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An Investigation of Passive Antibody and Its Effects on Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection Korakrit Poonsuk Iowa State University

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An Investigation of Passive Antibody and Its Effects on Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection Korakrit Poonsuk Iowa State University Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2017 An investigation of passive antibody and its effects on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection Korakrit Poonsuk Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Allergy and Immunology Commons, Immunology and Infectious Disease Commons, Medical Immunology Commons, Veterinary Medicine Commons, and the Virology Commons Recommended Citation Poonsuk, Korakrit, "An investigation of passive antibody and its effects on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 16104. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/16104 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. An investigation of passive antibody and its effects on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection by Korakrit Poonsuk A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Veterinary Microbiology (Preventive Medicine) Program of Study Committee: Jeffrey J. Zimmerman, Major Professor Rodger G. Main Jianqiang Zhang Chong Wang Darin Madson The student author and the program of study committee are solely responsible for the content of this dissertation. The Graduate College will ensure this dissertation is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2017 Copyright © Korakrit Poonsuk, 2017. All rights reserved. ii DEDICATION To my parents Dr. Kriengsak and Arunee Poonsuk To my major professor Professor Dr. Jeffrey J. Zimmerman iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ vi CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1 References ........................................................................................................................... 2 CHAPTER 2. HISTORICAL AND CONTEMPORARY ASPECTS OF MATERNAL IMMUNITY IN SWINE .................................................................................. 3 Abstract ............................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 4 The recognition of maternal immunity ............................................................................... 4 Why are piglets born agammaglobulinemic? ..................................................................... 8 Anatomy and physiology of lactation ............................................................................... 11 Swine mammary gland anatomy ................................................................................. 11 Mammogenesis ........................................................................................................... 11 Lactogenesis ................................................................................................................ 14 Immunological functions of mammary secretions ............................................................ 16 Cellular components in swine mammary secretion .................................................... 16 Antibodies in swine mammary secretions .................................................................. 19 Transport of antibody into mammary secretions ........................................................ 20 Acquisition of maternal immunity by the neonatal piglet .......................................... 22 Maternal immunity and swine health: past, present, and future applications .................. 24 References ......................................................................................................................... 27 Table ................................................................................................................................. 46 Table 1. Pathogens against which maternal immunity can provide protection to piglets ......................................................................................................... 46 CHAPTER 3. DOES CIRCULATING ANTIBODY PLAY A ROLE IN THE PROTECTION OF PIGLETS AGAINST PORCINE EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA VIRUS? .................................................................................... 47 Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 47 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 48 Materials and Methods ...................................................................................................... 50 Experimental design.................................................................................................... 50 Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) inoculum ................................................... 50 Animals and animal care ............................................................................................. 51 Implementation of the experiment .............................................................................. 52 Biological sample collection ....................................................................................... 54 Coronavirus reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (rRT-PCR) ............... 55 Analysis 59 iv Results ............................................................................................................................... 60 Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 62 Funding ............................................................................................................................. 66 References ......................................................................................................................... 66 Tables ................................................................................................................................ 73 Table 1. Allocation of piglets to treatments by litter a ............................................... 73 Table 2. Serum antibody levels among treatment groups by day post inoculation .. 74 Figures............................................................................................................................... 75 Figure 1. Anti-PEDV IgA in milk based on daily samplings and mean number of piglets per litter over time post inoculation. ............................................. 75 Figure 2. Treatment responses following inoculation of piglets with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. ............................................................................. 76 CHAPTER 4. QUANTIFYING THE EFFECT OF LACTOGENIC ANTIBODY ON PORCINE EPIDEMIC DIARRHEA VIRUS INFECTION IN NEONATAL PIGLETS ................................................................................. 77 Abstract ............................................................................................................................. 77 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 78 Materials and methods ...................................................................................................... 79 Experimental design.................................................................................................... 79 Animals and animal care ............................................................................................. 80 Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) inoculum ................................................... 81 PEDV inoculation ....................................................................................................... 82 Biological sample collection ....................................................................................... 82 Coronavirus reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (rRT-PCR) ............... 83 Coronavirus antibody assays....................................................................................... 85 Data analysis ............................................................................................................... 87 Results ............................................................................................................................... 88 Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 91 Declaration of conflicting interests ................................................................................... 96 Funding ............................................................................................................................. 97 References ......................................................................................................................... 97 Tables .............................................................................................................................
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