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Former Transkei Defence Force MI Chief, Lieutenant Colonel Craig Duli, Dies on 22 November While Attempting to Overthrow The
Former Transkei Defence Force MI chief, Lieutenant Colonel Craig Duli, dies on 22 November while attempting to overthrow the military government of Major General Bantu Holomisa in Transkei. (Duli is supported by the South African security forces). Mandela pledges that MK members will help form and train self-defence units (SDUs) to protect communities from attack by security forces or vigilantes. SDUs are established in many townships across the country. Compulsory military service (conscription) is ended and the SADF is withdrawn from townships. Vigilante activities by the Three Million Gang (reported as active from 1989 to 1992 in the Orange Free State) target UDF and ANC activists, student organisations and SDUs for attack. The SDUs violently oppose the group. The killing of political leaders and activists in Natal escalates. 1991 In the Christopher Nangalembe night vigil killings in January, forty-five people are killed when a night vigil is attacked with automatic weapons in Sebokeng, Transvaal. Ciskei rebels, Colonel Onward Mangwane Guzana and former General Charles Sebe are shot dead at a roadblock in Ciskei on 27 January, following an apparent ambush on their coup attempt against Brigadier Oupa Gqozo’s government. Thirteen die and twenty-nine are injured when police open fire on Daveyton residents holding an illegal meeting on 14 January. Lawyer Bheki Mlangeni is killed in February by a Vlakplaas parcel bomb meant for Dirk Coetzee. The UDF National General Council decides in March to disband the organisation later that year. In the Alexandra night vigil killings on 26 March 1991, fifteen people are shot dead and at least eighteen are injured in an attack on a funeral vigil for an ANC member who died in fighting in Alexandra which raged for three days. -
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report: Volume 2
VOLUME TWO Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was presented to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. Archbishop Desmond Tutu Ms Hlengiwe Mkhize Chairperson Dr Alex Boraine Mr Dumisa Ntsebeza Vice-Chairperson Ms Mary Burton Dr Wendy Orr Revd Bongani Finca Adv Denzil Potgieter Ms Sisi Khampepe Dr Fazel Randera Mr Richard Lyster Ms Yasmin Sooka Mr Wynand Malan* Ms Glenda Wildschut Dr Khoza Mgojo * Subject to minority position. See volume 5. Chief Executive Officer: Dr Biki Minyuku I CONTENTS Chapter 1 Chapter 6 National Overview .......................................... 1 Special Investigation The Death of President Samora Machel ................................................ 488 Chapter 2 The State outside Special Investigation South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 42 Helderberg Crash ........................................... 497 Special Investigation Chemical and Biological Warfare........ 504 Chapter 3 The State inside South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 165 Special Investigation Appendix: State Security Forces: Directory Secret State Funding................................... 518 of Organisations and Structures........................ 313 Special Investigation Exhumations....................................................... 537 Chapter 4 The Liberation Movements from 1960 to 1990 ..................................................... 325 Special Investigation Appendix: Organisational structures and The Mandela United -
Clax Template CSW Version 3.0 Off97
A FEW REMARKS BY MAJOR GENERAL ASHTON MLINDENI SIBANGO ON AN ORGANISED RETIREMENT FAREWELL PARADE AT DEFENCE SPORTS GROUNDS, THABA TSHWANE: 31 JANUARY 2020 Programme Director, allow me to acknowledge the Members of National, Provincial and Local Legislatures, respectively, their Excellencies, Foreign and Local Ambassadors here present; the Chief South African National Defence Force, Secretary for Defence, Chief of Staff at Corporate Level, Chiefs of Services and Divisions, Members of the Plenary Defence Staff Council, all of whom are recognised in their absentia, Retired Chiefs of Services and Divisions, General Staff and Flag Officers, distinguished Members of the Military Attaché Corps, All Officers, Captains of the Industries, our Honoured and distinguished Guests, Warrant Officers of all categories, Non Commissioned Officers, Women and Men on parade, Ladies and Gentlemen and my beloved Family, Good Morning, Happy New Year and welcome all of you. Let me congratulate the South African Air Force on its celebrations marking its twenty odd years of existence and one hundred years of flying experience. Before, I can deliver what I consider it as the state of my retirement and farewell address, I think it is proper to introduce myself, first, for the sake of a few individuals here present. Standing in front of you, is a Major General Ashton Mlindeni Sibango, a grandson of Prince Zwelakhe Sibango, who was a Military War Veteran of the 2nd World War, together with his brother, Chief Bazindlovu Holomisa. In 2019, the world had witnessed well-coordinated ceremonies across Europe, Americas, Asia, not certain about Africa and Middle East, commemorating the fallen heroes on the 75th anniversary of the Normandy landing in France, one of the longest days during that specific World War. -
