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Gm Cantacuzino Dan Teodorovici G. M. CANTACUZINO (1899-1960) Dialogik zwischen Tradition und Moderne Dissertation Juli 2010 G. M. Cantacuzino (1899-1960): Dialogik zwischen Tradition und Moderne Ein Beitrag zum Studium der Beziehung zwischen Tradition und Moderne in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts am Beispiel des rumänischen Architekten, Bauhistorikers, Kritikers und Theoretikers George Matei Cantacuzino Von der Fakultät Architektur und Stadtplanung der Universität Stuttgart zur Erlangung der Würde eines Doktor-Ingenieurs (Dr. Ing.) genehmigte Abhandlung Vorgelegt von Dan Teodorovici aus Kronstadt (Siebenbürgen) Hauptberichter: Prof. Dr. Ing. Helmut Bott Städtebau-Institut Mitberichter: Prof. Dr. phil. habil. Klaus Jan Philipp Institut für Architekturgeschichte Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 21. Juli 2010 Städtebau-Institut der Universität Stuttgart 2010 1 . GMC in Berlin auf Dienstreise im Auftrag der rumänischen Eisenbahn CFR, August 940 (AMLSC). 2 Inhalt 1. Einleitung ............................................................................................ 5 .1 Motivation und Themenstellung ......................................................... 5 1.2 Biografische Notiz ................................................................................. 5 .3 Moderne und architekturtheoretischer Diskurs in Rumänien ........ 6 .4 Forschungsstand .................................................................................... 7 .5 Zielsetzung .............................................................................................. 8 .6 Arbeitsmethode ...................................................................................... 9 .7 Aufbau der Arbeit .................................................................................. 0 .8 Anmerkungen zur Recherche (Archive, Begegnungen) .................. 0 .9 Danksagung ............................................................................................ 2. Anmerkungen zur Geschichte Rumäniens ................................. 3. Ein intellektuelles Portrait ............................................................... 6 . Familiärer Hintergrund: die Cantacuzinos, Aristokratie und Großbürgertum in Rumänien .............................................................. 7 .2 Kindheit in Wien (899-909) ............................................................. 22 . Schuljahre in Montreux (90-ca. 94) ............................................ 28 .4 Abitur, Erster Weltkrieg, erste Ausstellung (ca. 94-98) ........... 0 .5 Lehr- und Studienjahre (99-929) ................................................... 2 .5.2 Frankophonie in Rumänien ................................................................. .5. Studium an der Pariser École des Beaux-Arts .................................. 5 3.5.4 Mogoşoaia ............................................................................................... 60 .5.5 Bürogründung mit August Schmiedigen ........................................... 64 .5.6 Studienreisen, Arbeitsethos und Muße .............................................. 77 .5.7 GMC 920-929: eine Bilanz ............................................................... 8 .6 Aufbruch und Fruchtbarkeit in trüber Zeit (929-940) (I) .......... 87 .6. Politisch-wirtschaftliche Kontexte der Zwischenkriegszeit ............ 87 .6.2 GMCs politische Haltung ..................................................................... 98 .7 Aufbruch und Fruchtbarkeit in trüber Zeit (929-940) (II) ......... 02 .7. Anmerkungen zu GMCs Beiträgen zur Modernisierung Rumäniens ................................................................. 02 .7.2 Architektur und Städtebau ................................................................... 04 3.7.3 Malerei und Grafik ................................................................................ 20 .7.4 Architekturpublizistik und Reisen ....................................................... 22 .8 Hinwendung zum angelsächsischen Kulturraum (98-940) ...... 29 .8. British Institute, Bukarest ..................................................................... 29 3.8.2 Der Pavillon für die New Yorker Weltausstellung 1939 .................. 4 .8. Ausklang der 90er Jahre .................................................................... 44 .9 Unter drei Diktaturen (940-960) ..................................................... 46 .9. Faschismus, Carlton-Katastrophe, Gefängnisaufenthalt und Kriegseinsatz (940-94) .................................................................... 46 3.9.2 Berufliche Tätigkeit 1942-1948 ............................................................ 48 .9. Hoffnung auf Demokratisierung (944-947) ................................ 59 .9.4 Gefängnisaufenthalte (948-954) ...................................................... 