TRENDS SMALL TOWN 274 of 9,185. Park City would haveapopulation and Budgetsuggestedthatby2010, of Utah’s Governor’s Office ofPlanning Population estimatesfromthe State Park City, theBest Town Park City hadapopulationof7,371. In 2000, with6,661housingunits, City’s population?Itisdifficulttosay. What willthismeanintermsofPark around 11,700units. housing unitsatbuild-outshouldbe units (9,471),thetotalnumberof the totalnumberofexistinghousing Therefore, ifthisestimateisaddedto 2,072 additionalresidentialunits. could accommodate approximately Based onthe2011 City limits,Park City TREND: Build-out are estimateswhich generatedby Census Bureauandthe State of Utah The numbersprovidedby the US number? between theestimatesandreal Why wastheresuchadiscrepancy population hadonlygrownto7,558. 2010 Census showedthatPark City’s a populationof8,127. However, the estimated thatin2009, Park City had 2 The US Census Bureau for thePlanet 1

3

second homeowners. The State of Utah added areforfull-timeresidents or market, andwhetherthehousingunits depends primarilyonthe housing Estimating futurepopulationgrowth estimates. with the State’s and Census Bureau’s growth couldhavebeenmoreinline previous decade,the City’s population homes, insteadofonly180inthe housing market addedmoreprimary to 5,609.HadthegrowthinPark City’s homes) increasedby66%,from3,383 seasonally vacanthousing(second only 7%,from2,705to2,885,while between 2000 and2010 increasedby in growthrates). Occupied housing homes (hence,thelargedifference majority ofthisgrowthwasinsecond by 42%,from6,661to9,471. The vast 2010, thenumberofhousingunitsgrew only grewby2.5%between2000 and example, whilePark City’s population which make itdifficulttomodel.For homeowners andseasonalworkers, atypical, withahighnumberofsecond for atypicaltownorcity. Park City is models andequationsthatarecreated population of12,035 persons. persons inthe City, yieldingabuild-out Park additional 4,477 would havean City At aconstanthouseholdsizeof2.60, 3,444 unitswillbeoccupied year-round. will beprimary;therefore,1,722 ofthe assume that50% ofthefutureresidents primary residentsisachieved. Let’s assume thatthe City’s goalstogetmore purposes ofestimatingatthistime,let’s units (or 30%)willbeoccupied. For expect that622 ofthe3,444future the nextfewdecades,thenwewould housing staysthesamethroughout the balanceofoccupied andseasonal to theskiresorts.Ifweassumethat the unitsareplannedforareasadjacent unlikely giventhatalargeportionof become primaryresidences,whichis of thenew3,444housingunitswould people. However, thisassumesthatall of 5,387 people,foratotalof16,512 redevelopment) willyieldanincrease buildout, includingtheBoPaDistrict an additional3,444units(estimated this householdsizeremainsconstant, household sizeof2.60;ifweassume In 2010, Park City hadanaverage have apopulationof13,382. estimates thatby2020, Park City will 4

SMALL TOWN 275 67 98 117 338 33* 239 300 189 691 2,072 Units Residential Residential Neighborhood Residential Growth Growth Residential by How Does the City Calculate Buildout? the total number of units approved for each. systems (GIS) and data from Summit County. County. Summit and data from systems (GIS) from the Summit County Assessor and assigned County Summit from the and the density allowed for each under the Land and the density allowed for each under the an estimated unit value based on their total area an estimated unit value based on their total Management Code (LMC). Also considered were Code (LMC). Management Vacant lots in Park City were identified using data Vacant lots in Park units will be built by using geographic information units will be built by using geographic information Neighborhood Old Town Park Meadows Upper Valley Deer Thaynes Lower Valley Deer Masonic Hill Junction Quinn’s Bonanza Park & Prospector Center Resort TOTAL current master planned developments (MPDs) and current master planned developments While it is hard to know exactly when build-out will While it is hard to know exactly when build-out occur, it is possible to estimate how many additional it is possible occur, *Does not include potential units from the *Does not include potential units from 1372 of Bonanza Park (est. redevelopment build-out of the 99 acres). units assuming 75% included, number With this redevelopment 3,444 the full residential build-out would be units.

Quinn’s Jct. 239 Quinn’s Lower Deer Valley 338 Valley Lower Deer Masonic Hill 67 Upper Deer Valley 189 Valley Upper Deer Park Meadows 117 691 Town Old Bonanza Park & Prospector 33* Resort Center Resort 300 FUTURE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT RESIDENTIAL FUTURE

Thaynes 98 201-400 401-702 0 1-33 34-117 118 - 200 Future Units Future (By Neighborhood) SMALL TOWN 276 Park City, theBest Town Limited development willoccur in substantial commercial development. neighborhoods, otherareas willsee Masonic Hill;and Upper Deer Valley expected inParkMeadows; Thaynes; no commercialdevelopment is homeowners intheseregions. Though of primaryresidentsandsecond is expectedtosupporttheneeds Additional commercialgrowth TREND: Build-out(continued) for thePlanet units remainunbuilt.In addition,the Quinn’s Junction as250 commercial growth, however, islikely tooccur at opportunities forvisitors. The greatest resorts expandandincreaseretail experience greatergrowthasthe and LowerDeer Valley arelikely to however, Park City MountainResort neighborhood aswell Old Town; the BonanzaParkandProspector development. unit equivalentsofcommercial lead toasmany1910 additional opportunities intheBoPaDistrictcould It isworthnotingthatredevelopment hotel, andcommercialproject. foot entertainment,moviestudio, considering buildinga400,000square Quinn’s Junction Partnership (QJP) is SMALL TOWN 277 0 0 0 0 31 52 92 250 22* 447 Units Commercial Commercial Neighborhood Commercial Growth Commercial by Neighborhood Old Town Park Meadows Upper Valley Deer Thaynes Lower Valley Deer Masonic Hill Junction Quinn’s Bonanza Park & Prospector PCMR TOTAL *Does not include potential units from the *Does not include potential units from of Bonanza Park (1910 units redevelopment less build-out of the 99 acres, assuming 75% SF on the ground). the existing commercial included, number With this redevelopment be 2,357 the full commercial build-out would units.

Quinn’s Jct. 250 Quinn’s Lower Deer Valley 52 Valley Lower Deer Masonic Hill 0 Upper Deer Valley 0 Valley Upper Deer Old Town Old Town 31 Park Meadows 0 Bonanza Park & Prospector 22 Bonanza Park & FUTURE COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT COMMERCIAL FUTURE Open Space 0 Thaynes 0

Resort Center Resort 92

201-400 0 1-33 34-117 118 - 200 Future Units Future (By Neighborhood) SMALL TOWN 278 included Park City and Snyderville Basinwithin Summit County, asfollows: Park City, theBest Town 4. 3. 2. 1. Outline byczbLLC andthePlanning Center DC&E. regional growthtrendswereprojectedwithinthe2012 Balanced Growth Strategy Over thenext20 years,the Wasatch Backareawillchangedramatically. Baseline REGIONAL GROWTH TRENDS IDENTIFIEDINBALANCED GROWTH STUDY Regional Growth TREND:

ely remainone ofthemostexpensive housingmarkets inthe US. d. c. Valley and Old Town willbecomeeven moredominatedbyseasonal b. a. Park City will growtonearly10,000by2030. development. function ofwhatkindsagreementsareinplace nowthatshapelanduseand relation totheamenitiesthey seekandwhatthey canafford will belargelya developed inrelationshiptowherethejobsare,andfamiliessettle ether. The demandforhousingandjobswillbesubstantial. Where housingis more peoplewillmoveinto Summit County thanwillmoveoutorpassintothe 70,000 in30years,a90percentincrease.Everymonthuntil2040 roughly90 Summit County willgrowfromacurrentpopulationofabout36,000tonearly 2012 -2030. Summit County inparticularwillgrowbynearly30,000peoplebetween The Wasatch Backwillgrowsubstantiallyinthenext20 years.

will continuetogrow. Demand fromtheregion to“spend”touristandrelateddollarsinPark It willlik of seasonalbuyers. heavily populateddistrictswiththebaseofPCMR receivingalargenumber Bonanza ParkandLower owners. Deer for thePlanet Avenue willprobablybecomedenser, more 6 The baseline projections

City • • Economic Impacts(+++) as follows: environment, equity, andqualityoflife, would haveonPark City’s economy, (status quonoadditionalplanning) identified theimpactsbaselinegrowth Strategy Outline Balanced Growth The

with stable/risingwages. to keep upwithdemandandtrend Growth willcreateadditionaljobs and propertyvalues. and services,increasingthetaxbase putting greaterdemandongoods the region’s economicprosperity, Population growthwillincrease SMALL TOWN 279 Morgan County Morgan County Summit Wasatch County Additional demand for more seasonal homes will further cement the influence of temporary residents on retail and community life (Park a City may feel less and less like community of year round residents.) A growing tax base will result in City more economic capacity for the (this will translate into continued ability to support high quality amenities for year round residents.

• •

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 0 Tourist and visitor services will Tourist attract more and more people, placing pressure on supportive infrastructure (public transit, parking, traffic routing, water) inside Park City. The loss of open space and view The loss of open space and view corridors will influence the region’s sense of place. Increased congestion will affect travel times and the sense of Park City being a small mountain resort. 80,000 60,000 40,000 20,000 120,000 100,000

Population projections for Morgan, Summit, and Wasatch County from the Governor's Office of Governor's the County from Wasatch Summit, and projections for Morgan, Population Baseline Projections Planning and Budget 2012 • • • Quality of Life (+ + + - - -) Housing affordability will be a major Housing affordability will be a pressure point, with substantial implications for the region directly correlated with what is affordable AMI to households in the 100 - 250 range. Loss of wildlife habitat and wildlife Loss of wildlife habitat and wildlife corridors. Commuter traffic will increase along Commuter traffic travelled due to with vehicle miles of housing. the expensive cost will increase due to Carbon footprint sprawling development. Increased demand for scarce water Increased demand resources. Significant amounts of undeveloped undeveloped amounts of Significant as new be developed land will units. residential and commercial

• • Equity Impacts (- - -) • • • Environmental Impacts (- - -) Impacts Environmental • SMALL TOWN 280 Park City, theBest Town for thePlanet future developments. address someoftheconcerns regardingthese the threeentitiessothatthey maybeableto with Summit and Wasatch Counties toposition region. Park City shouldcontinuetopartner transportation tolossofnaturalhabitatinthe as theregion. The challengeswillrangefrom impact onthequalityoflifeinPark City aswell These developments willhaveasignificant includes: developments throughouttheregionand This regionalmapillustratesentitled • • • • • • • • •

esearch Park(1,000,000 SF) Creek (1200 units)

Jordanelle RSP Bonanza Flats(260units) BrightonEstates(41 The Movie PC Heights(2 Bonanza Park(4,7 Canyons (5,5 R Silver Studio (400,000 SF) 00,000 SF) 39 units) A (+/-8,000units) 50,000 SF) 7 units) SMALL TOWN 281 SMALL TOWN 282 Park City, theBest Town mile (7,558people/11.11 squaremiles). of Park City was680peoplepersquare no population,thepopulation density block. Excludingcensus blockswith population densitydownbycensus area ofPark City, itishelpfultobreak distributed throughouttheentire Since thepopulationisnotevenly (7,558 people/17.64 squaremiles). density of428peoplepersquaremile In 2010, Park City hadapopulation Population Density can belaidoutmanydifferentways. hard tovisualize,asthesamedensity definitions ofdensity. They canalsobe with ourmoresubjective,personal of densityoftencomeintoconflict be built. Such objectivedefinitions upon whichthathousingwasorwill of housingunitsbythenumberacres use density The seconddefinitionofdensityis area, usuallymeasuredinsquaremiles. the numberofpeoplelivinginadefined The firstis very differentdefinitionsandmeanings. in planningdiscussions,butcanhave What is TREND: DensityinPark City density? The term isoftenused population density,whichis , whichdividesthenumber for thePlanet land neighborhoods haveseen substantial population density, even thoughthese City MountainResort showverylow Upper andLowerDeer Valley andPark time residents.Neighborhoodslike City, itcanonlybeappliedtofull measure wherepeopleliveinPark While populationisausefulwayto Park City). of census onlycountspermanentresidents per squaremile(keep inmindthatthe neighborhoods, withonly23 people Deer Valley istheleast denseofallthe 1,046 peoplepersquaremile. Upper followed closelybyParkMeadowswith with 1,548peoplepersquaremile, the nextgreatestpopulationdensity, people persquaremile. Old Town has highest populationdensity, with3,577 Bonanza Park&Prospectorhasthe Out ofthe9neighborhoodsinPark City, density being4peoplepersquaremile. people persquaremileandthelowest with thehighestdensitybeing56,159 density of3,195peoplepersquaremile, Park City hadanaveragepopulation In all,theinhabitedcensusblocksin current conditionscreatingarange. the densitycalculationswereappliedto density inthecurrentLand Use Map, medium, andlowresidentiallanduse respectively. To identifythehigh, with 2.56,3.03, and3.16unitsperacre, Thaynes havethelowestdensities Park Meadows,MasonicHill,and and 8.07unitsperacre,respectively. average parceldensitiesof17.35, 16.37, & Prospectoristhemostdense,with City MountainResort andBonanzaPark acre. Development in Old Town, Park 260 unitsperacreto0.02 unitsper less. DensityinPark City rangesfrom had adensityof3.48unitsperacreor per acre;however, 50% oftheparcels land usedensityofaround7.62 units In Park City, the averageparcelhasa Land Use Density residential development. density, withoutrealizingthe open by manypeopletobemedium orhigh medium densitycouldbe perceived Many parcelsclassified as lowand Density Land Use Medium High Low Acre Units per 5.1 –45 45.1+ 0-5 2012 Park City, 65% 34% 1% SMALL TOWN 283 objective method to measure density. LAND USE DENSITY USE LAND Low Density (0 - 5) Medium Density (6 - 45) High Density (46 - 260) Units Acre per classified as medium density, despite classified as medium density, Such discrepancies are their large size. for an the trade-offs we must accept POPULATION DENSITY POPULATION 0 - 850 851 - 3,000 3,001 - 6,750 - 26,000 6,751 26,001 - 56,160 No Population People per Square Mile per People Population Density is the number of people living in a defined area, usually measured in square miles. Land use density divides the number of housing people living in a defined area, usually measured in square miles. Land use Density is the number of Population that housing was or will be built. unit by the number of acres upon which space that is connected to a parcel. space that is connected to a parcel. For this reason, large developments, are St. Regis such as the Montage or SMALL TOWN 284 Park City, theBest Town LMC. Development (MPD) isrequiredbythe only utilizedwhenaMaster Planned area. These Unit Equivalentfactorsare square feetofcommercialorofficefloor Family Dwellingfloorarea,or1,000 family Lot,2,000squarefeetofMulti- Unit Equivalentequatestoone(1)single the basisof Unit Equivalents. One (1) configurations, densityiscalculatedon for, andtoencourage,avariety ofunit The LMCindicatesthatinordertoallow commercial spaces. and configurationsofdwellingunits density factorappliedtodifferentsized Unit Equivalent(UE)isdefinedasthe units andthelandarea. dwelling unitsand/ornon-residential function ofbothnumberandtype or unitsperacres.Densityisatypeof Unit Equivalents(UEs)peracreorLot Residential usesexpressedintermsof or numberofNon-residentialand defines Densityastheintensity Park City’s currentlanduseordinance, The LandManagement Code (LMC), Calculation Methodology TREND: Considering aNewDensity for thePlanet HR-1 andHR-LL Districts;theonly differenceisthesizeofstructures. measure densityintermsof persons perhouseholdor“warmpillows,”thedensityis sameinthe units peracre(thecurrentmethodology), theHR-L DistrictislessdensethantheHR-1 District.Ifyou The graphillustratesthechallenges ofmeasuringdensityinPark City. Ifdensityismeasuredas HR-1 andtheHR-L Districts: consisting ofemptyinfilllotswithinthe example lookatthefollowingscenario deals withtheminimumlotsize.For found in Old Town relatedtodensity utilized. The identifiedissueoften no mentionofadensityfactortobe When thisisthecase,LMCmakes development, specificallyin Old Town. MPDs arenotrequired,suchasinfill There areseveral occasions that (approx.) bedrooms of Number FAR (approx.) Scenario Units per acre per Units House size (approx.) House Lot sizeLot HR-1 District 2,000 SF 1,875 SF +/- 3 23.2 1:1 site. As ameasurementofnumber twice asmuchlandareatheHR-1 within theHR-L Districtcontains than theHR-1 District. A property identified asalowerdensityzone Per theLMC,HR-L Districtis is significantlybiggerthattheother. per property;however onestructure each consistsofone(1)structure/unit of thesescenarios,itisobviousthat to theHR-1 zonedhouse.Inboth number ofbedroomswhencompared twice aslargercontainingthe The sizeoftheHR-L housemaybe HR-L District 4,000 SF 3,750 SF +/- 6 11.6 1:2 SMALL TOWN 285 that hate: sprawl. There are There two things two things Americans Americans density and density and American Planning Student Concept Student Planning American impacts will be necessary to ultimately will be necessary impacts scenarios. future land use resolving of this density correlation Analysis land it affects transportation, critical as e.g., road capacity, use, and economics, rentals, etc. impacts of nightly of units/structures per site, the HR-L the HR-L per site, of units/structures as the be half as dense zone would in Measuring density District. HR-1 in lower typically results this manner containing larger density districts lots. Higher structures on larger typically have smaller density districts smaller lots. individual units on Lot when measured as unit per Density, related to structure or acre is inversely density suburban size. Hence, lower have larger typically developments than their city lots and bigger houses counterparts. density in terms of When reviewing number of bedrooms (perhaps more the appropriate in a resort town given impacts of “warm pillows”/increased on traffic, parking, etc.), the occupancy density of a large 6-bedroom home as on a single lot would be the same two two smaller 3-bedroom homes on not lots. In this case, density would but be a function of units per acre/lot (and rather the number of bedrooms ultimately persons) per lot. Looking forward, the Planning Department should conduct analysis within and research related to density Examining more appropriate City. the methods to understand density and its SMALL TOWN 286 Park City, theBest Town Land Consumption TREND: 122 percent(from184to408square and thatof San Antonio increasedby percent (from72 to252 squaremiles), area of Austin, Texas increasedby249 between 1970and2000, theland population growth.Forexample, increased disproportionatelyto (land utilizedfordevelopment) has States. The rateoflandconsumption use trendhastaken rootinthe United Over thepast40 years, analarming land Land consumptiontrendshave slowedsincetheboomof1970’s. Newannexationand subdivisionpolicyrequiresincreasedopenspace. 1971-1980 for thePlanet 2012 City Boundary 2012 City Land within City LimitPrevious Decade 1981-1990 of 75 percent. increase of161percentand San Antonio communities: Austin hadapopulation the rateofpopulationgrowthforthose miles); theseratesweregreaterthan growth, andanincreaseintheaverage that outpacestherateofpopulation sources: arateofhouseholdformation population growthfromtwoprincipal the ratesoflandconsumptionand contributes thedisparitybetween 7 EugenieL.Birch,FAICP, Open Space within Decade Developed LandwithinDecade 1991-2000 to 17.64 squaremiles) increased by345percent(from3.96 1970 to2000, thelandareaofPark City reflecting thenationaltrend.Between outpaced increasedlandareanot In Park City, population growthhas in 2000.) square feetin1970to2,057 size ofadwellingunit(from1,375 population grewby176 people(2.4% grew by286acres(3%growth) while 2000 to2010, thelandareaofPark City of 523 percent(1,193to7,431) smaller thanthepopulationgrowth 2001-2012 8 ; thisratewas 9 . From SMALL TOWN 287 10 criticism of sprawl and criticism of sprawl the equally passionate the equally passionate with the breakdown of with the breakdown on finding a consensus on finding a consensus regulations infringe on that could be capable of is bad but density seems is bad but density worse; growth is bad but in the public process: the in the public process: there are only two things only two things there are trust, civility, and respect and trust, civility, freedom and yet they are freedom and yet they for democratic process, it negative consequences of rejection of density. In the rejection of density. improving both human and improving both human and development are combined development about which they can count can count about which they popular imagination, sprawl popular imagination, imagine a pattern of growth imagine a pattern of growth nonhuman environments.” “Planners often observe that often observe “Planners ineffective at preventing bad ineffective at preventing outcomes anyway. When the outcomes anyway. Eran Ben-Josepsh & Terry S. Szold Terry & Eran Ben-Josepsh becomes difficult for many to becomes difficult for many to identify regional nodal and regional development pressures on strategies to alleviate the natural setting and decrease vehicle miles travelled. system Rights (TDR) Development TDR system. and consider a regional space acquisitions based on community values, including: ecosystem health, sensitive lands, wildlife corridors, view corridors, and recreation. regulations. growth); however, population growth population however, growth); reflect consumption not accurately does of due to the majority demand homes units being second residential When counted within population). (not City in Park defining land consumption the total land area we must look at to the open space annexed relative within the annexation. should The following strategies to decrease land be implemented consumption: communities with surrounding Work 1. of Transfer Strengthen the existing 2. Create a matrix to prioritize open 3. 4. Conservation Implement Subdivision SMALL TOWN 288 Park City, theBest Town TREND: Transportation for thePlanet SMALL TOWN 289 SMALL TOWN 290 Park City, theBest Town individuals. actual traveldemandchoices of individual estimatesdo not represent is reasonablyaccurate even ifthe such thattheaggregateestimate estimating individualchoicedecisions process isaneconometricmethodof building theinterstatesystem. This areas estimatetraveldemandwhile developed inthe1950s tohelpurban basic “fourstepprocess”originally The traveldemandmodelfollowsthe consequences ofvariousactions. and prepareforpossibleunintended can helpPark City anticipatethefuture While notaperfecttool,themodel transportation problemsandissues. plan iscompletedinordertoanticipate the plandevelopment andafterthe staff andtousethistoolbothduring of themodelwastoofferatoolcity as well(Snyderville Basin). The purpose which includedthesurroundingareas travel demandwithinthestudyarea, in ordertoassessexistingandfuture model wasdeveloped forPark City A traveldemandandtrafficsimulation TREND: Transportation for thePlanet from outsideofthePark City limits to borrows persontripgeneration rates The traveldemandmodel component transit assumptions. impacts ofparkinginfrastructureand and solutionstohelpdeterminethe evaluate anddisplaytrafficproblems local areaandtovisually growth options of themodelcanbeusedtofinetune transportation planprocess,eachpart the future,aftercompletionofthis on themodelroadwaynetwork.In “dynamic assignment”toroutevehicles flow simulationsoftware) thatuses (a microscopicmulti-modaltraffic choices, andtheotherisa“Vissim” trip generation,distributionandmode growth assumptionsandcalculates a two-partmodel;onethatlooksat The Park City traveldemandmodelis • • • • model are: The fourstepsofthetraveldemand Trip assignment Mode choice Trip distribution Trip generation The baselinemodelresults were transportation system. Park City growthpoliciesonthe was usedtoassesstheimpact of growth to2020. This modelalternative growth withinPark City butregional also evaluated thatassumednonew However, anadditionalscenariowas and populationasdiscussedabove. The basescenariosassumedlanduse evaluated fortheyears2020 and2040. future landusescenarioswere In additiontothe2009 model,three S.R. 224 and S.R. 248. UDOT’s automatictrafficrecorderson calibration camefromPark City and from thatyear. Traffic countsusedfor P.M. peakhourtrafficcountdata Department of Transportation (UDOT) compared toPark City andthe Utah was calibratedtotheyear2009 and traffic simulationmodel. Themodel origin-destination pairarefedintothe estimated. Trips bymodeand origin-destination pairswhichwere distribution issimplifiedwithfixed and walk/bike modaloptions. Trip estimate transit,drivealone,carpool, SMALL TOWN 291 expected to increase by 47 percent expected to increase by 47 percent on an average day and by over 200 percent during the high-ski season. person trips are the average day and during the Christmas high-ski season such as week. Daily Park City will remain a major Park daily destination with the number of person trips increasing during both the shoulder and high-ski seasons. As a result, vehicle miles travelled the (VMT) and delay will increase in future. with the expected even However, the VMT and delay, growth in will not average day in 2040 that approach the congestion levels on high-ski days and during occur events. Congestion will continue to be an issue during the ski outload and large events. Figure 3-2 shows the daily number City for of person trips within Park generated to understand the scope to understand generated issues and transportation of future policies for transportation the need and to address existing or projects concerns within future transportation Snyderville Basin. City and the Park assumed These baseline models discussed the future development the committed along with previously City within Park transportation projects outside of the city and planned projects limits. Based upon the baseline modeling: • • • • • SMALL TOWN 292 Park City, theBest Town Traffic & TransportationMaster Plan additional transitservice. The Park City along withpark-and-ride lotsandlikely vehicle (HOV) lanestobothcorridors plans callforaddinghigh-occupancy affected bythesecorridorsandcurrent Traffic conditionsinPark Cityarehighly completed concurrentwiththeplan. summarized inthisplanandwas 248. A corridorstudy of S.R. 224 is conditions on S.R. 224 and S.R. in-depth lookatexistingandfuture The followinginformationoffersan of UDOT.jurisdiction corridors isastatehighwayunderthe anticipated growth.Eachofthese and theirabilitytoaccommodate this of overallgrowthinexistingcorridors corridors beginswithaquantification to theeast. Analysis ofthegateway 248 (Kearns Boulevard), from US-40 from Kimball Junction atI-80and S.R. corridors include S.R. 224 (Park Avenue) outside the City limits.Existinggateway main access pointsintoPark City from The gatewaycorridorsrepresentthe EXISTING GATEWAY CORRIDORS (cont.)TREND: Transportation for thePlanet corridors. The graphsbelowshow occupancy goalsforthesetwogateway (TTMP) includesaggressive vehicle existing andfuturemode sharegoals. SMALL TOWN 293 . Immediate opportunities for this housing can be . Immediate opportunities for this housing WHERE THE PARK CITY WORKFORCE LIVES WORKFORCE CITY PARK THE WHERE Selection Area Selection The map and graphic depict the spatial mismatch that exists with the Park City area. Only 2500 of Park City’s 12,500 plus workforce live within City plus workforce live within 12,500 City’s of Park Only 2500 City area. mismatch that exists with the Park The map and graphic depict the spatial In the case of Park to their work is one that impacts land use patterns and transportation systems. The challenge of locating employees close limits. workforce is employed in the hospitality City’s extremely high cost of real estate. Much of Park City’s is further complicated by the the challenge City, As a City. for this segment of the workforce to live within Park This creates limited opportunities which tends to provide a lower wage rate. industry, City has a total of 485 deed the 2013, As of affordable housing. City has committed resources over the past 15 years to incentivize/subsidize result, Park restricted affordable units. efforts to address affordable housing are necessary The graph and map indicate that increased realized in PC Heights, Bonanza Park, and the Lower Park Redevelopment Area. Recognizing that it is impossible to locate all workers within the that it is impossible to locate all workers Area. Recognizing and the Lower Park Redevelopment realized in PC Heights, Bonanza Park, City as efficient, commute for those located outside of the the to make City should look into alternative modes of transportation the community, City’s provide transportation opportunities for the workforce, but for the Such alternative modes would not only green, and comfortable as possible. estimated three million annual visitors as well. Labor Shed Report -- Where Workers Live who are Employed in the are Employed who Live Workers -- Where Report Shed Labor SMALL TOWN 294 Park City, theBest Town A citizen-basedcommittee, calledthe and trafficcalmingprojects. a seriesoftrailconnections, sidewalks, project atHolidayRanchLoopaswell to theRail Trail, a Safe Routes to School and onBonanzaDrivefromIronHorse on Kearns Boulevard nearlocalschools Projects includedpedestriantunnels projects proposedbythestudy. dollar bondtofundthe36walkability In 2007, residentspasseda$15million walking andbikingsystemsinPark City. and increasetheefficiencyof and cyclistsafety, expandconnectivity, projects thatwouldimprovepedestrian to establishaclearanddetailedlistof and backcountry trails. The intentwas the surroundingsystemofoff-road within thebuiltenvironmentandnot study onlyconsideredstreetsandtrails suggestions forimprovements. The process, providedplanninganddesign bike-ability ofPark City, andinthe Design analyzedthewalkabilityand Study. The studybyLandmark Walkable/Bikeable Neighborhood In 2007, the City fundedthePark City TREND: Walkability for thePlanet (in thecaseofcul-de-sacs). The services of eachstreetintersection andendpoint services) locatedwithin a quarter-mile services (not justthetotalnumberof different typesofbasiccommercial The modellooked atthenumberof Commission inthe San Franciscoarea. Metropolitan Transportation Area Bay was adaptedfromoneusedbythe areas withinPark City. This model model wasusedtoidentifywalkable geographic informationsystem(GIS) As partofthe General Planupdate,a Index City Walkability Foundation. Safe Streets, andtheMountain Trails were Share theRoad, Coalition for that supportedthewalkabilityprogram infrastructure. Key communitygroups made toPark City’s walkingandbiking of recommendedimprovementstobe This inputresultedinanextensivelist account multiplepublicinputsessions. prioritization process,takinginto guide the City Council through the Committee (WALC), wasformed to Walking andBiking Advisory Liaison Distances inthemodelwere calculated and healthclubs,toname afew. stores, seniorcenters,supermarkets, convenience stores,hair care,hardware facilities, communitycenters,schools, included banks,postoffices,childcare SMALL TOWN 295 High WALKABILITY POTENTIAL WALKABILITY Pedestrian Destinations Pedestrian Projects WALC Completed Projects WALC Pending Low Potential Walkability Potential 12 using a network analysis, which analysis, using a network along the ¼-mile distance measured pathways major pedestrian streets and of types Once the number City. in Park intersection and of services for each up, an inverse endpoint was added (IDW) tool was used distance weighted number of services to interpolate the City. for all of Park shows that the areas The resulting map walkability are of greatest potential relatively walkable shown in deep red, areas in orange, and the not very walkable areas in yellow. projects Future redevelopment should place emphasis on pedestrian and bicycle circulation and safety One such to increase potential use. Corridor Jan’s to project is the “Dan’s the Study”, which seeks to improve Snow sidewalks and pathways from City Mountain Resort Creek to the Park The Bonanza Park Avenue. along Park Area Plan, with its proposed street grid and form based code, will improve the not only the connectivity between Snow Town, Old more walkable areas of but will also Creek and Prospector, commercial additional everyday provide services, raising the overall walkability score of this core area. SMALL TOWN 296 Park City, theBest Town CASE STUDY: A Look atRegional Planninginthe US a prescribedarea. containing urbandevelopment within seeks topreserveopenspaceby Urban Growth Boundary(UGB) Enacted inMay1973,Portland’s opportunities. space and/oragriculturalproducing areas thatshouldbeutilizedforopen boundaries asameanstoprotectthose as anexample ofimplementinggrowth Park City shouldlooktoPortland, Oregon Portland, Oregon of theregion’s overall qualityoflife. which contributetothe improvement alternative transportation methods, automobile dependence andpromotes and openspace.Moreover, itreduces development andprotectsrurallands within the UGB throughmixed-use initiative createshigherdensities UGB. Bybuildingup,notout,this core, andtransportationwithinthe land andbuildingswithintheurban development andredevelopment of roadways andsewersystems,the on existinginfrastructuresuchas concentrating fundsandresources tool promotesgreaterefficiencyby 13 This planning for thePlanet Higher landvaluesgeneratedby twenty (20) yearsupplyofland. ensure thatthe UGB encompassesa the landsupplyevery fiveyearsto manages the UGB program,reviewing the downtown. The Metro Council and revitalizing Main Street and big boxdevelopment, thusprotecting increased densityhavealsorestricted adding twenty(20) acresorless. expanded onlythreetimes,eachtime the late1970s,boundaryhasbeen 14 15 Since

