UPAYA MEMBANGUN EPISTEMOLOGI ISLAM (Studi Pada Pembelajaran Buku “Our Philosophy” Di Rausyanfikr Yogyakarta)

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UPAYA MEMBANGUN EPISTEMOLOGI ISLAM (Studi Pada Pembelajaran Buku “Our Philosophy” Di Rausyanfikr Yogyakarta) UPAYA MEMBANGUN EPISTEMOLOGI ISLAM (Studi Pada Pembelajaran Buku “Our Philosophy” di RausyanFikr Yogyakarta) RUSTAN EFENDY UIN Alauddin Makassar ABSTRACT RausyanFikr Institute is an agency of the study and publication of the book lies in Kaliurang Yogyakarta. The institute focuses on the study of philosophy and Islamic thought. Study participants were students from various regions in Indonesia. In this study, the authors focused on building the Islamic epistemology through the book “Our Philosophy” by Baqir Sadr, an Iraqi cleric concerned about world issues and an architect revolutionary thinking. This book thoroughly dissected in RausyanFikr Institute and has been a curriculum epistemology at the agency. The author will show the opinion epistemology Baqir Sadr to view some Western thinkers such as Plato, Descartes, Immanuel Kant, and John Locke. He himself offered his thoughts as he constructions as “disposesion” (nazhariyah intiz’ā). Keyword : Islamic Epistemology ABSTRAK RausyanFikr Institute adalah lembaga penelitian dan penerbitan buku terletak di Kaliurang Yogyakarta. Lembaga ini berfokus pada studi filsafat dan pemikiran Islam. Peserta penelitian adalah mahasiswa dari berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis berfokus pada membangun epistemologi Islam melalui buku “Filosofi” oleh Baqir Sadr, seorang ulama Irak khawatir tentang isu-isu dunia dan pemikiran revolusioner arsitek. Buku ini benar-benar dibedah di RausyanFikr Institute dan telah menjadi epistemologi kurikulum di lembaga tersebut. Penulis akan menunjukkan epistemologi opini Baqir Sadr untuk melihat beberapa pemikir Barat seperti Plato, Descartes, Immanuel Kant, dan John Locke. Dia sendiri ditawarkan pikirannya saat ia konstruksi sebagai “disposesion” (nazhariyah intiz’ā). Keyword: Epistemologi Islam PENDAHULUAN pola pikir mereka. Akibatnya kita tidak tahu ideologi atau kecenderungan apa yang dibawa Banyak orang yang mengasumsikan bahwa oleh produk-produk pemikiran tersebut dan pembelajaran filsafat dan pemikiran Islam bagaimana kita menyikapinya. cenderung berbelit-belit dan menyusahkan. RausyanFikr Institute Yogyakarta telah Anggapan ini boleh jadi benar, namun boleh berusaha dengan serius memecahkan misteri jadi kurang tepat. Memang harus diakui ini dengan memetakan struktur pemikiran bahwa selama ini kita banyak belajar sejarah dalam ranah filsafat dan pemikiran, sehingga perkembangan filsafat mulai dari Plato, kita dapat mengetahui lahirnya sebuah doktrin Descartes, Immanuel Kant sampai filsuf filsafat. misalnya ungkapan Descartes “aku mutakhir. Demikian halnya pemikiran Islam, berpikr maka aku ada”. Proposisi ini harus selama ini yang kita pelajari adalah sejarah dipahami dari sejarah dan konstruksi pemikiran pemikirannya yang kita sudah tashdiq (nilai) Cartes. Kita tidak dapat memahaminya secara sehingga dengan mudah kita menempatkannya literal. Demikian halnya munculnya slogan pada posisisi benar atau salah, tanpa mencoba lâ hukma illâ Allâh (tidak ada hukum kecuali menggali lebih dalam struktur yang membentuk [ 67 ] Kuriositas, Edisi VI, Vol. 1, Juni 2013 hukum Allah). Slogan ini boleh jadi benar, tetapi partisipatif. Artinya peneliti ikut berpatisipasi tendensi dibalik slogan itu bisa jadi digunakan sebagai peserta belajar kelas “Our Philosophy” untuk menutupi maksud tersembunyi. selama 20 hari, ditambah informan lainnya Pembelajaran filsafat dan pemikiran sesuai dengan kebutuhan peneliti, lazimnya Islam menurut penulis selama ini cenderung disebut snowball sampling. Penentuan sampel dipersempit pada produk pemikiran, sehingga dalam hal ini tidak berdasar pada sedikit- pembelajar tidak dapat menentukan posisinya, banyaknya informan, akan tetapi keterwakilan haruskah mengikuti arus pemikiran filsuf informasi yang diperlukan. Setelah data tersebut atau beroposisi dengannya. Oleh terkumpul kemudian di gelar, dianalisis dan karena itu, perlu membedah struktur berpikir di lakukan reduksi data, dan diinterpretasikan mereka dan menjelaskannya dengan cara dalam bentuk laporan penelitian. yang mudah. Salah satunya dengan model pembelajaran wetonan/sorogan, FGD (focus Kerangka Konseptual discussion group) dengan pendekatan teks- teks filsafat. RausyanFikr merasa berkepentingan untuk menjelaskan aliran-aliran filsafat dan konstruksi epistemologisnya. Langkah konkrit untuk mewujudkan hal tersebut adalah dijadikannya buku “Our Philosophy” sebagai buku primer dalam rangka menjelaskan dan Secara falsafi pembagian ilmu terbagi mendudukkan persoalan epistemologisnya tiga, yaitu ontologi yang membahas tentang sebagaimana mestinya, sehingga kita dapat ada dan hakikat keberadaan, epistemologi dengan mudah mengenali kerancuan pemikiran yang membahas