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Time for Favour 01 A5 TIME FOR FAVOUR TIME FOR FAVOUR The Scottish Mission to the Jews: 1838 – 1852 John S. Ross Tentmaker Publications 121 Hartshill Road Stoke-on-Trent Staffs. ST4 7LU www.tentmaker.org.uk (UK) www.tentmakerpublications.com (USA) ISBN: 978-1-901670-67-7 © 2011 John Ross Jane Mathison Haining Born: Dumfriesshire 1897 Died: Auschwitz 1944 For Elizabeth CONTENTS Preface ................................................................................................... 13 Introduction: On the Road to Heaven ........................................... 15 1 Entering into the Jewish Heritage............................................ 23 2 Claudius Buchanan: the True Pioneer .................................... 37 3 From Voluntary Societies to Church Mission .......................... 53 4 Thomas Chalmers and the Jewish mission .............................. 63 5 Oh Then Pray – Pray Without Ceasing .................................. 69 6 A General and Cordial Support .............................................. 75 7 Where in the World? ................................................................ 89 8 M’Cheyne in London............................................................. 105 9 Outward Bound ..................................................................... 119 10 Journey to Jerusalem .............................................................. 129 11 From Galilee to Europe ......................................................... 143 12 Returning to Revival .............................................................. 159 13 A Door Opens ........................................................................ 171 14 On the Brink of a Great Adventure ...................................... 183 15 The Narrative of a Mission of Inquiry ................................. 195 16 Daniel Edward: Faith and Perseverance at Iasi ..................... 205 17 A City and its Bridge .............................................................. 229 18 A Foundation Laid with Sapphires ........................................ 241 19 Hebrew Christians are Everywhere ....................................... 259 20 The Results Have Been Great and Glorious ......................... 275 Appendix 1 Scottish Influence and the Growth of Jewish Missions ............ 285 Appendix 2 To the Children of Israel in all the Lands of their Dispersion ..... 297 Notes and Further Reading..................................................................... 309 Select Bibliography of Primary Sources ................................................... 323 Index ................................................................................................... 327 7 PICTURES Front Cover: Jerusalem from the South, David Roberts Frontispiece: Jane Mathison Haining Between pages 176 & 181: 1. George Whitefield preaching 2. Claudius Buchanan 3. John Eliot preaching to the Algonquins 4. Thomas Chalmers 5. The National Scotch Church, Regent Square, London 6. ‘Rabbi’ John Duncan 7. The Disruption Brooch 8. Robert Murray M’Cheyne 9. Andrew A. Bonar 10.Alexander Keith 11.Portable photographic equipment, c.1838 12.The Archduke József, Palatine of Hungary 13.The Archduchess Maria Dorothea 14.Adolph Saphir 15.Alfred Edersheim Back flap: John Ross 8 ABBREVIATIONS Annals ......... Annals of the Free Church of Scotland BSPGJ........ British Society for the Propagation of the Gospel Among the Jews. CMR .......... Children’s Missionary Record of the Free Church of Scotland DSCHT ..... Dictionary of Scottish Church History and Theology DNB........... Dictionary of National Biography ECI ............ Edinburgh Christian Instructor Fasti ............ Fasti Ecclesiae Scoticanae HMFR ....... Home and Foreign Missionary Review of the Free Church of Scotland LSPCJ ........ London Society for Promoting Christianity Among the Jews MBRPC ..... Minute Book of the Reformed Presbyterian Church MCCH ...... M’Cheyne Archive in New College Library, Edinburgh. Memoir ........ Memoir and Remains of Robert Murray M’Cheyne Narrative...... Narrative of a Visit to the Holy Land and Mission of Inquiry to the Jews NAS ........... National Archives of Scotland NCL ........... New College Library NIDCC ...... New International Dictionary of the Christian Church NLS ........... National Library of Scotland PGACS ...... Proceedings of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland RSCHS ...... Records of the Scottish Church History Society RThJ .......... Reformed Theological Journal 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS N writing this book I have received help from a great many people I and I take this opportunity to thank them. I am immensely grateful to Rev. Professor Andrew T B McGowan, Professor of Theology at the University of the Highlands and Islands, and Rabbi Professor Dan Cohn- Sherbok, former Professor of Judaism at the University of Wales, Lampeter, for their perceptive advice, and good humoured and erudite supervision of the original research on which this book is based. I am greatly indebted to my former employers, the Council of Management of Christian Witness to Israel, for permitting me time to engage in research and for very generously underwriting the costs entailed. Of the CWI staff, I especially thank my successor, Mike Moore, for his encouragement and his willingness to write the foreword, and Sally Hutson, my former Personal Assistant, who frequently went the ‘the second mile.’ Without libraries and librarians adequate exploration of this subject would have been impossible. I am, therefore, happy to acknowledge the professional assistance of the librarians and staff of the following institutions: the National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh; New College Library, Edinburgh; and the Principal and staff of the Free Church of Scotland College, Edinburgh. In addition, I am grateful for help to access other important collections, such the library of the former Rutherford House, Edinburgh; the library of the Henry Martyn Centre, Cambridge; the United Reformed Church Historical Collection, Westminster College, Cambridge; the Linen Hall Library, Belfast; the library of Union Theological College, Belfast; and the Robinson Library, Armagh. Ten years ago, during two months of intensive reading and writing, the congregation of Greyfriars Free Church of Scotland, Inverness, 11 Time for Favour called me to be their minister and supported my continued involvement in this project. To them I express deep gratitude. From Inverness I went to join the teaching staff of Dumisani Theological Institute, King William’s Town, South Africa, where the project lay dormant until 2010. My colleague, Dr Alistair Wilson, Principal of Dumisani, encouraged completion and undertook to read the final manuscript. Further proofreading was kindly undertaken by our good friend, Miss Mary Gillies. I am exceedingly grateful to Phil Roberts of Tentmaker Publications for backing this project at a time when books of missions’ history are not at their most popular with the Christian public. Finally, to my longsuffering wife, Elizabeth, to whom this book is dedicated, I owe an incalculable debt of gratitude. She kept me at it and uncomplainingly coped with my many absences from home and distraction from the affairs of family life. I alone am responsible for any remaining errors of fact, infelicities of language and inadequacies of presentation. 12 PREFACE OT so lon g ago, a well-known evangelical told an Islamic newspaper N in Malaysia that to believe, as many Christians do, that the Jews are God’s chosen people is “total rubbish”; neither the New Testament nor the Old Testament teach such an idea. Another eminent evangelical told me he believes that, according to Romans 11, God has cast away ethnic Israel. The Jews are no longer God’s people and there is no future hope for them as a people. He made the telling observation, however, that no one who shares his opinion ever becomes a missionary to the Jews. As more and more Christians identify with that rejectionist position, God is saving an ever-increasing number of Jews. About fifteen years ago, the anti-missionary rabbi, Tovia Singer asked why more Jews had become Christians in the last nineteen years than in the previous nineteen centuries. When the state of Israel came into being in 1948, it was rumoured that the number of Messianic Jews in the country was, significantly, just twelve. Twenty years later, in 1968, there were less than fifty Jewish believers in the land. In 1988, there were probably less than 500. Today, almost 25 years on, no one knows for certain how many Israelis believe in Jesus, although some suggest as many as 20,000. In Time For Favour, a former General Secretary of Christian Witness to Israel uncovers the roots of the modern Jewish missions movement. In the middle of the nineteenth century, God began to lay on the hearts of his people in the Church of Scotland a concern for the evangelisation of the Jews that in the second half of that century would result in a quarter of a million eastern European Jews finding salvation in their Messiah. This book tells the extraordinary story of the birth 13 Time for Favour of the Scottish mission to the Jews, which also resulted in the establishing of the society that became CWI. The cast of characters in Time For Favour features some of the most remarkable figures in the history of missions, including an archetypal eccentric absent-minded professor, a group of gung ho young ministers full of romantic ideas about the Holy Land and the Jews, head-strong and sometimes morally-weak missionaries and awkward mission boards. It is
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