open spacepurposes. open spacearoundthe City foragriculturaland Growth Boundary. The boundaryhaspreserved This imageillustratesthePortland Urban Margheim) Growth by Carl Abbott Boundary” and Joy - Orlo (quoted in“Imagining Portland’s Urban politically.” cally, metaphorically, abstractly, intellectually, numerous ways to examine UGB: analyti the - and how closely we live together…There are place determines that how partially we live thought of as aless tangible, more abstract urban the growth can be Likewise, boundary line, aknown quantity that specific. is highly ized, and perceived as afinite measurable intellectualized,experienced, conceptual- growthviewed, urban canbe boundary “The SMALL TOWN 297 Today, with the Pinelands Comprehensive Management Plan, the region is Comprehensive Management Plan, the region with the Pinelands Today, its unique ecology while permitting protected in a manner that maintains compatible development. 18 In 1979, the state formed a partnership with the In 1979, the state formed a partnership protect and federal government to preserve, resources of enhance the natural and cultural this special place. U.S. a In 1983 the area was designated an agency UNESCO, by Biosphere Reserve and in 1988 it was United Nations, of the recognized as a International Biosphere Reserve. Pinelands, Pinelands, Jersey New is an internationally Jersey New Pinelands, and preserving of protecting example recognized for future generations resources environmental use principles and regulatory by utilizing land protections. was (PNR) Reserve The Pinelands National Parks Congress under the National created by The PNR is the of 1978. Act and Recreation The PNR the nation. Reserve in first National 1.1 million acres encompasses approximately counties and all or of seven covering portions parts of 56 municipalities. region This internationally important ecological of 22% is 1.1 million acres in size and occupies land area. It is the largest body Jersey’s New seaboard of open space on the Mid-Atlantic and is underlain between Richmond and Boston some trillion gallons of by aquifers containing 17 of the purest water in the land. SMALL TOWN 298 renewable energypolicy. environmental management,and land useplanning,transportation, concentrated onfourlevels ofchange: cities in2,000squaremileshave change, Seattle andthirty-nine(39) Park City, theBest Town in 2006. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions since makingeffortstoreduceits leader insustainableplanning King County hasbecomeanational environmental goals. similar techniquestomeetthe City’s explore theopportunitytoimplement to actuallyreduceit.Park City should measure carbonfootprintbutalsohow public privatepartnershipstonotonly several examples ofhowtoutilize County,provides King Washington County,King Washington CASE STUDY: A look at Regional Planninginthe US (continued). reevaluated energyuseofitsown on foreignfossilfuels,as wellas energy thatreducedependency programs insupportofrenewable vehicles, createdinternalpoliciesand hybrid busesandplug-inelectric has introducedtwo-hundred(200) collaborative partnerships,King County 19 Preparingforclimate for thePlanet 20 Through emissions. Byreducingvehicles miles a significantimpacton reducing GHG transportation optionshave alsohad transit andpedestrian-friendly electricity emissions,butimproved has achieved lowerthanaverage of hydropowerresources,thecounty facilities andservices. 21 Through theuse GHT emissionsbelowtoday’s levels. of reducingeighty(80)percent ofits County isonitswaytoachieving itsgoal environmentally sensitiveareas,King conserving openspace,andprotecting travel andrestrainingurbansprawl, 22

SMALL TOWN 299

30 29 Today, eight percent Today, 15 Demands for development Demands for development 13 By improving connectivity between By improving connectivity between neighborhoods and suburban Atlanta is working communities, and towards reducing suburban sprawl automobile dependency by making their downtown areas more desirable places to work and live. have also inspired the remediation have also inspired brownfields, the of 1,100 acres of art along trails, as installation of public of 5,600 new well as the construction units and 50,000 workforce housing along corridors. new housing units downtown and Midtown from outlying and Midtown downtown creating communities, suburban for new mixed-use opportunities billion $20 and initiating development on 3,000 development of new economic land along the acres of under-utilized rail line. The plan divided 16,000 acres within The plan divided 16,000 acres within sub- half a mile of rail corridor into ten use, acres for master planning for land transportation improvements, and green space. (8%) of the land mass covered in (8%) of the land mass covered in the plan houses twenty-five percent of the residential population. (25%) Transit-oriented Transit-oriented 28 development, while protecting Sarasota Sarasota while protecting development, existing natural resources, County’s supply. lands, and water agricultural Atlanta & Beltline Planning City of Area City are on and Park Atlanta While the spectrum when it opposite sides of City and size, the comes to population the efforts that the should still look at and the Beltline Planning Atlanta City of in terms of utilizing Area have put forth roads and trails to historic rail lines, connect neighborhoods. Atlanta has set a new precedence miles by reclaiming twenty-two (22) the of historic rail lines surrounding city to create a network of public parks as well as multi-use trails and transit connecting forty-five (45) communities. development directs connections into directs connections into development

24 Housing, Using 26 25 Sarasota 2050 Plan 2050 Sarasota be a Florida plan could Sarasota, The in terms City for Park good resource and wildlife open space of protecting incorporation of corridors via the development. Sarasota, Florida, In the early 2000s, plan that introduced a controversial open space and wildlife seeks to protect of the development corridors through mixed-use communities. high-density, an incentive-based structure in the an incentive-based structure in the Area (RMA), Management Resource year plan seeks to develop the fifty (50) universal blocks that accommodate public and civic focal points and neighborhood-oriented retail through mixed-use development. from affordable to estate, is located from affordable to estate, is located within a quarter mile radius of neighborhood centers that include schools, parks, and public facilities. along Higher density development interconnected streets has led to increased employment and housing These cluster villages and hamlets These cluster villages less are surrounded by greenways, no feet wide, than five-hundred (500) that protect wildlife and allow them State to migrate between Myakka and Oscar Scherer Parks. NATURAL

300 SETTING Park City, theBest Town the future. source foropenspaceacquisitioninto increase willcreateanongoingrevenue and Main Street improvements. This tax tosupportopenspaceacquisitions 0.25% increaseintheresortcitysales the residentsofPark City approveda of Park City. Morerecently, in2012, bonds wereapprovedbytheresidents within three(3)separateopenspace Since 1998,forty(40)milliondollars Space TREND: Open Total 2006 2002 1998 Year open spaceyou go through to get “What defines town’‘small the is Jack Thomas, Architect e.” re e h t for $40 Million $20 Million $10 Million $10 Million Amount Bond thePlanet open spaceland. preserve recreation recreational usesand District istopermit The purposeoftheROS undisturbed. remain fundamentally promote openlandsto POS Districtisto The purposeofthe open space. undeveloped public purpose ofproviding Corporation forthe Municipal Park City currently ownedby Open Space isproperty by PCMC. may ornotbeheld title oftheseproperties and prohibitiveuses.Fee values, permitteduses identifying conservation rights, inadditionto removing development covenant, permanently a thirdpartyrestrictive been encumberedwith are propertiesthathave Conservation Easements Open Space Protected Open Space (POS) Space Protected Open Recreation and Open Space (ROS) Conservation Easement City Limit OPEN SPACE NATURAL SETTING

301

2010 -2012 2010

2000 - 2009 - 2000

1990 - 1999 - 1990 1980 - 1989 - 1980 Open Space Open 0 Total Acres of Acquired Acquired of Acres Total

6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 Acres NATURAL

302 SETTING Park City, theBest Town as Salt Lake City andother Utah activities. Parkiteswillnot bealone environment, aswell everyday agriculture, biodiversity andthenatural normal climatefeature,impacting usage. Droughtwillbecomeamore will likely becreatedtolimitwater exceeds supply, additionalregulations quality oflife. As water demand change adaptationwillinfluence water managementandclimate and theregion’s wateravailability, As climatechangelimitssnowfall for wildlife. water available in ourstreamsandrivers environment, lesseningtheamountof will haveaprofoundimpactonour and secondaryresidentpopulations water consumptionbygrowingprimary upon the City’s watersupply. Greater the Oaks, therewillbegreaterdemands such asFlagstaff, Quinn,BaldEagleand consumes undeveloped neighborhoods water. As residentialdevelopment Meadows, currentlyconsumethemost out areas,suchas Old Town andPark trends through2050. The mostbuilt The chartaboveshowswaterdemand Demand TREND: Water for thePlanet from thesewatershortages. Mountain snowpack,willalsosuffer communities, dependentonRocky no lifewithoutwater. mother andmedium. There is Water islife’s materandmatrix,

Residential Equivalents (REs) 10000 12000 6000 4000 8000 2000 Table basedonPark City definitionof RE, 1RE=PDD1,600gallons/day. 0 Park City ProjectedResidential Equivalents(REs) 0021 0023 002050 2040 2030 2020 2010 2000

Park City Projected Residential Equivalents (RE's) Equivalents Residential Projected City Park -Albert Szent-Gyorgyi

Year NATURAL SETTING 303 19,515 20,250 292,000 : 2 4500 sq ft footprint 4500 : 1 5 Unit Dwelling 75’x 75’ lot 75’ 75’x Unit Dwelling 5 : 3 18,774 97,116 292,000 844 sq ft footprint Old Town 25’x 75’ Lot 75’ 25’x Town Old 740,880 255,626 292,000 1,400 sq ft footprint gallons assumed daily use with 3.2 person household. 250 Assuming all non-building portions of the land is watered. Water use assumptions based on Utah State University Extension Services and University Extension State Utah Water use assumptions based on all non-building portions of the land is watered. Assuming Based on average household size of 3.2 persons per unit Home with 1 acre of land 2 3 1 the Utah Water Conservation Forum Water Utah the INTERIOR GALLONS USED PER HOUSEHOLD PER YEAR USED PER HOUSEHOLD PER GALLONS INTERIOR EXTERIOR GALLONS USED TO WATER LANDSCAPE PER YEAR PER LANDSCAPE WATER TO USED GALLONS EXTERIOR TOTAL GALLONS USED PER PERSON PER YEAR USED PER PERSON PER GALLONS TOTAL TREND: Water Consumption per Land Use Density Land per Consumption Water TREND: NATURAL

304 SETTING Park City, theBest Town Department (SCHD) completedafour In 2010, the Summit County Health maintaining thehighquality ofourair. City arecommittedtomonitoringand Nevertheless, Summit County andPark pushing thefrontoversummit. occasionally duetostrongwinds inversion onlyenters Summit County inversion, studieshavefoundthatthe the dangersof Salt Lake County’s threatens ecosystemdiversity. Despite degrades forestsandcrops, streams, depletessoilofitsnutrients, increases theacidityofourlakes and other repertoryillnesses.PM2.5also heart attacks,aggravatedasthma,and including irregularheartbeat,nonfatal can leadtoanumberofhealthdefects, haze andcreatesoot. These particles less, whichareoftenfoundinsmoke or particles, measuring2.5microgramsor on thenumberofPM2.5airborne County airquality. These studiesrely Salt Lake County’s inversionon Summit inversions todeterminetheimpactsof Basin duringwintertimetemperature Quinn’s Junction andthe Snyderville Studies havebeenconductedin Quality TREND: Air for thePlanet dust storm. or exceededmoderatelevels dueto a 112 dayssampled,thelevels reached levels ofPM2.5;however, ontwoofthe the twositesexperiencedrelativelylow Samples collecteddailyshowedthat Quinn’s Junction and Old RanchRoad. to April 2010 tostudyPM2.5levels at month studyfromDecember2009 were higherat Old RanchRoad thanat the resultsindicatedthat PM2.5levels Groups (Red) for Sensitive Unhealthy Moderate (Yellow) Moderate (Green) Good (Green) AQl Notification Air Quality IndexLevels BasedonPM2.5 3 Eightypercent(80%)of Concentrations &Health Advisories 35.5 to55.4 25.5 to35.4 15.5 to25.4 0 -15.4 PM2.5 Concentration 2

Light, Green Light”programtoreduce Environmental Quality (DEQ) has a “Red Furthermore, the Utah Departmentof was minimal. when theconcentrationatbothsites surpassed Old RanchRoad onlyondays Quinn’s Junction samples matchedor to 4.4ug/m3at Quinn’s Junction. averaging adaily5.5ug/m3compared Quinn’s Junction with Old RanchRoad exertion outdoors. prolonged orheavy children) shouldreduce disease, theelderly, and with respiratoryorheart Sensitive people(those None None None Health Advisory 4

NATURAL SETTING 305 to address development patterns and patterns and to address development affect transportation infrastructure will air quality for years to come. Air quality in Park City is influenced by Air quality in Park border. City’s factors outside of Park land use and transportation Regional quality decisions will influence the air City for the years to within Park planning Collective regional come. Through this study, the Through this study, 4 chimneys regularly. regularly. chimneys snow blower. Energy be products and appliances should possible. used whenever Clean wood stove pipes and T no toxic spray cans. Water paints should be used. Use a snow shovel, rather than a maintain your vehicle to ensure Vehicles should not be efficiency. left idling. T participate in a car share or carpool program to reduce vehicle trips. R

DEQ recommends that residents take that residents take DEQ recommends to help the following considerations air quality: maintain and improve • • Star orotherefficient • uselesstoxicor o conserveenergy, • • -based, ratherthanoil-based, • publictransportation,or ake • educe vehiculartripsaswell airborne pollutants. The DEQ has The DEQ pollutants. airborne daily activities the impacts of measured that vehicles finding quality, to our air area sources quality by 57%; impact air small businesses, including homes, 32%; and and buildings contribute influence our air industry point sources quality by 11%. NATURAL

306 SETTING City. Park City, theBest Town 790,645 annualtons CO community carbonfootprintrevealed and reducingthisimpact. The 2007 recognize theimportanceoftracking carbon footprintandcontinuesto in Utah tocalculateitscommunity Park City wasthefirstcommunity sustainability. resiliency, qualityoflife,andlong-term Park City lifeincludingeconomic indicative ofmanycomponents our communitycarbonfootprintis issues. As such,therelativesizeof to environmentalandpublichealth independence goals,andcontribution to energypriceinflation, depletion offiniteresources,exposure to amyriadofotherissuessuchas Carbon emissionsarecloselytied contributing toglobalclimatechange. measure ofhowmuchacommunityis A carbonfootprintisnotjusta Footprint TREND: Community Carbon (CO tons CO tons waste generation. This equates to 98 natural gas,vehicletransportation,and categories ofairlinetravel,electricity, 2 6 e) emittedacrosstheprimary 2 e perfull-timeresidentof Park for thePlanet 2 -equivalent which isroughly30tons CO and alsohigherthanthe Utah average, City islargerthanthe U.S. average The percapitacarbonfootprintofPark provided aspartofthefull community but roughcomparisons have been due tothevariousmethodologies used, between communitiesis challenging resident. Comparing carbonfootprints Park City – 2007 Community Carbon Footprint 2007Community Carbon – Park City 2 e per The high CO The and drivingeconomicsuccess. Other reliance onairtravelfor visitingguests infrastructure needs,plus ahistorical economy withsignificant energyand factors. These includearobusttourism City residentistheresultofnumerous carbon footprintreport. 2 e outputperfull-timePark 7 NATURAL SETTING 307 2020 15% Reduction from 2005 Levels from 2005 15% Reduction Park City made the decision to include Park airline travel in its community carbon Some communities have footprint. excluded airline emissions unless had an airport within municipal they made boundaries, but the decision was for these emissions to be accountable play in due to the direct role they These shaping our local economy. Sphere of emissions fall outside the Year Business as Usual 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 Forecast Park City GHG Emissions and 15% Reduction Target and 15% GHG Emissions Reduction City ParkForecast 200,000 800,000 400,000 600,000

1,200,000 1,000,000 GHG Emmisions (tCO2e) Emmisions GHG Larger home sizes, significant plug Larger home sizes, significant electronics, appliances, loads (e.g., requiring etc.), and other devices energy such as rooftop and driveway high snowmelt systems are drivers of Park per capita residential emissions. natural City also has a high demand for related gas due to a colder climate and heating demands, but this is partially summers by cooler counter-balanced and a lesser need for air conditioning.

