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Apfroaciiks to Promotion and Dissemination of New Bean Varieties in Uganda

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Apfroaciiks to Promotion and Dissemination of New Bean Varieties in Uganda 23 APFROACIIKS TO PROMOTION AND DISSEMINATION OF NEW BEAN VARIETIES IN UGANDA M.A. Ugen Namulonge Agricultural and Animal Production Research Institute, P.O. Box 7084, Kampala, Uganda. Introduction: Uganda National Bean Program (UNBP) recently released two new varieties namely K131 (MCM 5001) and K132 (CAL 96) which all yield more than K20 by over 60% and 30% respectively. These varieties are tolerant to pests and diseases and of acceptable qualities. With the availability of new varieties, it is important that farmers have access to these varieties. Bean production can increase if these varieties reach the farmers and are maintained by them. In most developing countries, official seed system have been relatively inefficient in reaching the mass of the farmers (CIAT, 1990). Sperling and Loevinsohn (1993) noted that for poor farmers, the use of new bean varieties may involve repeated cycle of loss and restocking. The objectives of this study were to promote and facilitate multiplication and dissemination of new bean varieties by farmers, and determine effectiveness of alternative means of accomplishing the first objective. The hypotheses being that multiplication and dissemination of new bean varieties can be promoted and facilitated equally efficiently by (a) on-farm variety trials (b) demonstrations with and without participatory research activities and (c) selling 0.5kg packages of seeds of the new bean varieties in shops located in important bean producing areas. Procedures of Promotion/Dissemination of new bean varieties Varieties used for the promotion/dissemination work were K131 (MCM 5001) and K132 (CAL 96). The procedures used were: On-farm variety trial: The varieties were tested in areas with participatory research underway (Ikulwe and Mityana villages) and sites without participatory research approach (Kawempe and Maziba villages) in 1993. Ten to fifteen trials per village per season were conducted. Demonstrations: Conducted on farmers fields in two locations with active participatory research (Matugga and Mityana villages) and two locations without participatory research (Suta and Budaka) in 1993A season (five demonstrations per site). In 1993B, demonstrations were extended to Iganga, Kamuli, Kumi, Pallisa, Lira and Apac didstricts with the help of District Agricultural Officers. These were areas where these varieties were previously grown. The demonstrations were implemented by government extension agents, NGOs and researchers on farmers' fields with good visibility. In order to extend awareness among farmers, a field day was organized in each location for the local farmers to visit the demonstrations at pod filling stage (R8). The local variety in each of the above named location compared with a new variety. Farmers were requested to keep information on the new varieties com.pared to their local varieties for future references. Seed Sale: Seed packets of 0.5 kg were made available for sale in three shops each of the following locations: Kamenyamiggo and Nakabango (sites near VTCs) and locations of Mukoko (Masaka district), Mbarara (Mukono district) and Mbale district which were sites for away from VTCs in 1993A. In 1993B, the areas were extended to more districts of Kumi, Lira, Apac, Gulu, Masindi, Kamuli, Mukono, Jinja, Luwero and Iganga (one to 3 trading centres per district). The seed packets were provided to shopkeepers to sell to interested farmers (15 packet/shop of avariety and two varieties/shop). Each packet contained information sheet for the variety. Shopkeepers were advanced the seeds and encouraged to sell the packets at 150% of the local prices. Of the proceeds, 75% were returned to research and 25% retained as profit by the shopkeepers. Shopkeepers were asked to record the names and home addresses of farmers purchasing the seeds for future foilow-up. Follow-iip procedures The listed activities took place in 1993 follow-up on the different methods started in 1994B season and is expected to go up to end of 1996 to cover both areas which recieved and those which never recieved beans in order to estimate adoption level and extent of dissemination and seed increase. Ten farmers who participated in On-farm variety trials in each location will be interviewed almost the amount of seeds they have on hand, the amount they have sown during the current season and the amount they disseminated to their neighbours. A maximum of 4 recieving neighbours will be interviewed to determine if they received and sowed the variety and the quantity sown. Field checks will be done. The five farmers who participated in the demonstration in each location will interviewed as above. Ten farmicrs in each locations who purchased seeds will be interviewed as above. In each location, total amount of seed sown of the new varieties will determined for each season. Costs of the demonstrations and providing the seed for sale (considering value of reaseacher time, vehicle operation etc) will be detennined. Estimates of efficiency will be determined for: (a) absolute rate of multiplication and dissemination; (b) rate of multplication and dissemination relative to the cost of promotion/facilitation; and (c) rate of multiplication and dissemination relative to the reseacher time required for promotioa/faclitation. The follow up process started late 1994 second season with data gathering and preliminary observation seems to indicate that the sale of small packets of 0.5kg of new bean varieties is more effective and efficient in dissemination of new bean varieties. Farmers tend to put much interest in the seeds especially when the price is high and variety of liked characters. This method in the long run will help seed producers or schemes to package their seeds to the time the farmers are able to afford (the Socio-economist is compiling the results). References: International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) 1990 Annual Report. Sperling, L. and M. Loevinsolm. 1993. The dynamics of adoption: Distribution and mortality of bean varieties among small farmers in Rwanda. Agricultural Systems 41: 441-453. .
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