1 the South African National Defence Force Integration
1 The South African National Defence Force integration Thandi Modisei The history of South Africa is littered with conflicts – cultural, ethnic and racial. Different wars were fought during different eras, in different geographical spaces using different arms and systems. South Africa’s negotiated settlement took place over a period of time. Some people believe that the negotiations began with discussions between the African National Congress (ANS) leadership in prison and the South African government of the time as early as the late 1980s. The negotiated settlement has been under discussion and in the public domain since the early 1990s. We know that the armed forces of the two major political actors, the South African government and the ANC, became involved in direct and structured negotiations only in November 1993. Clearly, there was a ‘gap’ between the political and the military talks. The pace of the negotiations also tended to be slower and to ‘follow’ the political talks. There were two reasons for this ‘time gap’: º Both parties saw the retention of their armed forces as a ‘security fallback’, an asset necessary to appease their respective constituencies. º Retaining their armed capabilities was seen, in very pragmatic terms, as a physical guarantee that could be utilised should the negotiation process falter or fail. Considerable debate had preceded the formal military negotiations between the primary actors - the South African Defence Force (SADF) and Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK) - and the other armed forces present in South Africa at the time: the Azanian Peoples’ Liberation Army (APLA); the Transkei Defence Force (TDF); the Ciskei Defence Force (CDF); the Venda Defence Force (VDF) and the Bophuthatswana Defence Force (BDF). -
South Africa: Historical Background Greg Moran
Third World Legal Studies Volume 14 The Governance of Internal Security Forces Article 8 in Sub-Saharan Africa 1-8-1997 Human Rights and the Structure of Internal Security Forces – South Africa: Historical Background Greg Moran Follow this and additional works at: http://scholar.valpo.edu/twls Recommended Citation Moran, Greg (1997) "Human Rights and the Structure of Internal Security Forces – South Africa: Historical Background," Third World Legal Studies: Vol. 14, Article 8. Available at: http://scholar.valpo.edu/twls/vol14/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Valparaiso University Law School at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Third World Legal Studies by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE STRUCTURE OF INTERNAL SECURITY FORCES SOUTH AFRICA: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND By Greg Moran* The apartheid policies that characterised most of the period of colonial rule, both formally (after 1948) and informally before, left an indelible mark on the consciousness of South Africans, (and on the map of the country prior to 1994). The policy of creating separate homelands for each of the black ethnic groupings and pushing these to independence to ensure the survival of white South Africa, lead to the creation of numerous police and armed forces. The records of all of these are severely blemished and their histories steeped in blood. At present, moves are afoot to incorporate all of these security forces into unified bodies: the South African National Defense Force (SANDF) and the South African Police Services (SAPS). -
Xv Abbreviations ABET ABMVA ACDA AFC AIDS AK47 ANC APLA
Abbreviations ABET Adult Basic Education and Training ABMVA Advisory Board on Military Veterans' Affairs ACDA United Nations Arms Control and Disarmament Agency AFC Agricultural Finance Corporation (in Zimbabwe) AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AK47 Avtomat Kalashnikova, Model 1947 (assault rifle) ANC African National Congress APLA Azanian People's Liberation Army APLAMVA APLA Military Veterans' Association ARMSCOR Armaments Corporation of South Africa AU African Union (formerly Organisation of African Unity) AWB Afrikaner Weerstands Beweging (Afrikaner Resistance Movement) AWOL Absent Without Official Leave AZANLA Azanian National Liberation Army AZAPO Azanian People's Organisation BAC Base Advice Centres BAe British Aerospace BDF Bophuthatswana Defence Force BDP Banco Popular de Desinvolvimento (a Mozambican bank) BICC Bonn International Center for Conversion BMATT British Military Advisory and Training Team CAT Centre for Advanced Training CCB Civilian Co-operation Bureau CCN Council of Churches in Namibia CCPM Joint Political-Military Commission (in Angola) CCR Centre for Conflict Resolution CDF Ciskei Defence Force CDI Center for Defense Information (US) CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CMVO Council of Military Veterans' Organisations CODESA Convention for a Democratic South Africa CORE Commission for Reintegration (in Mozambique) COREMO Mozambique Revolutionary Committee xv COSAWR Committee on South African War Resistance CP Chief Personnel (SANDF) CPR Certified Personnel Register CSVR Centre for the Study of -