2

9 “Sphere 8 e emitted per 2 reduction, it is important to recognize reduction, it is important fall under the those factors that The of Influence” of a community. includes aspects Sphere of Influence that local citizens of a carbon footprint The have a strong ability to influence. Sphere of Influence for Park primary City residents includes residential electricity and natural gas consumption, choices plus our personal transportation Commercial and waste generation. energy consumption also falls under Sphere of Influence, but to a the lesser degree than direct residential behaviors. City households consume roughly Park of electricity 12,400 kilowatt-hours per and 166 dekatherms of natural gas totals These utility customer annually. higher are respectively 12.5% and 122% and than national residential averages CO result in 21.3 tons of When calculating a community carbon When calculating CO strategies for footprint and devising major factors include a high percentage percentage include a high major factors electricity being residents, of part-time fuels, and derived from fossil primarily significant that requires a cold climate needs. natural gas for heating household from at-home energy use. household from at-home NATURAL

308 SETTING in theamountof CO totals areleadingtoasteadyincrease capita emissions,globalemission Despite theserelativelysmallper by theaveragePark City resident. much smallerthanthatcontributed Park City, theBest Town have witnessedto-date. The U.S. for theplanetarywarming we human activityislargely responsible There isscientificconsensus that CO tons 5 emissions, estimatedtobearound priorities. Current globalpercapita depends oncommunitygoalsand The answertothisquestionlargely community carbonfootprint? What isthe“right”sizeforour intensive activities. reflect acurrentdependencyonenergy- Influence oflocalactivities,butdo (continued) Footprint TREND: Community Carbon each year. 40% increase) andcontinuetorise (ppm) tonearly400ppm(aroughly increased from280partspermillion industrial revolution, CO industrial atmosphere. Since thestartof 2 10 perpersonannually, are 2 for registeredinthe thePlanet 2 levels have NATURAL SETTING 309 The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) compiled all annual global (NOAA) Administration Atmospheric Oceanic and The National Within this graph the El Nino (typically warmer) and la nina - 2011. temperatures trends from 1950 The trend shows warming global temperatures despite (typically colder) years are represented. factors such as El Nino and La Nina. influences of natural the short-term and La Niña. ño Sustainability (1987) United Nations definition of the present without “Meeting the needs of “Meeting the needs meet their own needs.” meet their own needs.” of future generations to of future generations compromising the ability compromising the ability Considering the United Nations’ Considering the it is clear definition of sustainability, and, that the global rate of emissions emissions City’s by extension, Park what could be deemed are beyond “sustainable” for promoting stable climatic conditions. National Academy of Sciences, along Sciences, of Academy National national (31) other with thirty-one the world, from around academies the consensus that the have confirmed and greenhouse gas Earth is warming driver of the higher emissions are a following graphic The temperatures. temperature displays global annual reflects and 1950 anomalies since warming, despite the continued global natural factors influences of short-term such as El Ni NATURAL

310 SETTING Park City, theBest Town the situationthey mayaskthe helpof If the City isunabletofullyaddress and theinitialperiodof the emergency. cause theemergencyto bedeclared, threatened, variousconditionswhich the natureofemergency, theareas emergency declarationthatwillstate disaster, andthemayormay issuean the event ofanemergencyornatural The City will bethefirsttorespondin community toitsnormalstateofaffairs. a recoverysystemthatwillreturnour appropriate responses,andestablish departments willrespondandtheir preserve life,determinewhich effects ofanemergencyordisaster, is toprovideasystemmitigatethe Emergency ProgramManager(EPM), Office), whichisadministeredbythe from theEmergencyManagement plan (availableatthe City websiteor should itoccur. The purposeofthis departments throughsuchanevent that willhelpguidethe City andits Emergency ManagementPlan(CEMP) a Comprehensive has Park City challenges ofournaturalenvironment, any time.Inanefforttoadaptthe Emergencies anddisasterscanstrike at TREND: EmergencyPlanning for thePlanet distribution ofvegetation; flammability based ontheamount,type, and (NFPA) haveidentifiedtheseregions National FireProtection Association threatened bytheriskofwildfire. The land andhumandevelopment, is a transitionalzonebetweenunoccupied The City’swildlife urbaninterface(WUI), in thetablebelow. potential hazardsandrisksareoutlined as severe ofathreat. A list ofthese and otherlocalemergenciespose are ofimmediateconcern,earthquakes While wildfiresandextremesnowfall or risksthatareuniquetoourregion. faces anumber City ofpotentialhazards Because ofouruniquelocation,Park effectively atthetimeofanemergency. hazards, aswellas,manageresources officials anddepartmentstoplanforall and recoverystepsthatwillpermitcity of mitigation,preparedness,response, well-documented andtimelysystem The CEMP guidesthe City througha will assistshouldthe State requireit. and finallythefederalgovernment Summit County, thenthe State of Utah, embers, itiscrucialthat property from directflamesbut wind-driven structures in WUIs arenotdestroyed of roadconstruction.Because most topography; hydrology;andtypes fire pronevegetation;weatherpatterns; of structures;proximitystructuresto Land. Jordanelle Reservor andnearby Forest Service City consumedover500 acresoflandnearthe In June 2011, wildfires ten (10)milesfromPark nature's inexorableimperative.“ “Adapt orperish,nowasever, is --H.G. Wells NATURAL SETTING 311 Risk Priority/Chance of Priority/Chance Medium High High High High Low Medium Low Medium Low Low Low High Low Low Medium High established Operating Standard in case of an Procedures (SOP) In the emergency or natural disaster. this department of an emergency, event will work closely with the Engineering and Building Departments to provide Potential Hazards/Risks Potential Bio Hazard/Infectious Disease Bio Hazard/Infectious Cyber Security Cyber Drought Earthquake Disruptions/Other Local Emergencies Explosions/Utility Temps Extreme Flood Hailstorm/Lightning Materials Hazardous/Toxic High Wind Storm/Tornado Mudslide/Landslide Radiological Incident Snow Storm Severe Attack Terrorist Failure Collection Water Waste Contamination Water Wild Fire to develop the “Unified Plan” for to develop Orleans. Needless to rebuilding New recovery has been slow. say, other city departments, the Like has City Planning Department Park In 13 Ward th some cases, miscommunication led to some cases, miscommunication the demolition of historic structures. time City also spent considerable The working with downtown neighborhoods owners prune vegetation to limit vegetation owners prune the ground, to six feet from overhangs limit vegetation leaf clutter, remove decks, as well buildings and growth on away from structures. as store firewood architectural design dictates Moreover, overhangs, double- the use of enclosed fire resistant building paned glass, and cement, plaster, materials such as the prevent and masonry to stucco, City Departments will spread of fire. the effects of wildfire work to mitigate the safe evacuation as well as ensure State Road City residents along of Park South- 224 State Road North, 224 248. State Road Guardsman Pass, and Natural Disasters such as Hurricane Katrina have emphasized the need and for effective disaster preparation five years after management. In 2010, Lower 9 the city’s the disaster, continued to be impacted by high continued to be impacted by high vacancy rates, abandoned houses, to and neighborhood blight. Hoping depleted neighborhoods, Mayor revive Mitch Landrieu began razing and to clearing some 40,000 lots in order way for new development. make NATURAL

312 SETTING Park City, theBest Town After theemergencystatus hasbeen timely rebuildingofthe community. clauses toensurethesuccessful and temporary housingcriteria andsunset Moreover, Planning Staff willestablish to concernsmadebythegeneralpublic. field unitobservationandinresponse initial situationordamagereportsper for thePlanet Utah Seismic HazardMap greatest damagewilllikely occur in In theevent ofanaturaldisaster, the through itsurbanlandscape. instrumental inredefining ourcity the PlanningDepartmentwillbe to pre-disasterday-to-dayfunctions, governmental agencieshavereturned deactivated anddepartments develop andadoptthisdisasterplan. Emergency ProgramManager(EPM)to Department willworkcloselywiththe our historicbuildings. The Planning preservation andreconstructionof infrastructure repairtoensurethe zoning fornewhousing,andprioritizing repair permits,demolitionrequests, following thedisasterfortemporary This planwillalsoaddressprocesses structures followingthedisasteraswell. to evaluate theconditionofhistoric be createdtohelpvolunteersandstaff building conditionassessmentformwill landmark andsignificantstructures. A Planning Staff toprioritizesaving resources willbepivotalinaiding comprehensive surveys ofourhistoric the event ofanaturaldisaster. Existing address historicstructuresandsitesin will worktodevelop adisasterplanto for this,thePlanningDepartment our historicdistricts.Inpreparation NATURAL SETTING 313 The seismic risk-zone map The seismic risk-zone of the from the 1992 Report Government Accounting shows the (GAO) Office geographic spread of hazards the earthquake confronting the Nation. NATURAL

314 SETTING Park City, theBest Town Fox by Cheryl A Citizen’s Perspective: Citizens Allied forResponsible Growth (CARG) inReview luxury development. On theother changing itsbusinessfrom miningto its shareholdersbyfundamentally City Mineswasdoingitsbest toserve proposal. On oneside, United Park fight overtheFlagstaff Annexation This potentialconflictexplodedinthe rights todevelop them. someone withboththeplansand quiet trailsweenjoyedbelongedto pastures, theopenhillsides,and most ofushadnoideathatthegreen but thesehadnotyetbeenbuilt,and face andmakeup ofourcommunity, projects thatwouldforever changethe development approvalsformassive City and Summit County hadgranted years from1985-1990,bothPark individuals. Duringthelong,slow business andmanyprominent slump thathaddevastated local starting tocomeoutofaneconomic In themid1990’s Park City wasjust “Forget aboutyourlibertiesandthey will goaway.” for Thomas Jefferson thePlanet often vilified,denigrated, andattacked out againstthedevelopment, wewere As CARG members begantospeak Daly Canyon wasworththeexchange. Annexation promised,andthelossof luxury development thattheFlagstaff that theeconomyneededtypeof businesses. Manyofthembelieved had investedtheirsavingsandbuilt to Park City inthe1970’s asskibums those days. The menwhohadcome was alsomuchmoreself-contained in The establishedpowerin City Hall and take notice. development forcedallofustositup of thislandthreatenedwithmassive as skitownlocals. To find1,376acres telemark gear, andfoundouridentities our ill-breddogs,learnedtouse is nowknown,waswhereweallwalked Old Town. Daly Canyon, orEmpire,asit CARG livedandworked inPark City, in smaller then.Mostofthemembers The communityinPark City wasmuch mountain lifestyle. landscapes thatformedthebasisofour in Park City werefightingtosavethe side, thepeoplewholivedandworked Company’s plansbecauseit hadbeen no righttospeakagainst theMine members weretoldthat we had But itwasn’talwayslike this. CARG community activities. nonprofits thatsupportsomanygreat the view, andgetinvolvedwiththe newcomers toslowdown,enjoy advanced degrees,andweencourage many skibumsandwait-people have been intown;wenowrecognizethat people bythelengthoftimethey’ve conversations. We nolongerjudge standard forallofourcommunity’s insistence oncivilitysetanongoing development process.Infact, CARG’s seen assuchapositiveforceinthe perhaps thereasonthat CARG isnow This commitmenttostickissuesis the generalplansdidnotpermit. seemed willingtoapprovethingsthat the developer ortheofficialswho attacking theindividualsrepresenting made apointofNEVERinsultingor on theissuesandsoftpeople, clearly byDana Williams tobehard idealistic principalsarticulatedmost personally. We, however, drivenby NATURAL SETTING 315 wouldn’t have been possible if we’d possible if we’d wouldn’t have been always easy. been mean. It wasn’t beers after a meeting, Sometimes over complimentary to our we were not very these public we kept opposition, but in Most of us knew opinions to ourselves. City stay here in Park that we wanted to to live with those and we would have the other side of the people who sat at table. Because we were respectful, many of those people have now spoken come to have to us about how they And some of those people respect us. are now good friends. what community development That’s should be about. Cheryl Fox March 2012 Growth for Responsible Allied Citizens Wyman, was founded by Rich (CARG) Williams, David Dana Cheryl Fox, Stan Murnin, Liz Hoey, Carole Staley, Critchfield. Anne Christensen, and CARG was also supported by a countless number of other individuals throughout the years. Annexation Agreement of 1999. The The Agreement of 1999. Annexation that we now Empire Pass Development more contained see is a much smaller, that it would have been development We were effective without our efforts. We homework. because we did our Plans, General the studied the laws, of the and the various iterations agreement with attention development focused on helping We to details. by City say no to the developer the concentrating on the concrete issues traffic impacts and pollution, and like wildlife not on the “emotional” ones like or the wisdom of building at 8,000 because these feet above sea level, emotional views could not form the actions. City’s basis for the process is development the Today different thanks to our challenges Codes have been and our requests. clarified, and the process has been and modified to help both developers it the community understand what wanted. CARG maintained civility as a Because top priority in all of our efforts, we are left with a sense of community that here for a hundred years and we were here for a hundred enjoyed who had just n’er-do’-wells for property Company’s the Mine told that CARG members were free. done nothing for the community we’d of us were working (although many ski industry jobs to two or three or four the most insidious pay the rent). But people who told criticism came from us that we were wasting our time. said, that they There was no way, us could stand in the way of “kids” like Money. Progress/Development/Big and All of these criticisms were wrong, when easy to laugh at them now, it’s serve CARG members have gone on to County government from City and in Planning Commission, to City Council, Advisory Board, and to the Recreation that to found nonprofit organizations help preserve the quality of life that so unique. But at the City Park makes Sometimes time, these insults hurt. This is still a small town. still do. they we The real estate agent who told us still were just rabble is still here, and I wonder if he feels the same way. positive CARG did have a In the end, influence on the final the Flagstaff SENSE OF COMMUNITY 316 Park City, theBest Town Park City islocatednearthreeother areas surroundingthese municipalities. Francis, aswelltheunincorporated Kamas, Coalville, Oakley,Henefer,and population of Summit County livesin area inthe County. The remaining people, makingitthemostpopulated two-thirds of Summit County’s 36,324 around Park City accounted for roughly of 24,696. The populationlivinginand City, thegreaterareahadapopulation and geographicallylinked withPark Basin, whichisculturally, economically unincorporated areaofthe Snyderville had apopulationof7,558.Includingthe time ofthe2010 US Census, Park City the Heber Valley to thesouth. At the north, theKamas Valley totheEastand bordered bythe Snyderville Basintothe the baseofmountains,Park City is Wasatch MountainRange. Situated at considered theareatoeastof known asthe Wasatch Back,generally It isanimportantcityintheregion located innorthern Wasatch County. a smallportionorthemunicipality with Summit County,western Utah, Park City isamunicipalitylocatedin Park City of TREND: Geography for thePlanet Wasatch County arecloselylinked, City. The economies ofPark City and 23,530, halfofwhomlived inHeber the south,hada2010 populationof Utah counties. Wasatch County, to Great Salt Lake Salt Great 215 DAVIS COUNTY 15 80 SALT COUNTY LAKE UTAH COUNTY MORGAN COUNTY East Canyon Res. East Canyon Snyderville Basin Snyderville geographically closetoPark City, most 9,469. While Morgan County is north liesMorgan County, population stock ofaffordablehousing. To the as thecountyoffersamuchlarger 189 Park City Park Deer Creek Res. Creek Deer 80 Jordanelle Res. Jordanelle Rockport Res. Rockport Echo Res. Echo SUMMITCOUNTY 40 WASATCH COUNTY Miles 0 2.5 5 10 NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY

317 Precipitation (Inches) Precipitation 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Temperature Lower Boreal/Microthermal climates, Lower Boreal/Microthermal climates, characterized by warm dry summers The average and cold snowy winters. temperatures of the four warmest degrees summer months is above 50 Fahrenheit, but below 71 degrees Fahrenheit. Month Precipitation & Snowfall Park City Average Monthly Climate Monthly Average City Park JFMAMJJASOND 0

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

100 Average Temperature (Degrees Fahrenheit) (Degrees Temperature Average Summers are very dry. With an average Summers are very dry. July is the monthly rainfall of 1.2 inches, Climate scientists use driest month. temperature and precipitation statistics climate to determine a location’s The most common classification. Koppen classification system is the City has a Dsb climate, or system. Park of the population lives closer to Weber Weber to lives closer of the population the Ogden and city of the County, Park To municipalities. surrounding home County, Lake Salt is west City’s capital, and the largest to the state’s City Park Utah. Economically, city in Valley, Salt Lake the is closely tied to City Salt Lake the and is included in Metropolitan Statistical Area (a US County Salt Lake Census designation). a population of 1,029,655, had a 2010 Salt The total 2,763,885. Utah’s third of City Lake Metropolitan Statistical Area, Summit and Salt Lake, which includes population a 2010 Counties, had Tooele of 1,124,197. climate is characterized City’s Park by warm summers and cold winters. to weather data from According Center, Climate Data the National the warmest month, averaged over with an average July, 40 years, was daily temperature of 64 degrees the coldest Conversely, Fahrenheit. with an average January, month is degrees daily temperature of 22 The wettest months are Fahrenheit. when the main form during the winter, The average of precipitation is snow. monthly snowfall and precipitation where an January, is the largest in City. average of 37 inches fall on Park SENSE OF COMMUNITY 318 Park City, theBest Town agriculture ismostcommon inthis cottonwoods inriparian areas.Irrigated include Great Basinsagebrushaswell as Natural vegetationinthese areas Valleys andthe Snyderville Basin. valleys includetheHeberandKamas the Uinta and Wasatch ranges. These foothills andplateausthatseparate unforested valleys foundbetweenthe subregion. These arelarge,flat, subregions istheMountain Valleys around Park City. The firstofthese are 7subregions,threeofwhichoccur Wasatch Back. Within thisecoregions valleys aremuchmorecommoninthe than the Wasatch Back. Agricultural more rugged,butreceivesrain (the Wasatch Front),issteeperand western sideofthe Wasatch Mountains valleys ofthesemountainranges. The glaciers createdthepeaks,foothillsand Uinta Mountainsecoregion. Ancient in ecoregion19,calledthe Wasatch and the United States. Park City islocated to classifydifferentecosystemsacross environmental agenciesuseecoregions Protection Agency andotherfederal In addition,the US Environmental Park City of TREND: Geography for thePlanet birch. Aspens, Engelmannspruce, willowsand Vegetation includesDouglas-firs, along withmanyperennialstreams. Glacial morainesandlakes arecommon mountain tops,ridgesandplateaus. subregion ismostlyforestedslopes, the Wasatch Mountain Zone. This The last,andhighest,subregionis terrain, whichallowsforwaterstorage. from higherelevations, anditshilly to waterfromstreamsandrunoff in thissubregion,duetoitsaccess Jordanelle) areacommonoccurrence Hill and Glenwild. Reservoirs (like the areas, suchasRound Valley, Masonic trails runthroughsemiaridfoothill in thissubregion.InPark City, many the mostcommonformofagriculture in thissubregion.Livestockgrazingis maples arecommontypeofvegetation sagebrush, mountainmahoganyand of 8,000feet. Gambel Oak, juniper, Mountains, typicallyuptoelevations lower slopesofthe Wasatch and Uinta This subregioncoversthefoothillsand is the Semiarid Foothillssubregion. subregion. Above themountainvalleys,

NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 319 2 included in the census’s population included in the census’s City statistics, the growth rate for Park would undoubtedly be much greater. much more expensive than in the areas much more expensive than in the surrounding the City in County Summit Third, the County). Wasatch (and even take census population figures only full time residents. If the into account number of second homeowners were

1 According to the 2010 decennial census, decennial to the 2010 According City had a population of 7,558, Park 3%) people (or 187 an increase of only This of 7,371. population from the 2000 lower is much growth, or lack thereof, growth rates seen in than population the population of Park the past. In 1990 and grew by 2,903 City was only 4,468 1990 and in the decade between (65%) population City’s Indeed, Park 2000. has seen very high population growth since 1970 with an average rates ever decennial growth rate of 87%. TREND: Population TREND: Although Park City’s population City’s Although Park growth rate has slowed, people County. Summit continue to move to Summit Between 1990 and 2000, population increased by 92% County’s In the 65%). City’s to Park (compared to 2000, decade, from 2010 previous population grew by 22% County’s the There are 3%). City’s to Park (compared choose a number of reasons why people County instead of Park Summit to live in City has become First, land in Park City. City approaches much scarcer as the Second, because of their its buildout. City are homes in Park land and scarcity, SENSE OF COMMUNITY 320 Park City, theBest Town female populationcontinued togrow, (less thana1%change), whilethe population actuallyshrunk bysixpeople 61%. Between2000 and2010, themale 68%, whilefemalepopulationgrewby and 2000, malepopulationgrewby been verydifferent.Between1990 City’s maleandfemalepopulationhas since 1990. The growthrateofPark percent splithasremainedconstant 47% (3,563)werefemale. This 53/47 Park City’s populationweremalewhile than females.In2010, 53%(3,995)of There aremoremalesinPark City interesting trends. population, whichreveals additional, a detailedbreakdown ofPark City’s ages 85andover. The resultsshow years ofageandendingwithpeople created, startingwithpeopleunder5 pyramids, 5-yearagecohortswere constructed. ForPark City’s population age cohortsforagivenarea)canbe and femalepopulationofdifferent pyramid (agraphdepictingthemale lines. Using thisdata,apopulation City’s populationalongageandgender The decennialcensusalsorecordsPark Gender and TREND: Age for thePlanet (roughly 4yearsolderthan in2000). In median ageoffemalesin 2010 was38.1 5 yearsolderthanin2000), whilethe age ofmalesin2010 was36.8(roughly both gendersgotolder. The median was 34.2.Inthefollowingdecade, was 31.6andthemedianageoffemales older. In2000, themedianageofmales However, bothgendersaregetting is youngerthanthefemalepopulation. In general,Park City’s malepopulation but atamuchlowerrateof6%. 3 year-olds in 2000, thatthelargestage expect, giventhelargenumber of25-29 done at10-yearintervals, wewould than in2010). Becausethecensusis largest in2000, with783people(more Interestingly, thiscohortwasalsothe year-old cohort,with680people. cohorts inPark City wasthe25-29 In 2010, thelargestofallage 2010. population was32.7in2000 and37.4in all, themedianageofallPark City’s 4 NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 321 In addition, people In addition, 11 age 50 and over are much more likely to more likely and over are much age 50 expect should We buy second homes. age in over 65 to see more growth population grows City’s cohorts as Park as more of the baby-boomers and older, homes here retire, and who own second City year-round. Park decide to live in quite small in 2000, are now much more are now much in 2000, quite small population on the 2010 pronounced “ski bum” as the original pyramid, aged. generation

10

7 In 2000, the In 2000, 8 By 2010, the median age the median age By 2010, 9 increased much more, to 37.4. increased much Looking at the population pyramid for Looking at the population “bulge” ranging 1990, we see a large to the 45 cohort year-old from the 25-29 This bulge most cohort. to 49 year-old represents the young people who likely City in the 1970s and moved to Park City became such a 1980s, before the expensive well-known resort town (with people in these The real estate). were cohorts, presumably because they good able to buy cheap homes and find the City (unlike jobs, stayed in Park youth of 2000). population Looking at the 2000 only pyramid, we see the same bulge, this time, for age cohorts ten years and 55-59 age In fact, the 50-54 older. cohort grew at the fastest rate during the decade between 1990 and 2000, This respectively. at 268% and 237%, The 55-59, 60- trend continued in 2010. age cohorts, which were 64 and 65-69 males and highlights another important important highlights another males and the City: trend in Park demographic its population. aging of median age increased only slightly median age increased to 32.7. In 1990, the median age of Park City’s City’s age of Park In 1990, the median residents was 31.3. 6

5 By gender, the 25-29 year-old age year-old the 25-29 By gender, in cohort was the largest for males age year-old while the 50-54 2010, This cohort was the largest for females. cohort was the second largest among cohort in 2010 would be the 35-39 year- be the 35-39 would 2010 cohort in age cohort was this olds. Nonetheless, containing only in 2010, much smaller although The same trend, people. 525 among Park occurs not as pronounced, year -olds. 20-24 City’s It appears that over the long term, It appears that over not choose to stay in young people do for a Many may move here City. Park the outdoor lifestyle, few years to enjoy else to but then move somewhere career or a family. start a professional may be moving to some place They can with cheaper housing so that they instead afford to purchase their homes of continuing to rent. In addition, City, some may be moving out of Park The but staying in the general area. Snyderville Basin had a large population (1,264) in 2010, of 35-39 year-olds for the more than enough to account there City; however decrease in Park is no way of knowing if these people Snyderville Basin from moved to the or from some other place. City, Park SENSE OF COMMUNITY 322

Park City, theBest Town mostly tomigration,or people moving our populationgrowthwas dueinpart This contradictiondoes suggest that grew, albeitonlyslightly. 2000 and2010 Park City’s population age cohorts. On thecontrary, between there arefarlesspeopleintheyounger our populationwascontracting,since 2000 pyramid,youwouldguessthat population pyramids.Ifyoulookatthe population basedontheshapeofits It ishardtogeneralizeaboutPark City’s Age Gender and TREND: Age 85 and over and 85 60 to 60 64 40 40 44 to 80 80 84 to 65 to 69 20 to24 45 to 49 25to 29 50 to 54 to 50 Under 5 Under 55 to 59 to 55 30 to 34 30 10 10 14 to 35 to 39 35to 15 to 15to 19 70 to 74 to 70 75 to 79 5 to 9 to 5 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 Park City Population, 1990 Population, City Park 150 100 50 Population 0 for 50 thePlanet 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Female Male were thoseolderthan45-49. The the onlyagecohortsthat grewinsize occurring. Between2000 and 2010, shrink. This trendmayalready be cohorts growandtheyoungerones to seethepopulationofourolderage to movePark City, weshouldexpect growth slows,andpeopleareunable However, asouroverallpopulation population growthhasstabilized. 2010 populationpyramidsuggests in thepopulation. The shapeofthe to Park City, insteadofnaturalincreases