tentang asal-usul (sumber) tokoh-tokoh Barat dan dapat menawarkan pengetahuan dan aksiologi yang membahas teori epistemology yang kukuh. tindakan etis. Penelitian ini fokus pada Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas, maka persoalan epistemologi dengan menggunakan yang menjadi rumusan masalah sekaligus pendekatan teks-teks sebagaimana yang pokok bahasan dalam penelitian ini adalah terdapat dalam buku “Our Philosophy”. Kajian bagaimana upaya pembelajaran filsafat melalui ini akan mengetengahkan bagaimana urgensi pendekatan teks dalam membangun kerangka epistemologi dan kontribusi RausyanFikr epistemologi Islam di RausyanFikr Insitute dalam upaya membangun epistemologi Islam Yogyakarta. melalui program paket Wisata Epistemologi selama 20 hari. Metode Penelitian Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif PEMBAHASAN kualitatif dengan lokasi penelitian pada Sejarah Singkat RausyanFikr RausyanFikr Institute Yogyakarta. Institute Yogyakarta Sumber dan Analisis Data Visi Untuk menentukan sumber data yang Menuju masyarakat islami yang rasional digunakan dalam penelitian ini, langkah awal dan spiritual yang ditempuh adalah menentukan informan Misi kunci (key informan), yaitu pengajar buku Membangun tradisi pemikiran yang “Our Philosophy” sekaligus Ketua Yayasan berbasis filsafat Islam dan mistisisme RausyanFikr, dengan menggunakan pendekatan [ 68 ] Rustan Efendy - Upaya Membangun Epistemologi Islam... untuk membangun tanggung jawab sosial angkatan. Materi pokok dalam pesantren ini kemasyarakatan adalah : Lembaga ini dibentuk pada awal tahun 1. Logika : 1 semester 1990-an oleh komunitas mahasiswa di 2. Epistemologi : 2 semester Yogyakarta yang berkumpul atas dasar 3. Filsafat agama : 3 semester semangat pemikiran dan dakwah Islam. 4. Bahasa Arab : 8 semester Pada pertengahan 1995 kelompok diskusi ini Pembelajaran Filsafat dan Pemikiran memformalkan diri dalam bentuk yayasan Islam dengan Pendekatan Teks- yang diberi nama RausyanFikr.1 Awal tahun Teks Filsafat di RausyanFikr Insitute 2000 lembaga ini mempertajam fokusnya Yogyakarta pada isu strategis yaitu kajian filsafat Islam dan Pembelajaran model wetonan/sorogan mistisime, mengapresiasi dan mengembangkan lazim digunakan di pesantren-pesantren wacana filsafat Islam dan mistisisme oleh klasik, terutama sebagian besar Jawa. Pada para filsuf muslim yang dapat membangun pola pembelajaran ini, seorang guru (ustadz) peradaban intelektual masyarakat Indonesia. duduk di tengah santrinya dengan posisi Program 2010-2015 lebih dipertajam lagi setengah lingkaran. Model ini ada baiknya dalam format pesantren mahasiswa. Kegiatan karena hubungan interpersonal antara guru ini adalah upaya awal mempersiapkan sebuah dan murid dapat terjalin dengan baik. Namun pendidikan formal berbasis perguruan tinggi model pembelajaran ini kurang efektif jika yaitu Sekolah Tinggi Filsafat Islam pada 2015 peserta pembelajaran dalam jumlah besar, berbasis research center. tanpa didukung sarana penunjang seperti pembesar suara karena praktis suara guru Program-Program (narasumber) tidak dapat didengar secara utuh Sejak berdirinya pada 1995 hingga 2012, oleh murid-muridnya. Lain halnya jika peserta lembaga ini memiliki dua fokus program pembelajaran di bawah 20 orang. Pembelajaran unggulan yang strategis dalam rangka filsafat dan pemikiran Islam dengan model sosialisasi pemikiran Filsafat Islam dan sorogan/wetonan di RausyanFikr Institute Mistisisme (irfan), yaitu : Yogyakarta hanya diikuti dan memang dibatasi Training Pemikiran sampai 15 orang santri, jadi praktis proses Training pemikiran atau short course pembelajaran dapat dikontrol langsung oleh islamic philosophy & misticism, per Desember guru/ustadz/murabbi. 2012 telah memasuki angkatan ke-76. Paket Pembelajaran dimulai dengan deskripsi ini adalah format dasar pelajaran filsafat Islam singkat dari guru tentang materi yang akan dan mistisisme, materi yang ditawarkan pada dipelajari dengan menggunakan buku teks program ini adalah : pandangan dunia (world primer yang berjudul Our Philosophy฀ view), epistemology, agama dan konstruksi yang telah diterjemahkan kedalam bahasa berpikir. Indonesia. Selanjutnya santri membaca teks Pesantren Mahasiswa buku tersebut kemudian dijelaskan maksudnya oleh guru/pembimbing. Peserta program pesantren mahasiswa ini Adapun persoalan-persoalan yang tidak adalah peserta yang telah melewati tahap-tahap dapat dipahami oleh santri dapat ditanyakan short course dan paket lanjutan. Pesantren ini langsung pada saat materi diajarkan. Waktu diadakan selama 2 tahun (8 semester) tiap pembelajaran terjadwal dengan baik dan dibagi menjadi 2 sesi perhari. Sesi pertama sore hari <?> Dokumentasi RausyanFikr Institute Yogyakarta, dapat dilihat pada tiap buku yang diterbitkan pada pukul 16.00-18.00 dan malam hari pukul halaman akhir 20.00-22.00, tidak ada aturan formal yang [ 69 ] Kuriositas, Edisi VI, Vol. 1, Juni 2013 benar-benar
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