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Annual Report of the State Geologist for the Year 1890

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Annual Report of the State Geologist for the Year 1890 6E01,0C,ICAI, SUI{VEY ()F NEW J I'RSEY ANNUAL REPORT OF Till." STATE GEOLOGIST FOR THE YEAR 1890 TRENTON NEW JERSEY TIt_ JOHN i. _URpIIv P_BLISHING _OMpANy _IIINTER;4 NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY I 1 BOARDOF MANAGERS. I- _ f His Excellency LEON ARBETr_ Governor and ex- o_T_/oPresident of the Board ....................... Trenton. _[. CONGRE._SIONAL DISTRICT. / JOHN CLEME_'r ............................................ Haddonfield. CLEMEnt H. SINSlCKSON............... :............... Salem. / ,J II. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. EMMOR ROBERTS .......................................... Moorestown. HENRY S. LrI'rLE ........................................ Trenton. III. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. WILLIAM H. HENDRICKSON ............................ Middletown. HENRY AtTKE_ ............................................ Elizabeth. IV, CONOR]_SSIONAL DISTRICT. SELDEN T. SCRANTON.................................... Oxford Furnace. THOMAS LAWRENCE...................................... Hamburg. V. OONORESSIONAL DISTRICT. AUGUSTUS W. CUTLER................................... Morristown. GEORGE RICHARDS....................................... Dover. VL CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. WILLIAM M. FOaCE ..................................... Newark. THOMAS T. KII_N_Y ...................................... Newark. VII. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. LEBBRUS B. WARD ....................................... Jersey City. SAMUEL B. DOD........................................... Hoboken. (3) NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGICALSURVEYSTAFF. STATE G EOI20G I_T. .I()H.'_ C. S._Ioc]; ............................................ Trenton. A88ISTAb;T-IN-CHARGE OF OFFICE. IRVZ.xCS.. UPso=,"..........................................New Brunswick. ASSISTANT GEOLOGISTS. FRA.XK L. NASO,_........................................ New Brunswick. C. W. COMA_............................................... Trenton. GARTOGRA PHER. 4'. C. \TER_EOLE ........................................... New_ York City. (5} NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY To IIi8 .h.)'xeellenc!lHon. Leon Abbett, Governor of the Slate of .tVeur d'eraey and ex-o_tteio PreMdent of the Board of Managers of the Geological Survey of New Jersey : SIR--I beg leave to present herewith the Annual Report of the Geological Survey for the year 1890. Respectfully submitted, JOHN C. SMOCK, State Geologist. TBENTO_ N. J., December 16th, 1890. (7) NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT. In the organization of the Geological" Survey subsequent to the death of the late State Geologist, Dr. George H. Cook, September 22d, 1889, Irving S. Upson was appointed Assistant-in-charge of the office. The business management and general direction of the work were retained by him until the 1st of October, 1890, when I assumed charge of the Survey and entered upon the duties of the ot_ce as State Geologist. Mr. Upson has remained in charge of the office at New Brunswick, has done much of the clerical Work and had the care and supervision of the distribution of the maps, reports and other publi- cations. This annual report covers the work done under his direction and that under the present administration during the year 1890. Frank L. _ason, Assistant Geologist, in the service of the Survey sines 1888, has been engaged in the study of the crystalline rocks of the Highlands and of the magnetic iron ores of that district_ and has prepared reports on his observations in the field. C. W. Coman was hired as an assistant geologist in September and began work in Monmouth county. He has continued his field investigations throughout the season and has prepared a short sum- mary of the results of his work. George C. Bullock, Alfred A. Cannon and Burton S. Philbrook have given efficient service to the work of distribution in the office at :New Brunswick. Hatfield Smith has been retained as general assistant and he has given some time to the preparation of rock sections for microscopic study. C. C. Vermeule, Topographer of the Geologleal Survey for the years 1880-1887, has been engaged in a special work on the Water- Supply and Water-Power of the State. He has revised the new edi- tions of the atlas sheets which have been issued during the year. The (9) NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 10 ANNUAL REPORT OF results of the field-work done under his direction make up a large part of this report. The office of the Survey has been removed to the State'House in Trenton. The distribution is attended to by Mr. Upson, at New Brunswick, for the present. GEOLOGICAL WORK I_ THE NORTH]_RN PART O F THE STATE, Frank L. Nason, Assistant Geologist in the service of the Geologi- cal Survey, has been at work in