Age 85 and over and 85 60 to 60 64 40 40 44 to 80 80 84 to 65 to 69 20 to24 45to 49 25to 29 50 to 54 to 50 Under 5 Under 55 to 59 to 55 30 to34 30 10 10 14 to 35 to 39 35to 15 to 15to 19 70 to 74 to 70 75 to 79 5 to 9 to 5 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 Park City Population, 2000 150 100 50 Population 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Female Male number willshrinkanytimesoon. are mostlymigrants;itisunlikely their 20. Since the20-24 and25-29 cohorts startling lackofpeopleundertheage trend continues,Park City couldseea of theunder5cohort)shrank.Ifthis remaining cohorts(with theexception

Age 85 and over and 85 60 to 60 64 40 40 44 to 80 80 84 to 65 to 69 20 to24 45 to 49 25to 29 50 to 54 to 50 Under 5 Under 55 to 59 to 55 30 to 34 30 10 10 14 to 35 to 39 35to 15 to 15to 19 70 to 74 to 70 75 to 79 5 to 9 to 5 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 Park City Population, 2010 150 100 50 Population 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Female Male NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 323 White American African or Black Alaskan Native and Indian American Asian Pacific other and Hawaiian Native Islander race other Some Latino Hispanic 12 of Whites declined 5%. The Hispanic The Hispanic Whites declined 5%. of during Latino population grew by 24% this same period, while the percentage as of the population self-identifying be Asian remained the same. It should not noted that the census figures do usually include the number of Hispanic illegal Latinos (and other races) that are City was that Park aliens. It is likely in both home to more Hispanic Latinos than these numbers and 2010 2000 indicate. Race in Park City, 2010 Race in City, Park In 2010, 76% of Park City’s population City’s 76% of Park In 2010, The White. as being self-identified second largest group were Hispanic Latinos, with 24% of the population. were Asians, with 2% of the population, The remaining the next largest group. up around 1% of racial groups make population. In general, City’s Park population became more City’s Park 2000. diverse during the decade from Census, 78% of At the time of the 2000 White. as being residents self-identified the number and 2010, Between 2000 Race statistics in the US Census are US the Race statistics in other statistics not as exact as the because racial This is it provides. as well defined as categories are not by the age. Races defined others, like White, Black or are: decennial census African American American, Indian and Asian, Native Hawaiian Alaska Native, Some Islander and and other Pacific Other Race. Hispanic Latino is not of considered a race, and members up this all of the above races make In addition, people are able category. one to put themselves into more than making analysis of this racial category, more complicated. For our data even purpose, we counted only the number of people listing only one race and subtracted from each race the people to be who also considered themselves added Hispanic We Hispanic Latino. Latino people to our numbers by adding up the numbers we subtracted from each of the other racial category. race The sum of the numbers in each category did not add up to the total population, but we feel it is better to underestimate the numbers than overestimate them. TREND: Race TREND: SENSE OF COMMUNITY 324 Census Bureau. was $61,912 asestimatedbythe US income between2006 and2010 In Park City, themedianhousehold Median Income options. they areabletoaffordawidervarietyof flexibility inchoosingtheirhousing,as with higherincomes,havemuchmore income of$79,461. County hadamedianhousehold Park City, theBest Town towards housingin2010. with 34.4%ofhouseholdincomegoing in theaverage American’s budget, is byfarthelargestspendingcategory important factors. Spending onhousing demand side,incomeisoneofthemost the demandforhousing. On the supply ofhousingandfactorsaffecting two categories:factorsaffectingthe Issues affectinghousingcanbesplitinto TREND: IncomesinPark City ($51,914). than thestate($56,330) andthenation higher medianhouseholdincomes had Summit County and Park City are higherin Summit County, both of bothareashasdecreased. In2000, decade themedianhousehold income 16 However, overthepast 14

Incontrast, Summit 15 While incomes for thePlanet 13 Families a percentageoftotalhouseholds, and $74,999 decreasedthemostas Households earningbetween $50,000 21 for inflation). (6) percentagepoints(not accounting households from2000, increasingbysix grew themost,asapercentageoftotal each area,respectively. decreased byaround28%and6%in to 2010. $149,999 duringtheperiodof2006 (19%) earnedbetween$100,000and 2010 adjusteddollars). County, medianincomewas$85,000(in adjusted dollars),whilein Summit was approximately$86,100(in2010 household medianincomeinPark City declining byeight(8)percentagepoints. and $74,999 sawthe largest decrease, households earningbetween$50,000 $34,999. incomes intherangeof$25,000 and households inPark City (15%)had Between 2006 and2010, most since 2000, thelargestforanygroup. increased by5percentagepoints households, thisgroupofhouseholds In Summit County, mosthouseholds 22 19 As apercentageof total This same incomegroup 20 The percent ofPark City 17 18 Incomeshave

23 23

declining by6percentagepoints. a Gini scoreof0.23. Gini scoreof0.707,and Sweden, with inequality rangesfromNamibia, witha Globally, the Gini Coefficient ofincome one indicatesperfectinequality. zero indicatesperfectequalityand is distributedinapopulation,where that measureshowequallyincome is the Gini Coefficient. isamethod This distribution ofincomeinacommunity Another methodofmeasuringthe Gini Coefficient ofIncomeEquality budget wasspentonhousingin2010 nearly 34.4%oftheaveragehousehold’s According totheDepartmentofLabor, American familiesspendalotonhousing. Transportation 16.0% Personalinsurance &pensions Health care Health 6.6% 11.2% 15.6% Other 25 Apparel & services & Apparel Park City had 3.5% 12.7% Food 24 Housing 34.4%

NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 325 30

28

In contrast, Hispanic and Hispanic and In contrast, For householders between 27 29 for Park City, at $62,679 between 2006 2006 between at $62,679 City, for Park and 2010. the ages of 45 and 64, the median the ages of 45 and 64, the median at $81,786. greater, income was even The same general trend was present The same general Among different County. Summit in with young age groups, households than less money householders made householders, although those with older for households with incomes declined old. years 65 householders over the median income for City, In Park of householders between the ages while for 15 and 24 was only $28,128, of householders between the ages and 44, the median income was 25 $70,815. Again, this same trends also occurred in in Again, this same trends also occurred County. Summit Different demographics have different Only by understanding housing needs. existing needs for housing in the and if those needs are community, can being met in the housing market, City’s we determine how effective the what housing policies have been, and changes need to be made. Latino households had a median income median income had a Latino households period. during the same of $37,634 more $200,000 or $200,000 $199,999 $150,000 - $150,000 $149,999 $100,000 - $100,000 $99,999 $75,000 - $75,000 $74,999 $50,000 - $50,000 levels of income were similar to these levels in counties; incomes were much higher Park City). Age Income by Race & Household incomes vary among and different racial and ethnic groups, Park among different age groups. In the median household income City, White households (94% of total among households) was more than the total 2006 - 2010 - 2006 Household Income Household $49,999 $35,000 - $35,000 2000 $34,999 $25,000 - $25,000 Park CityIncome Distribution Park $24,999 $15,000 - $15,000 present in Park $14,999 $10,000 - $10,000 inequality This indicates that income This $10,000 26 Less than 5% 0%

15% 10% 25% 20% Income distribution has changed in Park City. Between 2000 and 2005, the greatest percentage the greatest percentage and 2005, Between 2000 City. Income distribution has changed in Park - 2010,the Between 2006 - $74,999. had incomes between $50,000 City households of Park - $34,999. City household incomes decreased to $25,000 greatest percentage of Park Percent of Households of Percent City were similar to those present City were similar to those present Guatemala and in countries such as is not to say that the Colombia (which a Gini score of 0.556 between 2006 Gini score of 0.556 between 2006 a which was much higher and 2010, Utah County (0.458) and Summit than (0.413). was distributed much more equitably was distributed much more equitably County than it Summit Utah and in In fact, the levels City. was in Park of income SENSE OF COMMUNITY 326 only $2,063 (around $24,756 ayear),the the LeisureandHospitality industrywas monthly wageforsomeone workingin in Park City. For example,theaverage also someofthelowestpayingones Unfortunately, theseindustrieswere Park City, theBest Town 2010. 12,577 workers employedinPark City in Services, therewereapproximately the Utah Departmentof Workforce According tostatisticscompiledby is employedeven moreimportant. housing, theindustryinwhichaworker If incomeisanimportantdeterminantof TREND: Workforce Wages around 45%ofthetotalworkforce. which employed5,682 workers in2010, the LeisureandHospitalityindustry, The largestindustryinPark City was of theworkforce,respectively. industries, employing17%, 10%and6% Government andFinancial Activities Trade,Utilities, and Transportation The nextlargestindustrieswerethe to Park City fromelsewhere. percentage ofourworkforcecommuted Park City in2010, indicatesthatalarge than thenumberofresidents(7,558) 31 This number, whichwaslarger for thePlanet 32

34

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lowest foranyindustryinPark City. affordable tothem. a monthonhousingforittoremain City shouldonlyspendaround$620 Leisure andHospitalityworker inPark amount. Regardless, theaverage how manypeoplemake lessthanthat people make morethan$2,063 and industry, wehavenoideahowmany case oftheLeisureandHospitality wages andnotthemedian. So inthe numbers werethemean(average) is importanttorememberthatthese $815 dollarsamonthonhousing. a month,andcanspendonlyaround worker inPark City makes around$2,722 3,085 actuallyworked inPark City. workers livinginPark City, butonly Survey indicatesthattherewere4,520 2006-2010Community American The it ishelpfultolookatthe wagesand commute eithertoorfrom Park City, Park City. Because manyofourworkers workforce inPark City actuallylived in then onlyaround25% to30%ofthe assume thiswasthecasein2010, worked outsidePark City, and,ifwe This meansthataround1,100workers 36 The average 37 38 35

It workforce). employed 7,510(or 36%ofthetotal was LeisureandHospitality, which The largestindustry, asinPark City, the reasonforthis. Hospitality jobsisundoubtedlypartof employed inlow-payingLeisureand The factthattherewerelesspeople money thantheaveragePark City job. average Summit County jobpaidmore $600 amonth.Interestingly, the and Hospitalityworker, nomorethan month, andfortheaverageLeisure need tocostnomorethan$860per worker in Summit County, itwould considered affordabletotheaverage For housinginPark City tobe and $24,060, respectively). equates toanannualwageof$34,368 Hospitality jobswas$2,005 (which monthly wageforallLeisureand County was$2,864, whiletheaverage wage forallworkers in Summit County employed20,680 people. context. In2010, jobsin Summit incomes ofworkers inamore regional 40 The average monthly 41

39

NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 327 Jobs in the Jobs in the Leisure and Hospitality industries make up the majority of employment opportunities City and in Park County. Summit However, County Summit has a slightly more diverse distribution of workers, having a lower percentage of workers employed in Leisure and Hospitality, and a higher percentage of workers employed in Construction, Professional and Business Services, Financial Activities and Trade, Transportation and Utilities. 50% 50% 35% 40% 45% 35% 40% 45% 30% 30% 25% 25% 20% 20% Percent of Total Average Employment Average Total of Percent Percent of Total Average Employment Average Total of Percent 10% 15% 10% 15% 5% 5% Park City Employment by Sector, 2010 Sector, by Employment City Park 0% 0% Summit County Employment by Sector, 2010 Sector, by Employment County Summit Mining Mining Information Information Government Construction Government Construction Other Services Manufacturing Other Services Manufacturing Financial Activities Financial Activities Leisure &Hospitality Leisure & Hospitality Education& Health Services Education& Health Services Trade, Transportation, Utilities Transportation, Trade,

Trade, Transportation, Utilities Transportation, Trade,

Professional & Business Services Business & Professional

Professional & Business Services Business & Professional Industry Sector Industry Industry Sector Industry SENSE OF COMMUNITY 328 there havebeenanumber ofprojects efforts havehadmixed success. While affordable duringthepast decade,its attempted tomake housingmore Park City, theBest Town on housing. than $18,570ayear(or $1,550 amonth) in Park City should notspendmore income of$61,912, 50% ofhouseholds Given the2000 medianhousehold local economy. have amorestimulatingeffectonthe on other, morediscretionary itemsthat household isunabletospendmoney income. Highhousingcostsmeana not consumetoomuchofahousehold’s wages. Itisimportantthathousingdoes of appropriatehousingtypes,andlow to driveuppricesforeveryone else), lack homes (whichsecond abundance of tend They includethescarcityofland, Many factorscontributetothisproblem. its residentswithaffordablehousing. Park City haslongstruggledtoprovide threshold tobeaffordablehousing. HUD considershousingbelowthis more than30%ofahousehold’s income. that housingcostsshouldnotconsume Urban Development (HUD) recommends The US DepartmentofHousingand TREND: Housing Affordability 43 Although Park City has for thePlanet that is39%ofallrenteroccupied units. 30% oftheirtenantshouseholdincome, occupied housinghadrentsmorethan In 2000, 418unitsof1,060totalrenter 2000. more unaffordablenowthanitwasin residents, housing,asawhole,ismuch completed servinglowerincome 1,507 renter occupied units,or 53%. had increasedto795units ofthetotal Between 2006 and2010, thatnumber with householdsspending morethan More importantisthenumber ofunits income onhousingfrom2000 to2006-2010, whilethepercentspendinglessthan20% decreased. for owneroccupied housing. A higherpercentage ofhomeownersspent30%ormoretheir Selected monthlyownercostsasapercentofincome(SMOCAPI) isonemeasureofaffordability 30.0%- 34.9% Less than 20.0% Park City SMOCAPI, 2000 SMOCAPI, Park City 35.0% or more or 35.0% 24.9% - 20.0% Not Computed Not 29.9% - 25.0% 45

44

528, or37%ofhouseholds livingin own”housingmarket. In2000,“to Affordability hasalsodecreased inthe costs wasprobablymuchgreater. than 30%and50% forhousingrelated number ofhouseholdspayingmore does notincludedutilities,theactual households. increased to336,or22% ofallrenter Between 2006 and2010, thatnumber or moreoftheirincomeonrent. 14% ofrenterhouseholdsspent50% 50% oftheirincomeonrent.In2000, Park City SMOCAPI, 2006 SMOCAPI, Park City 30.0%- 34.9% Less than 20.0% 47 Since rentusually 35.0% or more or 35.0% 24.9% - 20.0% Not Computed Not 29.9% - 25.0% - 2010 46

NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 329

55 A breakdown of median income of A breakdown 56 However, it also means that households that households it also means However, City Park to own homes in wishing find units below the were not able to threshold. affordable 30% rent for median monthly Since 2000, City actually decreased, a unit in Park adjusted (in 2010 in 2000 from $1,175 and 2006 between dollars) to $1,030 2010. by tenure type shows that renter by tenure type shows households had a much larger occupied than decrease, in real terms, in income Since households. did owner occupied real median income among 2000, units households in renter occupied to $36,740 decreased from $50,500 a decrease of and 2010, between 2006 households, In owner occupied 27%. real median income dropped from to $100,609 during the same $123,260 50% period, a decrease of 18%. In 2000, monthly of renters could afford to pay a 2006 rent of around $1,260, while during could only afford rents they to 2010, rents though Therefore, even of $920. decreased, incomes among renters decreased more. increased for owner-occupied units, for owner-occupied increased mortgages. those units with especially 25.0% 25.0% - 29.9% 2010 - Between 52 20.0% - 24.9% Not computed During this 53 15.0% - 19.9% 35% or more Park Park City GRAPI, 2006 Less than 15.0% 34.9% - 30.0% Much of the decrease in affordability Much of the decrease in affordability housing units can in owner occupied be attributed to decreases in median values. wages, and an increase in home the median value of a home in In 2000, City was approximately $590,000 Park adjusted dollars). (in 2010 2006 and 2010, the median value of a and 2010, 2006 an increase home increased to $751,400, of $161,400, or 27%. same period, the real median wage of a same period, the real median wage City dropped by 28%. household in Park sense that monthly housing It makes costs, as a percentage of income,

49 50

48 25.0% 25.0% - 29.9% 20.0% - 24.9% Not computed

51 15.0% - 19.9% 35% or more Park Park City GRAPI, 2000 Less than 15.0% 34.9% - 30.0% owner-occupied units spent 30% or owner-occupied more of their monthly income on housing (utilities, mortgage, etc.). Gross rent as a percentage of income (GRAPI) is a measure of housing affordability for renters. In Gross rent as a percentage of income (GRAPI) on rent has increased the percent of households spending 35% or more of their income City, Park to 2006-2010. substantially from 2000 of all owner- Approximately 17% units and 19% of owner- occupied units with a mortgage, cost occupied of their households more than 50% monthly income. Among homeowners with a mortgage, Among homeowners with a mortgage, 45%. that number was higher still, at Between 2006 and 2010, that number and 2010, Between 2006 40% of had risen to 760 households, or City. units in Park all owner-occupied SENSE OF COMMUNITY 330 these hypotheticalhouseholds afew Park City, theBest Town made $2,722 amonth. In 2010, theaveragePark City worker TREND: Housing Affordability still above30%atthisvalue). value above$235,248 (monthly costsare have beenabletoaffordahousewith City ($61,912), 50% ofhouseholdswould the medianhouseholdincomeforPark mortgage ata6.25% rate). Now, using price ofaround$248,228 (with a30-year would havebeenabletoaffordahouse wage of$2,722 ($5,444 intotal),they household, bothearningtheaverage HUD. Ifthereweretwopeopleinthis the affordabilitythresholdsetby monthly income), whichiswellbeyond have beenaround$1,172 (or 43%of his orhermonthlyhousingcostswould 6.25% rate). However, atthisvalue, $124,114 (fora30-yearmortgageat at themaximum,ahousevalued is highlyunlikely), she/hecouldafford, monthly paymentobligations(which worker hadnocreditcard,car, orother $300,000. of theseunitswerevalued atbelow $751,400, andonly22% ofthe1,897 owner-occupied unitinPark City was 2006 and2010, themedianvalueofan 59 Summit County offered for 57 thePlanet Assuming this 58 Between 30% valuedbelow$300,000. had amedianvalueof$492,100,with more options. Owner occupied units between 2006 and2010 hadanincome only 13% of householdsinPark City at least$185,920 ayear. Despitethis, the householdwouldhave tohavemade afford halfofhomesin Summit County, have madeatleast$283,900 ayear. To housing), ahouseholdwouldhaveto spend morethan30%ofincomeon City between2006 and2010 (andnot owner occupied housingunitsinPark To beabletoaffordjusthalfofthe $500,000 to $999,999 $150,000 $199,999 to Less than$50,000 Park City House Values, 2006 House Values, City Park $1,000,000 or more $200,000 $299,999 to $50,000 to $99,999 $300,000 $499,999 to $100,000 to $149,999 60 -2010 elsewhere intheregion. high housingcostburdens, orlive many oftheworkforceeitherlivewith in 2010 wererentalunits,suggesting only 38%ofhousingunitsinPark City rent theirhousing. majority ofworkers andresidentsto and 2010, itmakes moresenseforthe per month, respectively, between 2006 and Summit County at$1,030 and$957 With medianrentalratesinPark City County 30%earned$200,000 ormore. of $200,000 ormore,whilein Summit Summit County House Values, 2006 Values, House County Summit $500,000 to $999,999 $150,000 $199,999 to Less than$50,000 $1,000,000 or more $200,000 $299,999 to $50,000 to $99,999 61 Unfortunately, $300,000 $499,999 to $100,000 to $149,999 -2010 NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 331

75 Rent Own 96% 74 90% 100% 80% 70% 76 60% 52% of homeowners had incomes of 52% of homeowners had incomes and $100,000 or more between 2006 2010. were older than renters, with 30% were older than renters, with 30% 64. being between the ages of 55 and and Householders between 45 and 55 for 28% and 21% and over accounted 65 of householders, respectively. of owner householders were White, of owner householders were and only 2% were Hispanic or Latino.

40% 50% Percent of of Age Group Percent 72 30% 67% of 67% 71 20% Park City: Tenure Park by Tenure City: Age, 2010 10% Owner households Owner households 73 0% 75 to 84 65 to 74 15 to 24 to 15 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 to 45 55 to 64 55 to

85 and over and 85 Age of Householder of Age Households in these units 70 In general, younger age groups tend to prefer rental housing over homeownership. Despite them In general, younger age groups tend to housing was built in hardly any rental City, in Park being one of the fastest growing age groups and 2010. City between 2000 Park Most households were 2-person households (42%). renters. 55% of the population in Park renters. 55% of the population in housing City lived in an owner-occupied unit. had, on average, 2.34 people, much had, on average, 2.34 people, much less than rental households. households in owner occupied housing housing households in owner occupied 25% were family households, however, of households had a single occupant.

