Basis for Poverty Reduction? a Rich Civil Society, Farmer Innovation and Agricultural Service Provision in Kabale, Uganda
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A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Boesen, Jannik; Miiro, Richard Working Paper Basis for poverty reduction? A rich civil society, farmer innovation and agricultural service provision in Kabale, Uganda DIIS Working Paper, No. 2004:2 Provided in Cooperation with: Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS), Copenhagen Suggested Citation: Boesen, Jannik; Miiro, Richard (2004) : Basis for poverty reduction? A rich civil society, farmer innovation and agricultural service provision in Kabale, Uganda, DIIS Working Paper, No. 2004:2, Danish Institute for International Studies (DIIS), Copenhagen This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/84628 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle You are not to copy documents for public or commercial Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich purposes, to exhibit the documents publicly, to make them machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen. publicly available on the internet, or to distribute or otherwise use the documents in public. 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A rich civil society, farmer innovation and agricultural service provision in Kabale, Uganda Research carried out for the CARE supported Farmer Innovation Project (FIP), Rubaya Sub-county, Kabale District, Uganda Jannik Boesen & Richard Miiro with Sarah Kasozi DRAFT Faculty of Agriculture, Makerere University, Kampala Danish Institute for International Studies, Copenhagen January 2004 Contents Acronyms ....................................................................................................................................i Abstract ......................................................................................................................................1 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................3 1.1 Civil Society and poverty ...............................................................................................3 1.2 Kabale District, the Farmer Innovation Project, and this research ...................................4 1.3 Outline of the research report ..........................................................................................6 1.4 Methodology...................................................................................................................7 2. Poverty analysis, Rubaya sub-county ......................................................................................8 2.1 Measuring poverty ..........................................................................................................8 2.2 The different faces of poverty........................................................................................11 2.3 Poverty and non-agricultural incomes............................................................................12 2.4 Food insecurity and food crops as cash crops ................................................................16 2.5 Land pressure and fragmentation...................................................................................18 2.6 Rubaya is not poorest in all respects – and it has development potentials.......................20 3. Civil society and community planning ..................................................................................22 3.1 Local council led village planning .................................................................................23 3.2 Local government annual participatory community planning processes ........................25 3.3 The NAADS form of community planning....................................................................26 3.4 Community based participatory planning facilitated by CARE FIP................................27 3.5 Dynamics of the approaches to planning .......................................................................29 3.6 Connectivity and ability to raise demand for services, action taken,..............................32 3.7 Analysis of constraints of and differences between the planning approaches .................33 4. Civil Society: local groups ....................................................................................................35 4.1 The different types of groups present in the sub county .................................................36 4.2 Major functions and activities of local groups ...............................................................38 4.3 Group structures, membership, and gender issues..........................................................40 4.4 Local groups strengthening civil society........................................................................42 5. Agricultural interventions and technology development ........................................................44 5.1 The soil management challenge.....................................................................................47 5.2 A discussion of fallowing..............................................................................................51 6. Recent extension interventions: Government’s T&V, NAADS ’privatisation, and CARE’s farmer innovation ...........................................................................................56 6.1 Extension in Uganda in the 20th century ........................................................................57 6.2 Participatory and privatised extension in the 21st century...............................................58 7. Conclusions ..........................................................................................................................67 References................................................................................................................................69 Tables Table 2.1 Poverty distribution in Rubaya sub county and five representative Ugandan districts.11 Table 2.2 Non-agricultural sources of income by sector in Rubaya subcounty and five representative Ugandan districts........................................................................................12 Table 2.3 Non-agricultural sources of income by specific sources in Rubaya subcounty and five representative Ugandan districts........................................................................................13 Table 2.4 Non-agricultural sources of income by specific sources in 6 parishes in Rubaya subcounty..........................................................................................................................13 Table 2.5 Poverty level, migration and sex of head of household in Rubaya subcounty............15 Table 2.6 Food shortage in Rubaya subcounty and five representative Ugandan districts ..........16 Table 2.7 Crops grown and sold by poverty level in Rubaya sub county ...................................17 Table 2.8 Crops bought for food in Rubaya subcounty..............................................................18 Table 2.9 Land distribution in five representative Ugandan districts and Rubaya sub-county ....19 Table 2.10 Land ownership in Rubaya sub-county....................................................................19 Table 2.11 Land acquisition in Rubaya sub-county ...................................................................20 Table 2.12 Land fragmentation: Average no of strips of land per household in Rubaya subcounty..........................................................................................................................20 Table 2.13 Poverty level and type of housing in five representative Ugandan districts and Rubaya sub county.........................................................................................................................21 Table 4.1 Group membership in households in Rubaya sub county ...........................................42 Table 5.1 Declining production over the last 5 years and its causes as seen by survey households in Rubaya sub-county........................................................................................................48 Table 5.2 Soil conservation by households in Rubaya sub-county.............................................48 Table 5.3 Households reasons for not practicing soil conservation ............................................50 Table 5.4 Soil conservation and observed soil erosion by households in Rubaya sub-county.....50 Table 5.5 Soil fertility improvement by households in Rubaya sub-county................................51 Table 5.6 Households in Rubaya sub-county that do nothing to improve soil fertility................52 Table 5.7 Fallowing by households in Rubaya