the northern part of the State through- out the field season. From April to the middle of June he was engaged in the survey of the outcrops of slaty rocks (hydromica slate) and the associated schistose rocks and crystalline limestones which crop out in small isolated areas along the southeast border of the Highlands. Several new localities have been found and noted by him, and the range of the outcrops has been traced and the bound- aries defined from Montville, in Morris county, to Stony Point and Tompkins Cove, on the Hudson river, in New York. The areas of these outcrops have been outlined on the geological map, and the structural relations of the rocks to the adjacent formations have been determined. Further study, and particularly in the direction of llthologlcal work, is necessary to supplement the field observations before publishing the detailed results of this Survey. More than one hundred typical rock specimens have been collected for the State Museum, for exhibition and for future studies. During the summer and a part of the autumn he was at work in the limestone valleys, on the northwest border of the Highlands, and made a detailed survey of these rocks in the Vernon valley, in Sus- sex county. The "white limestones," "crystalline limestones_" or "metamorphic limestones," as they are variously designated, in this valley, have been described in the reports of the Geological Survey since 1864, as members of the series of crystalline rocks of the Azoic or Arehean age. Mr. Nason's careful examination of the outcrops has resulted in the discovery of organic remains in these limestones which give a clue to their age and determine their relative horizon. The fossils discovered have been referred by Prof. Charles E. Beecher, of Yale University, to the Cambrian and below the Potsdam sand- stone formation, the oldest fossiliferous horizon hitherto known in the State. This discovery is of importance in the solution of the NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THE STATE GEOLOGIST. 11 problem of the age of these limestones, which has been so long time dis- cussed. It bears indirectly upon the question of the age of the asso- ciated crystalline schists of the Highlands also. As a contribution to our knowledge of the fossils occurring iu the State, it is noteworthy. The study of the outcrops has brought out clearly the intimate relations of the white limestones and the common blue limestones, and that of both of these formations to the sandstones and quartzites of the valley. The gradation from the white to the blue limestone within short distances and their conformity, indicate that they are parts of one series; metamorphic or altered structure is apparently to be assigned to diverse conditions. The so-called "gneisses" of pre- vious reports are proven to be eruptive rocks--granites, dlabeses and scapolite rocks princlpally--and not interstratified beds or members with the limestones. The metamorphic condition of the limestones in the vicinity of these eruptive rocks is noteworthy, and suggestive of the cause of the altered condition of the former class. Inasmuch as the apparent interbedding of the "gneisses" and the white limestones was the ground for the contemporaneous age of these rocks, this de- termination of the true nature of these crystalline rocks associated with the limestones, upsets that hypothesis and eliminates the latter from the Archean series. The several sections made across the Vernon valley, between Franklin Furnace and McAfee, illustrate these statements, as also the fall detailed notes of Mr. _Nason's report. A small geological map shows their location and the areas of the several rocks described in his report. A large number of specimens have been collected from the valley for exhibition and for future studies in the laboratory. Additional detailed surveys of the other limestone areas ou the western border of the Highlands, and in fact of all of the country of the crystalline rocks, are necessary to an accurate knowledge of the relative p'osition and true nature of these formations, hitherto grouped under the generic title of Archean, and for their correct representa- tion on the new geological map of the State. The valuable zinc-ore deposits, and magnetic and hematite iron ores on this side of the Highlands, in and near these crystalline limestone outcrops, show the importance of more information and of an accurate survey of these outcrops and of the adjacent territory, in order to a thorough acquaint- ance with the modes of occurrence and other data, which may become available in the exploration and searching for other deposits of extent NEW JERSEY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 12 ANNUAL REPORT OF and value. And it is hoped that further geological investigations may have a practical bearing upon the modes of searching for ore deposits in all of the Highlands. In obedience to my instructions, given on assuming direction of the Survey, Mr. N_son began in October the work of visiting
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