64 68

66 62

65 Renters Renters 63 69 Renters were more Renters 67 51% of households living in rental 51% of households living in rental units were non-family households. On average, rental households were On average, rental households, with larger than owner people per household. 3.02 There are more 5, 6 and 7-person There are more 5, 6 and 7-person than households living in rental units for in owner units, which accounts the high average household size. In 2010, owner households in Park In 2010, City were more similar than were In 2010, renters in Park City were a renters in Park In 2010, group of people much more diverse People than were homeowners. made up 45% living in rental housing that year. population City’s of Park TREND: Renters and Owners and Renters TREND: Renter households make less money less money households make Renter than owner households, with 31% and $34,999 making between $20,000 and 2010. between 2006 diverse, with Hispanic and Latinos diverse, with Hispanic and Latinos making up 32% of rental households. are more likely to live alone; 27% of 27% to live alone; are more likely households are 1-person households. Renters also tend to be younger Renters than homeowners. 33% of rental ages householders were between the and 34. of 25 SENSE OF COMMUNITY 332 renter occupied. occupied, whileonly22% became housing unitsaddedbecomingowner with 78%ofthe2,658 occupied occupied unitswaseven moreunequal, In Summit County, thegrowthofowner renter-occupied housing. was addedinthepastdecadethan meaning moreowner-occupied housing occupied housingwasowner-occupied, Park City, theBest Town renter occupied. occupied in2010, whileonly38%were occupied unitsinPark City wereowner 2010 wasowneroccupied. 62% ofall in Park City and Summit County in The majorityofoccupied housing during thewinterseason mighthave the housingthatwasrenter occupied the skiresortshadclosed, muchof 2010 Census wastaken in April, after renter occupied year-to-year. Since the units transitionbetweenvacantand many secondhomesandnightlyrental more variablethanownerunits,as that thestockofrentalunitsismuch while only36%wererenteroccupied. these units(64%)wereowneroccupied, occupied unitsgrewby180units.115of 2000 and2010, Park City’s owner TREND: Housing Growth, 2000 -2010 77 80 In2000, 61%of Itshouldbenoted for thePlanet 78 Between 79

2000 and2010. housing unitsbuiltinPark City between around 94%ofthe2,810additional units addedbetween2000 and2010. accounted for71%ofthetotal9,056 total housingsupplyin2010, and vacant housingmadeup51%ofthe rental housingingeneral, andthelack City shouldaddressboth thelackof Any housingstrategycreated byPark 2000. increase of11percentagepointsfrom of housingunitswerevacantin2010, an Detroit, forexample). InPark City, 70% amount ofabandonedhomes(unlike especially sincewedonothavealarge area, Park City-Summit County the of theamountsecondhomesin Vacant housingisagoodmeasure been recordedasvacant. priced outofthecommunity. more and more of thepopulation will be and 2006-2010. Ifthistrendcontinues, home valuesinPark City between2000 most likely areasonforthe27% risein for the City’s and County’s taxbase,is This imbalanceinhousing,whilegood 81 Vacant housingaccounted for 82 In Summit County, 84 83

the statewidemedianof$781. around $250 moreper monththan $1,030 between2006 and2010, was which, withmedianmonthlyrentsof rental housingmarket inPark City, increase. This isthecasein increase insupply, pricewillalso increases withoutacorresponding explain thatifthedemandforaproduct The principlesofsupplyanddemand lower incomehouseholds. taking awayrentalopportunitiesfrom households mustrenttheirhomes, drives upthevalueofallhomes. These to becausethesecondhomemarket afford tobuytheirhomeareunable markets, wouldnormallybeableto many cases,householdsthat,inother “to own”housing.In of affordable another community. they liveandspendtheirincome in is taken outofthelocaleconomy, since of themoney thattheseworkers earn elsewhere. Ineffect,thismeansthatall or the Snyderville Basin,they mustlive are unabletofindhousinginPark City affordable housing.Iftheseworkers serious impactontheirabilitytofind jobs, ariseinrentalpriceshas is employedinlowpayingservices the majorityofPark City’s workforce 85 Since NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 333 2010 - Condos Year SF SF Homes Park City Housing Sales CityPrices, Housing 2000 Park 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 $0 $200,000 $800,000 $400,000 $600,000

$1,200,000 $1,000,000 $1,400,000 Sales Price Sales The cost of single family homes and condos in Park City have increased over the past decade. Despite the housing bubble and the recession, the City have increased over the past decade. The cost of single family homes and condos in Park recovers, and sales pick up, prices are sure to rise once more. As the market above $1 million. City remained average price of a home in Park SENSE OF COMMUNITY 334 paying morethan50%. of theirincometorent,andaround40% Summit County payingmorethan30% for morethanhalfofthehouseholdsin Park City, theBest Town off financiallymoving into rental who nowownhomeswould bebetter determine. Manyofthe households own”housingismoredifficult to “to Determiningthepent-up demandfor more than50%. their incomeonhousing,and336paying households payingmorethan30%of 2010, therewere795renteroccupied affordable housing.Between 2006 and of theamountpentupdemandfor and Summit County,gain asense wecan median income(SMOCAPI) forPark City monthly ownercostsasapercentageof of medianincome(GRAPI) andselect Looking atgrossrentasapercentage TREND: HousingDemand on theirincomes. escaping theburdenhousingcostsplace would quicklybefilledbynewtenants its totalhousingsupply, thoseunits at least336affordablerentalunitsto is safetoassumethatifPark City added have muchmoreflexibilitytomove,it 86 88 Park City accounted for thePlanet 87 Since renters their monthlyincomeson housing. with 79%spendingmore than30%of of householderslivingin unaffordable, to 24yearoldshadthehighest rates chance todoso. to moreaffordablehousinggiventhe in monthlyhousingcostswouldmove paid morethan50% oftheirincome say thatallofthe275 householdswho homes. However, itisprobablysafeto compared withhouseholdsinrental own homeshaveinmoving,especially increased difficultyhouseholdswho more affordable. Anotherissueisthe able to,buyahomeifthepriceswere households wouldwantto,andbe housing. At thesametime,somerenter more than30%oftheirincome. roughly 46%ofunitscosttheirowners Park City between 2006 and2010, Among alloccupied housingunitsin industry, demandisprobablystrong. employed intheLeisureandHospitality but giventhelargenumberofpeople who wouldlike toliveinPark City, workers commutingfromelsewhere This doesnotincludethenumberof 89

90 15 91 25 25 householders, respectively. 15 to24agegroupwith332and320 were inthe35to64agegroupand householders, aboutanequalnumber Among allburdenedrenter the ACS). larger thantheotheragegroupsusedby households (not surprisingasitmuch for thelargestshareofburdened -olds rentedtheirhousing. widely. In2010, 93%ofall15to 24 year Tenure typesamongthese groupsvary age grouphasveryspecific needs. indications ofpreferences,theneach their currentlivingsituationsareany different agegroupslookingfor?If What kindsofhousingarethese in Park City.in did, they wouldnotbeabletoaffordone not wanttobuyhomesyet,andifthey to 24,mostlikely becausethisgroupdo householders betweentheagesof15 group. were inthe35to64yearoldage the burdenedownerhouseholders housing. in thatgroupspending30%ormoreon costs, withonly45%ofhouseholders of householdersburdenedbyhousing to 34year-oldshadthelowestrates 94 However, therewerenoowner 92 However, thisgroupaccounts 95

96 93 Renting 62% of NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 335 400 350 300 350 400 450 500 250 300 200 250 Householders Renter Householders Renter Householders 150 200 Number ofHouseholders 100 50 Owner Householders Owner 100 150 Owner Householders Owner 0 50 0 Householders Unaffordablein Housing, by Income Householders in Unaffordable Housing, by Age $100,000 or more: or $100,000 Less than $10,000:

15 to 24 to 15 25 to 34 35 to 64 to$19,999: $10,000 $50,000 to $74,999: to $50,000

$75,000 to $99,999: to $75,000 $35,000 to $49,999: to $35,000 to $34,999: $20,000

65 and up Income Yearly Age Group Age

97

100 Age groups Age groups .99 The majority of The 102

103 Rates of homeownership Rates of homeownership 98 Within each income group, all 101 rose in the older age groups, peaking at rose in the older year -olds to 74 90% for 65 burdened households earning between burdened households earning between less than $10,000 and $49,999 were renters, while the remaining burdened income groups were owner households. 35 to 44 year olds were evenly split year olds were evenly 35 to 44 and renting their housing between owning it. rates was also high among 25 to 34 year to 34 year 25 also high among rates was housing. 77% renting their -olds, with older than this group began to rent their older than this group rates, with 18% of 75 housing at greater and 28% of 85 year -olds to 84 year -olds housing in 2010. and over renter Among cost burdened households of all Among cost burdened of tenure types, those earning incomes in 2006 and $34,000 between $20,000 were the most affected, making to 2010 more up 33% of all households paying than 30% of their incomes on housing costs. households earning between $10,000 households earning between $10,000 less and $19,999, 79% of those making than $10,000 and 78% of households and $34,999 making between $20,000 paid more than 30% of income on housing costs. SENSE OF COMMUNITY 336 words secondhomes. recreational oroccasional use,inother (85%) ofvacantunitswereforseasonal, by peoplewholiveelsewhere.5,609 units oroccupied temporarily Vacant housingunitsareeitherempty were vacant. were occupied while6,586(70%)units Park City, theBest Town 2010. Park City had9,471housingunitsin US Census. According tothe Census, way isbyusingdatafromthe2010 determined indifferentways. Thefirst housing unitsinPark City canbe The numberofprimaryandsecondary US Census - Occupancy home owners. Park City, 59%wereownedbysecond- percentage ofthetotalhousing unitsin sale, forrentorotherwiseempty. As a units werevacantbecausethey werefor 1,110 (39%)wereoccupied byrenters. (62%) wereoccupied bytheownerwhile the totaloccupied housingunits,1,775 are fulltimeresidentsofPark City. Of which essentiallymeansthosepeople living inthematthetimeof Census, usual placeofresidenceforthepeople TREND: Housing Occupancy,Housing and Type Tenure,TREND: 104 Of thoseunits,2,885(31%) 105 108 Occupied unitsarethe for 107 thePlanet The remaining 106

only 180,arateof7%. occupied byfull-timeresidents,grew the numberofoccupied units,orunits 42%. However, duringthepastdecade total numberofhousingunitsgrewby 2,630, arateof66%. the numberofvacantunitsgrewby 2010. housing units,2,810fewerunitsthanin US Census. In2000, Park City had6,661 This isadramaticchangefromthe2000 the housingunitsadded between2000 a rateof66%. or occasional usegrewby2,226, again housing unitsforseasonal, recreational vacant. were occupied while3,956(59%)were 2000 and2010, only6%wenttofull-timeresidents homeowners (theremaining15%wereforrent, (180 units),while79%(2,630units)wenttosecond 109 Of allthehousingunits(2,810)addedbetween 110 Of the6,661units,2,705(41%) Between2000 and2010, the sale, orvacantforsomeotherreason). 113 This meansthatofall 112 111 Morespecifically, Incomparison, or 3%. to 7,558in2010, anincreaseof187 of Park City grew from7,371in2000 this sameperiodthetotalpopulation other reason). for rent,sale,orvacantsome homeowners (theremaining15%were residents, while79%wenttosecond and 2010, only6%wenttofull-time want toseeinPark City? How manymoresecond homesdowe of moredesirableforms ofgrowth? Does thisgrowthcome at theexpense impact doesthishaveon City services? affect lifeinPark City? What kindof substantial increaseinsecondhomes important questions.Howdoesthis 115 These numbersraisesome 114 Forreference,during NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 337 239 Quinn's Junction Deer 1535 Valley Upper 849 Deer Valley Lower In fact, 97% of the 125 As a percentage of their total 283 Slopes 124 & Sunny The Aerie The Old Town neighborhood had the Town Old The largest number of vacant units with total City’s 1,832 units (28% of Park units). housing units in Upper Deer Valley are Valley Upper Deer housing units in units, the Upper Deer Valley, Resort Resort Valley, Upper Deer units, the Old and Valley Lower Deer Center, neighborhoods had the most Town vacant units. 2431 Old Town

1034 Resort Center 123 Total Residential Units Residential Total 1431 Park & Park Bonanza Prospector Masonic Hill is in 122 Park 1610 Meadows 250 Thaynes 0 500 The above chart shows the existing built residential units per neighborhood. At build-out, Old Old At build-out, residential units per neighborhood. The above chart shows the existing built and Bonanza Park & Prospector neighborhoods will have Valley Upper Deer Park Meadows, Town, Census. the most housing units. Data from 2010 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 Using this information, we can conclude Using this information, we can conclude Canyon , Thaynes that Park Meadows, Masonic Bonanza Park & Prospector and the Hill are “local” neighborhoods, since majority of their housing units belong to full-time residents. units in Old Town. a similar situation. While it only has a similar situation. housing units, these units occupied 123 for 43% of its total units. account

118 119 Thaynes Canyon, with 117 117 Although Old Town has more Town Old Although Park Meadows, Bonanza Park Park Meadows, Bonanza Park & Prospector 121 116 120 had 731 units and Old Town had 599 Town Old had 731 units and units. 250, and Masonic Hill with 283, had the and Masonic 250, of housing units. smallest number The neighborhoods with the most The neighborhoods with the most housing units were occupied Park Meadows, Bonanza Park & Park Town. Old Prospector and units, 37% of Meadows had 1,050 housing units in Park all occupied City. Using GIS, we were able to estimate were able to estimate GIS, we Using for each of housing statistics 2010 The nine neighborhoods. City’s Park the had neighborhood Town Old of housing units greatest number or 26% of the with around 2,431 total. overall occupied housing units, 65% housing units, 65% overall occupied Thaynes of the housing units in the Canyon neighborhood were occupied, of the total compared to only 25% & Prospector and Upper Deer Valley Valley Upper Deer & Prospector and of housing all had similar amounts 1,535 and 1,431 units, units with 1,610, respectively. Because Quinn’s Junction is a new Quinn’s Because neighborhood, and only has three this housing units, we will ignore it for units are planned 239 discussion (note: for development). SENSE OF COMMUNITY 338 recreational oroccasional use. two neighborhoodswereforseasonal, housing units,91%ofunitsinthese Deer Valley follows closelywith84%. Park City, theBest Town Center arevacant. vacant, while95%ofunitsinResort TREND: Housing Occupancy, Tenure, and Type (continued) City (apartfrom Old Town) and the are someoftheoldestones inPark patterns? The localneighborhoods the twotypes. What accounts forthese south, withlittleintegrationbetween homeowner neighborhoodsinthe in thenorthofPark City andthesecond with thelocalneighborhoodslocated different neighborhoodsaresegregated creates aninterestingpattern. The The locationoftheseneighborhoods residents ofPark City. owned bypeoplewhoarenotfulltime the majorityoftheirhousingunitsare neighborhoodssince homeowner” Town neighborhoodsare“second Deer and Old Valley,Resort Center that the Upper Deer Valley, Lower owners inPark City. We canconclude highest percentagesofsecond-home it isnotsurprisingthatthey havethe Due totheirproximitytheskiresorts, 126 for Of thesevacant thePlanet 127 Lower 128

clustering oflocalneighborhoods and resident whocommutes towork. The which isimportantifyou areafull-time connected to SR 224 and SR 248, for localfamilies. They arealsowell neighborhoods, anattractivefeature schools thanthesecondhomeowner The neighborhoodsarecloserto City’s reinventionasaskitown. first onestobedeveloped afterPark 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 neighborhoods isrelativelylowduetothesecondhomenature ofPark City. Although Old Town and Upper Deer Valley havegreater totalunits,theoccupancy ofthese The abovechartdisplaysunitsoccupied relativetototalunitswithinaneighborhood. 500 0 Thaynes 163 250 Occupied Occupied Units to Total Residential Units Meadows 1050 Occupied Units to Occupied Units TotalResidential Units Park 1610 Prospector Bonanza 731 Park & 1431 Center Resort 53 1034 Old Town Old 599 2431 Assessor’s Office, itwaspossibleto Using datafromthe Summit County Assessor Summit County - Occupancy other full-timeresidents. to liveinneighborhoodsoccupied by suggests thatfull-timeresidentslike housing unitsineachneighborhood the largepercentagesofoccupied The Aerie The & Sunny 123 Slopes 283 111 Lower Valley Deer 849 Upper Valley 43 Deer 1535 Junction Quinn's 3 239 NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 339 131 131 As with the data from 130 Most single family homes (64%) Most single family homes (64%) 129 the US Census, The majority of units in The majority of units in Census, US the Park City Town, Mountain Old Resort, Upper and Valley Masonic Deer Hill, Lower are non-primary units, while Valley Deer Canyon Thaynes the majority of units in The units. and Park Meadows are primary Park & only difference is in the Bonanza Prospector neighborhood, where 53% of units are non-primary homes. estimate the number of second homes the number of estimate County, Summit In City. in Park currently year round of property inhabited tax rates is property that differs from by its owner For this reason, not a primary residence. and differentiates properties Assessor the Non- and non-primary. units as primary generally second homes, primary units are If the primary resident of but not always. it may still be considered a unit is a renter, So while this a non-primary property. to estimate second is a good method as it is not as accurate homeownership, Census. US the data from the 32% are City, Of all the units in Park are non- primary while the remaining 68% similar to primary (these numbers are very Census in US the figures produced by the 2010). are primary homes, while most condos are primary homes, while most (87%) (77%) and multiple residential units are non-primary. 1% 0% Quinn's Junction Quinn's Junction 3% 91% Deer Upper Valley Upper Deer Valley 84% 13% Deer Valley Lower Lower Deer Valley Hill 51% Hill 43% Masonic Masonic 57% 25% Old Town Old Town 91% 5% Resort Center Resort Center 30% Park & Park 51% Bonanza Park & Park Prospector Bonanza Prospector % of Residential Units Vacant for for Units Vacant % of Residential % of Residential Units Occupied Units Residential of % 31% Park 65% Park Meadows Meadows Seasonal, Recreational, or or use Occasional Seasonal, Recreational, 30% Thaynes 65% Thaynes 0% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 100% 0% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% SENSE OF COMMUNITY 340 Park City, theBest Town flexibility inusesgearedtowardvisitors. neighborhoods willhavegreater year roundresidents.Resort residential to maintainlocalneighborhoodsfor Residential Neighborhoodsinaneffort Residential NeighborhoodsandResort the General PlandifferbetweenLocal The recommendedstrategieswithin Neighborhood. been includedasaLocalResidential secondary homeowners,the Aerie has and theminimal51%occupancy by sensitive naturalsettingofthe Aerie Park &Prospector. Also, duetothe Thaynes, Quinn’s Junction andBonanza homes, includingParkMeadows, that arenotdominatedbysecond preserving thelocalneighborhoods adopts aneighborhoodapproachto 4 corevalues. The generalplan Community” asoneofthecommunities community visionprioritizing“Senseof This trendisalarmingduetothe TREND: Housing Occupancy, Tenure, and Type (continued) for thePlanet NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 341 ° Miles 2 1 0.5 0 PRIMARY & SECOND RESIDENCES SECOND & PRIMARY Primary Residence Secondary Residence

41% 30% % Secondary Residence % Secondary % Secondary Residence % Secondary 2010 2000

70% 59% % Primary Residence % Primary Residence SENSE OF COMMUNITY 342 Park City, theBest Town TREND: Housing Occupancy, Tenure, and Type (continued) residential unitsmake up44%ofPark units andsinglefamilyunits. Multiple made upprimarilyofmultiple residential housing units.Housing in Park City is In all,Park City hasaround8,520 examples ofeachtype. multiple residential. Above aresome classified assinglefamily, condoand Housing unitsinPark City canbe Development TypeResidential Single Family–ProspectorPark for thePlanet the highestofanyneighborhood. Center’s unitsaremultipleresidential, in eachneighborhood,76%oftheResort percentage ofthetotalnumberunits the Resort Center with864units. residential unitswith1,094,followedby has thehighestnumberofmultiple by singlefamilywith33%. Old Town City’s totalhousingstockfollowed Prospector, Old Town and Upper Deer The Resort Center, BonanzaPark& Condo –Racquet Club Village 132 133 As a

family homes. their unitsdedicatedtosingle- Meadows stillhaveover50% of Canyon, MasonicHillandPark residential buildings. Thaynes housing unitslocatedinmultiple Valley allhaveamajorityoftheir residential units,with37% each. evenly betweencondosandmultiple Lower Deer Valley’s housingissplit Multiple Residential –Park Station 134 The majorityof 135 NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 343 SENSE OF COMMUNITY 344 survey asksresidentstoevaluate local “excellent” by97%ofrespondents. Overall, Park City wasrated“good”or Park City, theBest Town that contributetoa City. service strengthsandweaknesses seeks toidentifycommunityandlocal of some1,200 households,thesurvey a multi-contactmailingrepresentative National Citizen Survey (NCS). Through (ICMA) partnerstocompletethe Management Association City/County Center, Inc.(NRC)andtheInternational Each year, theNationalResearch Awards ICMA Voice ofthePeople Excellence TREND: Quality ofRecreation Programs and Classes. Programs from ICMAfor City ParksandRecreation Voice ofthePeople Excellence Awards Recreation Departmentreceivedtwo(2) In 2012, thePark City Parksand which torateorcomparePark City. creating benchmarkingcriteriain 500 jurisdictionswerecompleted, Individual surveys fromapproximately community’s overallqualityoflife. policy evaluation, andtoenhancethe resource allocation,programand of thissurvey areusedforplanning, for 139 thePlanet 136 The annual The results 138 137

Ride Center Award to Park City.to Ride Center Award highest designationandfirst Gold-Level Biking Association (IMBA) awardedits In May2012, The InternationalMountain Designation Ride Center IMBA Gold-Level overall highqualityoflifeinPark City. provide entertainmentcontributetoour that encouragehealthylifestylesand cities. Leisureactivitiessuchasthese and programmingthancomparison greater useofourrecreationalcenters benchmark. Our residentsalsomake facilities scoredhigherthanthenational well asourrecreationalcentersand recreational programsandclassesas community parksandrecreation. Our opportunities andservicesrelatedto connections andsignage. single trackterrainandwell-defined trail points forhavingover350 milesof evaluation, andPark City scored96 at least90outof100ontheIMBA’s Qualifying ridecentersmustscore as thecohesivenessoftrailsystem. trails availabletoallskilllevels aswell criteria, includingthevarietyofbike centers areevaluated onanumberof 141 140 Ride are usedbymany. During months. thewinter, thesetrails horseback ridingduringthesummer mountain biking,butalsohikingand system thatnotonlyaccommodates maintain Park City’s expansivetrail worked diligentlytocreateand nonprofit trailadvocacygrouphas Founded in1992,theIMBA-associated the Mountain Trails Foundation. City Municipal Corporation and superior partnershipbetweenPark This awardislargelyduetothe NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 345 Park City Sports Complex Park City Ice Arena Neighborhood Boundary City Limits Facility Recreation Treasure Mountain Middle School Middle Mountain Treasure New Prospector Park New Prospector Park North 40 Fields Park City High School Park City Skateboard Park Main Street Park Miner's Park Miner's City Park City RECREATION FACILITIES RECREATION Dozier Field PC MARC Creekside Park Creekside Dirt Jump Dirt Park Park City Library Field City Library Park Park City Golf Club Rotary Park Rotary There are four (4) major public There are four (4) The City: in Park recreational facilities Arena and City Ice PC MARC, the Park City Complex and the Park Sports are All of these facilities Club. Golf the recreation needs designed to meet City community, of the entire Park the four (4), excluding and three (3) of been designed the PC MARC, have Snyderville Basin to serve the greater area, as well. The to these facilities varies. Access of PC MARC is located in the middle yet the Park Meadows neighborhood by foot, bicycle, and can be accessed Walkability funds were utilized bus. in this area to improve pedestrian and safety by introducing sidewalks more visible pedestrian crosswalks. easily Club is also Golf City The Park by bus, with a stop located accessible Arena and the The Ice at the facility. Quinn’s Complex located in the Sports Junction area lacks any scheduled Sports and Arena The Ice bus service. via have access Complex do, however, trails yet lack pedestrian connectivity due to the lack of housing in the area. TREND: Location of Recreation Facilities of Recreation Location TREND: SENSE OF COMMUNITY 346 of theeconomicbase Summit County, tourism isthelargestsingle component The studyconcludes“Undoubtedly, follows: identified thenetrevenues byentity, as direct expendituresoftourismand sources. The studyinputthecostof $23,539,765 frommultiplerevenue tax, andPark City Municipalgained primarily fromsecondhomeproperty School Districtgained$21,972,411 countywide. Of thisamount,Park City spending in2007 totaled$68,596,632 Revenues attributedfromvisitor Park City, theBest Town 2007. dollars invisitorspendingtransacted visitor salesduring2007. $576 million and quantifiedrevenues receivedfrom visitor spendingbymajorcategory Summit County. The studyreported the economicimpactsoftourismon Planning Consultants, Inc.determined 2009 studyby Wikstrom Economic& subsequently Parkites’qualityoflife. A to thePark City economyand home owners,contributesignificantly Visitors, includingPark City’s second TREND: Tourism andEconomy 142 for thePlanet contribute substantiallyto thebudgets impacts areover$57 millionannuallyand by almost$300 million.Measurabletax Summit County) andincreasingearnings 12,000 jobs(54percentofallin over $1.6billionannually, creatingnearly generating totaleconomicimpactsof Expenditures Tourist Revenues Retail Retail Retail Retail - - Eating and Drinking Food Stores Food 3% 8% Retail Retail - Visitor Spending by Major Category,by Visitor2007 Spending , Summit County Building & Garden & Building Retail Retail 3% Retail Retail $0 $1,120,687 District School Summit North - 2% Furniture - Apparel Accessory& 14% Retail Miscellaneaous Retail Communications 10% $0 $2,732,746 District School Summit South 4% Other - Electric & Gas & Electric 4% $0 $21,972,411 District School Park City substantial propertytax increases. their currentresortlifestyle through County residentscouldonlymaintain contribution madebyvisitors, Summit districts inthecounty. Withoutthenet Corporation, andthethreeschool Municipal County,Summit Parkof City Occasional Retail Sales Retail Occasional Services Services 0% Recreation Recreation - Services Hotel & Lodging & Hotel Services Amusement & 25% $12,254,151 $19,231,023 County Summit 27% $5,615,082 $16,238,391 Corp Municipal Park City ” NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 347 Approximately, Approximately, the Park City limits. the Park (73%) of out of town seventy-three percent seventy-three guests choose to stay in guests choose to stay