The Security Sector in Southern Africa
ISS MONOGRAPH 174 Th is monograph is a study of the security sector in six Southern African countries, namely Botswana, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho, Mozambique, South Africa and Zimbabwe. It highlights the strengths and challenges of the various institutions that make Th e security sector up the security sector, including defence, police, Cette monographie est une étude portant sur le prisons, intelligence, private security, oversight secteur de sécurité dans six pays d’Afrique australe, bodies and the policy and legal frameworks in Southern Africa à savoir le Botswana, la République Démocratique under which they operate. Th e monograph THE SECURITY SECTOR IN SOUTHERN AFRICA du Congo, le Lesotho, le Mozambique, l’Afrique represents an attempt to provide baseline data du Sud et le Zimbabwe. Elle fait le point sur les on the security institutions in the region so that forces et les faiblesses des diverses institutions formant le secteur de sécurité à savoir la défense, la we can better determine where security sector police, les prisons, les renseignements, la sécurité reform measures are needed. Th e functioning privée, les agences de surveillance de même que of national security institutions is enhanced by les cadres politiques et légaux qui les régissent. the their harmonization at a regional level. Th e La monographie constitue une tentative de monograph therefore begins with an overview fournir des données de base sur les institutions of SADC’s Organ of Politics, Defence and de sécurité de la région afi n de nous permettre Security Cooperation. de mieux déterminer les domaines dans lesquels la réforme est nécessaire. -
Alcohol Misuse in Patients Attending a Defence Force General Medical Clinic
Original Research Alcohol misuse in patients attending a defence force general medical clinic Bekker D, MBChB, MFamMed Van Velden DP, MBChB, MPraxMed Department of Family Medicine, University of Stellenbosch Correspondence: Dr D Bekker, 3 Grobler Street, Aurora Durbanville, 7550 Tel: 021-5902635, e-mail: [email protected] Keywords: alcohol misuse; Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT); general medical practice; defence force; prevalence Abstract Aim.: To determine the prevalence of alcohol misuse in adult patients attending a defence force general practice clinic. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional survey. Methods: The setting is a military sickbay situated in the Cape Town metropolitan area, South Africa. Participants included all adult patients (³ð18 years) attending the clinic during a three week period midyear. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) questionnaire was completed by patients. Two direct alcohol consumption questions were added determining the total drinks per week as well as the maximum number of drinks per occasion. Results: Of the 658 patients approached, 40 (6%) declined to fill in the questionnaire. 42% of the 618 patients surveyed were female and 58% were male with an average age of 41 years. The group consisted of 44% current defence force members, 25% retired defence force members, 22% medical dependents and 7% civilians. The overall rate of alcohol misuse according to the AUDIT-questionnaire was 13,27%. Among male patients, 20,6% scored as misusers of alcohol, compared with 2,7% among females. A much higher level of misuse was also found under younger age groups. 38,1% of male apprentices at the technical college and 40,0% of male current defence force members staying on the base scored 8 or more on the AUDIT. -
A South African Diary: Contested Identity, My Family - Our Story
How many bones must you bury before you can call yourself an African? Updated February 2012 A South African Diary: Contested Identity, My Family - Our Story Part F: 1975 - 1986 Compiled by: Dr. Anthony Turton [email protected] Caution in the use and interpretation of these data This document consists of events data presented in chronological order. It is designed to give the reader an insight into the complex drivers at work over time, by showing how many events were occurring simultaneously. It is also designed to guide future research by serious scholars, who would verify all data independently as a matter of sound scholarship and never accept this as being valid in its own right. Read together, they indicate a trend, whereas read in isolation, they become sterile facts devoid of much meaning. Given that they are “facts”, their origin is generally not cited, as a fact belongs to nobody. On occasion where an interpretation is made, then the commentator’s name is cited as appropriate. Where similar information is shown for different dates, it is because some confusion exists on the exact detail of that event, so the reader must use caution when interpreting it, because a “fact” is something over which no alternate interpretation can be given. These events data are considered by the author to be relevant, based on his professional experience as a trained researcher. Own judgement must be used at all times . All users are urged to verify these data independently. The individual selection of data also represents the author’s bias, so the dataset must not be regarded as being complete. -