6 .9.5 Tätigkeit am Denkmalschutzamt (954-957) ................................... 62 .9.6 Informeller Diözesanbaumeister in Jassy (957-960) .................... 65 4. Ein Architekt und die klassische Haltung .................................. 67 4. Begriffsklärungen .................................................................................. 68 4.2 Anmerkungen zur klassischen Haltung GMCs ................................. 69 4.3 Ethik und Ästhetik ................................................................................ 86 4.4 Tradition und Moderne ........................................................................ 95 4.5 Gedanken zur klassischen Haltung ..................................................... 204 5. Anhang ................................................................................................... 25 5. Werkverzeichnis ..................................................................................... 25 5.2 Essays (Rumänisch/Deutsch) .............................................................. 276 5.3 Dokumente ............................................................................................. 2 6. Zusammenfassung ............................................................................. 0 6.. Zusammenfassung (Deutsch) .............................................................. 0 6.2 Abstract (Englisch) ................................................................................ 0 7. Verzeichnisse 7.1 Abkürzungsverzeichnis .......................................................................... 6 7.2 Namenskonkordanz .............................................................................. 7 7.3 Liste der Ausstellungen GMCs ........................................................... 8 7.4 Quellen- und Literaturverzeichnis zu GMC ...................................... 9 7.5 Allgemeines Literaturverzeichnis ........................................................ 46 7.6 Abbildungsverzeichnis .......................................................................... 58 8. Personenregister .................................................................................. 6 Motto Die Architektur ist eine Kunst, in der Traum und Lyrismus nichts zu suchen haben. G. M. Cantacuzino, in: Der Künstler und die Freiheit, Simetria VIII. Bukarest 947, S. 04. 4 1. Einleitung 1.1 Motivation und Themenstellung Mein Interesse für das Werk von George Matei Cantacuzino (899-960) geht auf eine Anthologie seiner Schriften zurück, die ich im Sommer 996 in einem Bukarester Antiquariat zufällig2 entdeckt habe (s. Abb. 2). Der frische Schreibstil und der kritische Geist, die die Essays prägen, haben mich angezogen. Mit der Lektüre ist meine Sympathie für die Persönlichkeit G. M. Cantacuzinos (in der Folge GMC genannt) gewachsen, die weltbürgerlich ausstrahlt und zugleich lokal verankert ist. Sein architektonisches Werk ist breitgefächert und stilistisch reich- haltig. Dies hat mich bewogen, der Frage nachzugehen, ob GMC sich bewusst einer eindeutigen Stilzuordnung entzogen haben könnte. Sein Antrieb dürfte mit dem Bestreben zusammenhängen, Tradition und Moderne in der Architektur nicht als Gegensätze zu betrachten, die einander a priori ausschließen. Vielmehr begreift GMC Tradition und Moderne als Verschiedenheiten, die sich fruchtbar miteinander verbinden lassen. Für ihn bildet dies den Kern einer „klassischen Haltung“, die aktuell erscheint. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich, dass es sich im Fall GMCs um einen „chemin 2. GMC, Izvoare şi popasuri [Quellen und Augen- effacé“4 der Moderne handelt. Denn manche Etappen seines Werkes und Le- blicke der Rast]. Bukarest 977. bens befinden sich im Halbschatten, wohingegen andere im Dunkeln geblieben sind. Außerhalb Rumäniens ist dieser „Funktionalist und Palladianer“5 nahezu unbekannt. In der rumänischen Fachwelt selbst gilt er zwar als einer der Doyen der rumänischen Moderne, doch eine umfassende wissenschaftliche Würdigung seines Werkes fehlt offensichtlich. Die vorliegende Studie möchte diese Lücke schließen. Daran ist auch der Wunsch geknüpft, einen Beitrag zur Reintegration rumänischer Architekturkultur in den europäischen Diskurs anzubieten. 1.2 Biografische Notiz GMC entstammt einer rumänischen Adelsfamilie byzantinischen Ursprungs.6 Geboren 899 in Wien, wächst er dreisprachig auf (Französisch, Rumänisch und Deutsch) und genießt die Schulausbildung in der Schweiz und Rumänien. Das Architekturstudium absolviert er an der Pariser École des Beaux-Arts (920- 929). GMC gehört zum Kreis der Intellektuellen, die zwischen den zwei Welt- kriegen ein modernes Rumänien mitaufbauen. In einer kurzen Lebensspanne entfaltet er eine breitangelegte, reichhaltige schöpferische Tätigkeit als Architekt, Theoretiker,
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