143 144 How does this great infusion of people How does this great infusion of An estimated influence the economy? million dollars was spent by $67.1 The benefits festival attendees in 2012. to the local business owners, ski and the tax base is unparalleled industry, locally or by any other annual event Sundance Film Festival™ The statewide. million in earnings for generates $36 jobs Utah residents and supports 1,275 during the 10 day period. the 2012 Festival, 5,700 of the more Festival, 5,700 of the 2012 were international than 46,000 visitors visitors. Salt City, Park City, Lake Ogden all act as and Sundance Resort, Approximately hosts for film venues. (93%) of out ninety-three percent attendees plan to of state festival of their films in see the majority percent In addition, thirty City. Park said (30%) of nonresident attendees intended to ski or snowboard they with people) during their visit (8,828 and Deer City Mountain Resort Park being the most desired resorts. Valley percent seventy-three Approximately, to (73%) of out of town guest choose City limits. stay in the Park In mid-January an amazing an In mid-January in Park place takes transformation Street becomes Colorful Main City. influx of creative energized with an with a passion art seeking individuals the beauty and the of translating life, independent films. struggles, through flashing over, takes A heightened buzz for a glance at a cameras turn heads the latest fashions attempt celebrity, cold to hit the street regardless of the in town temperatures, and everyone The locals host becomes a film critic. in films, or out of town guests, take their work double shifts to maximize (10) potential profits during the ten open early Shop keepers day festival. The energy within and close late. while saturated with film City, Park aficionados, is incredible and captures alike. the love of the locals and visitors Sundance Film The impacts of the Festival™ infiltrates many aspects City community from of the Park and inspiring local film makers screening independent movies once to attracting a week at the library, During visitors on the global market. TREND: Sundance Film Festival™ and Economy and Film Festival™ Sundance TREND: SENSE OF COMMUNITY 348 which wentdirectlytothestate. million, seventy-three percent(73%)of the stateandlocalgovernmentswas$76 restaurant spending. The longterm occupancy, retailspending,and the Games includingaboosttohotel of theimmediatebenefits ofhosting As alocalhost,Park City reapedmany Park City, theBest Town hours of Olympic coverage. territories loggedin13.1 billionviewer 2.1 billionviewersin160countriesand estimated 2002 An Games. Olympic A totalof220,000 visitorsattendedthe diversity ofthecrowdsaccommodated. as amega-event, duetothesizeand event ofthehighestcaliber, known Winter Olympics. The Olympics isan Utah hostedtheworldduring2002 TREND: 2002 Olympics andEconomy million inprofits. games. jobs createdduringthemonthof jobs intotal,withapeakof25,000 games. The gamescreated35,000 billion wasspentpreparingforthe dollars. Intotal,anestimated$2.1 2002 Olympic gameswas $4.8billion The totaleconomicoutputfromthe 146 The Olympics yielded $100 147 The netrevenue to for thePlanet 145

148

following the Olympics. three percent(33%)during thedecade the availablepillowcount bythirty- growing demand,Park City increased Kimball Junction. To accommodate and theneighboring Olympic Parkat of-the-art Center ofExcellencefacility trains future Olympians inthestate- Ski and Snowboard Association, that with Park City beinghometothe U.S. of the Games. The legacy continues tourism trendsareduetothesuccess assume thepastdecadesofpositive the 2002 Olympic games, onecan impacts withinPark City ofhosting conducted tomeasurethelong-term Although nospecificstudyhasbeen percent (67%). and spendingasincreasedsixty-seven percent (42%)increaseinskiervisits Olympics, Utah hasseenaforty-two In thedecadefollowing2002 demand onthelocaltourismindustry. international map,creatingincreased The Olympics placedPark City onthe and venuescontinuetoberealized. media coverage(freeadvertising), benefits ofinfrastructureinvestments, • AND MOGULS Host of: SLALOM, FREESTYLE, DEER VALLEY RESORT 1999–2002 • Fourtestandtrainingevents from spectators foreachsession total spectators,anaverageof15,700 • 99.8percentoftickets sold,95,991 competition days • Six events, sixsessionson female giantslalomparticipants,48NOCs • 109malegiantslalomparticipants,87 NOCs female snowboardingparticipants,21 • 67 malesnowboardingparticipants,53 • 305sportvolunteers GIANT SLALOM, AND HALFPIPE SNOWBOARDING, PARALLEL Host of: GIANT SLALOM, PCMR 1999–2002 • Six test andtrainingevents from spectators foreachsession total spectators,anaverageof13,800 • 99.4percentoftickets sold,96,980 competition days • Six events, sixsessionson six slalom participants,38NOCs • 87 maleslalomparticipants,71female NOCs female snowboardingparticipants,20 • 56malesnowboardingparticipants,53 265 Sport volunteers 265 Sport NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 349 2009-10 2010-11 2007-08 2008-09 2006-07 skier days. Since then, the number of skier days. with skier days has generally increased, weather some losses due to unfavorable or economic conditions. In particular, 2008 the economic downturn in early reduced the number of skiers visiting winter, 2008-2009 City during the Park yet numbers have begun to recover. 2004-05 2005-06 2003-04 Ski Season 2001-02 2002-03 Park City Skier Days 2000-01 Winter Olympics, a relatively consistent Winter City’s numbers of skiers visited Park ski resorts, with slight losses during winters. and 2001-2002 the 1999-2000 Olympics, however, Winter The 2002 City as brought great attention to Park a ski resort town, increasing tourism during the ski season and improving our 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 0 200,000 800,000 400,000 600,000

1,200,000 1,000,000 1,800,000 1,400,000 1,600,000 2,000,000 Skier Days Skier Skier day is a day of skiing purchased Skier day is a day of skiing purchased the in a ski area, usually measured by number of skiers in any one particular City is As a ski area, Park ski area. fortunate to experience an above to average number of skier days due our favorable weather conditions and seasonal snow falls. Prior to the 2002 TREND: Skier TREND: Days SENSE OF COMMUNITY 350 Park City, theBest Town only 4,252. age (16andover)livinginPark City was while thenumberofpeopleworking City during2010 wasaround12,577, Total non-farmemploymentinPark draw workers fromaroundtheregion. Employment opportunitiesinPark City TREND: EmploymentandBusinesses City. residents ofworkingageworked inPark forty-five percent(45%)ofPark City Bureau estimatesthatin2010, only In 2010, itwas12,577.Between2001 farm employmenthasbeen declining. level ofthedecade. Since 2008, non- six percent(36%)to15,399, itshighest non-farm employmentgrewbythirty- level ofthedecade. Then, in2008, percent (26%)to11,303, thelowest farm employmentdroppedtwenty-six of ourworkforce.In2007 alone,non- crisis hashadamajorimpactonthesize percent (19%).However, theeconomic to 15,234, agrowthrateofnineteen farm employmentgrewfrom12,768 mixed. Between2001 and2006, non- Job growthinPark City hasbeen Park City in2010. percent (15%)ofourworkforcelivedin 150 This means that 149 Furthermore,the Census for thePlanet only fifteen since leveled off, declining onlypoint Sales declinedduring2009 buthave their peakin2008, at$608,470,090. percent (54.5%). Taxable salesreached taxable salesincreasedbyfifty-four the five(5)yearsfollowing Olympics, at arateofeightpercent(8.6%),whilein before the Olympics, taxablesalesgrew Olympic Games. Inthefive(5)years substantially afterthe2002 Winter 2010. Growth intaxablesalesincreased from $289,806,859 to$605,997,311 in Park City have increasedbyover100%, sales. Since 1995,totaltaxablesalesin has notseemedtoaffectbusiness The decreaseinemploymentandwages before decreasingto$2,722 in2010. $2,630. Wages roseto$2,879 in2007 between 2001 and2003, from$2,787 to monthly non-farmwagesdecreased decade. Adjusting forinflation,average in 2010 realterms,duringthepast non-farm wagessawalmostnogrowth, after thefinancialcrisis. Additionally, similar dropinnon-farmemployment (1%). Summit County hassuffereda in Park City decreasedbyonepercent and 2010, totalnon-farmemployment 151 500-999 employees: Source: Utah Dept. WorkforceServices Utah Source: alisker Club estgate Resort esort Express Systems riumph Gear 100-249 employees: 250-499 employees: Employers inthePark City areawith Deer Valley Resort Deer Valley Summit County Park City Fire Service District USSA Marriott Park City Park City Hotel Waldorf Astoria Park T Promontory Glenwild W All R Wal-Mart Whole Foods Smiths Home Depot T Skullcandy Stein EriksenLodge Montage Hotel Utah Intermountain Park City Park City Canyons R 100 ormoreemployees City MountainResort Athletic Foundation/UOP School District School Municipal Corp. esort Health Care

NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 351 153 Utah skier days between 1996 and 2010, 2010, Utah skier days between 1996 and it is safe to assume that a large portion tourist spending went into the Utah’s of local economy. Management Companies andManagement of Enterprises Public Administration Transportation & Warehousing Manufacturing Information Services Education & Recreation Entertainment Arts, Assistance Social and Care Health Insurance and Finance Wholesale Trade Public Other Services (Except Administration) WasteRemediation Management, Support, Administration, Services Food & Accommodation Construction Leasing & Rental Estate, Real Retail Trade Professional, Scientific& Technical Services Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing & Hunting Forestry, Agriculture, Mining Utilities 5% 5% 6% 5% 7% tourists has increased in Utah, from $4.1 tourists has increased in billion in 2010. billion in 1998 to $6.5 at $6.9 Utah peaked spending in Tourist but decreased only ten billion in 2008, billion in 2009 percent (10%) to $6.2 Since Park before rising again in 2010. resorts captured an average of City’s around forty percent (40%) of the total 2% 3% 2% 2% 8% 1% 1% Much 1% 152 0% Park City Area Area City Park Businesses by Sector 10% 0% 16% 0% 12% 13% of these sales undoubtedly came from of these sales undoubtedly came that tourism, especially given the fact employment and wages of workers ten in the region stagnated the past Utah to the According (10) years. Office of Planning and Governor’s Budget, the amount of spending by three percent (0.3%) in 2010. SENSE OF COMMUNITY 352 Park City, theBest Town it declinedduringthenext twoyears hospitality industry, with6,854, before of employmentintheleisure and in 2007. 2008 sawthehighestlevels 6,461 in2006, beforedeclining15% in theindustry. Employment grewto employment. In2001, 12,768worked the sametrendastotalnon-farm and hospitalityindustryhasfollowed Since 2001, employment intheleisure City. for nearly45%ofallemploymentinPark in thisindustry. Intotal,thisaccounted sectors. Around 5,682 peoplehadjobs accommodation andfoodservices in thearts,entertainment,recreation, hospitality industry, whichincludesjobs Park during City 2010 was theleisure and By employment,thelargestindustryin TREND: EmploymentandBusinesses in ranges). provided bythe State of Utah aregiven (employment figuresforbusinesses with between250 and499employees Hotel, and Stein EriksenLodge,each by the Utah Olympic Park,Montage around 500-999 employees,followed the largestemployersinarea,with Valley and Canyons Resort weretwoof 154 This isnot surprising,asDeer 155 for thePlanet increasing only1%,inrealterms. this industryhaveremainedthesame, month. Over thepastdecade,wagesin paid, receivinganaverageof$2,063 per hospitality industryarealsothelowest in Park City, workers intheleisureand In additiontobeingthelargestindustry in Utah. of allleisureandhospitalityemployment employment in Summit County and5% for 76%ofallleisureandhospitality leisure andhospitalityjobsaccounted employment in Utah. Infact,Park City’s in Summit County andonly9%of industry madeup36%oftotaljobs in 2010. Inthesameyear, jobsinthis 45% ofallemploymentinPark City Employment inthisindustrymadeup the cornerstoneofPark City’s economy. The leisureandhospitalityindustryis unlike totalnon-farmemployment. increased 12%between2001 and2010, to 5,682 in2010. Overall, employment (50% of employeesmadelessthanthis and 2010 wasonlyaround$1,903.42 wage inthisindustrybetween 2006 workers livinginPark City, themedian 157 158 For 156 for aworker livinginPark City was and 2010, themedianmonthlyincome the US Census Bureau,between 2006 amount). 2001 to $3,830 in2010. 2010, growingby38%,from$2,774 in monthly wagesbetween2001 and largest realincreaseinaverage services industrysawthesecond statewide. makes up13% ofallemployment to Summit County, theindustry While thisisalargersharecompared for around6%oftotalemployment. Park City’s localeconomy, accounting health servicesremainsasmallpartof Despite thisgrowth,educationand from 440in2001, to694in2010. period, employmentgrewby58%, between 2001 and2010. Duringthis saw thegreatestgrowthinPark City education andhealthservicesindustry of employmentopportunitiesinthe Following nationaltrends,thenumber here. Park City. Mostcannotaffordtolive workers inthisindustrydonotlive to explainwhyaround70%ofthe District. Health Care andthePark City School this industry, includingIntermountain largest employersinPark City arein 161 159 The educationandhealth 160 These lowwageshelp However, someofthe 162 According to According NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 353 Leisure & Hospitality in construction, there were only 480 in construction, there were only Even with these employed by 2010. fluctuations, the jobs in the construction the industry are, on average, some of The average monthly highest paying. was $3,561, wage in the industry in 2010 it decreased, in real although since 2001 terms, by 1%. In addition, the median monthly wage for a construction worker lower at $1,240. City was living in Park Utilities Percent of Percent of Workforce Trade, Transportation & Transportation Trade, dropping by 55%. During this period, dropping by 55%. During this period, employment was volatile, experiencing The period large drops and gains. saw a large and 2003 between 2001 by decrease in employment, followed Employment to 2006. gains from 2003 then shot up dropped sharply in 2007, only to fall further between in 2008 there While in 2001 to 2010. 2009 were around 1,078 people employed Government Services Services Financial Activities Education & Health & Health Education Professional & Business Construction Manufacturing Other Services Park City Distribution of Workforce Wages, 2010 Wages, Workforce of Distribution City Park Information Mining 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50%

$8,891 $4,669 $3,988 $3,886 $3,830 $3,735 $3,561 $3,499 $3,106 $2,091 $2,063 Employment Sector Average Monthly Wage Monthly Average Sector Employment $2,604. The difference between the The difference $2,604. that median and mean wages suggests in there are a few highly paid workers while the majority make this industry, less than $2,604. Another important industry in Park This City is the construction industry. industry saw the largest decline in and 2010, employment between 2001 SENSE OF COMMUNITY 354 Park City, theBest Town would expectbasedonthe statewide times theamountofemployment one industry inPark City hasalmost5 meaning thattheleisure andhospitality industry’s locationquotientis4.8, to the State of Utah. InPark City, the very highlocationquotientcompared leisure andhospitalityindustryhasa City and Summit County reveals the quotients fordifferentindustriesinPark the smaller area. Lookingatthelocation there thatindustryislessrepresentedin location quotientlessthanoneindicates smaller areathaninthelargerarea. A the industryismorerepresentedin quotient greaterthanoneshowsthat industry inalargerarea. A location the ratioofemploymentinsame employment inacertainindustryto this comparestheratioofanarea’s area relativetoalargerarea.Basically, the concentrationofanindustryin quotient. Locationquotientmeasures the easiesttounderstandislocation potential foreconomicgrowth. One of analyzing alocaleconomyandits There areavarietyofmethodsfor Growth Important IndustriesandPotential TREND: EmploymentandBusinesses for thePlanet quotients lessthan0.5, which means and miningindustriesall havelocation services, manufacturing, information services, professionaland business Park City, theeducationandhealth location quotientslowerthanone.In greater thanone,therearemanywith industries withlocationquotients economy). While theareahasno other makes sensebasedonourtourism distribution ofemployment(which Industry Unclassified Other Services Leisure andHospitality Financial Activities Natural Resources andMining Information Trade,Utilities and Transportation, Manufacturing Construction Education andHealth Services Professional andBusiness Services (compared to US)(compared an areahasacompetitive advantage higher locationquotients canindicate area comparedtoanother. While distribution ofemployment inthat economic potential,onlythe does nottellmuchaboutanarea’s By itself, thelocationquotient given thedistributioninstate. less thanhalfofwhatwewouldexpect that employmentinthesesectorsis Utah 0.84 0.95 0.95 1.06 0.03 1.05 1.05 1.33 1.13 0.8 1 Summit County/Park (compared to Utah)(compared 0.85 0.55 0.03 3.36 0.31 1.12 City .49 .86 .42 1.6 0.3 NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 355 -

164 Percentage Percentage Change 4.5% 21.7% 3.6% 3.4% 3.4% 5.9% 19.4% -1.4% -0.9% 4.8% 4.5% 1.3% 0.9% 2.1% Estimated Estimated Pillows 11,000 11,500 14,000 14,500 15,000 17,000 18,000 21,500 21,200 21,000 22,000 23,000 23,300 23,500 24,000 Estimated Pillow Inventory, Park City 1993-2011 Park Inventory, Pillow Estimated The above table references the growth in Park City’s leisure and Hospitality sector with an in City’s in Park The above table references the growth crease of 13,000 estimated pillows during the 18 year period between 1993 and 2011. estimated pillows during the 18 year crease of 13,000 Time Frame 1993 - 1996 1997 (January - November) November 1997 December 1997 April 2000 1998 - January 2002 - July 2000 - December 15, 2002 February 2002 - December 2003 December 15, 2002 January 2004 January 2005 January 2006 January 2007 January 2008 January 2010 January 2011 in certain industries, it does not indicate not indicate industries, it does in certain with An industry growth. economic might have quotient a high location very little it can, meaning grown all On the other future. opportunity in the in a region with a low hand, an industry might be growing, location quotient potential in the future. and have a lot of quotient with Combining location a much reveals employment growth picture of an area’s more complete City, For instance, in Park economy. industry has the leisure and hospitality seen negative growth in employment during the past five years, indicating but may that it is an important industry, that require special attention to ensure the industry stays strong. Employment Summit growth in this industry in County has been positive over the last five years, so this might indicate City is losing employees to that Park County in leisure and hospitality. the Industries with low location quotients, but high employment growth rates indicate potential emerging industries. City has two of these kinds of Park industries, the education and health services industry and the manufacturing Summit industry (the same is true for County). Industries with very little growth and a low location quotient are to grow. industries that are not likely SENSE OF COMMUNITY 356 that supportourcreative economy. grants toartsandcultural organizations agencies haveawarded $1.77 millionin Park City, theBest Town arts andculturalenvironment. Street—which supportandfosterour is the1926Egyptian Theatre onMain Summit County—the oldestofwhich (22) artsandculturalorganizationsin economy. There areovertwenty-two that positivelyimpactthelocal number ofartsandculturalinstitutions destination, Park City ishometoa As aworld-renownedtourist economy. that contributestoourtourism-based that areemployedintheseindustries to supportsome9,085individuals Economic Service Area (ESA)isable outside thecounty, theMountainlands drawn to Summit County events from sixty-four percent(64%)ofattendees Sunday Market. Kimball Art Festival, and Park Silly interest atthe Sundance FilmFestival™, events, mostlybecauseofgrowing attendance atlocalartsandcultural twenty-one percent(21%)increasein (2%) increaseinperformancesand 2011, therehasbeenatwopercent TREND: Arts & Culture & TREND: Arts 167 Local,county, andstate 166 With anestimated for thePlanet 165 Since 168 attendees overfifteen(15) Sundays. and craftsthatdrawssome 121,000 food vendors,musicians, aswellarts friendly open-airmarket featuring the Park Silly Sunday Market, aneco- September, HistoricMain Street hosts August 2011. estimated attendanceof55,000in contributed $18.1millionwitharecord country, theannualKimball Arts Festival of thetopten(10)artsfestivalsin significantly tooureconomy. Asone largest crowdsandcontributemost Festivals andspecialevents attractthe The Deer Valley MusicFestival,heldfor 169 Frommid-June through 170

City Foodand Wine Classic bringlocals International MusicFestival, andPark City FilmMusicFestival, Park City smaller festivalssuchas thePark economic activityin2011. days andgenerated$70.8 millionin from out-of-state, overeleven (11) 45,797 visitors,30,596ofwhomwere Festival™ in January drawsinover operas. Pops concert,andfully-staged Friday Classical Concerts, Saturday 5,000 spectatorseachweektotheir July and August, attractsanestimated nine (9)weekseachsummerduring 171 The annual Sundance Film 172 Other NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 357 1 0.5 !( !( ^_ !( !( ^_ !( !( !( !( !( ^_ !( !( 0 !( !( ^_ !( !( Miles !( !( !( !( !( !( !( ^_ !( !( !( !( !( ^_ ^_ !( !( !( !( !( !( !( ^_ !( ^_ !( !( !( !( !( !( ^_ !( !( !( ^_ !( ^_ !( !( !( !( !( !( !( ^_ !( !( ^_ ^_ ^_ ^_ ARTS & CULTURE IN PARK CITY PARK IN CULTURE & ARTS Arts Education Entertainment Venue Outdoor Entertainment Galleries Public Art City Limit _ _ _ 175 Similarly, the the Similarly, 173 Park City Municipal Park 174 Spiro Arts Artist-in-Residence Spiro Arts Artist-in-Residence (AIR) a summer workshop Program offers Silver program and cultural center at is The work of these artists Star. further promoted by the many art City as well as the galleries in Park held the last Strolls Gallery City Park the month. In 2010, Friday of every Mountainlands ESA estimated that $14.3 galleries such as these generated million in sales. Significant strides have been made, as well, to introduce art to and visitors together to celebrate the together to and visitors culture. arts and unique City’s nurturing to provide a City seeks Park the artists that find environment for small town. inspiration in our 300 over offers Center Arts Kimball The to the community, classes each year artist-in- RELEVANT apart from their residence program. Corporation and Summit County have Summit Corporation and further supported art by investing art projects, including in public $74,000 murals, (27) some twenty-seven sculptures, bus shelter artwork, have banners, and a sound garden that been installed since 2004. SENSE OF COMMUNITY 358 Park City, theBest Town welcoming nationalperformers from Bright Nightssummerconcerts series, grown toprovidethepopular BIg Stars, City Performing Arts Foundation) has Park City Institute (formerlyPark round. Inaddition,theorganization, town andthestudentpopulationyear Eloise, the1,300seatspaceservesboth Dance toKristen Chenoweth to Cirque community ever since.From Alvin Ailey for professionalperformingartsinthe opened in1998andhasbeentheanchor and DoloresDoreEccles Center was the cultureofPark City. The George S. The performingartsalsoaidindefining arts. school studentsabouttheexpressive educates 408elementaryandmiddle wide Arts-Kids afterschoolprogram the community’s youth. The district- Culture & TREND: Arts organizations in Summit County.in organizations events producedbyartsandculture after schoolprograms,fieldtrips,and total, some19,975 youthbenefitfrom education atthecollegelevel. $11,000 tostudentspursingarts art scholarshipstotalingmorethan are alsoeligibleforten(10)separate 12 Summit High School seniors for thePlanet 13 In 176 with over518,034 attendeesin2011. performances andfilms wereoffered premieres. County and92ofthesewereworld 2011, 260filmswerescreenedin Summit and theirworkthroughouttheyear. In to promoteindependentfilmmakers Institute Outdoor FilmFestivalcontinue and Sundance Documentary Series, City Film Series, Sundance Institute the Sundance FilmFestival™,thePark The culinaryartsaresupported through shows onBroadway. in TonyAward-winning participated three (3)formerstudentswhohave Program haslaunchedthecareersof events. The theatre’s YouTheatre The Egyptian Theatre alsoholdssimilar Summit County. is subsidizedfortheunderservedin of every audience,forevery event, their winterofferings. Twenty percent In 2014 they addedaspeaker seriesto TEDxevents since2009 forPark City. that haspresentednearlyadozen Store andIQHQ. And PCIisthegroup City versionistheMega Genius Supply Eggers 826 Nationalmodel. The Park literacy program,basedontheDave They have createdthefree,after-school Willie Nelsonto One Republic to Jewel. 178 Intotal,451theatrical 177 Inadditionto 179 and culture. in revenue thatwasreinvestedinarts Tax Grant programgenerated$418,900 In 2011, the Summit County Restaurant by thePark City Restaurant Association. Park City’s diningandnightlife,driven Glenwood Cemetery celebrationraises 1885 jailcell. The annualHalloween at Party heldinthemuseum’s original events suchasthe Annual Dungeon keeps ourcolorfulheritagealivethrough City Historical Society andMuseum our uniqueculturalidentity. The Park mining towncontributesenormouslyto mining andskieras,thehistoryofour seek topreservethebuilthistoryofour While ourhistoricpreservationefforts 180

NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 359

189

188 Fifty-two percent (52%) of 187 Moreover, arts and culture contribute Moreover, $129 million per year to the state million and produce $57 economy, from tourism. annually in tax revenue visitors selected events and concerts and concerts visitors selected events City as their reason for visiting the Park area, and tourism produces roughly million annually in tax revenue. $57 2010. Special events and fundraisers, Special events cultural centers such as the Kimball Arts Center and the County Summit Society and Museum, as well Historical as numerous other arts and culture institutions contribute to the unique identity of our small town. 186 At the same time, these 185 organizations rely heavily on volunteer organizations rely heavily on volunteer 1,735 volunteers aided support. In 2011, Summit in in programming and events committing more than 80,000 County, (38) hours equivalent to thirty-eight cost full-time staff members and a total savings of $580,014. locally in support businesses and locally in support businesses and industries. Not only is our arts and culture sector Not only is our arts and culture sector as vital to maintaining our reputation a tourist destination and developing but creative industries our identity, contribute largely to our local economy. traveled visitors over 3,213,165 In 2011, a 7.5% increase from City, to Park An Utah 184 182