Music and Militarisation During the Period of the South African Border War (1966-1989): Perspectives from Paratus
Music and Militarisation during the period of the South African Border War (1966-1989): Perspectives from Paratus Martha Susanna de Jongh Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Professor Stephanus Muller Co-supervisor: Professor Ian van der Waag December 2020 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (unless to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: 29 July 2020 Copyright © 2020 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract In the absence of literature of the kind, this study addresses the role of music in militarising South African society during the time of the South African Border War (1966-1989). The War on the border between Namibia and Angola took place against the backdrop of the Cold War, during which the apartheid South African government believed that it had to protect the last remnants of Western civilization on the African continent against the communist onslaught. Civilians were made aware of this perceived threat through various civilian and military channels, which included the media, education and the private business sector. The involvement of these civilian sectors in the military resulted in the increasing militarisation of South African society through the blurring of boundaries between the civilian and the military. -
FIGHTING and WRITING the RHODESIAN ARMY at WAR and POSTWAR FIGHTING and WRITING Luise White FIGHTING and WRITING the RHODESIAN ARMY at WAR and POSTWAR
LUISE WHITE FIGHTING AND WRITING THE RHODESIAN ARMY AT WAR AND POSTWAR FIGHTING AND WRITING Luise White FIGHTING AND WRITING THE RHODESIAN ARMY AT WAR AND POSTWAR Duke University Press | Durham and London | 2021 © 2021 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of Amer i ca on acid- free paper ∞ Designed by Matthew Tauch Typeset in Minion Pro by Westchester Publishing Services Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: White, Luise, author. Title: Fighting and writing : the Rhodesian army at war and postwar / Luise White. Description: Durham : Duke University Press, 2021. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020022213 (print) | LCCN 2020022214 (ebook) | ISBN 9781478010623 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781478011729 (paperback) | ISBN 9781478021285 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Southern Rhodesia. Army. Selous Scouts. | Whites—Zimbabwe—History. | Whites—Race identity— Zimbabwe. | Zimbabwe—Race relations—History. | Zimbabwe—History—1965–1980. | Zimbabwe—History— Chimurenga War, 1966–1980. Classification: LCC DT2988 .W45 2021 (print) | LCC DT2988 (ebook) | DDC 968.91/04—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020022213 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020022214 Cover art: Eleven Troop 3 Commandos at Deka on the Zambezi, 1978. Photograph by Tom Argyle. Courtesy of Chris Cocks. CONTENTS vii Acknowl edgments xi Place- Names, Currency, and Acronyms 1 1 Zimbabwe’s Liberation Strug gle and Rhodesia’s Bush War: Locating Its History 31 2 “Blood and Ink”: Memoirs, Authors, Histories 59 3 “ Your Shona Is Better Than Mine!”: Pseudo Gangs, Blacking Up, and the Pleasures of Counterinsurgency 83 4 “Each Footprint Tells a Story”: Tracking and Poaching in the Rhodesian Army 109 5 “There Is No Copyright on Facts”: Ron Reid- Daly, Authorship, and the Transkei Defence Force 121 6 “Every Self- Respecting Terrorist Has an ak-47”: Guerrilla Weapons and Rhodesian Imaginations 141 7 “ A Plastic Bag full of Cholera”: Rhodesia and Chemical and Biological Weapons 167 8 “Will Travel Worldwide. -
SANDF 2005 Publication
The Reserve Force Volunteer THE RESERVE FORCE VOLUNTEER is published annually. The views and opinions expressed by the authors of articles are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the Department of Defence. The Editor reserves the right to revise and edit all articles. COPYRIGHT: No article or picture in this magazine may be reproduced without the written consent of the Editor. This year the Publication Committee decid- ed to use the theme “Recipes for Editorial STAFF Success” to direct the thinking behind editorial staff articles submitted for the 2005 edition. By going through the magazine the Editor: Jennifer Render reader will soon realise that this is Production Manager: Denise Nienaber indeed an apt theme as throughout Layout and design: Nadine van Wyk 2004 many major objectives have been achieved; certainly the Front cover: Nadine van Wyk Reserve Forces are slowly coming Chief Co-ordinator: Jennifer Render into their own right. Major General Distribution: Bongani Khuzwayo Andersen pleads the Reserve Force case at every forum. The Jim Tshabalala newly launched Council for Support of National Defence headed by Mr The Editor thanks the Publication Committee Tokyo Sexwale will make inroads in for their dedicated response to The Reserve Force Volunteer, all authors for their contribu- the private sector to lobby support for tions and the Director Language for assis- defence matters. May you as the reader ting with the linguistics. get better insight into the important tasks of the Reserve Force and an understanding