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Terror Operations: Case Studies in Terrorism 25 July 2007 TRADOC G2 Handbook No.US 1.01, Terror Army Operations: CaseTRADOC Studies in Terrorism 25 July 2007 TRADOC G2 Handbook No. 1.01 TerrorTerror OperationsOperations CaseCase StudiesStudies inin TerrorismTerrorism US Army Training and Doctrine Command TRADOC G2 TRADOC Intelligence Support Activity (TRISA) - Threats Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 25 July 2007 DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. TRADOC G2 Handbook No. 1.01, Terror Operations: Case Studies in Terrorism 25 July 2007 Summary of Change U.S. Army TRADOC G2 Handbook No. 1.01 Terror Operations: Case Studies in Terror This handbook dated 25 July 2007 – • Adds one case study on the “Beslan: Hostage Crisis and Mass Murder” as chapter 6. • Adds bibliographical references to support Chapter 6. • Adds source notes to support images in Chapter 6. TRADOC G2 Handbook No. 1.01, Terror Operations: Case Studies in Terrorism 25 July 2007 Preface Terror Operations: Case Studies in Terrorism is a supplemental handbook that presents several terrorist incidents in a case study methodology. This handbook supports a U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command, TRADOC G2 capstone reference guide on terrorism, TRADOC G2 Handbook No. 1, A Military Guide to Terrorism in the Twenty-First Century. Both the capstone guide and supplemental handbook are prepared under the direction of the TRADOC G2, TRADOC Intelligence Support Activity-Threats. Understanding terrorism spans foreign and domestic threats of nation-states, rogue states with international or transnational agent demonstrations, and extremist cells with members or loosely affiliated actors with specific strategies, tactics, and targets. A central aspect of this handbook comprises foreign and domestic threats against the United States of America in a contemporary operational environment (COE). Purpose. This informational handbook supports institutional training, professional military education, and operational missions for U.S. military forces in the War on Terrorism (WOT). This document provides an introduction to the nature of terrorism and recognition of terrorist threats to U.S. military forces. A common situational awareness by U.S. military forces considers three principal venues for armed forces: forces that are deployed, forces that are in- transit to or from an operational mission, and forces that are primarily installation or institution support. Compiled from open source materials, this handbook promotes a “Threats” perspective and enemy situational awareness of U.S. strategies and operations in combating terrorism. Neither a counterterrorism directive nor antiterrorism manual, this handbook complements but does not replace Army training and intelligence products on terrorism. Intended Audience. This handbook exists primarily for U.S. military forces; however, other applicable groups include interdepartmental, interagency, intergovernmental, civilian contractor, nongovernmental, private volunteer, and humanitarian relief organizations, and the general citizenry. Handbook Use. Study of contemporary terrorist motivations and behavior, terrorist goals and objectives, and knowledge of terrorist tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP) improve training and readiness of U.S. military forces. This handbook will be updated as necessary to enhance a current and relevant resource. A selected bibliography presents citations for detailed study of specific terrorism topics. Unless stated otherwise, masculine nouns or pronouns do not refer exclusively to men. Proponent Statement. Headquarters, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) is the proponent for this publication. Periodic updates will accommodate emergent user requirements on terrorism. Send comments and recommendations on DA Form 2028 directly to Director, U.S. Army TRADOC Intelligence Support Activity (TRISA)-Threats, ATTN: ATIN-T, Threats Terrorism Team, Bldg 53, 700 Scott Avenue, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027-1323. This handbook is available at https://dcsint-threats.leavenworth.army.mil. and requires an Army Knowledge Online (AKO) login for access. i TRADOC G2 Handbook No. 1.01, Terror Operations: Case Studies in Terrorism 25 July 2007 This Page Intentionally Blank ii TRADOC G2 Handbook No. 1.01, Terror Operations: Case Studies in Terrorism 25 July 2007 Terror Operations: Case Studies in Terrorism Contents Preface........................................................................................................................................ i Contents ................................................................................................................................iii Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 1 Case Study Purpose................................................................................................................ 2 Case Study Elements.............................................................................................................. 3 The Contemporary Operational Environment........................................................................ 4 Chapter 1: Tokyo Subway Sarin Attack.............................................................................1-1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................1-2 Learning Objectives ............................................................................................................1-3 Case Study Overview– Tokyo Chemical Sarin Attack (1995) ...........................................1-3 Background .........................................................................................................................1-5 Planning and Preparation: Matsumoto – Sarin in the Air .................................................1-10 The Decision to Attack Tokyo ..........................................................................................1-12 Tokyo – Recipe for Disaster .............................................................................................1-13 The Sarin Attack ...............................................................................................................1-13 Supplemental Vignettes -The Immediate Aftermath ........................................................1-18 The Terrorists....................................................................................................................1-19 The Victims.......................................................................................................................1-20 Case Discussion Questions ...............................................................................................1-21 Assessment........................................................................................................................1-22 Chapter 2: Murrah Federal Building Bombing.................................................................2-1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................2-2 Learning Objectives ............................................................................................................2-2 Case Study Overview - Murrah Federal Building (1995)...................................................2-3 Background .........................................................................................................................2-4 Planning and Preparation: Oklahoma City Target ..............................................................2-6 The Attack with a High Yield Explosive ..........................................................................2-12 Supplemental Vignettes: The Immediate Aftermath.........................................................2-12 Case Discussion Questions ...............................................................................................2-14 Assessment........................................................................................................................2-15 Chapter 3: Khobar Towers VBIED Bombing....................................................................3-1 Introduction.........................................................................................................................3-2 Learning Objectives ............................................................................................................3-2 Case Study Overview – Khobar Towers Bombing (1996) .................................................3-3 Background .........................................................................................................................3-3 Planning and Preparation ....................................................................................................3-4 The Attack with a VBIED...................................................................................................3-5 Supplemental Vignettes: The Immediate Aftermath...........................................................3-8 iii TRADOC G2 Handbook No. 1.01, Terror Operations: Case Studies in Terrorism 25 July 2007 Case Discussion Questions ...............................................................................................3-13 Assessment........................................................................................................................3-14 Chapter 4: USS Cole Bombing.............................................................................................4-1
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