181 Moreover, the online Moreover, 183 foundations and granting agencies foundations and granting agencies contributed an additional $420,327 County arts and culture Summit to organizations. estimated $32 million or seventy percent million or seventy estimated $32 County Summit City and (70%) of Park non-profit budgets are reinvested funds for site maintenance by bringing site maintenance funds for recreating life through actors history to City Park and times of the the lives the Together, buried there. residents museums—Alf County Summit four (4) Engen Ski County, Summit Museum, Sites, Community and Historical Echo City Museum—had attendance and Park in 2011. of over 291,204 “Live PC Give PC” fundraising drive “Live PC provides an opportunity for non- to profits, corporations, and individuals contribute to their favorite nonprofit day organizations through a one (1) that has raised over online event (79) local for seventy-nine $595,000 2012. non-profit organizations in Significant effort is made by state Significant effort to fund and county organizations City and in Park arts and culture During the 2011 County. Summit City granting process, the Park Visitors Bureau awarded Chamber and in funds to nonprofit over $220,000 organizations for special events. SENSE OF COMMUNITY 360 Park City, theBest Town downtown spaces andabandoned factories andnewdevelopments andsupport ofexisting programs. Artplace and and grantsoffered nowthroughthe National Endowment forthe Arts, shows thegreat imagination being applied in populations thanours, are makingtheartsacentral part oftheir communities. A lookatthe myriadofprograms You can looktocommunities outside of Utah, whereprojectsin townswith greater andsmaller, muchsmaller natural asbreathing, isbeing smothered here from aninversion ofimagination. for including artistic touches in railings orwalkwaysrooftops.Inspiring architecture isoften ridiculed. Creating art,as Yet the artsdon’tlivecomfortably/organically amongus.In newbuildings anddevelopments designers aren’t rewarded and fabric artisans andsongwriters. And more, much more. speakers. And artgalleries with soon-to-be discovered andcollected artists. And jewelers andpoetsglassblowers companies, Grammy, Emmy, Tony, Oscar awardwinners. Top sellingrecording artists.Emerging artists. International commonplace summer andwinter here. Every resortcanboast“aguywith aguitarin abar”...We havenationaldance The quantity andquality oflive performance isunmatched. National touring companies andheadline performers are But they should. much never, does anyonesay...Best artsandcultureproduct. Best snow. Bestrestaurants. Besttrails. Best schools. Best bussystem.Bestreal estate. Best mountains. And yet,pretty We like tocompareourselvesother resortcommunities in somekindofinvisible competition where wealwayswin. Or supported. Or elevated. They justaren’t celebrated. And theartsareavitalpartofthis Park City. Motivate them. The artswere avitalpartofthatPark City. work, into light, whispering oftranscendence. They knewthey needed theartstohumanize them. Elevate them. hear asopranosing init. The artsmattered tothem. They transported themfromtheir dark-tunneled, life-threatening 1800’s. Inatownofroughly10,000people, mostsingle maleminers, they supported anopera house andcameoutto I havealwaysloved thestoryabout Jenny Lind, the Swedish Nightingale, performing intheDewey Opera Housein late for thePlanet NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 361 ArtSpace compliment each other with grant monies and have been revitalizing communities from Alaska to Memphis, Alaska to Memphis, from communities revitalizing been and have grant monies with other each compliment ArtSpace . of $29.9million. for a total communities 46 grants in 80 Artplace has awarded 2010 Since Tennessee. with an artistic features water Where to be remarkable. cities and in by cities found the return on investment have They artists and for became housing buildings abandoned Where playful together. and guests to be residents invite bent, or bridge fencing into incorporated on buildings and in sidewalks and touches artistic Where for studios. spaces shared and we all of ideas intersection the and art meet at architecture Where and discovery. exploration building, encourage our community. known as, collection the prized in product finished get to own that to look at the we also need carbon offsets but with and how we can combat it can talk about global warming We predictable to maybe three from fivemonths of operation reduced ski resorts being the With product. product of that save dependent, not weather arts are, by and large, The else. full months of everything nine left with months, we are and and educate exist to entertain We and out. indoors can exist We rains. it when or a festival concerts the few summer all age groups and interests. illuminate can imagine. as you an industry are about as clean We ” the arts as commerce.” of embracing Think by created Audiences, and their Organizations Culture Arts and of Nonprofit Study to an Economic Impact According added When 2011. economy in to the billion $61.1 alone contributed organizations Arts, just the for the Americans the an is there buyer, ticket ways by that other in to an arts event-spent purchased ticket per $24.60 additional the to that, 1/3 of than jobs. More 4.1 million provide The arts nationally Billion. of $135.20 for a total spent, billion $74.08 additional to spend tend arts guests, overnight Out of area, of local residents. that almost twice and spend are non-local attendees visit. $1,000 per on average, We us. towns just like ski be a town unlike us, we have to just like towns ski other over edge If we want to have a vibrant it make of wall, side on the it paint play, an original out and into a totem pole, write it in carve it our story, have to sing and dollars. in deed and support it building of the next approved part of the design on even Beautiful, snowflake. as a falling are as fragile arts here The could all be gone. it that-poof... Because just like a memory. the way down...then...just or utilitarian laws, or good management or zoning planning codes for its long remembered is community/civilization No SENSE OF COMMUNITY 362 Park City, theBest Town Creating anannualevent like, The Mayors Awards forthe Arts, wouldbepowerful. Selecting onedonor, and someone Funding programming is essential. Having avibrant artscouncil thatadvocates foralltheartsiscritical. What immediate steps couldthe City take tosupportandgrowtheartshere? We haveto daregreatly becausethatis thevery place-the unsafe,unpredictable place-where greatness resides/hides. luck, itwilldelight andsurprise andstimulatediscussion farmoreoften. We have tobeboldbecausethe artsare bold. We haveto take risks and wehavetoknowthat art,being intheeye ofthebeholder, mayfail or offend. Butwith any soul. bedshelps fill andrestaurants andshopssellsreal estate disappears, Park City will justbeanother resort withouta The artsneed citysupport. They need money andtime andparticipation andvision. When thatclean industry, which at all. It wouldbeaspaceunlike anything elsein Utah, ortheintermountain west. Or maybe,justunlike anyplaceelse allows youtodream big. surrounded notbyother buildings butbyopen spaces. Big ideas happen in big open spaces.Feeling small andin awe, not beanother Aspen Institutebutitcouldlearn alotfromit. And here’s the mostcritical piece ofthis-it needs tobe conferences like TED ore.g. SXSW. The applicationsforthe Sundance folksandtheir associates areendless. Itwould here) andoffer ideas intotheworldwithout getting outoftheir skiboots. Where wecouldreceive live streaming from of it as, Skype on Steroids. A place where the Google guyscouldcomewhen they skihere (andthey do,already, ski And themostadvanced technical systemtopresent andprojectreceive images fromanywhere in theworld. Think space. Flexible,moveable walls togroworshrink the space,depending upontheperformance/conference needs. /original growth. A smartcenter, small,toaccommodate maybe500 to750 people seated. With anin-house catering There issomething missinghere thatcouldmake usdesirable forallkindsofnewclean industry Think ofthe enjoyment thatcomes fromcelebrating the artsasthe protected open spaceofthe mind. literary andstructural. buildings. Great civilizations andcities, areallremembered fortheir contributions toart-visual andperforming for thePlanet NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 363 Teri Orr Teri Executive Director of the Park City Institute City Park the of Director Executive who makes their living by making art here in Park City would send a powerful message of support and recognition, which which and recognition, of support message a powerful send would City Park in by making art here living their who makes more funding. chances of the increases and more recognition support and to more leads arts knows, the in as anyone than a goal stated greater that is a way in arts and culture embrace to honestly needs City The as important, But equally of everyday fabric the into arts the it and weave play it, sing talk but dance it, It must not walk that of paper. on a piece and joy if providing And citizens. effect on the and positive immediate else can have such an Nothing CIty. life in Park goal, add it. isn’t yet a stated beauty America. in to perform musicians European to bring Artists Columbia Paley) ( along with Babe Judson founded Arthur York and New Orchestra Philadelphia the toured He CBS television. became which CBS radio, grew to become It then music and their musicians those bringing show radio the county and had a most successful all across Philharmonic City life, he took successful enormously on his a bit back and looking older he was When America. of rural far reaches to the where voice, imposing his in her and he asked Park Central in Francis, old granddaughter, twelve year his a walk with And test. most important this not want to fail did Francis to be performed. for music America in city was the important City. York New guessed, she Park, Central in were and they York, New in was now all based business since grandfather’s her. he told America, in small town every is music for live important place The most her. firmly corrected but He gently only live the joy that to experience need are not alone and they to know they need They most. the music need They did. never and she told her he can bring. Don’t you forget that Francis, performance and Philadelphia. York New in organizations multiple with on to become a major philanthropist went Fran Kennedy arts center. a performing to the plans to create listened away, right she City, Park a second home in she purchased When fall for each for a week City York to New them the staff by sending and supported programs numerous underwrote She She 2004. in death her so until remained And she City. Park patron of the arts in quiet extraordinary She was an years. to it. access without any small city was, America in place for music most important knew the because she contributed, all in of life here, So the quality and out way. in breathe of everyday, in a kind City Park Arts and culture belong in to lift us daily. and imagination spaces of inspiration and places have and abilities, and for all ages climates town. Be bold little SENSE OF COMMUNITY 364 Park City, theBest Town TREND: EconomicDevelopment Toolbox • • brownfields sites: conducting environmentalcleanupat advantages totaxpayingstakeholders Tax Incentiveprovidesthefollowing reuse ofbrownfields. TheBrownfields Incentive encouragesthecleanupand calendar year, theBrownfields Tax extended throughtotheendofeach Clean-up: Initiallyenactedin1997and Tax Incentivesfor Brownfield Site may alsobeminescarredland. petroleum products). A Brownfieldsite contaminants, controlledsubstancesor hazardous substance(e.g., pollutants, presence orpotentialofa or reusemaybecomplicatedbythe where theexpansion,redevelopment A Brownfieldsiteisrealproperty Brownfield

Improvements in2006 expanded over aperiodofyears. rather thancapitalizedand spread deductible intheyearincurred, at eligiblepropertiestobefully Allows environmentalcleanupcosts for thePlanet making andredevelopment planning provide usefulinformation fordecision- the applicantandassessments can TBA's areconductedatnochargeto governments, ornon-profitgroups. (TBA) forqualifiedcommunities,local Targeted Brownfields Assessments Brownfields Grants. TheDEQconducts parties withapplicationforFederal governments orotherqualified Quality (DEQ) isabletoassistlocal The Utah DepartmentofEnvironmental •

petroleum contamination. the incentivetoincludethosewith the typesofpropertieseligiblefor past cleanupexpenditures amended toincludedeductionsfor Previously filedtaxreturnscanbe owners make acollectivecontribution area inwhichpropertyand business (BID) isageographicallydefined A BusinessImprovement District utah.gov/vcpbrownfields.htm their websiteat:http://www.superfund. information canbefoundbygoingto of Environmental Quality. More provided bythe Utah Department The aforementionedinformationwas funded upto$200,000 overthreeyears). Brownfields Cleanup Grants (each up to$1,000,000overfiveyears)and Loan Fund(RLF) Grants (each funded over threeyears),Brownfields Revolving coalitions arefundedupto$1,000,000 funded upto$200,000 overthreeyears; Brownfields Assessment Grants (each Opportunities forfundingareasfollows: substances co-mingledwithpetroleum). contaminants (includinghazardous hazardous substances,pollutants,or sites contaminatedbypetroleumand State grantsareavailabletoaddress necessary. for apotentialvoluntarycleanup,if A TBA may establishthegroundwork additional assessmentand/orcleanup). (such astheneedforNoFurther Action, Business ImprovementDistricts(BIDs) NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 365 act as fiscal agent are provided by the act as fiscal agent are provided Also, a ED. Office of Governor’s Utah Business Centers Advisory Resource Governor's Board is formed by the which Development Office of Economic of, will provide operational oversight and coordination with, the Business City has an Centers. Park Resource Park existing BRC that coordinates with Corporation. City Municipal was The aforementioned information Office Governor’s Utah provided by the . More of Economic Development information can be found by visiting their website at http://business.utah. gov/start/Business-Resource-Centers/. Act in 2008. Business Resources Resources Business Act in 2008. to increase (BRC) were created Centers in order Utah businesses to assistance The centers for their success. to allow be “one-stop resource are intended to coordination of centers providing education, tracking business support, of funding, to sources of clients, access expertise, talent, training, technical for new and existing and networking businesses. with various business BRCs will partner service providers located in their local service area and assist in the coordination of their activities, identify gaps in provided services, develop initiatives, and provide opportunities. Business service provider partners will include federal, state, county, academic, private and any other city, to business service providers that desire participate with the BRC. Center, create a Business Resource To the entity is required to secure matching The matching funds may be funds. as in the form of cash or in-kind such or facilities, services, personnel, etc., Governor's Utah as approved by the Development. Office of Economic Administrative oversight for the BRCs to maintain decision authority and

Business Centers Resource created State Legislature Utah The Centers Resource Utah Business the the process locally. the process locally. to the maintenance, development, development, to the maintenance, of their and marketing/promotion Services typically district. commercial park and sidewalk, include street, enhanced open space maintenance; marketing; safety and security; and various capital improvements; These services projects. development are in addition to provided by BIDs provided by the the services already City the Through a BID, municipality. amount of money bonds for a specific through property tax that is paid back is collection at the site where the money spent. which is assigned to the district in A levy tax as each property owner must pay the a percentage of the property valuation. The property owners must collaborate to create a Business Improvement Once created, the organized District. management and resulting cleanliness, and improved public realm, safety, into typically attracts new businesses the area. initiate Businesses must collaborate to SENSE OF COMMUNITY 366 Park City, theBest Town utilize amorecentralized funds-distri unique comparedtoother stateswhich ministered bythe State of Utah andis The Small Cities CDBG programisad- Housing and Urban Development. of Utah throughthe U.S. Departmentof Federal fundingisallocatedtothe State persons oflowandmoderateincomes." economic opportunities,principallyfor able livingenvironment,andexpanding by providingdecenthousing,asuit assist indeveloping viablecommunities pose ofthe Small Cities programis"to fewer than200,000 people. The pur 50,000 inpopulationandcountiesof grants tocitiesandtownsoffewerthan ment Block Grant programprovides The State of Utah Community Develop unique communitydevelopment needs. resources toaddressawiderangeof gram thatprovidescommunitieswith Grant (CDBG) programisaflexiblepro The Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) Community Development Block TREND: EconomicDevelopment Toolbox for thePlanet - - - - - about_us/contact_us.html. UDHC website: http://housing.utah.gov/ mentioned infocanbefoundonthe generally heldonceayear. The afore requirements forfunding,whichare a workshopwhichdetailtheapplication interested inthe CDBG programattend The State requiresthatcommunities and federalguidelines. for localprojectsconsistentwithstate governments whichestablishpriorities is basedonpublicinputthroughlocal bution process.In Utah, theprogram - The Governor’s Office ofEconomic an increaseinnewbusinesses. benefit fromarisingopportunities and ibility torespondthe market. Citizens pool ofpotentialstudentsaswellflex tap intonewresearchfundsandalarger of relatedcompanies. Universities can mation, newtechnology, andanetwork Businesses haveinstantaccess toinfor citizens, andeducationalinstitutions. tangible benefitsfor Utah'sbusinesses, economic clusterstranslatedirectlyinto tainable competitiveadvantage. Strong lence andcollaborationprovideasus- industry sectorswhosecollectiveexcel businesses andorganizationswithin Economic clustersaregroupsofrelated increased standardofliving. will resultinathrivingeconomyandan environments wherethesestrengths the development ofclusteredbusiness on itscorestrengthsandfacilitating economic models, Utah iscapitalizing to localeconomies.Basedonsuccessful nizations offerssustainableadvantages ciples wherecollaborationamongorga- designed aroundproveneconomicprin Utah's Economic Cluster Initiativeis Economic Clusters - - - - NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 367 average wage of 100% for the typical wage of 100% for average County Summit wage. new tax revenues. Generate capital investment. Significant Utah from Significant purchases vendors or suppliers.

• • • information was The aforementioned office Governor’s Utah provided by the http://goed. of Economic Development: utah.gov/relocate/incentives/edtif/ - - - Enter into an incentive agreement Enter into an incentive agreement Office of Eco Governor's with the which specifies nomic Development performance milestones. Create new high-paying jobs with an Maximum credit of up to 30% over Maximum credit the life of the project. credit in any one No more than 50% year. The life of the incentive is typically 5- 10 years. new jobs creat County, Summit For ed must pay at least 100% of county average salary. No retail distribution projects. Obtain commitment from the Park Council to provide incentives City and establish an Economic Develop ment Zone.

• • • • • • • Requirements: • Economic Development and is a post- and Development Economic tax credit for refundable performance, (sales, of new state revenues up to 30% taxes paid and withholding corporate the project over the life of to the state) It is available (typically 5-10 years). relocation and to companies seeking State of to the expansion of operations Utah. Policy: - mation is available at: http://business. utah.gov/targeted-industries/. Increment Tax Economic Development Finance (EDTIF) Increment Tax Economic Development tax credit is avail- Finance or “EDTIF” Office of Utah State of able from the Development serves as a catalyst to serves Development resources and policies align necessary economic that contribute to successful is to bring industry, The key clusters. and technology, talent, capital, research, government together around industry return sectors that possess the greatest State. Businesses on investment for the which align with clusters are highlighted State incentives. when applying for was The aforementioned information Office Governor’s Utah provided by the infor More of Economic Development. SENSE OF COMMUNITY 368 Park City, theBest Town factors. Some ofthesemayinclude: based onavarietyofeconomic distress its quality, andotherconsiderations basis ofeconomicdevelopment need, are tobereviewed andapprovedonthe ures. Applications for Enterprise Zones 36,324 basedonthe2010 censusfig- Summit County’s currentpopulationof on itscurrentpopulationof7,558and meets thepopulationthresholdbased lation oflessthan50,000. Park City located withinacountywithpopu with apopulationoflessthan10,000, lowed bythestateof Utah forallcities Destination in thelaw. claim stateincometaxcreditsprovided or expandinginadesignatedzonemay certain typesofbusinesseslocatingto, Development. Under theprogram, of Utah Governor’s Office ofEconomic Officials anddesignatedbythe State Park City andEconomicDevelopment an areathatwouldbeidentifiedby An “Enterprise Zone” iscomprisedof Enterprise Zones TREND: EconomicDevelopment Toolbox –Enterprise Zones areal- for thePlanet - • • • • • •

Economic DistressFactors. the proposedzone. See Utah's 12 ployment, andgeneraldistressin Pervasiveness ofpoverty, unem tive solutionstoeconomic develop cant's applicationpromotes innova The degreetowhichthe zoneappli- economically disadvantaged. individuals whoareunemployedor dents inthezone,andparticularly, will provideemploymenttoresi Projected development inthezone zone. development occurring inproposed probability ofnewinvestmentand funds orprogramstoincrease state andfederaldevelopment Applicant's proposeduseofother posed zone. economic development inthepro- Potential fornewinvestmentand posed zone. of commercialpropertyinthepro deterioration, orreductioninvalue Extent ofchronicabandonment, - - - - - rd_grant/goed_grants_utah/rdevgrant/. utah.gov/programs/rural-development/ Information Center athttp://business. tional informationvisittheirResource of EconomicDevelopment. Foraddi provided bythe Utah Governor’s Office The aforementionedinformationwas •

velopment specifies. Governor's Office ofEconomicDe Other relevant factorswhichthe local initiative. ment problemsanddemonstrates Enterprise Zones in Utah in Enterprise Zones - -

NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 369 and recording fees are 1.5% of the loan and recording fees are 1.5% of the and amount for each year of the loan These fees are financed into the loan. and are used to defray administrative monitoring expenses. - - Loan terms of 6 months to 3 years Loan terms of 6 months to 3 years will be available. Business is located in Utah, Summit, Utah, Business is located in or Wasatch County. Utah participation in the Successful University Small Valley Business Corporation Development program. A minimum of one job created for loaned. $3,500 every loans available. - $5,000 $500 Interest rates will not exceed 7 Jour Street Wall points above the nal Prime Rate (fixed over the loan term).

• How: Origination application fee. Fees: $25 • • • Details: • • Micro-Loan Funds (MAG) Micro-Loan of the microloan It is the purpose to level to provide an entry program with the potential a micro-enterprise eligible for tra to become a business is accomplished This ditional funding. and moderate income by assisting low and minorities to citizens, women through enterprise better themselves ownership. Qualification: - - -

ments are typically financed by General ments are typically financed by Obligation Bonds, or on a pay-as-you- local go basis. In each case, state and governments relied on current general to either pay off the general revenues the obligation bonds used to finance aside funds or to put capital investment, The main for future capital investments. gen source of funding in each case was primarily from general eral revenues, taxes. Infrastructure Investment State and local infrastructure invest its. Credits Enterprise Tax Zone or “EZTC’s” Credits Tax Zone Enterprise comprised of are enterprise zones be identified by an area which would Council with City City by the within the State Economic approval from the Office as designated by Development types of businesses Certain State. the in a designated locating or expanding state income tax cred zone may claim SENSE OF COMMUNITY 370 Park City, theBest Town rants topurchaseequity, or conversion an "equitykicker" intheformofwar tured asunsecuredlong-term debtwith Typically, mezzaninefinancing isstruc are nottax-deductible. pense, asopposedtodividends,which addition, interestisatax-deductible ex are oftenover10%offundsraised.In costs relativetoapublicoffering,which benefits includethelowtransaction placement wouldrequire. Other cost is oftenlessthanhalfofwhat tion, whichvariespertransaction,but The primaryexpenseistheequitydilu than thetraditionalequityinvestment. Mezzanine financingislessexpensive and putscalls,tonameafew. collateral; futurevalueofthecompany; of equitydilution;currentinterestrate; include: amortizationschedule;percent are negotiableandthatinterrelated investor andthecompany. Issuesthat financing balancestheinterestsof cial situationandconcerns.Mezzanine tailored toacompany'sparticularfinan A mezzanineinvestmentcaneasilybe Mezzanine Finance TREND: EconomicDevelopment Toolbox for thePlanet an equity - - - - - market financingare: The majorinvestorsinthe mezzanine cally ismadeattheend of Years 5to7. the investorhastobepaidinfull,typi- some equityconditions. A put,theright which resemblebankcovenants,and contain termsandconditions,someof current interestrateof13% to15%,and will amortizeover5to7years,earna rights intocommonstock. The debt provided by Theaforementionedinformation was • • • • •

Commercial banks nies Small businessinvestmentcompa Insurance companies Venture capital funds Mezzanine funds business.utah.gov. - NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 371 - - Bonds (IDBs) Industrial Development Industrial Development Bonds (IRBs), or Industrial Revenue at long-term capital is made available 100 to 300 basis points (1 to 3 percent rates for age points) less than market to 40 years. periods of 20 Single Family Account Cap Amount: Volume $116,684,400 Cap: Volume Percent 42% of Total Corporation for Utah Housing Users: single family homeowners. first-time Student Loan Account Cap Amount: Volume $91,680,600 Cap: Volume Percent 33% of Total for State Board of Regents Utah Users: university and college students. Stu Single Family Mortgage and The - - distributed our volume cap our volume into the vari- distributed listed below: ous allotment accounts Small Issue Account Cap Amount: Volume $66,676,800 Cap: 24% Volume Percent of Total Affordable Housing Users: Multi-Family Facili (apartments) and Manufacturing worthy companies starting ties (credit or expanding their business by building/ buying new structure facilities, equip ment, and/or land). allocates Account Small Issue The state volume cap to meet two critical needs: build essential multi-family jobs housing and create high paying the Through that will support a family. use of Multi-Family Housing Bonds and Manufacturing Facility Bonds, i.e., - - : http://film.utah.gov/mpif. Private Activity Bonds or Qualified Activity Bonds or Private Bonds Redevelopment is Activity Bond (PAB) The Private bonding authority Utah's tax-exempt source creating a lower cost, long-term Act of Tax of capital under the Federal allocates Government Federal The 1986. billion per year to states on a over $32 Utah receiving a per capita basis, with varied portion of the funds depending Each upon local interest in the program. state establishes its usage priorities by State Legislature has Utah The statute. tions. Productions under $1 million may tions. Productions 15% cash rebate. be eligible for a was The aforementioned information provided by htm. tion dollars spent in the State of Utah. Utah. State of spent in the tion dollars is eligible An approved production on every (in 2013) for a rebate of 20% qualify a To state. dollar spent in the spend a minimum of production must The incentive is state. $1 million in the credit or a 20% tax a offered as either produc cash rebate for qualifying 20% Motion Picture Incentive Fund Picture Incentive Motion rebate of produc A post-performance SENSE OF COMMUNITY 372 Park City, theBest Town recycled materials.More thantwenty that collectprocessand distribute ucts forsale.Italsobenefits businesses turing processesandcreate newprod- use recycledmaterialsintheirmanufac agencies toincentivizebusinesses product of State legislationthatallows as “Recycling Zones.” They arethe “RTC’s” areallowedforinareasknown What isit: Recycle TaxCredits relocate/PAB/pab-program/. following link:http://business.utah.gov/ mation canbefoundbygoingtothe Economic Development. Moreinfor provided by The aforementionedinformationwas tion and Solid Waste Control Projects. Users: Water Facilities, Sewage, Pollu- of Total1% Percent Volume Cap: $2,778,200VolumeCap Amount: Facility AccountExempt student loan. their firsthomemortgageorcollege of Utahns' long-termcostsannuallyfor dent LoanProgramslowerthousands TREND: EconomicDevelopment Toolbox Recycling Tax Credits or the Governor’s Office of for thePlanet - - • • • • Market Development Zones. nated bythe State of Utah asRecycling Utah communitieshavebeendesig

recycling economicdevelopment Technical assistancefrom state expenses (up to$2,000) oneligibleoperating 20% Utah stateincometaxcredit ment the costofmachineryandequip 5% Utah stateincometaxcrediton for: Market Development Zones qualify are locatedindesignatedRecycling Eligible recyclingbusinessesthat - - are intendedtohelpbridge thegapcre made throughtheRevolving LoanFund to obtainprivatesector funding. Loans The borrowershouldmake every effort the investmentofprivatesectordollars. should workasacatalysttostimulate eligible activities. The RLFprogram financing toqualifiedbusinessesfor Utah byproviding“gap”andstart-up Association of Governments” regionof term jobswithinthe“Mountainland (RLF’s) istocreatepermanent,long- The purposeofRevolving LoanFunds Revolving LoanFund tives/incentives-recycling_zones/ http://goed.utah.gov/relocate/incen Office ofEconomic Development at: tion pleasevisitthe Utah Governor’s Development, foradditionalinforma State of Utah DepartmentofEconomic cling Zones areappliedforthroughthe How: •

Various localincentives professionals Recycling Tax Credits andRecy- - - - NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 373 - - - rental/real-estate • Relocation of a business (from outside • Relocation not intended for “canni City, of the balization” of other in town) markets • Businesses impacted by displacement other (loss of lease to new owner with plans, etc). estate related ventures • Real Signage, retail presentation, display • work, etc. City Funded loan pro This would be a Council would estab- City gram that the The amount of the lish by resolution. loan program, as well as other param eters will need to be established at that time. - - - - the Mountainlands Associa Fund money. Fund money. be filled created should 51% of jobs indi- moderate income by low or viduals.

