على اليقين الذي ﻻ يحتاج الى اﻹحكام أوالدقة و زعم حقيّة العلم المعتمد على اليقين الذي يحتاج الى اﻹحكام أوالدقة او الواقع الذي يؤكد الواقعية الباني ة للواقع. استخدم هذا البحث هرمنيوطيقا غادامير لتحليل مفهوم اﻹدراك عند بيركلي وابن سينا ونتائجه للمباحثة عن العلم في الفلسفة المعاصرة ﻹجهاد المفهوم بين أفق الن ّص و أفق الباحث. نتائج هذا البحث أن العلم يحتاج إلى اﻹحكام أوالدقة لتمثيل الفكري ضمانا للواقع ومعيار الحقيقة و صفا للحقيقة و أيضا إلى المعرفة المنهاجية ثم يؤكد اﻷهلية لزعم حقيّة العلم، أو بعبارة أخرى زعم حقيّة العلم مرتبطة بقدرة النفس على القياس المنطقي وﻻ يرتبط بالمباحثة أو المناقشة اﻻجتماعية الشعورية. الكلمات المفتاحية: اﻹدراك، العلم الحسي، Knowledge as ،Epistemic knowledge system viii PEDOMAN TRANSLITERASI ARAB – LATIN Pedoman Transliterasi Arab – Latin yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai barikut; A. KONSONAN ف = f ز = z ب = b ق = q س = s ت = t ك = k ش = sh ث = ṡ ل = l ص = ṣ ج = j م = m ض = ḍ ح = ḥ ن = n ط = ṭ خ = kh ه = h ظ = ẓ د = d و = w ع = ‘ ذ = dh ء = ‘ غ = gh ر = r ي = y B. VOKAL 1. Vokal Tunggal Tanda Nama Huruf Latin Nama Fathah A A َ Kasrah I I َ Dhammah U U َ ix 2. Vokal
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