• information was The aforementioned provided by Governments Economic Devel tion of More information can opment office. their website at: be found by visiting http://67.137.116.245/site/departments/ view/4. Loan Small Business Loans (Revolving Fund) Loan The purpose of the Revolving Fund is to stimulate business develop private ment and expansion, encourage devel investment, promote economic opment, and enhance neighborhood vitality by making low-interest loans locate available to businesses willing to City, or re-locate from outside of Park City into designated areas within the Limits. for Loans are typically are available targeed businesses: • New and existing businesses Starting, maintaining, and growing a • business - - - - growth. A borrower must agree to cre Loans will range from $10,000- $50,000. ate and/or retain one job for every Loan (approx.) of Revolving $25,000 Loan terms of 6 months to 5 years Loan terms of 6 months to 5 years will be available.

• • Basic Requirements: • gram. Funds are available for business gram. Funds are Provo and Utah (excluding es located in County. Wasatch Summit, or Orem), can be used for the from the RLF Money or equipment purchase of machinery as well as working or other fixed assets accounts inventory, capital, including expenses, and receivable, operating Excluded for use of RLF is the labor. com- refinancing of existing debt, and pany relocation to another jurisdiction without job Loan Details: Interest rates will not exceed 5 points Journal Prime Street Wall above the Rate (fixed over the loan term). ing. Funds are repaid into the program are repaid into ing. Funds thus to other businesses, and recycled creation pro an ongoing job allowing ated by shortfalls in commercial financ shortfalls in commercial ated by SENSE OF COMMUNITY 374 Park City, theBest Town to payoffthebonds. property assessmentsare thenimposed to fundinfrastructure. User feesand which havetheauthoritytoissuebonds purpose, quasi-governmentalentities, Improvement Districtsarelimited- master planneddevelopments. Special ter, drainage,andstreetsto large-scale, districts istoprovidewater, wastewa The primarypurposeofmostspecial Special ImprovementDistricts TREND: EconomicDevelopment Toolbox for thePlanet - (PABs). tal BondsandPrivate Activity Bonds types ofmunicipalbonds; Governmen Act of1986distinguishes betweentwo est ataspecifiedrate. The Tax Reform rity dates),togetherwithperiodicinter at aspecifieddateinthefuture (matu money (facevalueorprincipalamount) a promisetopayspecifiedsumof A bondisacertificaterepresenting Bonds Tax Exempt Bonds–Exempt Facilities - - - bonds arelowerthaninterest rateson feature, theinterestrates onmunicipal Political Subdivisions. Becauseof this issued bythe State, its Agencies and/or local incometaxationifthebondsare and inmanycases,statepossibly is exemptfromfederalincometaxes on Governmental orMunicipalBonds benefit thegeneralpublic. Theinterest buildings, jails,parks,bridges,etc.)and sewers, governmentequipmentand purposes (e.g., highways,schools, Governmental Bondsareusedforpublic NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 375 - - nity Development Areas or “CDA’s” are are Areas or “CDA’s” nity Development any economic intended to undertake of purpose or community development including job growth or retail the city, sales. City will determine EDA/URA/CDA The are TIF’s City where areas within the gener considered. Incentive dollars are “prop- ated through the creation of new erty tax increment” that a develop When a company ment will generate. constructs a new building, for example, its property tax increment is the result - - - Areas (CDA). Economic Development Economic Development Areas (CDA). are intended for de Areas or “EDA’s” result velopment on land sites that will in the value-added creation of jobs. finding There is no requirement for the apply to the EDA’s of “blight” for EDA’s. partial property which can be vacant or Areas Urban Renewal ly improved land. are areas deemed “blighted” URA’s or City to that and a finding made by Park end is required in order to gain local assistance and to reasonably justify any Commu type of economic renewal. - - - ax Increment Financing (TIF) other types of bonds. Municipal bonds of bonds. Municipal other types full faith and credit by the are backed of the borrowing power) (taxing and bonds. issuing the municipality Activity Bonds are issued for the Private individuals or entities benefit of private basis a tax-exempt and are issued on meaning they are "qualified," if they categories the seven fit under any of Code. Revenue outlined by the Internal The of the categories.) (Utah uses four bond a tax-exempt owner (buyer) of on the does not pay federal income tax conse interest received on such bonds; quently, tax-exempt bonds bear lower tax-exempt quently, tax interest rates than bank loans or This lower borrowing cost able bonds. is passed on directly to the borrowing entity. Exempt Tax Businesses who qualify for at the Bonds can find more information Office of Economic Governor’s Utah at: http://business.utah. Development gov/relocate/PAB/pab-program/. T is the Finance or “TIF’s” Increment Tax ability to award incentives to compa nies locating in Economic Development Areas Renewal Urban Areas (EDA), Development Community (URA) or SENSE OF COMMUNITY 376 Park City, theBest Town site at:http://goed.utah.gov/start/. Office ofEconomic Development web available throughthe Utah Governor’s State of Utah. Additional informationis a partnershipwiththe City andthe Finance willultimatelybeenteringinto Businesses interestedin Tax Increment increment createdbythedevelopment. are awardedasapercentageofthetax erty taxrebateifthey seefit.Incentives public entitiesmust“opt-in” onaprop- specific. Ina CDA,the Cityandallother A CDA isprojectdrivenand development withintheareatooccur. specified periodoftimetoincentivize back tothenewdevelopment fora must agreetorebatetheirincrement et al)thatareentitledtopropertytax districts, schooldistrict Summit County, public entities(specialassessment an EDAor URA, the City andallother multiplied bythepropertytaxrate.In of theassessedvaluebuilding TREND: EconomicDevelopment Toolbox for thePlanet - range thatisequaltoat least100%of nesses willingtocreate jobs withapay of high-payingjobsinthe state.Busi post-performance grantforthecreation The Utah Industrial Assistance Fundisa Utah Industrial Assistance Fund - • • • • • How: qualify. the averagewagewithinarural County

other locations Demonstrate competitionwith profitability Demonstrate companystabilityand the Summit County averagewage. paying jobsequaltoatleast100%of Business agreestocreatenewhigh- milestones. ment whichspecifiesperformance ernor's Office ofEconomic Develop incentive agreementwiththe Gov- Business agreestoenterintoan cific Planarea. incentives withinBonanzaPark Spe Park City agreestoprovidelocal - - NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 377 ------The The The - Farm Credit Mediation Program Credit Mediation Farm offers Agriculture of Utah Department Media mediation services. farm credit solve problems process used to tion is a issues related to and settle disputed restructure and volun farm credit, debt of farm property tary liquidation - Service Program USDA Rural Business of this program The financial resources with those of other are often leveraged credit source lenders public and private and credit needs in to meet business are Centers Service areas. under-served Utah. located throughout rural - Corporation Utah Business Lending Corporation pro Utah Business Lending to vides "micro-loans" of up to $50,000 Utah startup businesses with good rural credit and adequate collateral. Higher loans can be provided with the approval Agriculture. Department of U.S. of the Governments - Association of Utah Associa Utah established seven state of in 1970 to Government (AOG's) tions of assist the state and local governments with multi-county planning, program econo integration, and optimization of mies of scale. Training/Custom Workforce Fit Training- This program provides specialized train - - - These - The - Utah SBA guaranteeing the loan they make. SBA guaranteeing the loan they Rural Revolving Loan Funds a funds specialize in filling the "gap" re small business experiences when questing funds from the traditional for lending sources by lending funds be that portion of a loan that cannot covered by the lender and the entrepre neur. Loan Programs Agriculture Agriculture and Food Department of Utah's agribusi offers loans tailored to ness community. - - - - The - - Licensed by - Licensed ing utilizing the SBA 504 loan Program. loan Program. SBA 504 ing utilizing the has a long history of This organization Utah. lending in rural Utah Microenterprise Loan Fund Utah Microenterprise Loan Program low- provides very small loans to help busi income entrepreneurs start their Currently the fund lends primar nesses. Weber Utah, Davis and Salt Lake, ily in in Box Counties, but also provides loans Wasatch and Summit, Morgan, Elder, Counties. Tooele (SBA) Administration Small Business U.S. a variety of special loan SBA offers The - programs to eligible small businesses that cannot borrow on reasonable The terms from conventional lenders. vary will loan program most appropriate with the amount of financing needed These and the use of loan proceeds. loans are done through lenders with the U.S. the Small U.S. Business Administration, corporation is this private non-profit in the growth responsible for assisting small and successful and expansion of by providing medium sized businesses fixed asset financ favorable long-term Various Business Financing Options Business Financing Various Finance Small Business West Mountain (formally Deseret CDC) SENSE OF COMMUNITY 378 Park City, theBest Town ing forcompaniestotraintheiremploy TREND set-up in-house recruitmenteffortsat viewed nationwide.DWS willalso ables openpositionsto be postedand to the American Job Bank, whichen- The Electronic Job Boardisconnected and othersuchcriteria. abilities, trades,educationalattainment applicants forthosethathavespecific tabase thatallowsemployerstofilter Job Boardisaqualifiedworker’s da- ties inthestate. The DWSElectronic help improvetheeconomicopportuni- employment andsupportservicesto of Workforce Services (DWS) provides ing Assistance- Employee Recruiting/ Screening / Train- ing andrequiresacompanymatch. $20,000.00 totalforprofessionaltrain ness location. This incentivesubsidizes Applied Technology Centers, orabusi- nity College campusesthatoffersuch, ducted atoneofthe State or Commu and universities. Training maybecon Technology centersandstatecolleges through the Utah College of Applied ees. Custom Fittrainingisadministered : Economic Development Toolbox The Utah Department The Utah for thePlanet - - - - commercialized through newbusiness technologies thataresubsequently State University (USU), tocreatenovel and Utah of U) (U of Utah the University vation teamsandresearchfacilitiesat ary initiativeinvestsinworld-classinno “knowledge economy.” This revolution- funded investmenttostrengthen Utah’s What isit: search initiative(USTAR) The Utah Science Technology andRe- Tools andIncentives Collaborations andotherEconomic fault.asp http://jobs.utah.gov/employer/dwsde and trainingassistance,pleasevisit ers interestedinEmployeeRecruiting industry#customfit. Forbusinessown at: http://www.ucat.edu/business/ ment of Workforce Services website was providedby The aforementionedinformation tion pleasevisitthefollowinglink: ing interviews.Foradditionalinforma- space atvariouslocationsforconduct the businesslocationandprovideoffice USTAR isalong-term,state- the Utah Depart the Utah - - - - - lished andoperatinglocally. This history Sutherland areamongthose estab Watson Laboratories,and Evansand munications, NPSPharmaceuticals, Com- Sorenson Laboratories, HyClone Companies suchasMyriad Genetics, 120 ofthosearecurrentlyprospering. on universitytechnologies,andover companies in Utah havebeenfounded Over thepast20 yearsmorethan180 ventures. - NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 379 the USTAR program, please USTAR the development facilities at the U of U and U of facilities at the development operates USTAR Third, USU campuses. to help outreach teams across the state entrepreneurs and existing companies and commercialize new technology the resources available at higher access education institutions. was The aforementioned information provided by visit http://www.innovationutah.com/ about/ - - - - - nia, and Arizona, and is structured with nia, and three main elements. provides funding that ac USTAR First, U and U of celerates the ability of the - USU to recruit world-class research focus ers, specifically into high-growth areas such as energy and biomedical Second, the initiative innovations. enabled the construction of two state- interdisciplinary research and of-the-art tional technology-based start-up firms, tional technology-based start-up and significantly increase technology job commercialization, high-paying in opportunities, and business activity Utah which will produce an associated USTAR The expansion of the tax base. of initiative draws from best practices Pennsylva Georgia, other states such as ties by providing funds to help recruit ties by providing teams, build state- talented research and assist research facilities, of-the-art The processes. in commercialization is to stimulate addi USTAR objective of panies and employment opportunities employment panies and economy. Utah’s that strengthen USTAR continues, ensure this growth To to leverage 2006 was formed in March State universi of the proven successes of success is evidence that the U of U of U that the is evidence of success - commercial can successfully USU and new com that create ize technologies SENSE OF COMMUNITY 380 increase byfiftypercent(50%). and foodenergydemandswill water willincreasethirtypercent(30%) predict bythatglobaldemandsfor Park City, theBest Town resources. consume thegreatestamountof percent (10%)oftheworld’s population are. Currently, the wealthiestten and ournaturalenvironmenttruly precious waterresources,airquality, limited, wemustallbemindfulofhow As naturalresourcesbecomemore TREND: Live Within NaturalLimits living withinournatural boundariesin Moreover, wemustbeever mindfulof footprints, andprotecting biodiversity. individual andcommunity carbon space conservation,reducingour sustainable development andopen to ournaturalenvironmentthrough elevations. We canminimizedamage ensure theiravailabilityforlower conserve ournaturalresourcesto responsibility tosafeguardand In higherelevations, itisour global conditions. the locallevel consequentlyimpact decline ofournaturalenvironmentat of theactivitiesthatcontributeto 1 Furthermore,experts for thePlanet 2 Many Community Level & Quality Water Conservation Individual Level Community Level Air Quality safeguard ournaturalenvironment. reduce ourcarbonfootprintandhelp There areanumberofwayswecan to environmentaldegradation. order tolessenourglobalcontribution • • • • • required totransportproduce. the grocerystoreandtransit local productstoreducetrips Grow yourowngardenorbuy reduce unnecessarytrips. Combine errandsbycarto school. bike, ortake the bustoworkand automobiles! Carpool, rideyour Reduce relianceonpersonal Set emissionlevels onindustries public transportation connectivity andaccessibility of Provide greatertransit Individual Level • • • • • • • or useappropriateload size Wash onlyfullloadsoflaundry, water. than runningunderhottap refrigerator overnightrather cool. Thaw frozenfoodinthe than waitingfortapwaterto water inyourrefrigerator, rather wastefully! Keep apitcherof Prevent runningwater by hand. wash basinwhenwashingdishes it isfull!Plugthesinkorusea Only runyourdishwasherwhen leaks. (EPA) dripping faucets,andhousehold annually duetorunningtoilets, gallons ofwaterarewasted the EPA, anaverageof 10,000 Fix yourleaks! According to use minimalirrigation. landscape plansorthosethat Encourage drought-tolerant health. Maintain andimprovewaterway yields ofthewatercycle. levels are withinsustainable Ensure thatwaterextraction NATURAL SENSE OF SETTING COMMUNITY 381 that require less power to heat/ less power to that require cool. of eco- Encourage the use building friendly and recycled materials. on alternative energy Rely solar panels and sources such as wind turbines. Star products to Use Energy reduce energy consumption. thermostat Lower your home’s in the winter and raise it in the summer to reduce energy use. • • • • Energy Consumption Energy Level Community Individual Level use, and minimize damage to the natural environment. Increase availability of high quality recreation without compromising environmental and cultural interests. trash! Purchase Reduce products with less packaging, recycled materials, or constructed from post- consumer waste. Build with eco-friendly materials • • • Individual Level Reduce, Reuse, Recycle! This Recycle! Reuse, Reduce, the growth of landfills. prevents Enhance biodiversity and natural ecosystems within wildlife corridors and open space. Promote sustainable that provide developments density and mixed walkability, selection on the washing machine to reduce water consumption. • • • Land Conservation and Biodiversity Land Level Community TREND: National Register Historic District Designations of Park City, but also are physical representations of Park City’s past influence in shaping the region and the nation. Park City’s Landmark Park City’s Historic Districts are often Park City’s Historic Sites sites have structures that possess referred to collectively as “Old Town” The Park City Historic Sites Inventory the highest level of historic integrity or “The Historic District” because (HSI) is the City’s official list of historic and their associated buildings and they are associated with the earliest resources deserving of preservation structures must retain their historic development of the City and retain the and protection. The current inventory, integrity in terms of location, design, greatest concentration of Park City’s originally adopted by the Historic setting, materials, workmanship, historic resources. The Historic Districts Preservation Board on February 4, 2009, feeling and association are comprised of six (6) separate zoning includes more than 400 separate sites. districts, each of which is preceded in The inventory is made up of Landmark Significant. Significant Sites have name by the term “Historic” or “H”. Four Sites and Significant Sites. Most of Park structures that are at least fifty (4) districts are made up of residential City’s Sites are located within one (1) (50) years old, retain their essential neighborhoods and two (2) are of the six (6) historic districts; however, historic form (as defined in the Land commercial areas, including Park City’s those Historic Sites located outside Management Code), and are important historic Main Street: the geographic boundaries of the to the history of Park City. These sites “H” Districts are also subject to these have structures that contribute to the • HRL: Historic Residential – Low guidelines. historic character of the community Density and convey important information • HR-1: Historic Residential Landmark. Landmark Sites are those about the town’s history, urban fabric, • HR-2A/B: Historic Residential with structures that are at least fifty and reflect the community’s past • HRM: Historic Residential – Medium (50) years old; retain their historic development patterns. Significant Density integrity as defined by the National Sites have structures that retain their • HRC: Historic Recreation Park Service for the National Register essential historical form, meaning Commercial of Historic Places; and are significant that the buildings must retain the • HCB: Historic Commercial Business in local, regional or national history physical characteristics that make it or architecture. Landmark Sites have identifiable as existing in or relating to structures that exemplify architectural an important era in Park City’s past. styles or construction types that were built during significant eras in Park City’s

HISTORIC CHARACTER past. They not only convey the history

382 Park City, the Best Town for the Planet NATURAL HISTORIC SETTING CHARACTER 383 SIGNIFICANT & LANDMARK HISTORIC SITES HISTORIC & LANDMARK SIGNIFICANT Significant Site Significant Site Landmark Street Historic District Main

Street rd listed in 1984,

The City’s Two National Register National Register Two City’s The Districts Historic of Historic Register The National official list the Nation’s Places is worthy of of cultural resources Authorized under the preservation. Act of Preservation National Historic is part of Register 1966, the National to coordinate and a national program private efforts to support public and and protect our evaluate, identify, resources. historic and archeological City has two National Register Park Historic Districts: Street Historic District, The Main listed in the National Register in 1979, listed in the National Register contains structures between 3 and Heber Avenue, located primarily Avenue, and Heber Street (shown in blue on along Main the map). The Mining Boom Era Residences Thematic District, includes residential structures City built during the throughout Park that mining boom period (1872-1929) were found to be both architecturally and historically significant. owners of private Under Federal law, property listed in the National are free to maintain, Register TREND: National Register Historic District Designations (continued)

manage, or dispose of their property St. Mary of the as they choose provided that there is Assumption Catholic no federal involvement. Owners have Church and School was no obligation to open their properties constructed in 1884. to the public, to restore them or even Largely unchanged, the limestone church to maintain them, if they choose not is representative of to do so. While listing in the National the Utah’s pioneer Register is honorary, local designation settlement period. as a Historic Site brings with it certain Because the church and benefits and limitations that are spelled school have retained much of their historic out in the Park City Land management integrity, the site was Code. listed on the National Register of Historic Historic Preservation Theory Places in 1979.

The Concept of Historical Significance. In Park City, a site may be considered provide an understanding of the culture of a property’s historic identify, historic if: and lifestyle of the area’s mining activity evidenced by the survival of physical and early ski industry. Buildings and characteristics that existed during the • It is at least fifty (50) years old; structures obviously change over time, property’s historic period” (National • It is associated with events or lives of but the materials and features that Park Service). Another way to look important people in the past; date from the mining and early ski eras at a site’s integrity is to ask, “Would • It embodies distinctive characteristics typically contribute to the character and the person who built the structure still of type, a period, or construction significance of the property. recognize it today?” Generally, the method, or is the work of a notable majority of the structure’s materials, The Concept of Integrity. In addition architect or craftsman. structural system, architectural details, to historical significance, a property and ornamental features, as well as its In most cases, Historic Sites in Park City must also have integrity. Integrity overall mass and form must be intact

HISTORIC CHARACTER can be defined as“the authenticity for a building to retain its integrity.

384 Park City, the Best Town for the Planet NATURAL HISTORIC SETTING CHARACTER 385 . For a building, velopments that vents, activities, or de --Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Historic Preservation Division Resources, --Georgia Department of Natural What makes a property “historic?” a property What makes shaped our history or that reflect important aspects of our history; (2) by embodying the distinctive physical and important aspects of our history; (2) by embodying the distinctive shaped our history or that reflect environment, or a style or type of building, structure, landscape, or planned spatial characteristics of an architectural by having the potential to embodying high artistic values or fine craftsmanship; or (3) method of construction, or by or other physical our understanding of the past through archaeological, architectural, yield information important to investigation and analysis. structure, landscape feature, historic site, or historic district, this means that the property must be relatively site, or historic district, this means that the property structure, landscape feature, historic to its significance must still be present. For an features relative unchanged. Its essential character-defining and layers of artifacts that the site must be relatively undisturbed, with its patterns archaeological site, integrity means integrity means that the site intact. For a traditional cultural property, relatively and other archaeological evidence revered in some evidenced through tradition, and still used or group, affiliated cultural must be recognizable to today’s way. Significance significant to be considered historic. a property must be and most importantly, Significance: Finally, direct association with individuals, e is defined in three ways: (1) through To be considered “historic,” a property must have three essential attributes: sufficient age, a relatively high degree of sufficient age, a relatively high three essential attributes: “historic,” a property must have be considered To and historical significance. physical integrity, means that a property must Generally speaking, this to be considered historic. property must be “old enough” A Age: way of looking at it is that a property Another of thumb. this is just a general rule years old, although be at least 50 its place in or archaeologists so that architectural historians, to have been studied by historians, must be old enough years old to be considered are less than 50 some types of properties that This latter perspective allows history is clear. “historic.” integrity sufficient age, a property must retain its historic physical Integrity: In addition to having